TWI776564B - Single-phase and three-phase compatible ac-dc conversion circuit and method of controlling discharge thereof - Google Patents
Single-phase and three-phase compatible ac-dc conversion circuit and method of controlling discharge thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本發明係有關一種交流直流轉換電路與其放電控制方法,尤指一種單相與三相兼容的交流直流轉換電路與其放電控制方法。 The invention relates to an AC-DC conversion circuit and a discharge control method thereof, in particular to a single-phase and three-phase compatible AC-DC conversion circuit and a discharge control method thereof.
為因應全球環境變遷,世界各國逐漸重視綠能環保的觀念。隨著近年來電動化與智能化科技的蓬勃發展,各車廠亦開始積極發展電動車(electric vehicle,EV),以降低碳排放。對於電動車而言,車載充電器(on-board charger)為其核心,主要負責對高壓電池傳遞充電能量。此外,因為隨著電動車的不斷發展,電池續航里程在不斷增加,同時對充電功率的要求也在提升,由原來的單相充電器逐漸向三相充電器發展,考慮用戶可能遇到不同的充電條件,具有單相、三相相(兼)容功能的車載充電器將為用戶帶來更多的便利。 In response to changes in the global environment, countries around the world have gradually attached importance to the concept of green energy and environmental protection. With the vigorous development of electrification and intelligent technologies in recent years, various car manufacturers have also begun to actively develop electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce carbon emissions. For electric vehicles, the on-board charger is the core, which is mainly responsible for transferring charging energy to the high-voltage battery. In addition, with the continuous development of electric vehicles, the battery cruising range is increasing, and the requirements for charging power are also increasing. The original single-phase charger is gradually developing into a three-phase charger. Considering that users may encounter different Charging conditions, the on-board charger with single-phase and three-phase (compatible) functions will bring more convenience to users.
然而,需注意的是,當車載充電器停止充電的運作時,其內部電路之電容仍存在能量,基於考量到使用人員與維修技師之操作安全性,需要提供一放電路徑,才能釋放此能量。一般而言,其能量釋能的方法可分為被動式放電(passive discharging)與主動式放電(active discharging)兩種技術。 However, it should be noted that when the on-board charger stops charging, there is still energy in the capacitance of its internal circuit. Considering the operational safety of users and maintenance technicians, a discharge path needs to be provided to release this energy. Generally speaking, the energy release methods can be divided into passive discharging and active discharging.
前者(被動式放電)可利用車載充電器內部電路之假負載(dummy load)進行自然放電,然而,其放電時間將會相當漫長。後者(主動式放電)可利用額外併接電路搭配功率開關切換以釋放電容能量,如此一來,可得到最短的放電 時間。然而,採用主動式放電的方式則因為需要額外增加的電路,因此將提高電路成本並且增加電路控制的複雜度。 The former (passive discharge) can use the dummy load of the internal circuit of the on-board charger for natural discharge, however, the discharge time will be quite long. The latter (active discharge) can use an additional parallel circuit with power switch switching to release the capacitor energy, so that the shortest discharge can be obtained time. However, using the active discharge method will increase the circuit cost and increase the complexity of circuit control because additional circuits are required.
為此,如何設計出一種單相與三相兼容的交流直流轉換電路及其放電控制方法,解決現有技術所存在的問題與技術瓶頸,乃為本案發明人所研究的重要課題。 Therefore, how to design a single-phase and three-phase compatible AC-DC conversion circuit and its discharge control method to solve the problems and technical bottlenecks in the prior art is an important subject studied by the present inventor.
本發明之一目的在於提供一種具有放電控制的單相與三相兼容的交流直流轉換電路,解決現有技術之問題。 One object of the present invention is to provide a single-phase and three-phase compatible AC-DC conversion circuit with discharge control, which solves the problems of the prior art.
為達成前揭目的,本發明所提出的具有放電控制的單相與三相兼容的交流直流轉換電路,配置於交流側與直流側之間,交流側具有三相電源。具有放電控制的交流直流轉換電路包含第一切換元件、第二切換元件、第三切換元件、開關橋臂組、第四切換元件、預充電電阻、電容組以及控制單元。開關橋臂組包含三組開關橋臂。各開關橋臂包含串聯的上開關與下開關;上開關與對應下開關的複數共接點分別透過第一切換元件、第二切換元件以及第三切換元件耦接三相電源。第四切換元件耦接於三相電源的第一相與對應三相電源的第二相的開關橋臂的共接點之間。預充電電阻並聯耦接第一切換元件。電容組並聯耦接開關橋臂組,以形成直流側。控制單元控制第四切換元件導通、控制耦接第一切換元件的開關橋臂的上開關導通、以及控制耦接第四切換元件的開關橋臂的下開關導通以提供放電路徑,使電容組透過放電路徑上的預充電電阻放電。 In order to achieve the purpose disclosed above, the single-phase and three-phase compatible AC-DC conversion circuit with discharge control proposed by the present invention is arranged between the AC side and the DC side, and the AC side has a three-phase power supply. The AC-DC conversion circuit with discharge control includes a first switching element, a second switching element, a third switching element, a switch bridge arm group, a fourth switching element, a pre-charging resistor, a capacitor group and a control unit. The switch bridge arm group includes three groups of switch bridge arms. Each switch bridge arm includes an upper switch and a lower switch connected in series; the plurality of common contacts of the upper switch and the corresponding lower switch are respectively coupled to the three-phase power supply through the first switching element, the second switching element and the third switching element. The fourth switching element is coupled between the first phase of the three-phase power supply and the common contact of the switch bridge arms corresponding to the second phase of the three-phase power supply. The pre-charging resistor is coupled in parallel with the first switching element. The capacitor group is coupled to the switch bridge arm group in parallel to form a DC side. The control unit controls the conduction of the fourth switching element, the conduction of the upper switch of the switching bridge arm coupled to the first switching element, and the conduction of the lower switch of the switching bridge arm coupled to the fourth switching element to provide a discharge path, so that the capacitor bank can pass through The precharge resistor on the discharge path discharges.
藉由所提出的具有放電控制的單相與三相兼容的交流直流轉換電路,可完成單相與三相兼容充電,且不需要額外增加電路元件,即可實現主動式 放電之功能,此外,為預防功率開關元件瞬間導通所產生之大電流對自身元件以及預充電電阻造成損壞,因此導入切換式技術進行改良,以控制脈衝寬度調變適時最佳化,調整功率開關元件的責任週期,不僅能夠有效地降低功率開關元件電流應力,亦能夠提高功率開關元件耐受度與系統可靠度。 With the proposed single-phase and three-phase compatible AC-DC conversion circuit with discharge control, single-phase and three-phase compatible charging can be completed, and the active charging can be realized without additional circuit components. In addition, in order to prevent the large current generated by the instantaneous conduction of the power switch element from causing damage to its own elements and pre-charge resistors, the switching technology is introduced to improve it to control the pulse width modulation and optimize it in time to adjust the power switch. The duty cycle of the components can not only effectively reduce the current stress of the power switching components, but also improve the tolerance and system reliability of the power switching components.
本發明之另一目的在於提供一種單相與三相兼容的交流直流轉換電路之充放電控制方法,解決現有技術之問題。 Another object of the present invention is to provide a charging and discharging control method of a single-phase and three-phase compatible AC-DC conversion circuit to solve the problems of the prior art.
為達成前揭目的,本發明所提出的單相與三相兼容的交流直流轉換電路之充放電控制方法,其中,交流直流轉換電路接收交流電源;交流直流轉換電路包含:三組開關橋臂、第四切換元件、預充電電阻以及電容組;各開關橋臂包含串聯的上開關與下開關;上開關與對應下開關的複數共接點分別透過第一切換元件、第二切換元件以及第三切換元件耦接三相電源;第四切換元件耦接於三相電源的第一相與對應三相電源的第二相的開關橋臂的共接點之間;預充電電阻並聯耦接第一切換元件;電容組並聯耦接各開關橋臂。放電控制方法包含:(a)、交流電源以單相或三相的方式對電容組充電;(b)、當判斷電容組欲進行放電時,控制第四切換元件導通;(c)、控制耦接第一切換元件的開關橋臂的上開關導通、控制耦接第四切換元件的開關橋臂的下開關導通以提供放電路徑;以及(d)、電容組透過放電路徑上的預充電電阻放電。 In order to achieve the purpose disclosed above, the charging and discharging control method of a single-phase and three-phase compatible AC-DC conversion circuit proposed by the present invention, wherein the AC-DC conversion circuit receives the AC power supply; the AC-DC conversion circuit comprises: three groups of switch bridge arms, a fourth switching element, a pre-charging resistor and a capacitor group; each switch bridge arm includes an upper switch and a lower switch connected in series; the plurality of common contacts of the upper switch and the corresponding lower switch respectively pass through the first switching element, the second switching element and the third switching element The switching element is coupled to the three-phase power supply; the fourth switching element is coupled between the first phase of the three-phase power supply and the common point of the switch bridge arm corresponding to the second phase of the three-phase power supply; the pre-charging resistor is coupled to the first phase in parallel The switch element; the capacitor group is coupled to each switch bridge arm in parallel. The discharge control method includes: (a), the AC power supply charges the capacitor bank in a single-phase or three-phase manner; (b), when it is determined that the capacitor bank is about to discharge, controlling the fourth switching element to conduct; (c), controlling the coupling The upper switch of the switching bridge arm connected to the first switching element is turned on, and the lower switch of the switching bridge arm coupled to the fourth switching element is controlled to be turned on to provide a discharge path; and (d), the capacitor bank is discharged through the precharge resistor on the discharge path .
藉由所提出的單相與三相兼容的交流直流轉換電路之充放電控制方法,可完成單相與三相兼容充電,且不需要額外增加電路元件,即可實現主動式放電之功能,此外,為預防功率開關元件瞬間導通所產生之大電流對自身元件以及預充電電阻造成損壞,因此導入切換式技術進行改良,以控制脈衝寬度調變適時最佳化,調整功率開關元件的責任週期,不僅能夠有效地降低功率開關元件電流應力,亦能夠提高功率開關元件耐受度與系統可靠度。 The single-phase and three-phase compatible charging can be completed by the proposed charging and discharging control method of the AC-DC conversion circuit that is compatible with single-phase and three-phase, and the function of active discharge can be realized without additional circuit components. , In order to prevent the large current generated by the instantaneous conduction of the power switching element from causing damage to its own elements and pre-charging resistors, the switching technology is introduced to improve it to control the timely optimization of the pulse width modulation and adjust the duty cycle of the power switching element. Not only can the current stress of the power switching element be effectively reduced, but also the tolerance of the power switching element and the system reliability can be improved.
為了能更進一步瞭解本發明為達成預定目的所採取之技術、手段及功效,請參閱以下有關本發明之詳細說明與附圖,相信本發明之目的、特徵與特點,當可由此得一深入且具體之瞭解,然而所附圖式僅提供參考與說明用,並非用來對本發明加以限制者。 In order to further understand the technology, means and effect adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined purpose, please refer to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings of the present invention. For specific understanding, however, the accompanying drawings are only provided for reference and description, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
SAC:交流側 S AC : AC side
SDC:直流側 S DC : DC side
VL1N:第一相電壓 V L1N : first phase voltage
VL2N:第二相電壓 V L2N : second phase voltage
VL3N:第三相電壓 V L3N : third phase voltage
NAC1:第一交流節點 N AC1 : the first AC node
NAC2:第二交流節點 N AC2 : Second AC Node
NAC3:第三交流節點 N AC3 : The third AC node
N:中性節點 N: neutral node
10:開關橋臂組 10: Switch bridge arm group
20:二極體橋臂 20: Diode bridge arm
30:電容組 30: Capacitor bank
40:控制單元 40: Control unit
11:第一開關橋臂 11: The first switch bridge arm
12:第二開關橋臂 12: Second switch bridge arm
13:第三開關橋臂 13: The third switch bridge arm
Q1:第一開關 Q 1 : The first switch
Q2:第二開關 Q 2 : Second switch
Q3:第三開關 Q 3 : The third switch
Q4:第四開關 Q 4 : Fourth switch
Q5:第五開關 Q 5 : Fifth switch
Q6:第六開關 Q 6 : Sixth switch
D1:第一二極體 D 1 : first diode
D2:第二二極體 D 2 : Second diode
C1:第一電容 C 1 : the first capacitor
C2:第二電容 C 2 : second capacitor
N1:第一節點 N 1 : the first node
N2:第二節點 N 2 : second node
N3:第三節點 N 3 : the third node
N4:第四節點 N 4 : Fourth node
N5:第五節點 N 5 : fifth node
RL1:第一切換元件 RL 1 : first switching element
RL2:第二切換元件 RL 2 : second switching element
RL3:第三切換元件 RL 3 : the third switching element
RL4:第四切換元件 RL 4 : Fourth switching element
RL5:第五切換元件 RL 5 : Fifth switching element
RL6:第六切換元件 RL 6 : sixth switching element
RL7:第七切換元件 RL 7 : seventh switching element
RL8:第八切換元件 RL 8 : Eighth switching element
R1:預充電電阻 R 1 : Precharge resistor
L1:第一相電感 L 1 : first phase inductance
L2:第二相電感 L 2 : The second phase inductance
L3:第三相電感 L 3 : The third phase inductance
SCON:控制信號 S CON : Control signal
圖1:係為本發明單相與三相兼容的交流直流轉換電路之電路圖。 Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of the single-phase and three-phase compatible AC-DC conversion circuit of the present invention.
圖2:係為本發明單相與三相兼容的交流直流轉換電路為單相充電操作時之切換元件狀態的電路圖。 FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the state of the switching elements when the single-phase and three-phase compatible AC-DC conversion circuit of the present invention is in single-phase charging operation.
圖3:係為本發明單相與三相兼容的交流直流轉換電路為三相充電操作時之切換元件狀態的電路圖。 FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the state of the switching elements when the single-phase and three-phase compatible AC-DC conversion circuit of the present invention is in a three-phase charging operation.
圖4:係為本發明單相與三相兼容的交流直流轉換電路為放電操作時之切換元件狀態的電路圖。 FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of the state of the switching element when the single-phase and three-phase compatible AC-DC conversion circuit of the present invention is in discharge operation.
圖5:係為本發明單相與三相兼容的交流直流轉換電路為放電操作時之電流路徑的電路圖。 FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of the current path when the single-phase and three-phase compatible AC-DC conversion circuit of the present invention is in discharge operation.
圖6:係為本發明單相與三相兼容的交流直流轉換電路之放電控制方法的流程圖。 FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the discharge control method of the single-phase and three-phase compatible AC-DC conversion circuit of the present invention.
茲有關本發明之技術內容及詳細說明,配合圖式說明如下。 The technical content and detailed description of the present invention are described as follows in conjunction with the drawings.
請參見圖1所示,其係為本發明單相與三相兼容的交流直流轉換電路之電路圖。所述交流直流轉換電路配置於交流側SAC與直流側SDC之間。其中,交流側SAC係以提供一交流電源,例如三相交流電源或單相交流電源,容後 詳述。因此,本發明單相與三相兼容的交流直流轉換電路係為一種單相與三相相(兼)容的交流直流轉換電路。此外,在不同的實施例中,以單相和三相相(兼)容的交流直流轉換電路可為雙向電路架構係為較佳的實施方式,但本發明並不以此為限。 Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a circuit diagram of the single-phase and three-phase compatible AC-DC conversion circuit of the present invention. The AC-DC conversion circuit is configured between the AC side S AC and the DC side S DC . Wherein, the AC side S AC is used to provide an AC power supply, such as a three-phase AC power supply or a single-phase AC power supply, which will be described in detail later. Therefore, the single-phase and three-phase compatible AC-DC conversion circuit of the present invention is a single-phase and three-phase (compatible) AC-DC conversion circuit. In addition, in different embodiments, it is a better implementation that a single-phase and three-phase (compatible) AC-DC conversion circuit can be a bidirectional circuit structure, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
由於交流側SAC可提供三相交流電源與單相交流電源,因此交流側SAC具有第一交流節點NAC1、第二交流節點NAC2、第三交流節點NAC3以及中性節點N。以三相電源為例,三相電源的第一相電壓VL1N配置於第一交流節點NAC1與中性節點N之間,三相電源的第二相電壓VL2N配置於第二交流節點NAC2與中性節點N之間,以及三相電源的第三相電壓VL3N配置於第三交流節點NAC3與中性節點N之間。 Since the AC side S AC can provide three-phase AC power and single-phase AC power, the AC side S AC has a first AC node N AC1 , a second AC node N AC2 , a third AC node N AC3 and a neutral node N. Taking a three-phase power supply as an example, the first phase voltage VL1N of the three-phase power supply is arranged between the first AC node N AC1 and the neutral node N, and the second phase voltage VL2N of the three-phase power supply is arranged at the second AC node N Between AC2 and the neutral node N, and the third phase voltage VL3N of the three-phase power supply is arranged between the third AC node N AC3 and the neutral node N.
單相與三相兼容的交流直流轉換電路包含開關橋臂組10、第四切換元件RL4、第五切換元件RL5、預充電電阻R1、二極體橋臂20、電容組30以及控制單元40。
The single-phase and three-phase compatible AC-DC conversion circuit includes a switch
開關橋臂組10包含三組並聯的開關橋臂,分別為第一開關橋臂11、第二開關橋臂12以及第三開關橋臂13。第一開關橋臂11包含共接於第一節點N1的第一開關Q1與第二開關Q2,且第一節點N1通過第一切換元件RL1耦接第一交流節點NAC1。當第一切換元件RL1導通時,第一節點N1可透過第一相電感L1耦接至第一相電壓VL1N。第二開關橋臂12包含共接於第二節點N2的第三開關Q3與第四開關Q4,且第二節點N2通過第二切換元件RL2耦接第二交流節點NAC2。當第二切換元件RL2導通時,第二節點N2可透過第二相電感L2耦接至第二相電壓VL2N。第三開關橋臂13包含共接於第三節點N3的第五開關Q5與第六開關Q6,且第三節點N3通過第三切換元件RL3耦接第三交流節點NAC3。當第三切換元件RL3導通時,第三節點N3可透過第三相電感L3耦接至第三相電壓VL3N。
The switch
第四切換元件RL4耦接於第一交流節點NAC1與第二節點N2之間,亦即,當第四切換元件RL4導通時,其係搭接(跨接)於三相電源中的第一相迴路與第二相迴路之間。第五切換元件RL5耦接於第一交流節點NAC1與第三節點N3之間,亦即,當第五切換元件RL5導通時,其係搭接(跨接)於三相電源中的第一相迴路與第三相迴路之間。上述切換元件可以使用繼電器來實現。 The fourth switching element RL 4 is coupled between the first AC node N AC1 and the second node N 2 , that is, when the fourth switching element RL 4 is turned on, it is overlapped (cross-connected) in the three-phase power supply between the first phase loop and the second phase loop. The fifth switching element RL 5 is coupled between the first AC node N AC1 and the third node N 3 , that is, when the fifth switching element RL 5 is turned on, it is overlapped (crossed) in the three-phase power supply between the first phase loop and the third phase loop. The above switching element can be implemented using a relay.
預充電電阻R1並聯耦接第一切換元件RL1。當電動載具(例如電動汽車)在充電過程中,交流直流轉換電路扮演將交流側SAC的三相或單相交流電源轉換為在直流側SDC輸出的直流電源供電動載具充電之用。因此,預充電電阻R1在充電操作過程的一開始,例如使用者對電動汽車開始充電時,提供對大電流,例如湧入(湧浪)電流(inrush current)的抑制。本發明對於結束充電後的高電壓累積在直流側SDC的電容所儲存能量進行放電,則利用預充電電阻R1作為提供放電路徑的元件,因此所述預充電電阻R1在放電過程中係扮演放電電阻的效用,即在放電的操作中,不增設額外的電路元件,以預充電(pre-charge)過程中既有的電路架構,來實現對電容的儲存能量進行放電。至於預充電電阻R1操作的詳述,容後說明。 The pre-charging resistor R 1 is coupled to the first switching element RL 1 in parallel. When the electric vehicle (such as an electric vehicle) is in the charging process, the AC-DC conversion circuit plays the role of converting the three-phase or single-phase AC power of the AC side S AC to the DC power output at the DC side S DC to charge the electric vehicle. . Therefore, the pre-charging resistor R1 provides suppression of large currents, such as inrush currents, at the beginning of a charging operation, such as when a user starts charging an electric vehicle. The present invention discharges the energy stored in the capacitor of the DC side S DC after the high voltage is accumulated after charging, and the pre-charging resistor R 1 is used as a component for providing a discharge path, so the pre-charging resistor R 1 is not in the discharge process. It plays the role of a discharge resistor, that is, during the discharge operation, no additional circuit elements are added, and the existing circuit structure in the pre-charge process is used to discharge the stored energy of the capacitor. As for the detailed description of the operation of the precharge resistor R1, it will be described later.
二極體橋臂20並聯耦接開關橋臂組10。在本實施例中,二極體橋臂20包含第一二極體D1與串聯耦接第一二極體D1於第四節點N4的第二二極體D2。在不同耐流的應用中,二極體橋臂20的每個二極體亦可使用多個二極體並聯,因此不以圖1所示的二極體橋臂20為限制。
The
電容組30並聯耦接二極體橋臂20,以形成直流側SDC。在本實施例中,電容組30包含第一電容C1與串聯耦接第一電容C1於第五節點N5的第二電容C2。在電動載具充電的應用,電容組30係用以將交流直流轉換電路對三相或單相交流電源轉換所得到的直流電源儲存,使直流側SDC輸出的直流電源供下一級轉換電路使用,以對電動載具的電池充電之用。
The
控制單元40係提供控制信號SCON。由於開關橋臂11,12,13的開關Q1~Q6以及切換元件RL1~RL8的導通與斷開皆由控制單元40所控制,因此,所示的控制信號SCON係包含複數個分別對應控制開關Q1~Q6與切換元件RL1~RL8的信號,合先敘明。
The
此外,單相與三相兼容的交流直流轉換電路更包含第六切換元件RL6與第七切換元件RL7。其中,第六切換元件RL6的一端耦接二極體橋臂20,另一端與第七切換元件RL7耦接於中性節點N。因應本發明為單相與三相相(兼)容的交流直流轉換電路,因此第六切換元件RL6與第七切換元件RL7用以對應單相與三相供電時的控制之用,亦即,當交流側SAC為單相交流電源供電,則控制第六切換元件RL6導通(可參見圖2所示),又或當交流側SAC為三相交流電源供電,則控制第七切換元件RL7導通(可參見圖3所示),容後詳述。
In addition, the single-phase and three-phase compatible AC-DC conversion circuit further includes a sixth switching element RL 6 and a seventh switching element RL 7 . One end of the sixth switching element RL6 is coupled to the
此外,單相與三相兼容的交流直流轉換電路更包含第八切換元件RL8。其中,第八切換元件RL8串聯耦接預充電電阻R1,形成串聯結構,且串聯結構並聯耦接第一切換元件RL1。透過設置第八切換元件RL8,可進一步達到確實切離預充電電阻R1的目的,然而,第八切換元件RL8亦可省略。 In addition, the single-phase and three-phase compatible AC-DC conversion circuit further includes an eighth switching element RL 8 . The eighth switching element RL 8 is coupled to the pre-charging resistor R 1 in series to form a series structure, and the series structure is coupled to the first switching element RL 1 in parallel. By arranging the eighth switching element RL 8 , the purpose of disconnecting the pre-charging resistor R 1 can be further achieved. However, the eighth switching element RL 8 can also be omitted.
本發明之技術特色在於藉由所提出的交流直流轉換電路與控制方法,可完成單相與三相兼容充電,且不需要額外增加電路元件,僅使用車載充電器內部電路功率開關元件搭配預充電電阻R1,即可實現主動式放電之功能,此外,為預防功率開關元件瞬間導通所產生之大電流對自身元件以及預充電電阻R1造成損壞,因此導入切換式技術(switching technique)進行改良,以控制脈衝寬度調變(pulse width modulation,PWM)適時最佳化,調整功率開關元件的責任週期(duty cycle),即導通與截止時間之比例,如此不僅能夠有效地降低功率開關元件電流應力,亦能夠提高功率開關元件耐受度與系統可靠度。 The technical feature of the present invention is that with the proposed AC-DC conversion circuit and control method, single-phase and three-phase compatible charging can be completed without additional circuit elements, and only the on-board charger internal circuit power switch elements are used for pre-charging The resistor R 1 can realize the function of active discharge. In addition, in order to prevent the high current generated by the instantaneous conduction of the power switch element from causing damage to its own element and the pre-charging resistor R 1 , a switching technique is introduced for improvement. , in order to control the pulse width modulation (PWM) to optimize in time and adjust the duty cycle of the power switch element, that is, the ratio of the on and off time, which can not only effectively reduce the current stress of the power switch element , and can also improve the tolerance of power switching components and system reliability.
車載充電器運行時,依據充電樁輸入端條件可劃分為單相、三相電路操作。請參見圖2所示,其係為本發明單相與三相兼容的交流直流轉換電路為單相充電操作時之切換元件狀態的電路圖。當交流輸入為單相電壓情況時,交流輸入僅會有兩個端子,舉例來說,以第一相電壓VL1N為供電電壓為例,第一切換元件RL1、第四切換元件RL4、第五切換元件RL5以及第六切換元件RL6轉換為導通(turned-on)狀態(其餘切換元件為斷開(turned-off)狀態),如此,使得僅第一相電壓VL1N通過交流直流轉換電路,開關橋臂組10的每一個開關橋臂與二極體橋臂20形成圖騰式功率因數校正(totem pole PFC)電路,實現能量傳遞之功能。因此,雖然交流輸入為單相電壓,但藉由第四切換元件RL4和第五切換元件RL5的導通,可使用開關橋臂組10的三組並聯的開關橋臂(即第一開關橋臂11、第二開關橋臂12以及第三開關橋臂13)共同耦接第一相電壓VL1N,三組並聯的開關橋臂皆參與脈衝寬度調變控制的操作,而並聯的橋臂還可以進一步使用錯相控制(interleaved Control)。因此,避免橋臂閒置而可以提高輸出功率。值得一提,第五切換元件RL5可視實際功率需求而省略,換句話說,第三開關橋臂13可以不用參與操作。
When the on-board charger is running, it can be divided into single-phase and three-phase circuit operation according to the input terminal conditions of the charging pile. Please refer to FIG. 2 , which is a circuit diagram of the state of the switching element when the single-phase and three-phase compatible AC-DC conversion circuit of the present invention is in single-phase charging operation. When the AC input is a single-phase voltage, the AC input has only two terminals. For example, taking the first phase voltage V L1N as the power supply voltage as an example, the first switching element RL 1 , the fourth switching element RL 4 , The fifth switching element RL 5 and the sixth switching element RL 6 are switched to a turned-on state (the remaining switching elements are turned-off states), so that only the first phase voltage V L1N passes through the AC and DC In the conversion circuit, each switch bridge arm of the switch
請參見圖3所示,其係為本發明單相與三相兼容的交流直流轉換電路為三相充電操作時之切換元件狀態的電路圖。當交流輸入為三相電壓情況時,第一切換元件RL1、第二切換元件RL2、第三切換元件RL3、以及第七切換元件RL7轉換為導通狀態(其餘切換元件為斷開狀態),如此,第一相電壓VL1N、第二相電壓VL2N、第三相電壓VL3N均通過交流直流轉換電路,開關橋臂組10與電容組30形成半橋式功率因數校正(half bridge PFC)電路拓樸運作,實現能量傳遞之功能。
Please refer to FIG. 3 , which is a circuit diagram of the state of the switching elements when the single-phase and three-phase compatible AC-DC conversion circuit of the present invention is in a three-phase charging operation. When the AC input is a three-phase voltage condition, the first switching element RL 1 , the second switching element RL 2 , the third switching element RL 3 , and the seventh switching element RL 7 are switched to an on state (the rest of the switching elements are in an off state) ), in this way, the first-phase voltage VL1N , the second-phase voltage VL2N , and the third-phase voltage VL3N all pass through the AC-DC conversion circuit, and the switch
無論交流輸入是單相、三相之電路操作,在車載充電器停止充電的運作時,功率電容(即電容組30的第一電容C1與第二電容C2)內仍存有能量。 基於考量到使用人員與維修技師之操作安全性,仍需要提供一放電路徑,才能釋放此能量。因此,承如前述記載,利用原本車載充電器內部電路功率開關元件搭配預充電電阻R1以實現主動式放電之功能,依以下步驟說明放電操作之技術方案。 Regardless of whether the AC input is a single-phase or three-phase circuit operation, when the vehicle charger stops charging, the power capacitors (ie, the first capacitor C 1 and the second capacitor C 2 of the capacitor bank 30 ) still have energy. Considering the operational safety of users and maintenance technicians, it is still necessary to provide a discharge path in order to release this energy. Therefore, according to the above description, the original on-board charger internal circuit power switch element and the pre-charging resistor R 1 are used to realize the function of active discharge, and the technical solution of the discharge operation is described in the following steps.
首先,當車載充電器停止充電的運作時,此時第一相電壓VL1N、第二相電壓VL2N、第三相電壓VL3N為空接情況,且所有切換元件返回至斷開狀態,如圖1所示。 First, when the on-board charger stops charging, the first phase voltage V L1N , the second phase voltage V L2N , and the third phase voltage V L3N are disconnected, and all switching elements return to the disconnected state, such as Figure 1.
然後,為建立功率電容(第一電容C1與第二電容C2)之能量釋放路徑,使第八切換元件RL8與第四切換元件RL4轉換至導通狀態,並等待啟動放電操作。如圖4所示,其係為本發明單相與三相兼容的交流直流轉換電路為放電操作時之切換元件狀態的電路圖。 Then, in order to establish an energy release path for the power capacitors (the first capacitor C 1 and the second capacitor C 2 ), the eighth switching element RL 8 and the fourth switching element RL 4 are switched to the conducting state and wait for the discharge operation to be started. As shown in FIG. 4 , it is a circuit diagram of the state of the switching element when the single-phase and three-phase compatible AC-DC conversion circuit of the present invention is in discharge operation.
然後,啟動放電操作,如圖5所示,其係為本發明單相與三相兼容的交流直流轉換電路為放電操作時之電流路徑的電路圖。此時,第八切換元件RL8與第四切換元件RL4維持導通狀態,且第一開關橋臂11的第一開關Q1與第二開關橋臂12的第四開關Q4轉換為導通狀態。進一步地,可透過脈衝寬度調變(pulse width modulation,PWM)適時改變/調整功率開關元件的責任週期(duty cycle),即可使功率電容(第一電容C1與第二電容C2)對預充電電阻R1進行放電。其中,放電路徑如圖5繪示的箭頭方向所示,亦即,電容組30進行放電的放電路徑控制係由控制單元40控制第四切換元件RL4、第八切換元件RL8、第一開關Q1以及第四開關Q4導通所實現,因此由電容組30放電的路徑會經由第一開關Q1、第八切換元件RL8、預充電電阻R1、第四切換元件RL4以及第四開關Q4。其中,第八切換元件RL8也可以省略並以短路替代,因此放電路徑則不包含第八切換元件RL8。透過責任週期比例與開關的切換頻率(switching frequency)的控制,皆會直接
影響放電電流之大小,因此,可透過對責任週期比例與開關的切換頻率的控制,達到對放電電流的抑制。
Then, the discharge operation is started, as shown in FIG. 5 , which is a circuit diagram of the current path of the single-phase and three-phase compatible AC-DC conversion circuit of the present invention when the discharge operation is performed. At this time, the eighth switching element RL 8 and the fourth switching element RL 4 maintain the conducting state, and the first switch Q 1 of the first
最後,當功率電容(第一電容C1與第二電容C2)之電壓放電至安全電壓值域(或稱安全工作區,safe operating area(SOA))時,結束主動式開關調變策略。因此,第一開關Q1與第四開關Q4維持斷開狀態,並且所有切換元件(包括第八切換元件RL8與第四切換元件RL4)轉換為斷開狀態,因此整個電路的開關、切換元件狀態,則如圖1所示,功率電容之電壓緩慢持續放電。 Finally, when the voltages of the power capacitors (the first capacitor C 1 and the second capacitor C 2 ) are discharged to a safe voltage range (or safe operating area (SOA)), the active switching modulation strategy is terminated. Therefore, the first switch Q 1 and the fourth switch Q 4 maintain the off state, and all the switching elements (including the eighth switching element RL 8 and the fourth switching element RL 4 ) are switched to the off state, so the switches of the entire circuit, Switch the state of the device, as shown in Figure 1, the voltage of the power capacitor is slowly and continuously discharged.
附帶一提,前揭交流直流轉換電路僅為一種實施方式,並非每一個元件都必須存在,因為電源轉換電路是可以有不同實施態樣的。以圖1為例說明,當單相操作不需要太大的功率應用時,第五切換元件RL5可以省略。或者,二極體橋臂20、第六切換元件RL6及第七切換元件RL7也可以省略,第五節點N5直接連接中性節點N,使單相操作與三相操作皆使用半橋式功率因數校正電路拓樸運作,其中,單相操作將交流相連接兩個橋臂,而三相操作將每一相連接對應的橋臂。因此,本發明主要精神是利用切換元件達成兼容單相和三相交流輸入的充電操作,且於充電結束後,利用橋臂的開關、切換元件和預充電電阻形成放電迴路對電容放電,只要能達到此目的,並不限制僅能使用前揭交流直流轉換電路。
Incidentally, the aforementioned AC-DC conversion circuit is only one embodiment, and not every element must be present, because the power conversion circuit can have different implementations. Taking FIG. 1 as an example, when the single-phase operation does not require much power application, the fifth switching element RL 5 can be omitted. Alternatively, the
請參見圖6所示,其係為本發明單相與三相兼容的交流直流轉換電路之放電控制方法的流程圖。本發明所揭示的一種單相與三相兼容的交流直流轉換電路之充放電控制方法,交流直流轉換電路接收交流電源。交流直流轉換電路包含:三組開關橋臂、第四切換元件、預充電電阻以及電容組。各開關橋臂包含串聯的上開關與下開關。該等上開關與對應該等下開關的複數共接點分別透過第一切換元件、第二切換元件以及第三切換元件耦接交流電源。第四切換元 件耦接於交流電源的第一相與對應交流電源的第二相的開關橋臂的共接點之間。預充電電阻並聯耦接第一切換元件。電容組並聯耦接各開關橋臂。 Please refer to FIG. 6 , which is a flow chart of the discharge control method of the single-phase and three-phase compatible AC-DC conversion circuit of the present invention. The invention discloses a charging and discharging control method of a single-phase and three-phase compatible AC-DC converting circuit, wherein the AC-DC converting circuit receives AC power. The AC-DC conversion circuit includes: three groups of switching bridge arms, a fourth switching element, a pre-charging resistor and a capacitor group. Each switch bridge arm includes an upper switch and a lower switch connected in series. The upper switches and the plurality of common contacts corresponding to the lower switches are respectively coupled to the AC power source through the first switching element, the second switching element and the third switching element. fourth switching element The element is coupled between the first phase of the AC power supply and the common contact of the switch bridge arms corresponding to the second phase of the AC power supply. The pre-charging resistor is coupled in parallel with the first switching element. The capacitor group is coupled to each switch bridge arm in parallel.
放電控制方法包含步驟如下。首先,交流電源以單相或三相的方式對電容組充電(S11)。然後,當判斷電容組欲進行放電時,控制第四切換元件導通(S12)。然後,控制耦接第一切換元件的開關橋臂的上開關導通、控制耦接第四切換元件的開關橋臂的下開關導通以提供放電路徑(S13)。然後,電容組透過放電路徑上的預充電電阻放電(S14)。 The discharge control method includes the following steps. First, the AC power source charges the capacitor bank in a single-phase or three-phase manner (S11). Then, when it is determined that the capacitor group is about to discharge, the fourth switching element is controlled to be turned on (S12). Then, the upper switch of the switching bridge arm coupled to the first switching element is controlled to be turned on, and the lower switch of the switching bridge arm coupled to the fourth switching element is controlled to be turned on to provide a discharge path ( S13 ). Then, the capacitor bank is discharged through the precharge resistor on the discharge path (S14).
附帶一提,本發明所提供的放電控制方法,可相對應前揭單相與三相兼容的交流直流轉換電路的操作,因此,控制方法的具體與細節可參見相應的說明書內容,在此不再多加贅述。 Incidentally, the discharge control method provided by the present invention can correspond to the operation of the AC-DC conversion circuit that is compatible with single-phase and three-phase. Therefore, the specifics and details of the control method can be found in the corresponding description. More to say.
綜上所述,本發明係具有以下之特徵與優點: To sum up, the present invention has the following features and advantages:
1、利用充電操作既有的預充電電路架構,僅使用原本功率開關元件搭配預充電電阻R1,即可實現主動式放電之功能,因此無需增加額外元件,如此可節省電路成本與縮減電路尺寸。 1. Using the existing pre-charge circuit structure for charging operation, only the original power switch element and the pre-charge resistor R 1 are used to realize the function of active discharge, so there is no need to add additional components, which can save the circuit cost and reduce the circuit size .
2、車載充電器內部電路功率開關元件搭配預充電電阻R1,可快速地將功率電容(第一電容C1與第二電容C2)之電壓放電至安全電壓值域,以提高使用人員與維修技師之操作安全性。 2. The power switch element in the internal circuit of the on-board charger is matched with the pre-charging resistor R 1 , which can quickly discharge the voltage of the power capacitor (the first capacitor C 1 and the second capacitor C 2 ) to a safe voltage range, so as to improve the safety of the user and the user. Operational safety for maintenance technicians.
3、為預防功率開關元件瞬間導通所產生之大電流對自身元件以及預充電電阻造成損壞,因此導入切換式技術進行改良,以控制脈衝寬度調變(pulse width modulation,PWM)適時最佳化,調整功率開關元件的責任週期(duty cycle),即導通與截止時間之比例,如此不僅能夠有效地降低功率開關元件電流應力,亦能夠提高功率開關元件耐受度與系統可靠度。 3. In order to prevent the large current generated by the instantaneous conduction of the power switching element from causing damage to its own elements and pre-charging resistors, the switching technology is introduced to improve it to control the timely optimization of pulse width modulation (PWM). Adjusting the duty cycle of the power switch element, that is, the ratio of the turn-on and turn-off time, can not only effectively reduce the current stress of the power switch element, but also improve the power switch element tolerance and system reliability.
以上所述,僅為本發明較佳具體實施例之詳細說明與圖式,惟本發明之特徵並不侷限於此,並非用以限制本發明,本發明之所有範圍應以下述之 申請專利範圍為準,凡合於本發明申請專利範圍之精神與其類似變化之實施例,皆應包含於本發明之範疇中,任何熟悉該項技藝者在本發明之領域內,可輕易思及之變化或修飾皆可涵蓋在以下本案之專利範圍。 The above descriptions are only detailed descriptions and drawings of preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the features of the present invention are not limited thereto, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The entire scope of the present invention should be defined as follows: The scope of the patent application shall prevail. All the embodiments that are in line with the spirit of the scope of the patent application of the present invention and similar variations thereof shall be included in the scope of the present invention. Changes or modifications can be covered by the following patent scope of this case.
SAC:交流側 S AC : AC side
SDC:直流側 S DC : DC side
VL1N:第一相電壓 V L1N : first phase voltage
VL2N:第二相電壓 V L2N : second phase voltage
VL3N:第三相電壓 V L3N : third phase voltage
NAC1:第一交流節點 N AC1 : the first AC node
NAC2:第二交流節點 N AC2 : Second AC Node
NAC3:第三交流節點 N AC3 : The third AC node
N:中性節點 N: neutral node
10:開關橋臂組 10: Switch bridge arm group
20:二極體橋臂 20: Diode bridge arm
30:電容組 30: Capacitor bank
40:控制單元 40: Control unit
11:第一開關橋臂 11: The first switch bridge arm
12:第二開關橋臂 12: Second switch bridge arm
13:第三開關橋臂 13: The third switch bridge arm
Q1:第一開關 Q 1 : The first switch
Q2:第二開關 Q 2 : Second switch
Q3:第三開關 Q 3 : The third switch
Q4:第四開關 Q 4 : Fourth switch
Q5:第五開關 Q 5 : Fifth switch
Q6:第六開關 Q 6 : Sixth switch
D1:第一二極體 D 1 : first diode
D2:第二二極體 D 2 : Second diode
C1:第一電容 C 1 : the first capacitor
C2:第二電容 C 2 : second capacitor
N1:第一節點 N 1 : the first node
N2:第二節點 N 2 : second node
N3:第三節點 N 3 : the third node
N4:第四節點 N 4 : Fourth node
N5:第五節點 N 5 : fifth node
RL1:第一切換元件 RL 1 : first switching element
RL2:第二切換元件 RL 2 : second switching element
RL3:第三切換元件 RL 3 : the third switching element
RL4:第四切換元件 RL 4 : Fourth switching element
RL5:第五切換元件 RL 5 : Fifth switching element
RL6:第六切換元件 RL 6 : sixth switching element
RL7:第七切換元件 RL 7 : seventh switching element
RL8:第八切換元件 RL 8 : Eighth switching element
R1:預充電電阻 R 1 : Precharge resistor
L1:第一相電感 L 1 : first phase inductance
L2:第二相電感 L 2 : The second phase inductance
L3:第三相電感 L 3 : The third phase inductance
SCON:控制信號 S CON : Control signal
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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TW201131927A (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2011-09-16 | Kyosan Electric Mfg | Unbalanced voltage compensation method, unbalanced voltage compensator, three-phase converter control method, and controller of three-phase converter |
CN109861357A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2019-06-07 | 台达电子工业股份有限公司 | Charging/discharging thereof and device |
CN110460140A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-11-15 | 台达电子企业管理(上海)有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted charge-discharge system |
TW202002479A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2020-01-01 | 日商三菱電機股份有限公司 | Convertor and motor control device |
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Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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TW201131927A (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2011-09-16 | Kyosan Electric Mfg | Unbalanced voltage compensation method, unbalanced voltage compensator, three-phase converter control method, and controller of three-phase converter |
TW202002479A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2020-01-01 | 日商三菱電機股份有限公司 | Convertor and motor control device |
CN109861357A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2019-06-07 | 台达电子工业股份有限公司 | Charging/discharging thereof and device |
CN110460140A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-11-15 | 台达电子企业管理(上海)有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted charge-discharge system |
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