TWI774420B - Water-based lubricating grease compositions and methods for using the same - Google Patents
Water-based lubricating grease compositions and methods for using the same Download PDFInfo
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- TWI774420B TWI774420B TW110121618A TW110121618A TWI774420B TW I774420 B TWI774420 B TW I774420B TW 110121618 A TW110121618 A TW 110121618A TW 110121618 A TW110121618 A TW 110121618A TW I774420 B TWI774420 B TW I774420B
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- based grease
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
- C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
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Abstract
Description
本技術大體上係關於潤滑脂,且特定言之係關於包括兩種或更多種增稠劑之水基潤滑脂,及用於產生此等潤滑脂之方法。The present technology relates generally to greases, and in particular to water-based greases that include two or more thickeners, and methods for producing such greases.
水基潤滑脂係烴油基潤滑脂之具有吸引力之替代物,因為水係吾人星球上最豐富之自然資源之一(吾人地球表面之71%由水覆蓋)。水不僅豐富,且其亦無毒,且在缺乏水之情況下生命無法存在。水亦可通過水循環而可回收,且水係有機燃料燃燒之副產物。同樣,水比油冷卻地快得多,此容許使用水基潤滑脂來冷卻表面金屬並同時使其潤滑。此外,水基潤滑脂可用於各種應用中,包括農業、林業、海洋、食品級加工、工業、軋鋼廠及高溫應用。Water-based greases are attractive alternatives to hydrocarbon oil-based greases because water is one of the most abundant natural resources on our planet (71% of our planet's surface is covered by water). Not only is water abundant, but it is also non-toxic, and life cannot exist without it. Water can also be recovered through the water cycle, and water is a by-product of the combustion of organic fuels. Also, water cools much faster than oil, which allows the use of water-based greases to cool surface metals and lubricate them at the same time. In addition, water-based greases can be used in a variety of applications, including agricultural, forestry, marine, food-grade processing, industrial, rolling mills, and high temperature applications.
然而,水基潤滑脂具有若干缺點。在潤滑脂中使用水之主要缺點之一係此等潤滑脂之工作溫度範圍有限(32至212℉/0至100℃),因為該潤滑脂無法在超過水之沸點,或低於水之冰點之情況下使用。使用水作為潤滑脂之基質之第二缺點係水可對潤滑金屬具有腐蝕效應。另外,水基潤滑脂趨於與水基組分中之微生物生長相關聯。因此,存在對解決此等缺點之水基潤滑脂之需求。However, water-based greases have several disadvantages. One of the main disadvantages of using water in greases is that these greases have a limited operating temperature range (32 to 212°F/0 to 100°C) because the grease cannot operate above the boiling point of water, or below the freezing point of water used in the case. A second disadvantage of using water as a base for greases is that water can have a corrosive effect on lubricating metals. Additionally, water-based greases tend to be associated with microbial growth in water-based components. Therefore, there is a need for a water-based grease that addresses these shortcomings.
在一項態樣中,水基潤滑脂組合物包括至少40重量%水、鹽基增稠劑及聚合物基增稠劑。In one aspect, the water-based grease composition includes at least 40% by weight water, a salt-based thickener, and a polymer-based thickener.
在一些實施例中,組合物進一步包括無機固體基增稠劑。在一些實施例中,該組合物可包括約0.1重量%至約20重量%之該無機固體基增稠劑。在一些實施例中,該組合物可包括約1重量%至約15重量%之該無機固體基增稠劑。In some embodiments, the composition further includes an inorganic solid-based thickener. In some embodiments, the composition may include from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the inorganic solid-based thickener. In some embodiments, the composition may include from about 1% to about 15% by weight of the inorganic solid-based thickener.
在一些實施例中,組合物包括至少60重量%水。在一些實施例中,該組合物包括約40重量%至約90重量%水或60重量%至約90重量%水。In some embodiments, the composition includes at least 60% by weight water. In some embodiments, the composition includes from about 40% to about 90% by weight water or from 60% to about 90% by weight water.
在一些實施例中,組合物包括約0.1重量%至約30重量%之鹽基增稠劑。在一些實施例中,該組合物包括約1重量%至約20重量%之該鹽基增稠劑。In some embodiments, the composition includes from about 0.1% to about 30% by weight of a salt-based thickener. In some embodiments, the composition includes from about 1% to about 20% by weight of the salt-based thickener.
在一些實施例中,組合物包括約0.1重量%至約15重量%之聚合物基增稠劑。在一些實施例中,該組合物包括約1重量%至約10重量%之該聚合物基增稠劑。In some embodiments, the composition includes from about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of a polymer-based thickener. In some embodiments, the composition includes from about 1% to about 10% by weight of the polymer-based thickener.
在一些實施例中,組合物包括約0.5重量%至約30重量%之總增稠劑。在一些實施例中,該組合物包括約1重量%至約20重量%之總增稠劑。In some embodiments, the composition includes from about 0.5% to about 30% by weight of total thickeners. In some embodiments, the composition includes from about 1% to about 20% by weight of total thickeners.
在一些實施例中,鹽基增稠劑包括鈉、鉀、鈣或鎂之鹽。在一些實施例中,該鹽基增稠劑包括C8 至C32 脂肪酸、二羧酸、羥基脂肪酸或氫化蓖麻油之鉀、鈉、鈣或鎂鹽。在一些實施例中,該羥基脂肪酸係12-羥基硬脂酸。In some embodiments, salt-based thickeners include sodium, potassium, calcium, or magnesium salts. In some embodiments, the salt -based thickener includes potassium, sodium, calcium, or magnesium salts of C8 to C32 fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids, hydroxy fatty acids, or hydrogenated castor oil. In some embodiments, the hydroxy fatty acid is 12-hydroxystearic acid.
在一些實施例中,聚合物基增稠劑包括天然生成之聚合物或合成聚合物。在一些實施例中,該聚合物基增稠劑包括羧甲基纖維素或羧乙基纖維素,或其鹽或衍生物。在一些實施例中,該聚合物基增稠劑包括明膠、瓊脂、樺腦(betulin)、多醣、水溶性蛋白質、木質素、木質素磺酸鹽,或其衍生物。在一些實施例中,該聚合物基增稠劑包括聚乙二醇、聚烷二醇、聚醯胺,或其衍生物。In some embodiments, polymer-based thickeners include naturally occurring polymers or synthetic polymers. In some embodiments, the polymer-based thickener includes carboxymethyl cellulose or carboxyethyl cellulose, or a salt or derivative thereof. In some embodiments, the polymer-based thickener includes gelatin, agar, betulin, polysaccharides, water-soluble proteins, lignin, lignosulfonates, or derivatives thereof. In some embodiments, the polymer-based thickener includes polyethylene glycols, polyalkylene glycols, polyamides, or derivatives thereof.
在一些實施例中,固體無機基增稠劑包括發煙二氧化矽、矽烷化發煙二氧化矽、疏水化發煙二氧化矽、膨潤土、黏土,或其衍生物。In some embodiments, the solid inorganic-based thickener includes fumed silica, silylated fumed silica, hydrophobized fumed silica, bentonite, clay, or derivatives thereof.
在一些實施例中,組合物進一步包括一或多種添加劑,該等添加劑可包括水溶性抑蝕劑、抗磨及負荷承載能力增強添加劑、水混溶性沸點提升劑、冰點抑制劑,及其任何兩種或更多種之混合物。在一些實施例中,該組合物進一步包括水溶性抑蝕劑。在一些實施例中,該水溶性抑蝕劑包括磺酸之金屬鹽、C8 至C32 脂肪酸之金屬鹽、亞硝酸鹽、烷醇胺、胺鹽、咪唑啉、醯胺,或其組合。In some embodiments, the composition further includes one or more additives, which can include water-soluble corrosion inhibitors, antiwear and load-carrying capacity enhancing additives, water-miscible boiling point elevating agents, freezing point depressants, and any two thereof a mixture of one or more. In some embodiments, the composition further includes a water-soluble corrosion inhibitor. In some embodiments, the water -soluble corrosion inhibitor includes metal salts of sulfonic acids, metal salts of C8 to C32 fatty acids, nitrites, alkanolamines, amine salts, imidazolines, amides, or combinations thereof.
在一些實施例中,該組合物進一步包括抗磨及負荷承載能力增強添加劑,該等添加劑可包括二硫代胺基甲酸鉬、二硫代磷酸鉬、二硫化鉬、二烷基二硫代磷酸鋅或過鹼性磺酸鈣。在一些實施例中,該組合物亦可包括水混溶性沸點提升劑及冰點抑制劑,其包括乙二醇、聚乙二醇、甘油、丙二醇、鹼土金屬鹽及檸檬酸,其鹽或組合。In some embodiments, the composition further includes antiwear and load bearing capacity enhancing additives, which may include molybdenum dithiocarbamate, molybdenum dithiophosphate, molybdenum disulfide, dialkyldithiophosphoric acid Zinc or overbased calcium sulfonate. In some embodiments, the composition may also include water-miscible boiling point elevating agents and freezing point depressants, including ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerol, propylene glycol, alkaline earth metal salts, and citric acid, salts or combinations thereof.
在一些實施例中,組合物係高溫耐火潤滑脂。在一些實施例中,該組合物在經受直接火焰及或火花時不著火。在一些實施例中,該高溫係超過烴礦物油或烴合成油基潤滑脂之閃點及/或高於500℉之溫度。In some embodiments, the composition is a high temperature refractory grease. In some embodiments, the composition does not ignite when subjected to direct flame and/or sparks. In some embodiments, the high temperature is a temperature above the flash point of the hydrocarbon mineral oil or hydrocarbon synthetic oil based grease and/or above 500°F.
在一些實施例中,組合物係用於電動車輛之潤滑劑,因此高度期望有導電性。在一些實施例中,該組合物具有導電性,其防止烴基潤滑脂中出現放電電流且可由於火花而損壞軸承。In some embodiments, the composition is a lubricant for an electric vehicle, and thus conductivity is highly desirable. In some embodiments, the composition is electrically conductive, which prevents discharge currents in hydrocarbon-based greases that can damage bearings due to sparks.
在一些實施例中,組合物係食品安全及/或用於食品加工機械中。在一些實施例中,該組合物符合食品安全潤滑劑之NSF H1規定及飲用水系統潤滑劑之NSF標準61。In some embodiments, the compositions are food safe and/or used in food processing machinery. In some embodiments, the composition complies with NSF H1 regulations for food safe lubricants and NSF Standard 61 for drinking water system lubricants.
在一些實施例中,組合物係環境友好且可生物降解的。在一些實施例中,根據OECD 301B生物降解性測試方法標準,該組合物中之非水組分於28天內可生物降解超過65%。In some embodiments, the compositions are environmentally friendly and biodegradable. In some embodiments, the non-aqueous components of the composition are more than 65% biodegradable within 28 days according to the OECD 301B Biodegradability Test Method Standard.
在一些實施例中,組合物係用於農業機械設備、林業設備、鐵路彎道及法蘭側軌,及/或當使用烴基潤滑脂時,水生生物正處於危險中之海洋應用之潤滑劑。In some embodiments, the compositions are lubricants for agricultural machinery equipment, forestry equipment, railroad bends and flanged side rails, and/or marine applications where aquatic organisms are at risk when hydrocarbon-based greases are used.
在一項態樣中係一種用於製備本文描述之水基潤滑脂組合物中任一者之方法,該方法包括: 摻合適宜量之水與鹽基增稠劑以提供增稠之水基潤滑脂,其中該鹽基增稠劑係獲自使鹼與脂肪接觸;及 將聚合物基增稠劑添加至該增稠之水基潤滑脂。In one aspect is a method for preparing any of the water-based grease compositions described herein, the method comprising: blending a suitable amount of water with a salt-based thickener to provide a thickened water-based grease, wherein the salt-based thickener is obtained from contacting a base with a fat; and A polymer based thickener is added to the thickened water based grease.
在一些實施例中,方法進一步包括添加無機固體基增稠劑。在一些實施例中,該方法進一步包括添加一或多種添加劑。In some embodiments, the method further includes adding an inorganic solid-based thickener. In some embodiments, the method further includes adding one or more additives.
相關申請案之交叉參考Cross-references to related applications
本申請案主張對2020年6月15日申請之美國臨時申請案號63/039,018之優先權之權益,其全部內容係以引用之方式併入本文中。This application claims the benefit of priority to US Provisional Application No. 63/039,018, filed June 15, 2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
下文中描述各種實施例。應注意,特定實施例無意作為詳盡描述或限制本文討論之更廣泛態樣。結合一特定實施例描述之一項態樣未必僅限於該實施例且可與任何其他實施例一起實踐。 水基潤滑脂組合物Various embodiments are described below. It should be noted that the specific embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the broader aspects of the discussion herein. An aspect described in connection with a particular embodiment is not necessarily limited to that embodiment and may be practiced with any other embodiment. water based grease composition
本文描述適用於各種應用中之水基潤滑脂,包括農業機械、林業、海洋及水路機械、食品級加工機械潤滑劑、工業機械、軋鋼廠及高溫應用。本文描述之水基潤滑脂組合物包括增稠劑,諸如鹽基增稠劑、聚合物基增稠劑及無機固體基增稠劑。在一些實施例中,該等增稠劑協同作用以增稠該潤滑脂。在一些實施例中,該等增稠劑在使用期間最小化水蒸發。This article describes water-based greases suitable for use in a variety of applications, including agricultural machinery, forestry, marine and waterway machinery, food-grade process machinery lubricants, industrial machinery, rolling mills, and high temperature applications. The water-based grease compositions described herein include thickeners such as salt-based thickeners, polymer-based thickeners, and inorganic solid-based thickeners. In some embodiments, the thickeners act synergistically to thicken the grease. In some embodiments, the thickeners minimize water evaporation during use.
本文描述之水基潤滑脂係可再生且可持續潤滑脂。水非溫室物質,且其不引起臭氧消耗。水係充滿我們星球之可再生物質。因為本文之水基潤滑脂含有水作為主要組分,所以此等潤滑脂視為可持續潤滑劑。可持續潤滑在此關於由基於可再生資源之化合物構成之潤滑劑定義。本文之水基潤滑脂組合物可利用其他天然且可再生物質,諸如本文描述之增稠劑及添加劑。The water-based greases described herein are renewable and sustainable greases. Water is not a greenhouse substance and it does not cause ozone depletion. The water system is filled with the renewable material of our planet. Because the water-based greases herein contain water as a major component, these greases are considered sustainable lubricants. Sustainable lubrication is defined herein with respect to lubricants composed of compounds based on renewable resources. The water-based grease compositions herein may utilize other natural and renewable materials, such as the thickeners and additives described herein.
本文描述之水基潤滑脂具有優於烴油基潤滑脂之下列技術優勢中之一或多者。由於添加發揮作用以提高水沸點之增稠劑或添加劑,且最重要地,透過氫鍵結捕獲水以減少高溫下之水蒸發,因此本文描述之水基潤滑脂可以低水蒸發在相對高溫度下使用間歇性時間期。提高水沸點之相同增稠劑或添加劑亦降低水冰點,容許該水基潤滑脂在比水冰點低得多之溫度下操作。因此,該等增稠劑及添加劑共同作用以擴大該水基潤滑脂(該等增稠劑及添加劑係水基潤滑脂之一部分)之可行範圍。The water-based greases described herein have one or more of the following technical advantages over hydrocarbon oil-based greases. The water-based greases described herein can provide low water evaporation at relatively high temperatures due to the addition of thickeners or additives that act to increase the boiling point of water, and most importantly, trap water through hydrogen bonding to reduce water evaporation at high temperatures Use intermittent time periods. The same thickeners or additives that raise the boiling point of water also lower the freezing point of water, allowing the water-based grease to operate at temperatures much lower than the freezing point of water. Thus, the thickeners and additives work together to expand the feasible range of the water-based greases (which are part of the water-based greases).
亦可將水溶性抑蝕劑添加至潤滑脂以保護潤滑之金屬表面免受腐蝕。同樣,本文描述之水基潤滑脂由無毒環境友好物質製成,因此容許註冊為符合食品級NSF及NSF 61之潤滑劑並容許潛在用於環境敏感領域中。另外,本文描述之水基潤滑脂亦可用於其中需耐火潤滑脂之領域中,諸如用於高溫軋鋼廠中。使用水基潤滑脂亦容許使用水溶性化學品,該等化學品具有原本無法用於烴油基傳統潤滑脂中之所需性質。Water-soluble corrosion inhibitors can also be added to greases to protect lubricated metal surfaces from corrosion. Likewise, the water-based greases described herein are made from non-toxic, environmentally friendly substances, thus allowing registration as food grade NSF and NSF 61 compliant lubricants and potential use in environmentally sensitive fields. Additionally, the water-based greases described herein may also be used in fields where refractory greases are required, such as in high temperature rolling mills. The use of water-based greases also allows for the use of water-soluble chemicals that possess desirable properties that would not otherwise be available in conventional hydrocarbon oil-based greases.
本文提供包括至少40重量%水、鹽基增稠劑及聚合物基增稠劑之水基潤滑脂組合物。該水基潤滑脂組合物亦可包括無機固體基增稠劑。Provided herein are water-based grease compositions comprising at least 40% by weight of water, a salt-based thickener, and a polymer-based thickener. The water-based grease composition may also include an inorganic solid-based thickener.
如本文使用,水基潤滑脂係指其中水代表潤滑脂之基質流體之潤滑脂。添加水混溶性及水不混溶性組分(諸如本文描述之增稠劑及/或添加劑),以賦予該水基潤滑脂各種所需性質。在一些實施例中,該組合物包括至少約40重量%水,包括至少約45重量%、至少約50重量%、至少約55重量%、至少約60重量%、至少約65重量%、至少約70重量%、至少約75重量%、至少約80重量%、至少約85重量%及至少約90重量%。在一些實施例中,該組合物包括約40重量%至約90重量%水或60重量%至約90重量%水,包括約40重量%、約45重量%、約50重量%、約55重量%、約60重量%、約65重量%、約70重量%、約75重量%、約80重量%、約85重量%及約90重量%。在一些實施例中,該組合物包括約40重量%至約90重量%水,包括約60重量%至約90重量%水。As used herein, water-based grease refers to a grease in which water represents the base fluid of the grease. Water-miscible and water-immiscible components, such as thickeners and/or additives described herein, are added to impart various desired properties to the water-based grease. In some embodiments, the composition includes at least about 40 wt% water, including at least about 45 wt%, at least about 50 wt%, at least about 55 wt%, at least about 60 wt%, at least about 65 wt%, at least about 70 wt%, at least about 75 wt%, at least about 80 wt%, at least about 85 wt%, and at least about 90 wt%. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 40% to about 90% by weight water or from 60% to about 90% by weight water, including about 40% by weight, about 45% by weight, about 50% by weight, about 55% by weight %, about 60% by weight, about 65% by weight, about 70% by weight, about 75% by weight, about 80% by weight, about 85% by weight, and about 90% by weight. In some embodiments, the composition includes from about 40% to about 90% by weight water, including from about 60% to about 90% by weight water.
本文描述之水基潤滑脂組合物可進一步包括無機固體基增稠劑。說明性無機固體基增稠劑包括(但不限於)發煙二氧化矽、矽烷化發煙二氧化矽、疏水化發煙二氧化矽、膨潤土、黏土,及其衍生物。其他說明性無機固體基增稠劑包括(但不限於)矽酸、矽膠、雲母、滑石、石墨、氮化硼、氧化鋅、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)及氰尿酸及其鹽(例如,氰尿酸鋅)。The water-based grease compositions described herein may further include an inorganic solid-based thickener. Illustrative inorganic solid-based thickeners include, but are not limited to, fumed silica, silylated fumed silica, hydrophobized fumed silica, bentonite, clay, and derivatives thereof. Other illustrative inorganic solid-based thickeners include, but are not limited to, silicic acid, silica gel, mica, talc, graphite, boron nitride, zinc oxide, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and cyanuric acid and its salts (eg, cyanuric acid) zinc urate).
在一些實施例中,組合物包括約0.1重量%至約20重量%之無機固體基增稠劑,包括約0.1、約0.2、約0.3、約0.4、約0.5、約0.6、約0.7、約0.8、約0.9、約1、約2、約3、約4、約5、約6、約7、約8、約9、約10、約15或約20重量%。在一些實施例中,其中該組合物包括約0.5重量%至約10重量%或約1重量%至約15重量%之無機固體基增稠劑。In some embodiments, the composition includes from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of an inorganic solid-based thickener, including about 0.1, about 0.2, about 0.3, about 0.4, about 0.5, about 0.6, about 0.7, about 0.8 , about 0.9, about 1, about 2, about 3, about 4, about 5, about 6, about 7, about 8, about 9, about 10, about 15, or about 20 wt%. In some embodiments, wherein the composition includes from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight or from about 1% to about 15% by weight of an inorganic solid-based thickener.
本文描述之水基潤滑脂組合物可包括鹽基增稠劑。說明性鹽基增稠劑包括(但不限於)鈉、鉀、鈣及鎂之鹽。經審慎考慮使用之鹽基增稠劑包括胺、烷醇胺及其衍生物之脂肪酸金屬鹽及有機鹽。鹽基增稠劑之其他實例包括C8 至C32 脂肪酸、二羧酸、羥基脂肪酸或氫化蓖麻油之鉀、鈉、鈣及鎂鹽。在一些實施例中,該羥基脂肪酸係12-羥基硬脂酸。The water-based grease compositions described herein may include a salt-based thickener. Illustrative salt-based thickeners include, but are not limited to, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium salts. Salt-based thickeners contemplated for use include fatty acid metal and organic salts of amines, alkanolamines, and derivatives thereof. Other examples of salt -based thickeners include potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium salts of C8 to C32 fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids, hydroxy fatty acids, or hydrogenated castor oil. In some embodiments, the hydroxy fatty acid is 12-hydroxystearic acid.
在一些實施例中,組合物包括約0.1重量%至約30重量%之鹽基增稠劑,包括約0.1、約0.2、約0.3、約0.4、約0.5、約0.6、約0.7、約0.8、約0.9、約1、約2、約3、約4、約5、約6、約7、約8、約9、約10、約15、約20、約25或約30重量%。在一些實施例中,該組合物包括約1重量%至約15重量%或約1重量%至約20重量%之鹽基增稠劑。In some embodiments, the composition includes from about 0.1% to about 30% by weight of a salt-based thickener, including about 0.1, about 0.2, about 0.3, about 0.4, about 0.5, about 0.6, about 0.7, about 0.8, About 0.9, about 1, about 2, about 3, about 4, about 5, about 6, about 7, about 8, about 9, about 10, about 15, about 20, about 25, or about 30 weight percent. In some embodiments, the composition includes from about 1% to about 15% by weight, or from about 1% to about 20% by weight of a salt-based thickener.
本文描述之水基潤滑脂組合物可包括聚合物基增稠劑。該聚合物基增稠劑可為天然生成之聚合物或合成聚合物。說明性聚合物基增稠劑包括(但不限於)羧甲基纖維素、羧乙基纖維素,及其鹽或衍生物。聚合物基增稠劑之其他實例包括(但不限於)明膠、瓊脂、樺腦(獲自樺樹皮)、多醣、水溶性蛋白質、木質素、木質素磺酸鹽,及其衍生物。在一些實施例中,該聚合物基增稠劑包括聚乙二醇、聚烷二醇、聚醯胺、聚丙烯酸、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚丙烯酸酯、馬來酸/丙烯酸共聚物、苯乙烯/馬來酸酐樹脂、丙烯酸酯共聚物或氟丙烯酸酯,或其衍生物。該聚合物基增稠劑亦可包括任何兩種或更多種本文闡述之此等增稠劑之混合物。The water-based grease compositions described herein may include a polymer-based thickener. The polymer-based thickener can be a naturally occurring polymer or a synthetic polymer. Illustrative polymer-based thickeners include, but are not limited to, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose, and salts or derivatives thereof. Other examples of polymer-based thickeners include, but are not limited to, gelatin, agar, birch brain (obtained from birch bark), polysaccharides, water-soluble proteins, lignin, lignosulfonates, and derivatives thereof. In some embodiments, the polymer-based thickener includes polyethylene glycol, polyalkylene glycol, polyamide, polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylate, maleic/acrylic acid copolymer, styrene /maleic anhydride resin, acrylate copolymer or fluoroacrylate, or derivatives thereof. The polymer-based thickener may also include a mixture of any two or more of these thickeners described herein.
在一些實施例中,組合物包括約0.1重量%至約30重量%之聚合物基增稠劑,包括約0.1、約0.2、約0.3、約0.4、約0.5、約0.6、約0.7、約0.8、約0.9、約1、約2、約3、約4、約5、約6、約7、約8、約9、約10、約15、約20、約25或約30重量%。在一些實施例中,該組合物包括約0.1重量%至約15重量%、約1重量%至約10重量%、約1重量%至約15重量%之聚合物基增稠劑。In some embodiments, the composition includes from about 0.1% to about 30% by weight of the polymer-based thickener, including about 0.1, about 0.2, about 0.3, about 0.4, about 0.5, about 0.6, about 0.7, about 0.8 , about 0.9, about 1, about 2, about 3, about 4, about 5, about 6, about 7, about 8, about 9, about 10, about 15, about 20, about 25, or about 30 wt%. In some embodiments, the composition includes from about 0.1% to about 15% by weight, from about 1% to about 10% by weight, from about 1% to about 15% by weight of a polymer-based thickener.
基於水基潤滑脂組合物之總重量計,本文描述之水基潤滑脂組合物包括約0.5重量%至約30重量%之總增稠劑,包括約0.1、約0.2、約0.3、約0.4、約0.5、約0.6、約0.7、約0.8、約0.9、約1、約2、約3、約4、約5、約6、約7、約8、約9、約10、約15、約20、約25或約30重量%之總增稠劑。在一些實施例中,該總增稠劑可包括鹽基增稠劑及聚合物基增稠劑。在一些實施例中,該總增稠劑可包括鹽基增稠劑、聚合物基增稠劑及無機固體基增稠劑。在一些實施例中,該組合物包括約0.5重量%至約20重量%、約1重量%至約20重量%或約1重量%至約15重量%之總增稠劑。Based on the total weight of the water-based grease composition, the water-based grease compositions described herein include from about 0.5% to about 30% by weight of total thickeners, including about 0.1, about 0.2, about 0.3, about 0.4, about 0.5, about 0.6, about 0.7, about 0.8, about 0.9, about 1, about 2, about 3, about 4, about 5, about 6, about 7, about 8, about 9, about 10, about 15, about 20 , about 25 or about 30% by weight of the total thickener. In some embodiments, the total thickener may include salt-based thickeners and polymer-based thickeners. In some embodiments, the total thickener can include salt-based thickeners, polymer-based thickeners, and inorganic solid-based thickeners. In some embodiments, the composition includes from about 0.5% to about 20% by weight, from about 1% to about 20% by weight, or from about 1% to about 15% by weight total thickener.
製備本文描述之水基潤滑脂組合物以通過FE8測試。該FE8測試係FAG抗磨潤滑脂測試,一種用於評估經測試之軸承潤滑脂最小化摩擦及磨損之能力之工業標準測試。該FE8測試包括用測試潤滑脂裝載一對軸承,施加一定之負荷(通常以牛頓量測)並在指定速度及溫度下使該等軸承連續運行指定時間(即500小時/21天)。在該測試期間,連續量測扭矩及溫度。若該等軸承之扭矩或溫度超過指定最大值,則機器自動關閉。若在該扭矩或溫度不超過指定最大值之情況下獲得500小時,則認為通過該測試。同樣,然後記錄軸承元件(滾子、內座圈、外座圈及保持架)之重量損失以檢查潤滑脂成功最小化磨損之程度。在一些實施例中,軸承類型係錐形滾子軸承。在一些實施例中,FE8測試條件係50 kN (千牛頓)負荷及75 RPM旋轉速度,及在該測試期間風扇冷卻。The water-based grease compositions described herein were prepared to pass the FE8 test. The FE8 test is the FAG Antiwear Grease Test, an industry standard test used to evaluate the ability of tested bearing greases to minimize friction and wear. The FE8 test involves loading a pair of bearings with test grease, applying a certain load (usually measured in Newtons) and running the bearings continuously for a specified period of time (ie 500 hours/21 days) at a specified speed and temperature. During this test, torque and temperature were continuously measured. If the torque or temperature of these bearings exceeds the specified maximum value, the machine automatically shuts down. The test is considered passed if 500 hours are obtained without the torque or temperature exceeding the specified maximum. Likewise, the weight losses of the bearing elements (rollers, inner races, outer races and cages) were then recorded to check how well the grease successfully minimized wear. In some embodiments, the bearing type is a tapered roller bearing. In some embodiments, the FE8 test conditions are a 50 kN (kilonewton) load and 75 RPM rotational speed, with fan cooling during the test.
亦可將添加劑添加至水基潤滑脂組合物以賦予各種所需性質。經審慎考慮本文使用之添加劑包括彼等以下中之一或多者:諸如水溶性抑蝕劑、抗磨及負荷承載能力增強添加劑、水混溶性沸點提升劑、冰點抑制劑,及其任何兩種或更多種之混合物。微膠囊化水溶性添加劑亦可併入本文描述之水基潤滑脂組合物內。亦可併入清潔劑以去除可在潤滑金屬表面之摩擦期間形成之磨損及瑕疵。此等清潔劑可改善磨損特性,並增加潤滑金屬部分之壽命及清潔度。Additives can also be added to water-based grease compositions to impart various desired properties. Additives contemplated for use herein include one or more of the following: such as water-soluble corrosion inhibitors, antiwear and load-carrying capacity enhancing additives, water-miscible boiling point enhancers, freezing point depressants, and any two thereof or a mixture of more. Microencapsulated water-soluble additives may also be incorporated into the water-based grease compositions described herein. Cleaners can also be incorporated to remove wear and imperfections that can form during friction to lubricate metal surfaces. These cleaners improve wear characteristics and increase the life and cleanliness of lubricated metal parts.
在一些實施例中,水基潤滑脂組合物包括水溶性抑蝕劑。說明性水溶性抑蝕劑包括(但不限於)烷基或烷基芳基磺酸、烷基或烷基芳基磺酸之金屬鹽(例如,鈉鹽、鈣鹽及鎂鹽)、C8 至C32 脂肪酸之金屬鹽、亞硝酸鹽、烷醇胺、胺鹽、咪唑啉、醯胺,或其任何兩種或更多種之組合。In some embodiments, the water-based grease composition includes a water-soluble corrosion inhibitor. Illustrative water-soluble corrosion inhibitors include, but are not limited to, alkyl or alkylarylsulfonic acids, metal salts of alkyl or alkylarylsulfonic acids (eg, sodium, calcium, and magnesium salts), C8 To C32 fatty acid metal salts, nitrites, alkanolamines, amine salts, imidazolines, amides, or a combination of any two or more thereof.
在一些實施例中,水基潤滑脂組合物進一步包括抗磨及負荷承載能力增強添加劑。說明性抗磨及負荷承載能力增強添加劑包括(但不限於)二硫代胺基甲酸鉬、二硫代磷酸鉬、二硫化鉬、二烷基二硫代磷酸鋅、過鹼性磺酸鈣、硫代磷酸三苯酯、磷酸酯、脂肪酸酯、多元醇酯、三羥甲基丙烷酯、季戊四醇酯、聚烷二醇、聚烷二醇酯,或其任何兩種或更多種之混合物。In some embodiments, the water-based grease composition further includes antiwear and load carrying capacity enhancing additives. Illustrative antiwear and load carrying capacity enhancing additives include, but are not limited to, molybdenum dithiocarbamate, molybdenum dithiophosphate, molybdenum disulfide, zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, calcium overbased sulfonate, Triphenyl thiophosphate, phosphoric acid esters, fatty acid esters, polyol esters, trimethylolpropane esters, pentaerythritol esters, polyalkylene glycols, polyalkylene glycol esters, or a mixture of any two or more thereof .
在一些實施例中,水基潤滑脂組合物進一步包括水混溶性沸點提升劑及冰點抑制劑。說明性水混溶性沸點提升劑及冰點抑制劑包括(但不限於)乙二醇、聚乙二醇、甘油、丙二醇、鹼土金屬鹽、具有在約1000 g/mol至約500,000 g/mol之範圍內之足以增稠本文描述之組合物之分子量的聚乙二醇,及檸檬酸,或其鹽或組合。 製造方法In some embodiments, the water-based grease composition further includes a water-miscible boiling point raiser and a freezing point depressant. Illustrative water-miscible boiling point elevating agents and freezing point depressants include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerol, propylene glycol, alkaline earth metal salts, having a range from about 1000 g/mol to about 500,000 g/mol Within are polyethylene glycols of sufficient molecular weight to thicken the compositions described herein, and citric acid, or salts or combinations thereof. Manufacturing method
在一項態樣中亦提供一種用於製備水基潤滑脂組合物之方法。該方法包括摻合適宜量之水與鹽基增稠劑以提供增稠之水基潤滑脂,其中該鹽基增稠劑係獲自使鹼與脂肪接觸;及將聚合物基增稠劑添加至該增稠之水基潤滑脂。In one aspect, a method for preparing a water-based grease composition is also provided. The method includes admixing an appropriate amount of water with a salt-based thickener obtained from contacting a base with a fat to provide a thickened water-based grease; and adding a polymer-based thickener to this thickened water-based grease.
在一些實施例中,該方法進一步包括添加無機固體基增稠劑。在一些實施例中,該方法進一步包括添加一或多種添加劑,諸如本文描述之添加劑。In some embodiments, the method further includes adding an inorganic solid-based thickener. In some embodiments, the method further includes adding one or more additives, such as the additives described herein.
在一項實施例中,水基潤滑脂組合物係在開放式鍋或壓力潤滑脂蒸煮鍋(諸如Stratco接觸器或高壓釜)中製備。針對開放式鍋蒸煮程序,將適宜量之水(諸如約40%之水)及鹼(諸如氫氧化鉀或氫氧化鈉)泵送至潤滑脂蒸煮容器中,然後將脂肪(諸如12-羥基硬脂酸、氫化蓖麻油、硬脂酸及二羧酸)添加至該鍋。一經添加,溫度即由於皂化反應之放熱性質而自發上升。然後該溫度維持在適宜範圍內(即,約100至150 ℉),直至所有脂肪均與鹼反應以提供增稠之水基潤滑脂。In one embodiment, the water-based grease composition is prepared in an open pot or pressure grease cooker such as a Stratco contactor or autoclave. For the open pot cooking procedure, a suitable amount of water (such as about 40% water) and a base (such as potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide) are pumped into a grease cooking vessel, then a fat (such as 12-hydroxyhard fatty acid, hydrogenated castor oil, stearic acid, and dicarboxylic acid) were added to the pot. Once added, the temperature rises spontaneously due to the exothermic nature of the saponification reaction. The temperature is then maintained in a suitable range (ie, about 100 to 150°F) until all the fat has reacted with the base to provide a thickened water-based grease.
製備之下一步驟係將第一、適宜量之水添加至增稠之水基潤滑脂或形成之皂。此量可為潤滑脂組合物所需總水之約10重量%至約80重量%。然後添加聚合物基增稠劑。聚合物基增稠劑之實例包括(但不限於)羧甲基纖維素、羧乙基纖維素及其衍生物,並添加其等鈉鹽及鉀鹽以賦予二次增稠效應。亦可添加其他天然聚合物,諸如明膠、瓊脂、樺腦、多醣、水溶性蛋白質、木質素、木質素磺酸鹽,及其衍生物。然後將該水基潤滑脂泵送至精加工鍋,在該精加工鍋中使該水基潤滑脂逐漸冷卻。當溫度達成適當溫度(諸如約100℉)時,可添加無機固體基增稠劑(若使用)。說明性無機固體基增稠劑包括發煙二氧化矽、矽烷化發煙二氧化矽、疏水化發煙二氧化矽、膨潤土、黏土,及其衍生物。該等無機固體基增稠劑之實例包括未反應之發煙二氧化矽、有機修飾之二氧化矽及有機處理之膨潤土,亦稱為流變添加劑。在固體基無機增稠劑後,可添加性能添加劑及其他功能添加劑。說明性功能添加劑包括磷酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷酯、季戊四醇酯、胺衍生之抗氧化劑、酚衍生之抗氧化劑、磺酸鹽衍生物抑蝕劑及磷酸三苯酯。將該潤滑脂研磨(均質化)並與該等添加劑完全混合。然後進行第二、另一水添加以獲得該水基潤滑脂之所需稠度(即NLGI等級或柔軟度)。可自開始至結束在一個鍋中進行相似程序而無需將該潤滑脂自蒸煮鍋轉移至精加工鍋。 應用The next step in preparation is to add a first, suitable amount of water to the thickened water-based grease or soap formed. This amount can be from about 10% to about 80% by weight of the total water required for the grease composition. A polymer based thickener is then added. Examples of polymer-based thickeners include, but are not limited to, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose, and derivatives thereof, and their sodium and potassium salts are added to impart a secondary thickening effect. Other natural polymers may also be added, such as gelatin, agar, betulin, polysaccharides, water-soluble proteins, lignin, lignosulfonates, and derivatives thereof. The water-based grease is then pumped to a finishing pan where it is allowed to gradually cool. When the temperature reaches an appropriate temperature (such as about 100°F), an inorganic solid based thickener, if used, can be added. Illustrative inorganic solid-based thickeners include fumed silica, silylated fumed silica, hydrophobized fumed silica, bentonite, clay, and derivatives thereof. Examples of such inorganic solid-based thickeners include unreacted fumed silica, organically modified silica, and organically treated bentonite, also known as rheological additives. After the solid-based inorganic thickener, performance additives and other functional additives can be added. Illustrative functional additives include phosphate esters, trimethylolpropane esters, pentaerythritol esters, amine derived antioxidants, phenol derived antioxidants, sulfonate derivative corrosion inhibitors, and triphenyl phosphate. The grease is ground (homogenized) and thoroughly mixed with the additives. A second, further water addition is then made to obtain the desired consistency (ie, NLGI rating or softness) of the water-based grease. A similar procedure can be performed in one pot from start to finish without transferring the grease from the cooking pot to the finishing pot. application
水基潤滑脂組合物可用於各種商業應用中。本文描述之水基潤滑脂可用於需耐極端溫度之應用中。例如,該等水基潤滑脂可用於軋鋼廠中,尤其若該等水基潤滑脂係高滴點潤滑脂。本文描述之水基潤滑脂亦可用於需耐火之應用中。由於該等水基潤滑脂組合物之組分無毒且對環境無害,因此本文描述之水基潤滑脂亦可用於食品應用及其中關注環境安全之應用(包括林業及農業機械潤滑、鐵路潤滑、非公路機械潤滑、海洋及海港起重機潤滑、拖船及升船機潤滑,及類似物)中。例如,該等水基潤滑脂可自NSF (美國國家衛生基金會)註冊為食品級潤滑脂及/或註冊為潔食(Kosher)及清真(Halal)。亦可使用該等水基潤滑脂組合物來潤滑食品加工廠中之軸承。在一些實施例中,該等水基潤滑脂組合物可用於需高導電性之軸承(例如,電子移動及電動汽車)中。Water-based grease compositions can be used in a variety of commercial applications. The water-based greases described herein can be used in applications requiring extreme temperature resistance. For example, the water-based greases can be used in rolling mills, especially if the water-based greases are high dropping point greases. The water-based greases described herein can also be used in applications requiring fire resistance. Since the components of these water-based grease compositions are non-toxic and environmentally friendly, the water-based greases described herein can also be used in food applications and applications where environmental safety is a concern (including forestry and agricultural machinery lubrication, railway lubrication, non- in road machinery lubrication, marine and harbour crane lubrication, tugboat and ship lift lubrication, and the like). For example, these water-based greases can be registered as food grade greases and/or as Kosher and Halal from NSF (National Sanitation Foundation). These water-based grease compositions can also be used to lubricate bearings in food processing plants. In some embodiments, the water-based grease compositions can be used in bearings requiring high electrical conductivity (eg, e-mobility and electric vehicles).
水基潤滑脂組合物可具有高阻燃效應,因此該潤滑脂不著火,甚至在經受高溫金屬加工廠(軋鋼廠)遇到之明火及火花時亦不著火。在一些實施例中,該組合物係高溫耐火潤滑脂。在一些實施例中,當經受直接火焰及或火花時,該組合物係耐火的。耐火可包括自熄組合物或完全耐火。在一些實施例中,高溫係超過烴礦物油或烴合成油基潤滑脂之閃點及/或高於500℉之溫度。Water-based grease compositions can have a high flame retardant effect so that the grease does not catch fire, even when subjected to open flames and sparks encountered in high temperature metalworking plants (rolling mills). In some embodiments, the composition is a high temperature refractory grease. In some embodiments, the composition is fire resistant when subjected to direct flame and/or sparks. Refractory can include self-extinguishing compositions or complete refractory. In some embodiments, the high temperature is a temperature above the flash point of the hydrocarbon mineral oil or hydrocarbon synthetic oil based grease and/or above 500°F.
在一些實施例中,水基潤滑脂組合物可為用於電動車輛之潤滑劑,因此高度期望有導電性。在一些實施例中,該組合物具有導電性,其防止於烴基潤滑脂中出現且可由於火花而損害軸承之放電電流。In some embodiments, the water-based grease composition may be a lubricant for electric vehicles, and thus electrical conductivity is highly desirable. In some embodiments, the composition is electrically conductive, which prevents discharge currents that occur in hydrocarbon-based greases and can damage bearings due to sparks.
在一些實施例中,水基潤滑脂組合物係環境友好且可生物降解的。在一些實施例中,根據OECD 301B生物降解性測試方法標準,該組合物中之非水組分可於28天內生物降解超過65%。在一些實施例中,該組合物係用於農業機械設備、林業設備、鐵路彎道及法蘭側軌,及/或當使用烴基潤滑脂時,用於水生生物正處於危險中之海洋應用之潤滑劑。In some embodiments, the water-based grease composition is environmentally friendly and biodegradable. In some embodiments, the non-aqueous components of the composition can biodegrade more than 65% within 28 days according to the OECD 301B Biodegradability Test Method Standard. In some embodiments, the compositions are used in agricultural machinery equipment, forestry equipment, railroad bends and flanged side rails, and/or in marine applications where aquatic organisms are at risk when hydrocarbon-based greases are used lubricant.
藉由參考下列實例將更容易瞭解如此大體上描述之本發明,該等下列實例係藉助於闡述提供且無意限制本發明。 實例The invention so generally described will be more readily understood by reference to the following examples, which are provided by way of illustration and are not intended to limit the invention. Example
實例1:具有兩種增稠劑之水基潤滑脂。在開放式鍋中製造該潤滑脂。在開放式鍋蒸煮程序中在室溫下,將約40重量% H2 O及約1至5重量% KOH或NaOH泵送至潤滑脂蒸煮容器中,接著將脂肪添加至該鍋。就此實例而言,所使用之脂肪係油酸及硬脂酸。溫度由於皂化反應之放熱性質而自發上升,形成皂(皂化脂肪)。然後使該溫度維持在100至150℉,直至所有脂肪均與KOH或NaOH反應,引起該潤滑脂之顯著增稠發生。Example 1 : Water based grease with two thickeners. Make this grease in an open pan. About 40 wt % H2O and about 1 to 5 wt % KOH or NaOH were pumped into a grease cook vessel at room temperature in an open pot cooking procedure, followed by adding the fat to the pot. For this example, the fatty acids used were oleic acid and stearic acid. The temperature rises spontaneously due to the exothermic nature of the saponification reaction, forming soap (saponified fat). The temperature is then maintained at 100 to 150°F until all the fat has reacted with the KOH or NaOH causing significant thickening of the grease to occur.
然後,將約20重量%之總水添加至所形成之皂,接著添加聚合物基增稠劑。在此實例中,添加羧甲基纖維素以賦予二次增稠效應。Then, about 20% by weight of the total water was added to the soap formed, followed by the addition of the polymer-based thickener. In this example, carboxymethyl cellulose was added to impart a secondary thickening effect.
然後將潤滑脂泵送至精加工鍋,在該精加工鍋中使該潤滑脂逐漸冷卻。當溫度達成約100℉時,添加根據表1之固體添加劑及其他功能添加劑。將該潤滑脂研磨並與該等添加劑完全混合,且進一步添加水以獲得該潤滑脂之所需稠度(NLGI等級或柔軟度)。The grease is then pumped to the finishing pan where it is allowed to gradually cool. When the temperature reached about 100°F, the solid additives and other functional additives according to Table 1 were added. The grease is ground and thoroughly mixed with the additives and further water is added to obtain the desired consistency (NLGI rating or softness) of the grease.
表1顯示此實例中製備之潤滑脂調配物之特定組分及量。下表2闡述具有兩種增稠劑(鹽基增稠劑及聚合物基增稠劑)之水基潤滑脂之性能特性。
表1:實例1之潤滑脂調配物。
如自上表可見,具有兩種增稠劑之水基潤滑脂與油基潤滑脂之性能相似,其中滴點與簡單鋰潤滑脂相似,自熟習此項技術者熟知的潤滑脂文獻,該滴點通常在160至200℃之範圍內(例如,Lubricants and Lubrication,第2卷,第16章Lubricating Grease,T. Mang及W. Dresel編,第3版,Wiley-VCH出版,2017)。在低至-20℃ (-4℉)之溫度下及在高至189℃ (372℉)之溫度下泵送該水基潤滑脂。該潤滑脂在相對高負荷50 kN及中等速度75 RPM下亦通過21天(500小時)抗磨測試FE8,其中磨損極低且未超過此測試條件容許之最大扭矩。As can be seen from the table above, water-based greases with two thickeners perform similarly to oil-based greases, with a drop point similar to that of simple lithium grease, from the grease literature well known to those skilled in the art, the drop The point is typically in the range of 160 to 200°C (eg, Lubricants and Lubrication, Vol. 2, Chapter 16 Lubricating Grease, eds. T. Mang and W. Dresel, 3rd edition, Wiley-VCH Publishing, 2017). Pump this water-based grease at temperatures as low as -20°C (-4°F) and as high as 189°C (372°F). The grease also passed the 21 day (500 hour) antiwear test FE8 at a relatively high load of 50 kN and a moderate speed of 75 RPM with very low wear and without exceeding the maximum torque allowed for this test condition.
此實例之水基潤滑脂亦通過使用合成海水環境之腐蝕軸承測試。該海水測試環境使該潤滑脂經受任何潤滑脂均無法經受之極苛刻條件,更不用說水基潤滑脂。然而,具有兩種增稠劑之水基潤滑脂在合成海水中通過此測試48小時。所使用之合成海水化學組成如下:
表3:合成海水化學組成。
上文合成海水組成之總鹽濃度係4.1953%。The total salt concentration of the above synthetic seawater composition is 4.1953%.
遵循以4球焊接負荷測試ASTM D 2596測試潤滑脂之負荷承載能力之標準測試方法,具有兩種增稠劑之水基潤滑脂顯示約200 Kgf (「公斤力」)焊接負荷結果之中等範圍極端溫度能力。經4球磨損標準測試方法ASTM D 2266之小磨斑直徑證實,該水基潤滑脂顯示極佳抗磨損特性。最後,當根據ASTM D 130測試時,該水基潤滑脂不引起銅腐蝕。此結果指示本文描述之水基潤滑脂可安全用於潤滑軸承及含有銅或由銅合金(諸如黃銅、青銅等)製成的其他移動零件中。Following ASTM D 2596, the standard test method for load carrying capacity of greases with 4-ball weld load, the water-based grease with two thickeners showed approximately 200 Kgf ("kg force") weld load results in the medium range extreme temperature capability. This water-based grease exhibits excellent anti-wear properties as evidenced by the small wear scar diameter of 4-ball wear standard test method ASTM D 2266. Finally, this water-based grease does not cause copper corrosion when tested according to ASTM D 130. This result indicates that the water-based greases described herein are safe for use in lubricating bearings and other moving parts containing or made of copper alloys such as brass, bronze, etc.
實例2:具有三種增稠劑之水基潤滑脂。在開放式鍋中製造該潤滑脂。在開放式鍋蒸煮程序中,將約40重量%之水、約1至5重量% KOH或NaOH連同脂肪一起泵送至潤滑脂蒸煮容器中。就此實例而言,所使用之脂肪係油酸、硬脂酸及12-羥基硬脂酸。隨著此皂化反應進展,溫度自發上升。該溫度維持在約100至150℉下,直至所有脂肪均與KOH或NaOH反應,引起該潤滑脂之顯著增稠發生。Example 2: Water based grease with three thickeners. Make this grease in an open pan. In an open pot cooking procedure, about 40 wt% water, about 1 to 5 wt% KOH or NaOH is pumped into a grease cooking vessel along with the fat. For this example, the fatty acids used were oleic acid, stearic acid and 12-hydroxystearic acid. As this saponification reaction progresses, the temperature rises spontaneously. The temperature is maintained at about 100 to 150°F until all the fat has reacted with KOH or NaOH causing significant thickening of the grease to occur.
第二步驟係將20%水連同聚合物增稠劑一起添加至所形成之皂。如下表中顯示,羧甲基纖維素鈉及聚丙烯酸用於此實例中。亦使用天然聚合物(諸如木質素磺酸鹽)。The second step was to add 20% water to the resulting soap along with the polymeric thickener. As shown in the table below, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and polyacrylic acid were used in this example. Natural polymers such as lignosulfonates are also used.
然後將潤滑脂泵送至精加工鍋,在該精加工鍋中使該潤滑脂逐漸冷卻。當溫度達成約100℉時,添加第三無機固體基增稠劑。在此實例中,該等第三無機固體基增稠劑係未反應之發煙二氧化矽、有機修飾之二氧化矽及有機處理之膨潤土,亦稱為流變添加劑。在添加該第三固體基無機增稠劑後,添加性能添加劑及其他功能添加劑。就此實例而言,該等功能添加劑係磷酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷酯、季戊四醇酯、胺衍生之抗氧化劑、酚衍生之抗氧化劑、磺酸鹽衍生物抑蝕劑及磷酸三苯酯。將潤滑脂研磨(均質化)並與該等添加劑完全混合且進一步添加水以獲得該潤滑脂之所需稠度(NLGI等級或柔軟度)。The grease is then pumped to the finishing pan where it is allowed to gradually cool. When the temperature reached about 100°F, a third inorganic solid based thickener was added. In this example, the third inorganic solid based thickeners are unreacted fumed silica, organically modified silica and organically treated bentonite, also known as rheological additives. After adding the third solid-based inorganic thickener, add performance additives and other functional additives. For this example, the functional additives are phosphate esters, trimethylolpropane esters, pentaerythritol esters, amine derived antioxidants, phenol derived antioxidants, sulfonate derivative corrosion inhibitors, and triphenyl phosphate. The grease is ground (homogenized) and thoroughly mixed with the additives and further water is added to obtain the desired consistency (NLGI grade or softness) of the grease.
表4顯示此實例中製備之潤滑脂調配物之特定組分及量。表5列舉具有三種增稠劑(鹽基增稠劑、聚合物基增稠劑及無機固體基增稠劑)之水基潤滑脂之性能資料。
表4:實例2之潤滑脂調配物。
如自表5觀測到,具有三種增稠劑之水基潤滑脂之性能與正常油基潤滑脂相似,其中滴點與鋰錯合物潤滑脂相似,自熟習此項技術者熟知的潤滑脂文獻,該滴點通常在220至280℃之範圍內(例如,Lubricants and Lubrication,第2卷,第16章,Lubricating Grease,T. Mang及W. Dresel編,第3版,Wiley-VCH, 2017出版)。在低至-20℃ (-4℉)之溫度下泵送該水基潤滑脂並工作至約260℃ (約500℉)之最高溫度。該水基潤滑脂在相對高負荷50 kN及中等速度75 RPM下通過21天(500小時)抗磨測試FE8,其中磨損極低且未超過此測試條件容許之最大扭矩(< 60 N)。As observed from Table 5, the performance of the water-based grease with the three thickeners is similar to that of a normal oil-based grease, with a drop point similar to that of a lithium complex grease, from grease literature familiar to those skilled in the art , the dropping point is usually in the range of 220 to 280°C (e.g. Lubricants and Lubrication, Vol. 2, Chapter 16, Lubricating Grease, eds. T. Mang and W. Dresel, 3rd edition, published by Wiley-VCH, 2017 ). Pump this water-based grease at temperatures as low as -20°C (-4°F) and work to a maximum temperature of about 260°C (about 500°F). The water-based grease passed the 21 day (500 hours) antiwear test FE8 at a relatively high load of 50 kN and a moderate speed of 75 RPM with very low wear and did not exceed the maximum torque (< 60 N) allowed for this test condition.
水基潤滑脂亦通過使用合成海水環境之腐蝕軸承測試,該海水環境係任何潤滑脂均無法經受之極苛刻條件。然而,具有三重增稠劑之水基潤滑脂在合成海水中通過此測試48小時。所使用之合成海水化學組成如表3中概述。Water-based greases have also been tested for corrosion on bearings using synthetic seawater environments, which are extremely harsh conditions that no grease can withstand. However, the water-based grease with triple thickener passed this test in synthetic seawater for 48 hours. The chemical composition of the synthetic seawater used is summarized in Table 3.
遵循以4球焊接負荷測試ASTM D 2596測試潤滑脂之負荷承載能力之標準測試方法,水基潤滑脂顯示250 Kgf焊接負荷結果之中等範圍極端負荷承載能力。經4球磨損標準測試方法ASTM D 2266之小磨斑直徑證實,該水基潤滑脂顯示極佳抗磨損特性。最後,當根據ASTM D 130測試時,該水基潤滑脂不引起銅腐蝕。此結果意謂本文描述之水基潤滑脂可安全用於潤滑軸承及含有銅或由銅合金(諸如黃銅、青銅等)製成的其他移動零件中。Following ASTM D 2596 Standard Test Method for Load Carrying Capacity of Greases with a 4-Ball Weld Load, the water-based grease exhibits a mid-range extreme load carrying capacity as a result of a 250 Kgf weld load. This water-based grease exhibits excellent anti-wear properties as evidenced by the small wear scar diameter of 4-ball wear standard test method ASTM D 2266. Finally, this water-based grease does not cause copper corrosion when tested according to ASTM D 130. This result means that the water-based greases described herein can be safely used in lubricating bearings and other moving parts that contain copper or are made of copper alloys such as brass, bronze, and the like.
段落1:一種水基潤滑脂組合物,其包含: 至少40重量%水; 鹽基增稠劑;及 聚合物基增稠劑。Paragraph 1: A water-based grease composition comprising: at least 40% by weight water; salt-based thickeners; and Polymer based thickener.
段落2:如段落1之組合物,其中該組合物進一步包含無機固體基增稠劑。Paragraph 2: The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the composition further comprises an inorganic solid based thickener.
段落3:如段落2之組合物,其中該組合物包含約0.1重量%至約20重量%之該無機固體基增稠劑。Paragraph 3: The composition of paragraph 2, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the inorganic solid-based thickener.
段落4:如段落3之組合物,其中該組合物包含約1重量%至約15重量%之該無機固體基增稠劑。Paragraph 4: The composition of paragraph 3, wherein the composition comprises from about 1% to about 15% by weight of the inorganic solid-based thickener.
段落5:如段落1至4中任一項之組合物,其中該組合物包含至少60重量%水。Paragraph 5: The composition of any of paragraphs 1 to 4, wherein the composition comprises at least 60% by weight water.
段落6:如段落5之組合物,其中該組合物包含約40重量%至約90重量%水或60重量%至約90重量%水。Paragraph 6: The composition of paragraph 5, wherein the composition comprises from about 40% to about 90% by weight water or from 60% to about 90% by weight water.
段落7:如段落1至6中任一項之組合物,其中該組合物包含約0.1重量%至約30重量%之該鹽基增稠劑。Paragraph 7: The composition of any of paragraphs 1 to 6, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.1% to about 30% by weight of the salt-based thickener.
段落8:如段落7之組合物,其中該組合物包含約1重量%至約20重量%之該鹽基增稠劑。Paragraph 8: The composition of paragraph 7, wherein the composition comprises from about 1% to about 20% by weight of the salt-based thickener.
段落9:如段落1至8中任一項之組合物,其中該組合物包含約0.1重量%至約15重量%之該聚合物基增稠劑。Paragraph 9: The composition of any of paragraphs 1-8, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of the polymeric thickener.
段落10:如段落9之組合物,其中該組合物包含約1重量%至約10重量%之該聚合物基增稠劑。Paragraph 10: The composition of paragraph 9, wherein the composition comprises from about 1% to about 10% by weight of the polymeric thickener.
段落11:如段落1至10中任一項之組合物,其中該組合物包含約0.5重量%至約30重量%之總增稠劑。Paragraph 11: The composition of any of paragraphs 1 to 10, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.5% to about 30% by weight of total thickeners.
段落12:如段落11之組合物,其中該組合物包含約1重量%至約20重量%之總增稠劑。Paragraph 12: The composition of paragraph 11, wherein the composition comprises from about 1% to about 20% by weight of total thickener.
段落13:如段落1至12中任一項之組合物,其中該鹽基增稠劑包含鈉、鉀、鈣或鎂之鹽。Paragraph 13: The composition of any of paragraphs 1 to 12, wherein the salt-based thickener comprises a sodium, potassium, calcium or magnesium salt.
段落14:如段落1至13中任一項之組合物,其中該鹽基增稠劑包含C8 至C32 脂肪酸、二羧酸、羥基脂肪酸或氫化蓖麻油之鉀、鈉、鈣或鎂鹽。Paragraph 14: The composition of any of paragraphs 1 to 13, wherein the salt -based thickener comprises a potassium, sodium, calcium or magnesium salt of a C8 to C32 fatty acid, dicarboxylic acid, hydroxy fatty acid, or hydrogenated castor oil .
段落15:如段落14之組合物,其中該羥基脂肪酸係12-羥基硬脂酸。Paragraph 15: The composition of paragraph 14, wherein the hydroxy fatty acid is 12-hydroxystearic acid.
段落16:如段落1至15中任一項之組合物,其中該聚合物基增稠劑包含天然生成之聚合物或合成聚合物。Paragraph 16: The composition of any of paragraphs 1 to 15, wherein the polymer-based thickener comprises a naturally occurring polymer or a synthetic polymer.
段落17:如段落16之組合物,其中該聚合物基增稠劑包含羧甲基纖維素或羧乙基纖維素,或其鹽或衍生物。Paragraph 17: The composition of paragraph 16, wherein the polymer-based thickener comprises carboxymethyl cellulose or carboxyethyl cellulose, or a salt or derivative thereof.
段落18:如段落16之組合物,其中該聚合物基增稠劑包含明膠、瓊脂、樺腦、多醣、水溶性蛋白質、木質素、木質素磺酸鹽,或其衍生物。Paragraph 18: The composition of paragraph 16, wherein the polymer-based thickener comprises gelatin, agar, betulin, polysaccharides, water-soluble proteins, lignin, lignosulfonates, or derivatives thereof.
段落19:如段落16之組合物,其中該聚合物基增稠劑包含聚乙二醇、聚烷二醇、聚醯胺,或其衍生物。Paragraph 19: The composition of paragraph 16, wherein the polymer-based thickener comprises polyethylene glycol, polyalkylene glycol, polyamide, or a derivative thereof.
段落20:如段落2至19中任一項之組合物,其中該固體無機基增稠劑包含發煙二氧化矽、矽烷化發煙二氧化矽、疏水化發煙二氧化矽、膨潤土、黏土,或其衍生物。Paragraph 20: The composition of any of paragraphs 2 to 19, wherein the solid inorganic based thickener comprises fumed silica, silylated fumed silica, hydrophobized fumed silica, bentonite, clay , or its derivatives.
段落21:如段落1至20中任一項之組合物,其中該組合物進一步包含一或多種選自由以下組成之群之添加劑:水溶性抑蝕劑、抗磨及負荷承載能力增強添加劑、水混溶性沸點提升劑、冰點抑制劑,及其任何兩種或更多種之混合物。Paragraph 21: The composition of any of paragraphs 1 to 20, wherein the composition further comprises one or more additives selected from the group consisting of: water-soluble corrosion inhibitors, anti-wear and load-carrying capacity enhancing additives, water Miscible boiling point raisers, freezing point depressants, and mixtures of any two or more thereof.
段落22:如段落1至20中任一項之組合物,其中該組合物進一步包含水溶性抑蝕劑。Paragraph 22: The composition of any of paragraphs 1-20, wherein the composition further comprises a water-soluble corrosion inhibitor.
段落23:如段落22之組合物,其中該水溶性抑蝕劑包含磺酸之金屬鹽、C8 至C32 脂肪酸之金屬鹽、亞硝酸鹽、烷醇胺、胺鹽、咪唑啉、醯胺,或其組合。Paragraph 23: The composition of paragraph 22, wherein the water-soluble corrosion inhibitor comprises metal salts of sulfonic acids, metal salts of C8 to C32 fatty acids, nitrites, alkanolamines, amine salts, imidazolines, amides , or a combination thereof.
段落24:如段落1至20中任一項之組合物,其中該組合物進一步包含抗磨及負荷承載能力增強添加劑,其包含二硫代胺基甲酸鉬、二硫代磷酸鉬、二硫化鉬、二烷基二硫代磷酸鋅或過鹼性磺酸鈣。Paragraph 24: The composition of any of paragraphs 1 to 20, wherein the composition further comprises an antiwear and load carrying capacity enhancing additive comprising molybdenum dithiocarbamate, molybdenum dithiophosphate, molybdenum disulfide , zinc dialkyldithiophosphate or overbased calcium sulfonate.
段落25:如段落1至20中任一項之組合物,其中該組合物進一步包含水混溶性沸點提升劑及冰點抑制劑,其包含乙二醇、聚乙二醇、甘油、丙二醇、鹼土金屬鹽及檸檬酸,或其鹽或組合。Paragraph 25: The composition of any of paragraphs 1 to 20, wherein the composition further comprises a water-miscible boiling point raiser and a freezing point depressant comprising ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerol, propylene glycol, alkaline earth metals Salt and citric acid, or a salt or combination thereof.
段落26:如段落1至25中任一項之組合物,其中該組合物係高溫耐火潤滑脂。Paragraph 26: The composition of any of paragraphs 1 to 25, wherein the composition is a high temperature refractory grease.
段落27:如段落26之組合物,其中當經受直接火焰及或火花時,該組合物不著火。Paragraph 27: The composition of paragraph 26, wherein the composition does not ignite when subjected to direct flame and/or sparks.
段落28:如段落26之組合物,其中該高溫係超過烴礦物油或烴合成油基潤滑脂之閃點及/或高於500℉之溫度。Paragraph 28: The composition of paragraph 26, wherein the high temperature is a temperature above the flash point of the hydrocarbon mineral oil or hydrocarbon synthetic oil based grease and/or above 500°F.
段落29:如段落1至25中任一項之組合物,其中該組合物係用於電動車輛之潤滑劑,因此高度期望導電性。Paragraph 29: The composition of any of paragraphs 1 to 25, wherein the composition is a lubricant for an electric vehicle, thus conductivity is highly desirable.
段落30:如段落29之組合物,其中該組合物具有導電性,其防止烴基潤滑脂中出現放電電流且可由於火花而損害軸承。Paragraph 30: The composition of paragraph 29, wherein the composition is electrically conductive, which prevents discharge currents from occurring in the hydrocarbon-based grease and which can damage bearings due to sparks.
段落31:如段落1至25中任一項之組合物,其中該組合物係食品安全及/或用於食品加工機械中。Paragraph 31: The composition of any of paragraphs 1 to 25, wherein the composition is food safe and/or used in a food processing machine.
段落32:如段落31之組合物,其中該組合物符合食品安全潤滑劑之NSF H1規定及飲用水系統潤滑劑之NSF標準61。Paragraph 32: The composition of paragraph 31, wherein the composition complies with NSF H1 regulations for food safe lubricants and NSF Standard 61 for drinking water system lubricants.
段落33:如段落1至25中任一項之組合物,其中該組合物係環境友好且可生物降解的。Paragraph 33: The composition of any of paragraphs 1 to 25, wherein the composition is environmentally friendly and biodegradable.
段落34:如段落33之組合物,其中根據OECD 301B生物降解性測試方法標準,該組合物中非水組分於28天內可生物降解超過65%。Paragraph 34: The composition of paragraph 33, wherein the non-aqueous components of the composition are more than 65% biodegradable within 28 days according to the OECD 301B Biodegradability Test Method Standard.
段落35:如段落34之組合物,其中該組合物係用於農業機械設備、林業設備、鐵路彎道及法蘭側軌,及/或當使用烴基潤滑脂時,水生生物正處於危險中之海洋應用之潤滑劑。Paragraph 35: The composition of paragraph 34, wherein the composition is used in agricultural machinery equipment, forestry equipment, railroad bends and flanged side rails, and/or when a hydrocarbon-based grease is used, where aquatic organisms are at risk Lubricant for marine applications.
段落36:一種用於製備如段落1之水基潤滑脂組合物之方法,該方法包括: 摻合適宜量之水與鹽基增稠劑以提供增稠之水基潤滑脂,其中該鹽基增稠劑係獲自使鹼與脂肪接觸;及 將聚合物基增稠劑添加至該增稠之水基潤滑脂。Paragraph 36: A method for preparing the water-based grease composition of paragraph 1, the method comprising: blending a suitable amount of water with a salt-based thickener to provide a thickened water-based grease, wherein the salt-based thickener is obtained from contacting a base with a fat; and A polymer based thickener is added to the thickened water based grease.
段落37:如段落36之方法,其中該方法進一步包括添加無機固體基增稠劑。Paragraph 37: The method of paragraph 36, wherein the method further comprises adding an inorganic solid-based thickener.
段落38:如段落36或37之方法,其中該方法進一步包括添加一或多種添加劑。Paragraph 38: The method of paragraph 36 or 37, wherein the method further comprises adding one or more additives.
如本文使用,除非另有指示,否則術語之下列定義應適用。As used herein, the following definitions of terms shall apply unless otherwise indicated.
如本文使用,「約」將由一般技術者瞭解且將取決於使用其之內文而在一定程度上變化。若存在一般技術者不清楚之術語之用途,鑒於使用該術語之內文,「約」將意謂高達加上或減去該特定術語之10%。As used herein, "about" will be understood by those of ordinary skill and will vary to some extent depending on the context in which it is used. If there is a use of a term that is not clear to those of ordinary skill, "about" will mean up to plus or minus 10% of the particular term given the context in which the term is used.
除非本文另有指示或與內文明顯矛盾,否則術語「一」及「一個」及「該」及在描述元件之內文中(尤其在隨附申請專利範圍之內文中)之相似參考物之用途應視為涵蓋單數及複數兩者。除非本文另有明確指示,否則本文對值範圍之引用僅意欲充當個別提及落於該範圍內之各單獨值之速記方法,且將各單獨值併入本說明書內,該引用之程度就如同將其個別地引入本文中一樣。除非本文另有明確指示或與內文明顯矛盾,否則本文描述之所有方法可以任何適宜之順序進行。除非另有規定,否則本文提供之任何及所有實例或例示性語言(例如,「諸如」)之用途僅意欲更好地闡述實施例且不對隨附申請專利範圍之範圍構成限制。本說明書中之任何語言均不應解釋為指示任何本文未主張之元件係必不可少的。Unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context, the terms "a" and "an" and "the" and the use of similar references in the context of describing elements, particularly within the scope of the appended claims shall be deemed to cover both the singular and the plural. Unless otherwise expressly indicated herein, references herein to ranges of values are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, and to incorporate each separate value into this specification to the same extent as It is the same as individually incorporated herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless expressly indicated otherwise herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. Unless otherwise stated, the use of any and all examples or illustrative language (eg, "such as") provided herein is intended only to better illustrate the embodiments and is not intended to limit the scope of the appended claims. No language in this specification should be construed as indicating that any element not claimed herein is essential.
本文中說明性描述之實施例可適當地在缺乏本文未明確揭示之任何一或多個元件、一或多個限制之情況下實踐。因此,例如,應廣泛且無限制地解讀術語「包含」、「包括」、「含有」等。另外,本文採用之術語及表達已用作描述而非限制之術語,且在使用此等術語及表達時無意排除本文顯示並描述之特徵或其部分之任何等同物,但應知曉各種修飾可能於本文主張之技術之範圍內。另外,應瞭解片語「基本上由……構成」包括彼等本文明確列舉之元件及彼等不實質上影響本文主張之技術之基本及新穎特性之另外元件。片語「由……構成」排除本文未指定之任何元件。The embodiments illustratively described herein may suitably be practiced in the absence of any element or elements, limitation or limitations, not expressly disclosed herein. Thus, for example, the terms "comprising", "including", "containing" and the like should be interpreted broadly and without limitation. Furthermore, the terms and expressions used herein have been used as terms of description rather than limitation and their use is not intended to exclude any equivalents of features or parts thereof shown and described herein, it being understood that various modifications are possible in within the scope of the technology claimed herein. In addition, it should be understood that the phrase "consisting essentially of" includes both those elements expressly recited herein and those additional elements that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the technology claimed herein. The phrase "consisting of" excludes any element not specified herein.
如熟習此項技術者將瞭解,出於任何及所有目的,特別就提供書面描述而言,本文揭示之所有範圍亦包含任何及所有可能之子範圍及其子範圍之組合。可容易地將任何列舉之範圍識別為充分描述並可使相同範圍分解成至少相等之一半、三分之一、四分之一、五分之一、十分之一等。作為一非限制性實例,可容易地將本文討論之各範圍分解成下三分之一、中三分之一及上三分之一等。如熟習此項技術者亦將瞭解,所有語言(諸如「高達」、「至少」、「大於」、「小於」及類似物)包括本文列舉之數字且係指可後續分解成如上文討論之子範圍之範圍。最後,如熟習此項技術者將瞭解,一範圍包括各個別成員。As will be understood by those skilled in the art, all ranges disclosed herein also include any and all possible sub-ranges and combinations of sub-ranges for any and all purposes, particularly for the purpose of providing a written description. Any recited range can be readily identified as sufficiently descriptive and the same range can be broken down into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etc. As a non-limiting example, the ranges discussed herein can be easily broken down into lower thirds, middle thirds, upper thirds, etc. Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that all language (such as "up to," "at least," "greater than," "less than," and the like) includes numbers recited herein and refers to subranges that can be subsequently broken down into subranges as discussed above range. Finally, as those skilled in the art will appreciate, a range includes individual members.
本說明書中提及之所有公開案、專利申請案、發佈專利及其他檔案均以引用之方式併入本文中,該引用之程度就如同將各個別公開案、專利申請案、發佈專利或其他檔案明確且個別地以全文引用之方式併入本文中一樣。以引用之方式併入之文本中含有的定義在其與本發明中之定義矛盾之程度上被排除。All publications, patent applications, issued patents, and other records mentioned in this specification are incorporated herein by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent application, issued patent, or other record were referred to herein. The same is expressly and individually incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Definitions contained in text incorporated by reference are excluded to the extent that they contradict definitions in the present application.
經審慎考慮,本文描述之組合物中之任一者可具有上文描述之性質之任何組合。熟習此項技術者應知曉,可在不背離如隨附申請專利範圍中定義之本發明在其更廣泛態樣中之範圍或精神之情況下,,作出各種修飾及改變。Upon careful consideration, any of the compositions described herein may have any combination of the properties described above. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and changes can be made therein without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention in its broader aspects as defined in the appended claims.
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TW200617157A (en) * | 2004-06-16 | 2006-06-01 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Matrix liquid for producing a chip removal suspension, and used as a lubricating or machining liquid |
CN103242949A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-08-14 | 深圳市优宝惠新材料科技有限公司 | Environment-friendly water-based lubricating grease and preparation method thereof |
TW201723162A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2017-07-01 | 日本帕卡瀨精股份有限公司 | Water-containing lubricating film agent, surface-treated metal material and method for forming water-containing lubricating film agent of metal material |
EP3431574A1 (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2019-01-23 | Carl Bechem Gmbh | Lubricant composition |
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JP2002146376A (en) * | 2000-11-10 | 2002-05-22 | Daizo:Kk | Grease composition |
US6933263B2 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2005-08-23 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Emulsified based lubricants |
US7435707B2 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2008-10-14 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Oil-in-water emulsions and a method of producing |
US9187707B2 (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2015-11-17 | Sal A Randisi, Sr. | Lubricating composition and method for preparing same |
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Patent Citations (4)
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TW200617157A (en) * | 2004-06-16 | 2006-06-01 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Matrix liquid for producing a chip removal suspension, and used as a lubricating or machining liquid |
CN103242949A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-08-14 | 深圳市优宝惠新材料科技有限公司 | Environment-friendly water-based lubricating grease and preparation method thereof |
TW201723162A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2017-07-01 | 日本帕卡瀨精股份有限公司 | Water-containing lubricating film agent, surface-treated metal material and method for forming water-containing lubricating film agent of metal material |
EP3431574A1 (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2019-01-23 | Carl Bechem Gmbh | Lubricant composition |
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US20230174888A1 (en) | 2023-06-08 |
CN115989311A (en) | 2023-04-18 |
MX2022015956A (en) | 2023-01-24 |
JP2023531415A (en) | 2023-07-24 |
BR112022024451A2 (en) | 2022-12-27 |
AR122620A1 (en) | 2022-09-21 |
TW202204583A (en) | 2022-02-01 |
EP4165151A1 (en) | 2023-04-19 |
KR20230023754A (en) | 2023-02-17 |
AU2021293804A1 (en) | 2022-12-08 |
WO2021257382A1 (en) | 2021-12-23 |
CA3182281A1 (en) | 2021-12-23 |
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