TWI769282B - Ocular optical system - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本發明是有關於一種光學系統,且特別是有關於一種目鏡光學系統。The present invention relates to an optical system, and in particular to an eyepiece optical system.
虛擬實境(virtual reality, VR)是利用電腦技術模擬產生一個三維空間的虛擬世界,提供使用者關於視覺、聽覺等感官模擬,讓使用者感覺身歷其境。目前現有的VR裝置都是以視覺體驗為主。藉由對應左右眼的兩個視角略有差異的分割畫面來模擬人眼的視差,以達到立體視覺。為了縮小虛擬實境裝置的體積,讓使用者藉由較小的顯示畫面得到放大的視覺感受,具有放大功能的目鏡光學系統成了VR研究發展的其中一個主題。Virtual reality (VR) is a virtual world that uses computer technology to simulate a three-dimensional space, providing users with visual, auditory and other sensory simulations, allowing users to feel immersed in the environment. At present, the existing VR devices are mainly based on visual experience. The parallax of the human eye is simulated by splitting the screen corresponding to the slightly different viewing angles of the left and right eyes to achieve stereoscopic vision. In order to reduce the size of the virtual reality device and allow users to gain a magnified visual experience through a smaller display screen, the eyepiece optical system with magnification function has become one of the topics of VR research and development.
現有的目鏡光學系統之半眼視視角較小,讓觀察者感到視覺狹窄、解析度低且像差嚴重到顯示畫面要先進行像差補償,另外,色差明顯亦難以滿足使用者的需求。因此,如何增加半眼視視角並加強成像品質是目鏡光學系統一個需要改善的問題。The existing eyepiece optical system has a small half-eye viewing angle, which makes the observer feel that the vision is narrow, the resolution is low, and the aberration is so severe that the display image needs to be compensated first. In addition, the chromatic aberration is obvious and it is difficult to meet the needs of the user. Therefore, how to increase the half-eye viewing angle and enhance the imaging quality is a problem that needs to be improved for the eyepiece optical system.
本發明提供一種目鏡光學系統,其可有效增加半眼視視角,並加強成像品質。The present invention provides an eyepiece optical system, which can effectively increase the half-eye viewing angle and enhance the imaging quality.
本發明的一實施例提出一種目鏡光學系統,用於使成像光線從顯示畫面經目鏡光學系統進入觀察者的眼睛而成像。朝向眼睛的方向為目側,朝向顯示畫面的方向為顯示側。目鏡光學系統從目側至顯示側沿一光軸依序包括一第一透鏡、一第二透鏡及一第三透鏡。第一透鏡至第三透鏡各自具有朝向目側且使成像光線通過的一目側面及朝向顯示側且使成像光線通過的一顯示側面。第一透鏡的目側面的一光軸區域為凸面,第二透鏡的目側面的一圓周區域為凸面,且第三透鏡的目側面的一圓周區域為凹面。目鏡光學系統符合:TL/G3D≦4.600;以及0.800≦G3D/(T1+AAG),其中TL為第一透鏡的目側面到第三透鏡的顯示側面在光軸上的一距離,G3D為第三透鏡到顯示畫面在光軸上的一距離,T1為第一透鏡在光軸上的一厚度,且AAG為第一透鏡至第三透鏡在光軸上的三個空氣間隙的總和。目鏡光學系統中具有屈光率的透鏡只有第一透鏡、第二透鏡及第三透鏡。An embodiment of the present invention provides an eyepiece optical system, which is used for imaging light from a display screen to enter an observer's eye through the eyepiece optical system to form an image. The direction toward the eyes is the eye side, and the direction toward the display screen is the display side. The eyepiece optical system sequentially includes a first lens, a second lens and a third lens along an optical axis from the eye side to the display side. Each of the first lens to the third lens has an eye side facing the eye side and allowing the imaging light to pass, and a display side facing the display side and allowing the imaging light to pass. An optical axis region of the ocular side of the first lens is convex, a circumferential region of the ocular side of the second lens is convex, and a circumferential region of the ocular side of the third lens is concave. The eyepiece optical system conforms to: TL/G3D≦4.600; and 0.800≦G3D/(T1+AAG), where TL is the distance on the optical axis from the eye side of the first lens to the display side of the third lens, and G3D is the third lens A distance from the lens to the display screen on the optical axis, T1 is a thickness of the first lens on the optical axis, and AAG is the sum of three air gaps from the first lens to the third lens on the optical axis. The lenses with refractive power in the eyepiece optical system are only the first lens, the second lens and the third lens.
基於上述,由於本發明的實施例的目鏡光學系統的第一透鏡的目側面的一光軸區域為凸面,第二透鏡的目側面的一圓周區域為凸面,且第三透鏡的目側面的一圓周區域為凹面,因此可有效增加目鏡光學系統的半眼視視角,且可加強目鏡光學系統的成像品質。Based on the above, in the eyepiece optical system of the embodiment of the present invention, an optical axis area of the eye side of the first lens is convex, a circumferential area of the eye side of the second lens is convex, and an optical axis area of the eye side of the third lens is convex. The circumferential area is concave, so the half-eye viewing angle of the eyepiece optical system can be effectively increased, and the imaging quality of the eyepiece optical system can be enhanced.
為讓本發明的上述特徵和優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉實施例,並配合所附圖式作詳細說明如下。In order to make the above-mentioned features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the following embodiments are given and described in detail with the accompanying drawings as follows.
一般而言,目鏡光學系統V100的光線方向為一成像光線VI由顯示畫面V50射出,經由目鏡光學系統V100進入眼睛V60,於眼睛V60的視網膜聚焦成像並且於虛像距離VD產生一放大虛像VV,如圖1所示。在以下說明本案之光學規格的判斷準則是假設光線方向逆追跡(reversely tracking)為一平行成像光線由目側經過目鏡光學系統到顯示畫面聚焦成像。Generally speaking, the light direction of the eyepiece optical system V100 is that an imaging light VI emerges from the display screen V50, enters the eye V60 through the eyepiece optical system V100, focuses on the retina of the eye V60 and generates an enlarged virtual image VV at the virtual image distance VD, such as Figure 1. In the following description, the criterion for determining the optical specifications of the present case is to assume that the direction of the light rays is reversely tracked (reversely tracking) as a parallel imaging light beam from the eye side through the eyepiece optical system to focus on the display screen for imaging.
本說明書之光學系統包含至少一透鏡,接收入射光學系統之平行於光軸至相對光軸呈半眼視視角(ω)角度內的成像光線。成像光線通過光學系統於顯示畫面上成像。所言之「一透鏡具有正屈光率(或負屈光率)」,是指所述透鏡以高斯光學理論計算出來之近軸屈光率為正(或為負)。所言之「透鏡之目側面(或顯示側面)」定義為成像光線通過透鏡表面的特定範圍。成像光線包括至少兩類光線:主光線(chief ray)Lc及邊緣光線(marginal ray)Lm(如圖2所示)。透鏡之目側面(或顯示側面)可依不同位置區分為不同區域,包含光軸區域、圓周區域、或在部分實施例中的一個或多個中繼區域,該些區域的說明將於下方詳細闡述。The optical system of this specification includes at least one lens, which receives the imaging light from the incident optical system that is parallel to the optical axis to within a half-eye viewing angle (ω) angle relative to the optical axis. The imaging light is imaged on the display screen through the optical system. The expression "a lens has a positive refractive power (or a negative refractive power)" means that the paraxial refractive power of the lens is positive (or negative) calculated by the Gaussian optical theory. The so-called "eye side (or display side) of the lens" is defined as the specific range of the imaging light passing through the surface of the lens. Imaging rays include at least two types of rays: chief ray (chief ray) Lc and marginal ray (marginal ray) Lm (as shown in FIG. 2 ). The eye side (or display side) of the lens can be divided into different areas according to different positions, including the optical axis area, the circumferential area, or in some embodiments, one or more relay areas, the description of these areas will be detailed below elaborate.
圖2為透鏡100的徑向剖視圖。定義透鏡100表面上的二參考點:中心點及轉換點。透鏡表面的中心點為該表面與光軸I的一交點。如圖2所例示,第一中心點CP1位於透鏡100的目側面110,第二中心點CP2位於透鏡100的顯示側面120。轉換點是位於透鏡表面上的一點,且該點的切線與光軸I垂直。定義透鏡表面之光學邊界OB為通過該透鏡表面徑向最外側的邊緣光線Lm與該透鏡表面相交的一點。所有的轉換點皆位於光軸I與透鏡表面之光學邊界OB之間。除此之外,若單一透鏡表面有複數個轉換點,則該些轉換點由徑向向外的方向依序自第一轉換點開始命名。例如,第一轉換點TP1(最靠近光軸I)、第二轉換點TP2(如圖5所示)及第N轉換點(距離光軸I最遠)。FIG. 2 is a radial cross-sectional view of the
定義從中心點至第一轉換點TP1的範圍為光軸區域,其中,該光軸區域包含中心點。定義距離光軸I最遠的第N轉換點徑向向外至光學邊界OB的區域為圓周區域。在部分實施例中,可另包含介於光軸區域與圓周區域之間的中繼區域,中繼區域的數量取決於轉換點的數量。A range from the center point to the first transition point TP1 is defined as an optical axis area, wherein the optical axis area includes the center point. The area of the Nth conversion point farthest from the optical axis I radially outward to the optical boundary OB is defined as a circumferential area. In some embodiments, a relay area may be further included between the optical axis area and the circumference area, and the number of relay areas depends on the number of conversion points.
當平行光軸I之光線通過一區域後,若光線朝光軸I偏折且與光軸I的交點位在透鏡顯示側A2,則該區域為凸面。當平行光軸I之光線通過一區域後,若光線的延伸線與光軸I的交點位在透鏡目側A1,則該區域為凹面。When the light rays parallel to the optical axis I pass through an area, if the light rays are deflected toward the optical axis I and the intersection with the optical axis I is on the display side A2 of the lens, the area is convex. When the light parallel to the optical axis I passes through an area, if the intersection of the extension line of the light and the optical axis I is at the eye side A1 of the lens, the area is concave.
除此之外,參見圖2,透鏡100還可包含一由光學邊界OB徑向向外延伸的組裝部130。組裝部130一般來說用以供該透鏡100組裝於光學系統之一相對應元件(圖未示)。成像光線並不會到達該組裝部130。組裝部130之結構與形狀僅為說明本發明之示例,不以此限制本發明的範圍。下列討論之透鏡的組裝部130可能會在圖式中被部分或全部省略。In addition, referring to FIG. 2 , the
參見圖3,定義中心點CP與第一轉換點TP1之間為光軸區域Z1。定義第一轉換點TP1與透鏡表面的光學邊界OB之間為圓周區域Z2。如圖3所示,平行光線211在通過光軸區域Z1後與光軸I在透鏡200的顯示側A2相交,即平行光線211通過光軸區域Z1的焦點位於透鏡200顯示側A2的R點。由於光線與光軸I相交於透鏡200顯示側A2,故光軸區域Z1為凸面。反之,平行光線212在通過圓周區域Z2後發散。如圖3所示,平行光線212通過圓周區域Z2後的延伸線EL與光軸I在透鏡200的目側A1相交,即平行光線212通過圓周區域Z2的焦點位於透鏡200目側A1的M點。由於光線的延伸線EL與光軸I相交於透鏡200目側A1,故圓周區域Z2為凹面。於圖3所示的透鏡200中,第一轉換點TP1是光軸區域與圓周區域的分界,即第一轉換點TP1為凸面轉凹面的分界點。Referring to FIG. 3 , an optical axis area Z1 is defined between the center point CP and the first transition point TP1 . A circumferential zone Z2 is defined between the first transition point TP1 and the optical boundary OB of the lens surface. As shown in FIG. 3 , the
另一方面,光軸區域的面形凹凸判斷還可依該領域中通常知識者的判斷方式,即藉由近軸的曲率半徑(簡寫為R值)的正負號來判斷透鏡之光軸區域面形的凹凸。R值可常見被使用於光學設計軟體中,例如Zemax或CodeV。R值亦常見於光學設計軟體的透鏡資料表(lens data sheet)中。以目側面來說,當R值為正時,判定為目側面的光軸區域為凸面;當R值為負時,判定目側面的光軸區域為凹面。反之,以顯示側面來說,當R值為正時,判定顯示側面的光軸區域為凹面;當R值為負時,判定顯示側面的光軸區域為凸面。此方法判定的結果與前述藉由光線/光線延伸線與光軸的交點判定方式的結果一致,光線/光線延伸線與光軸交點的判定方式即為以一平行光軸之光線的焦點位於透鏡之目側或顯示側來判斷面形凹凸。本說明書所描述之「一區域為凸面(或凹面)」、「一區域為凸(或凹)」或「一凸面(或凹面)區域」可被替換使用。On the other hand, the surface shape concave and convex of the optical axis region can also be judged according to the judgment method of ordinary knowledgeable persons in the field, that is, by the sign of the paraxial curvature radius (abbreviated as R value) to judge the optical axis region surface of the lens shaped bumps. R-values are commonly used in optical design software such as Zemax or CodeV. R-values are also commonly found in lens data sheets of optical design software. For the ocular side, when the R value is positive, it is determined that the optical axis area of the ocular side is convex; when the R value is negative, it is determined that the optical axis area of the ocular side is concave. Conversely, for the display side, when the R value is positive, the optical axis area of the display side is determined to be concave; when the R value is negative, the optical axis area of the display side is determined to be convex. The results determined by this method are consistent with the results of the aforementioned method of determining the intersection of the ray/ray extension line and the optical axis. The determination method of the intersection point of the ray/ray extension line and the optical axis is that the focal point of a light parallel to the optical axis is located on the lens. The eye side or the display side is used to judge the unevenness of the surface. "A region is convex (or concave)", "a region is convex (or concave)" or "a convex (or concave) region" described in this specification may be used interchangeably.
圖4至圖6提供了在各個情況下判斷透鏡區域的面形及區域分界的範例,包含前述之光軸區域、圓周區域及中繼區域。4 to 6 provide examples of judging the surface shape of the lens area and the area boundary in each case, including the aforementioned optical axis area, circumferential area and relay area.
圖4為透鏡300的徑向剖視圖。參見圖4,透鏡300的顯示側面320在光學邊界OB內僅存在一個轉換點TP1。透鏡300的顯示側面320的光軸區域Z1及圓周區域Z2如圖4所示。此顯示側面320的R值為正(即R>0),因此,光軸區域Z1為凹面。FIG. 4 is a radial cross-sectional view of the
一般來說,以轉換點為界的各個區域面形會與相鄰的區域面形相反,因此,可用轉換點來界定面形的轉變,即自轉換點由凹面轉凸面或由凸面轉凹面。於圖4中,由於光軸區域Z1為凹面,面形於轉換點TP1轉變,故圓周區域Z2為凸面。Generally speaking, the surface shape of each area bounded by the transition point is opposite to that of the adjacent area. Therefore, the transition point can be used to define the transition of the surface shape, that is, from the transition point from concave to convex or from convex to concave. In FIG. 4 , since the optical axis region Z1 is a concave surface, and the surface shape changes at the transition point TP1 , the circumferential region Z2 is a convex surface.
圖5為透鏡400的徑向剖視圖。參見圖5,透鏡400的目側面410存在一第一轉換點TP1及一第二轉換點TP2。定義光軸I與第一轉換點TP1之間為目側面410的光軸區域Z1。此目側面410的R值為正(即R>0),因此,光軸區域Z1為凸面。FIG. 5 is a radial cross-sectional view of
定義第二轉換點TP2與透鏡400的目側面410的光學邊界OB之間為圓周區域Z2,該目側面410的該圓周區域Z2亦為凸面。除此之外,定義第一轉換點TP1與第二轉換點TP2之間為中繼區域Z3,該目側面410的該中繼區域Z3為凹面。再次參見圖5,目側面410由光軸I徑向向外依序包含光軸I與第一轉換點TP1之間的光軸區域Z1、位於第一轉換點TP1與第二轉換點TP2之間的中繼區域Z3,及第二轉換點TP2與透鏡400的目側面410的光學邊界OB之間的圓周區域Z2。由於光軸區域Z1為凸面,面形自第一轉換點TP1轉變為凹,故中繼區域Z3為凹面,又面形自第二轉換點TP2再轉變為凸,故圓周區域Z2為凸面。A circumference area Z2 is defined between the second conversion point TP2 and the optical boundary OB of the
圖6為透鏡500的徑向剖視圖。透鏡500的目側面510無轉換點。對於無轉換點的透鏡表面,例如透鏡500的目側面510,定義自光軸I起算至透鏡表面光學邊界OB之間距離的0~50%為光軸區域,自光軸I起算至透鏡表面光學邊界OB之間距離的50~100%為圓周區域。參見圖6所示之透鏡500,定義光軸I至自光軸I起算到透鏡500表面光學邊界OB之間距離的50%為目側面510的光軸區域Z1。此目側面510的R值為正(即R>0),因此,光軸區域Z1為凸面。由於透鏡500的目側面510無轉換點,因此目側面510的圓周區域Z2亦為凸面。透鏡500更可具有組裝部(圖未示)自圓周區域Z2徑向向外延伸。FIG. 6 is a radial cross-sectional view of
圖7為本發明之第一實施例之目鏡光學系統的示意圖,而圖8A至圖8D為第一實施例之目鏡光學系統的縱向球差與各項像差圖。請先參照圖7,本發明的第一實施例之目鏡光學系統10用於使顯示畫面99的成像光線經由目鏡光學系統10及觀察者的眼睛的瞳孔0進入觀察者的眼睛而成像,顯示畫面可為垂直光軸,也可為與光軸夾一不等於90度的角度。目側A1是朝向觀察者的眼睛的方向的一側,而顯示側A2是朝向顯示畫面99的方向的一側。在本實施例中,目鏡光學系統10從目側A1至顯示側A2沿一光軸I依序包括一第一透鏡1、一第二透鏡2及一第三透鏡3。當顯示畫面99的成像光線發出後,會依序通過第三透鏡3、第二透鏡2及第一透鏡1,然後經由觀察者的瞳孔0進入觀察者的眼睛。接著,成像光線會在觀察者的眼睛的視網膜形成一影像。具體而言,目鏡光學系統10的第一透鏡1至第三透鏡3各自具有朝向目側A1且使成像光線通過的目側面15、25、35及朝向顯示側A2且使成像光線通過的顯示側面16、26、36。7 is a schematic diagram of the eyepiece optical system according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 8A to 8D are diagrams of longitudinal spherical aberration and various aberrations of the eyepiece optical system according to the first embodiment. 7 , the eyepiece
此外,為了滿足產品輕量化的需求,第一透鏡1、第二透鏡2及第三透鏡3皆具備屈光率且由塑膠材質所製成,但第一透鏡1、第二透鏡2及第三透鏡3的材質不以此為限。在本實施例中,目鏡光學系統10中具有屈光率的透鏡只有第一透鏡1、第二透鏡2及第三透鏡3。In addition, in order to meet the demand for light weight of products, the
第一透鏡1具有正屈光率。第一透鏡1的目側面15的光軸區域151為凸面,且其圓周區域153為凸面。第一透鏡1的顯示側面16的光軸區域161為凸面,且其圓周區域163為凸面。第二透鏡2具有正屈光率。第二透鏡2的目側面25的光軸區域251為凸面,且其圓周區域253為凸面。在本實施例中,第二透鏡2的顯示側面26為菲涅耳表面(Fresnel surface)265,即菲涅耳透鏡的表面。菲涅耳透鏡的表面具有多個同心環形齒,其圍繞一中央凸面,每一環形齒具有能夠將入射光折射至預定方向的有效子面以及連接相鄰兩有效子面的無效子面。此外,中央凸面亦能將入射光折射至預定方向。第二透鏡2的顯示側面26的光軸區域261為凸面,且其圓周區域263為凸面。第三透鏡3具有負屈光率,第三透鏡3的目側面35的光軸區域352為凹面,且其圓周區域354為凹面。第三透鏡3的顯示側面36的光軸區域362為凹面,且其圓周區域363為凸面。The
第一實施例的其他詳細光學數據如圖9所示。第一實施例的目鏡光學系統10的整體系統焦距(effective focal length, EFL)為34.853 毫米(millimeter, mm),半眼視視角(half apparent field of view, ω)為45.012∘,而光圈值(f-number, Fno)為6.971。具體而言,本說明書中的「光圈值」是根據光的可逆性原理,將觀察者的瞳孔0視為入射光瞳所計算而得的光圈值。此外,第一實施例的目鏡光學系統10的觀察者的單眼之最大視角所對應之顯示畫面99的顯示像圓之直徑(image circle diameter, ICD)為49.5 mm,其中顯示像圓即為觀察者單眼透過目鏡光學系統10可視之最大顯示畫面範圍,且第一實施例的目鏡光學系統10的鏡頭總長(total track length, TTL)為41.200 mm,其中TTL為第一透鏡1的目側面15到顯示畫面99在光軸I上的距離。另外,圖9中的有效半徑是指光學有效直徑(clear aperture)的一半。Other detailed optical data of the first embodiment are shown in FIG. 9 . The overall system focal length (effective focal length, EFL) of the eyepiece
在本實施例中,目側面15、25及35是非球面,顯示側面16及36是非球面,且顯示側面26為菲涅耳表面265,其中此菲涅耳表面265的每個環形齒的有效子面及中央凸面為非球面,而以下顯示側面26的非球面係數是用來表示菲涅耳表面265的這些環形齒的有效子面及中央凸面,且這些非球面是依下列公式定義: -----------(1) 其中: Y:非球面曲線上的點與光軸I的垂直距離; Z:非球面之深度(非球面上距離光軸I為Y的點,與相切於非球面光軸I上頂點之切面,兩者間的垂直距離); R:透鏡表面近光軸I處的曲率半徑; K:錐面係數(conic constant); ai
:第i階非球面係數。In this embodiment, the side faces 15 , 25 and 35 of the eye are aspherical, the side faces 16 and 36 are shown as being aspherical, and the
目側面15、25、35與顯示側面16、26、36在公式(1)中的各項非球面係數如圖10所示。其中,圖10中欄位編號15表示其為第一透鏡1的目側面15的非球面係數,其它欄位依此類推。The aspherical coefficients of the mesh sides 15, 25, 35 and the display sides 16, 26, 36 in the formula (1) are shown in FIG. 10 . Wherein, the
另外,第一實施例之目鏡光學系統10中各重要參數間的關係如圖31所示。 其中, EFL為目鏡光學系統10的系統焦距,即目鏡光學系統10的有效焦距(effective focal length, EFL); ω為目鏡光學系統10的半眼視視角(half apparent field of view),即觀察者的一半視野角度,如圖1所繪示; T1為第一透鏡1在光軸I上的厚度; T2為第二透鏡2在光軸I上的厚度; T3為第三透鏡3在光軸I上的厚度; G12為第一透鏡1的顯示側面16到第二透鏡2的目側面25在光軸I上的距離,即第一透鏡1到第二透鏡2在光軸I上的空氣間隙; G23為第二透鏡2的顯示側面26到第三透鏡3的目側面35在光軸I上的距離,即第二透鏡2到第三透鏡3在光軸I上的空氣間隙; G3D為第三透鏡3的顯示側面36到顯示畫面99在光軸I上的距離; TTL為第一透鏡1的目側面15到顯示畫面99在光軸I上的距離; TL為第一透鏡1的目側面15到第三透鏡3的顯示側面36在光軸I上的距離; ER為出瞳距離(Eye relief),為觀察者的瞳孔0到第一透鏡1的目側面15在光軸I上的距離; SL為系統長度,為觀察者的瞳孔0到顯示畫面99在光軸I上的距離; EPD為目鏡光學系統10的出瞳直徑D1(Eye pupil diameter,如圖1所繪示),為對應於觀察者的瞳孔0的直徑,白天例如為3 mm,晚上例如可到7 mm,如圖1所繪示; ICD為觀察者的單眼之最大視角所對應之顯示畫面99的顯示像圓之直徑D2(Image circle diameter,如圖1所繪示); VD為虛像距離,即為放大虛像VV與觀察者的瞳孔0(即出瞳)的距離,如圖1所繪示之虛像距離VD,其中眼睛可以清楚聚焦的最近距離稱為明視距離,青年人的明視距離通常為250 mm; ALT為第一透鏡1至第三透鏡3在光軸I上的透鏡厚度的總和,即T1、T2與T3之和; AAG為第一透鏡1至第三透鏡3在光軸I上的二個空氣間隙的總和,即G12與G23之和; R1為第一透鏡1的目側面15的光學有效半徑(half of clear aperture); R2為第二透鏡2的目側面25的光學有效半徑; R3為第三透鏡3的目側面35的光學有效半徑; 另外,再定義: f1為第一透鏡1的焦距; f2為第二透鏡2的焦距; f3為第三透鏡3的焦距; n1為第一透鏡1的折射率; n2為第二透鏡2的折射率; n3為第三透鏡3的折射率; V1為第一透鏡1的阿貝數(Abbe number); V2為第二透鏡2的阿貝數; V3為第三透鏡3的阿貝數。In addition, the relationship between the important parameters in the eyepiece
再配合參閱圖8A至圖8D,圖8A至圖8D為第一實施例之目鏡光學系統的各項像差圖,且為假設光線方向逆追跡為一平行成像光線由目側A1依序經過瞳孔0以及目鏡光學系統10到顯示畫面99聚焦成像所得的各項像差圖。在本實施例中,上述各項像差圖中呈現的各項像差表現會決定來自顯示畫面99的成像光線於觀察者的眼睛的視網膜成像的各項像差表現。也就是說,當上述各項像差圖中呈現的各項像差較小時,觀察者的眼睛的視網膜的成像的各項像差表現也會較小,使得觀察者可以觀看到成像品質較佳的影像。Referring to FIGS. 8A to 8D together, FIGS. 8A to 8D are various aberration diagrams of the eyepiece optical system of the first embodiment, and it is assumed that the reverse tracing of the ray direction is a parallel imaging ray passing through the pupil sequentially from the eye side A1. 0 and various aberration diagrams obtained by focusing and imaging the eyepiece
具體而言,圖8A的圖式說明第一實施例的縱向球差(longitudinal spherical aberration),圖8B與圖8C的圖式則分別說明第一實施例有關弧矢(sagittal)方向的場曲(field curvature)像差及子午(tangential)方向的場曲像差,圖8D的圖式則說明第一實施例的畸變像差(distortion aberration)。本第一實施例的縱向球差圖示圖8A是在光瞳半徑(pupil radius)為2.5000 mm時(即目鏡光學系統10的出瞳直徑EPD為5.000 mm時)所模擬的。另外,本第一實施例的縱向球差圖示圖8A中,每一種波長所成的曲線皆很靠近並向中間靠近,說明每一種波長不同高度的離軸光線皆集中在成像點附近,由每一波長的曲線的偏斜幅度可看出,不同高度的離軸光線的成像點偏差控制在±0.28 mm的範圍內,故本實施例確實明顯改善相同波長的球差,此外,486奈米、588奈米以及656奈米三種代表波長彼此間的距離也相當接近,代表不同波長光線的成像位置已相當集中,因而使色像差也獲得明顯改善。Specifically, the diagram of FIG. 8A illustrates the longitudinal spherical aberration (longitudinal spherical aberration) of the first embodiment, and the diagrams of FIG. 8B and FIG. 8C respectively illustrate the curvature of field in the sagittal direction of the first embodiment ( The field curvature aberration and the field curvature aberration in the tangential direction, and the diagram in FIG. 8D illustrates the distortion aberration of the first embodiment. The longitudinal spherical aberration diagram of the first embodiment in FIG. 8A is simulated when the pupil radius (pupil radius) is 2.5000 mm (ie, when the exit pupil diameter EPD of the eyepiece
在圖8B與圖8C的二個場曲像差圖示中,三種代表波長在整個視場範圍內的場曲像差落在±3.5 mm的範圍內,說明本第一實施例的目鏡光學系統10能有效消除像差。而圖8D的畸變像差圖式則顯示本第一實施例的畸變像差維持在±30%的範圍內,說明本第一實施例的畸變像差已符合光學系統的成像品質要求,據此說明本第一實施例相較於現有目鏡光學系統,在TTL已縮短至41.200 mm左右的條件下,仍能提供較佳的成像品質,故本第一實施例能在維持良好光學性能之條件下縮短目鏡光學系統,以實現薄型化的產品設計。此外,本第一實施例的目鏡光學系統10具有較大的眼視視角,且能夠修正像差而維持良好的成像品質。In the two diagrams of field curvature aberrations in FIGS. 8B and 8C , the field curvature aberrations of the three representative wavelengths in the entire field of view fall within the range of ±3.5 mm, illustrating the eyepiece optical system of the first embodiment. 10 can effectively eliminate aberrations. The distortion aberration diagram of FIG. 8D shows that the distortion aberration of the first embodiment is maintained within the range of ±30%, indicating that the distortion aberration of the first embodiment has met the imaging quality requirements of the optical system, and accordingly It is explained that compared with the existing eyepiece optical system, the first embodiment can still provide better imaging quality under the condition that the TTL has been shortened to about 41.200 mm, so the first embodiment can maintain good optical performance under the condition The eyepiece optical system is shortened to achieve a thinner product design. In addition, the eyepiece
圖11為本發明的第二實施例的目鏡光學系統的示意圖,而圖12A至圖12D為第二實施例之目鏡光學系統的縱向球差與各項像差圖。請先參照圖11,本發明目鏡光學系統10的一第二實施例,其與第一實施例大致相似,而兩者的差異如下所述。第二實施例與第一實施例在各光學數據、非球面係數及第一透鏡1至第三透鏡3的參數或多或少有些不同。此外,在第二實施例中,第一透鏡1的目側面15的圓周區域154為凹面,且第三透鏡3的顯示側面36的圓周區域364為凹面。在此需注意的是,為了清楚地顯示圖面,圖11中省略與第一實施例相似的光軸區域與圓周區域的標號。11 is a schematic diagram of the eyepiece optical system according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 12A to 12D are longitudinal spherical aberration diagrams and various aberration diagrams of the eyepiece optical system according to the second embodiment. 11, a second embodiment of the eyepiece
第二實施例的目鏡光學系統10詳細的光學數據如圖13所示,且第二實施例的目鏡光學系統10的整體系統焦距為36.586 mm,半眼視視角(ω)為39.997∘,光圈值(Fno)為7.317,ICD為50 mm,且TTL為43.760 mm。The detailed optical data of the eyepiece
如圖14所示,則為第二實施例的第一透鏡1至第三透鏡3的目側面15、25及35與顯示側面16、26及36在公式(1)中的各項非球面係數。As shown in FIG. 14 , it is the aspheric coefficients of the eye surfaces 15 , 25 and 35 and the display surfaces 16 , 26 and 36 of the
另外,第二實施例之目鏡光學系統10中各重要參數間的關係如圖31所示。In addition, the relationship between the important parameters in the eyepiece
本第二實施例的縱向球差圖示圖12A是在光瞳半徑為2.000 mm時(即目鏡光學系統10的出瞳直徑EPD為4.000mm時)所模擬的。本第二實施例的縱向球差圖示圖12A中,不同高度的離軸光線的成像點偏差控制在±0.28 mm的範圍內。在圖12B與圖12C的二個場曲像差圖示中,三種代表波長在整個視場範圍內的場曲像差落在±1.1 mm的範圍內。而圖12D的畸變像差圖式則顯示本第二實施例的畸變像差維持在±19%的範圍內。據此說明本第二實施例相較於現有目鏡光學系統,在TTL已縮短至43.760 mm左右的條件下,仍能提供較佳的成像品質。The longitudinal spherical aberration diagram of the second embodiment in FIG. 12A is simulated when the pupil radius is 2.000 mm (ie, when the exit pupil diameter EPD of the eyepiece
經由上述說明可得知,第二實施例相較於第一實施例的優點在於:第二實施例的場曲小於第一實施例的場曲,且第二實施例的畸變像差小於第一實施例的畸變像差。此外,第二實施例的透鏡的光軸與圓周區域的厚薄差異比第一實施例小,所以第二實施例比第一實施例易於製造,因此良率較高。It can be seen from the above description that the advantages of the second embodiment compared with the first embodiment are that the field curvature of the second embodiment is smaller than that of the first embodiment, and the distortion aberration of the second embodiment is smaller than that of the first embodiment. Examples of distortion aberrations. In addition, the thickness difference between the optical axis and the circumferential area of the lens of the second embodiment is smaller than that of the first embodiment, so the second embodiment is easier to manufacture than the first embodiment, and thus the yield is higher.
圖15為本發明的第三實施例的目鏡光學系統的示意圖,而圖16A至圖16D為第三實施例之目鏡光學系統的縱向球差與各項像差圖。請先參照圖15,本發明目鏡光學系統10的一第三實施例,其與第一實施例大致相似,而兩者的主要差異如下所述。第三實施例與第一實施例的各光學數據、非球面係數及第一透鏡1至第三透鏡3的參數或多或少有些不同。此外,在第三實施例中,第三透鏡3的顯示側面36的圓周區域364為凹面。在此需注意的是,為了清楚地顯示圖面,圖15中省略與第一實施例相似的光軸區域與圓周區域的標號。15 is a schematic diagram of the eyepiece optical system of the third embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 16A to 16D are longitudinal spherical aberration diagrams and various aberrations of the eyepiece optical system of the third embodiment. 15, a third embodiment of the eyepiece
第三實施例的目鏡光學系統10詳細的光學數據如圖17所示,且第三實施例的目鏡光學系統10的整體系統焦距為37.170 mm,半眼視視角(ω)為45.100∘,光圈值(Fno)為7.434,ICD為64 mm,且TTL為46.580 mm。The detailed optical data of the eyepiece
如圖18所示,則為第三實施例的第一透鏡1至第三透鏡3的目側面15、25及35與顯示側面16、26及36在公式(1)中的各項非球面係數。As shown in FIG. 18 , the aspherical coefficients of the eye surfaces 15 , 25 and 35 and the display surfaces 16 , 26 and 36 of the
另外,第三實施例之目鏡光學系統10中各重要參數間的關係如圖31所示。In addition, the relationship between the important parameters in the eyepiece
本第三實施例的縱向球差圖示圖16A是在光瞳半徑為2.5000 mm時(即在目鏡光學系統10的出瞳直徑EPD為5.000 mm時)所模擬的。本第三實施例的縱向球差圖示圖16A中,不同高度的離軸光線的成像點偏差控制在±0.36 mm的範圍內。在圖16B與圖16C的二個場曲像差圖示中,三種代表波長在整個視場範圍內的場曲像差落在±1.6 mm的範圍內。而圖16D的畸變像差圖式則顯示本第三實施例的畸變像差維持在±15%的範圍內。據此說明本第三實施例相較於現有目鏡光學系統,在TTL已縮短至46.580 mm左右的條件下,仍能提供較佳的成像品質。The longitudinal spherical aberration diagram of the present third embodiment in FIG. 16A is simulated when the pupil radius is 2.5000 mm (ie, when the exit pupil diameter EPD of the eyepiece
經由上述說明可得知,第三實施例相較於第一實施例的優點在於:第三實施例的半眼視視角大於第一實施例的半眼視視角,第三實施例的場曲小於第一實施例的場曲,且第三實施例的畸變像差小於第一實施例的畸變像差。此外,第三實施例的透鏡的光軸與圓周區域的厚薄差異比第一實施例小,所以第三實施例比第一實施例易於製造,因此良率較高。As can be seen from the above description, the advantages of the third embodiment compared with the first embodiment are that the half-eye viewing angle of the third embodiment is larger than the half-eye viewing angle of the first embodiment, and the field curvature of the third embodiment is smaller than that of the first embodiment. The field curvature of the embodiment, and the distortion aberration of the third embodiment is smaller than the distortion aberration of the first embodiment. In addition, the thickness difference between the optical axis and the circumferential area of the lens of the third embodiment is smaller than that of the first embodiment, so the third embodiment is easier to manufacture than the first embodiment, and thus the yield is higher.
圖19為本發明的第四實施例的目鏡光學系統的示意圖,而圖20A至圖20D為第四實施例之目鏡光學系統的縱向球差與各項像差圖。請先參照圖19,本發明目鏡光學系統10的一第四實施例,其與第一實施例大致相似,而兩者的主要差異如下所述。第四實施例與第一實施例的各光學數據、非球面係數及第一透鏡1至第三透鏡3的參數或多或少有些不同。此外,在第四實施例中,第三透鏡3的顯示側面36的圓周區域364為凹面。在此需注意的是,為了清楚地顯示圖面,圖19中省略與第一實施例相似的光軸區域與圓周區域的標號。19 is a schematic diagram of the eyepiece optical system of the fourth embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 20A to 20D are longitudinal spherical aberration diagrams and various aberrations of the eyepiece optical system of the fourth embodiment. 19, a fourth embodiment of the eyepiece
目鏡光學系統10詳細的光學數據如圖21所示,且第四實施例的目鏡光學系統10的整體系統焦距為40.517 mm,半眼視視角(ω)為44.949∘,光圈值(Fno)為8.103,ICD為71 mm,且TTL為50.290 mm。The detailed optical data of the eyepiece
如圖22所示,則為第四實施例的第一透鏡1至第三透鏡3的目側面15、25及35與顯示側面16、26及36在公式(1)中的各項非球面係數。As shown in FIG. 22 , it is the aspheric coefficients of the eye surfaces 15 , 25 and 35 and the display surfaces 16 , 26 and 36 of the
另外,第四實施例之目鏡光學系統10中各重要參數間的關係如圖31所示。In addition, the relationship among the important parameters in the eyepiece
本第四實施例的縱向球差圖示圖20A是在光瞳半徑為2.5000 mm時(即在目鏡光學系統10的出瞳直徑EPD為5.000 mm時)所模擬的。本第四實施例的縱向球差圖示圖20A中,不同高度的離軸光線的成像點偏差控制在±0.48 mm的範圍內。在圖20B與圖20C的二個場曲像差圖示中,三種代表波長在整個視場範圍內的場曲像差落在±2.4 mm的範圍內。而圖20D的畸變像差圖式則顯示本第四實施例的畸變像差維持在±13%的範圍內。據此說明本第四實施例相較於現有目鏡光學系統,在TTL已縮短至50.290 mm左右的條件下,仍能提供較佳的成像品質。The longitudinal spherical aberration diagram of the present fourth embodiment in FIG. 20A is simulated when the pupil radius is 2.5000 mm (ie, when the exit pupil diameter EPD of the eyepiece
經由上述說明可得知,第四實施例相較於第一實施例的優點在於:第四實施例的場曲像差小於第一實施例的場曲像差,且第四實施例的畸變像差小於第一實施例的畸變像差。此外,第四實施例的透鏡的光軸與圓周區域的厚薄差異比第一實施例小,所以第四實施例比第一實施例易於製造,因此良率較高。It can be seen from the above description that the advantages of the fourth embodiment compared with the first embodiment are that the field curvature aberration of the fourth embodiment is smaller than that of the first embodiment, and the distortion image of the fourth embodiment is smaller than that of the first embodiment. The difference is smaller than the distortion aberration of the first embodiment. In addition, the thickness difference between the optical axis and the circumferential area of the lens of the fourth embodiment is smaller than that of the first embodiment, so the fourth embodiment is easier to manufacture than the first embodiment, and thus the yield is higher.
圖23為本發明的第五實施例的目鏡光學系統的示意圖,而圖24A至圖24D為第五實施例之目鏡光學系統的縱向球差與各項像差圖。請先參照圖23,本發明目鏡光學系統10的一第五實施例,其與第一實施例大致相似,而兩者的主要差異如下所述。第五實施例與第一實施例的各光學數據、非球面係數及第一透鏡1至第三透鏡3的參數或多或少有些不同。此外,在第五實施例中,第三透鏡3的顯示側面36的圓周區域364為凹面。在此需注意的是,為了清楚地顯示圖面,圖23中省略與第一實施例相似的光軸區域與圓周區域的標號。23 is a schematic diagram of the eyepiece optical system according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 24A to 24D are longitudinal spherical aberration diagrams and various aberration diagrams of the eyepiece optical system according to the fifth embodiment. Referring to FIG. 23 first, a fifth embodiment of the eyepiece
第五實施例的目鏡光學系統10詳細的光學數據如圖25所示,且第五實施例的目鏡光學系統10的整體系統焦距為38.314 mm,半眼視視角(ω)為40.138∘,光圈值(Fno)為7.663,ICD為56 mm,且TTL為47.310 mm。The detailed optical data of the eyepiece
如圖26所示,則為第五實施例的第一透鏡1至第三透鏡3的目側面15、25及35與顯示側面16、26及36在公式(1)中的各項非球面係數。As shown in FIG. 26 , the aspheric coefficients of the eye surfaces 15 , 25 and 35 and the display surfaces 16 , 26 and 36 of the
另外,第五實施例之目鏡光學系統10中各重要參數間的關係如圖31所示。In addition, the relationship between the important parameters in the eyepiece
本第五實施例的縱向球差圖示圖24A是在光瞳半徑為2.5000 mm時(即在目鏡光學系統10的出瞳直徑EPD為5.000 mm時)所模擬的。本第五實施例的縱向球差圖示圖24A中,不同高度的離軸光線的成像點偏差控制在±0.42 mm的範圍內。在圖24B與圖24C的二個場曲像差圖示中,三種代表波長在整個視場範圍內的場曲像差落在±1.2 mm的範圍內。而圖24D的畸變像差圖式則顯示本第五實施例的畸變像差維持在±14%的範圍內。據此說明本第五實施例相較於現有目鏡光學系統,在TTL已縮短至47.310 mm左右的條件下,仍能提供較佳的成像品質。The longitudinal spherical aberration diagram of this fifth embodiment is simulated in FIG. 24A when the pupil radius is 2.5000 mm (ie, when the exit pupil diameter EPD of the eyepiece
經由上述說明可得知,第五實施例相較於第一實施例的優點在於:第五實施例的場曲小於第一實施例的場曲,且第五實施例的畸變像差小於第一實施例的畸變像差。此外,第五實施例的透鏡的光軸與圓周區域的厚薄差異比第一實施例小,所以第五實施例比第一實施例易於製造,因此良率較高。It can be seen from the above description that the advantages of the fifth embodiment compared with the first embodiment are that the field curvature of the fifth embodiment is smaller than that of the first embodiment, and the distortion aberration of the fifth embodiment is smaller than that of the first embodiment. Examples of distortion aberrations. In addition, the thickness difference between the optical axis and the circumferential region of the lens of the fifth embodiment is smaller than that of the first embodiment, so the fifth embodiment is easier to manufacture than the first embodiment, and thus the yield is higher.
圖27為本發明的第六實施例的目鏡光學系統的示意圖,而圖28A至圖28D為第六實施例之目鏡光學系統的縱向球差與各項像差圖。請先參照圖27,本發明目鏡光學系統10的一第六實施例,其與第一實施例大致相似,而兩者的主要差異如下所述。第六實施例與第一實施例的各光學數據、非球面係數及第一透鏡1至第三透鏡3的參數或多或少有些不同。此外,在第六實施例中,第三透鏡3的顯示側面36的光軸區域361為凸面,且第三透鏡3的顯示側面36的圓周區域364為凹面。在此需注意的是,為了清楚地顯示圖面,圖27中省略與第一實施例相似的光軸區域與圓周區域的標號。27 is a schematic diagram of the eyepiece optical system of the sixth embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 28A to 28D are longitudinal spherical aberration diagrams and various aberrations of the eyepiece optical system of the sixth embodiment. Referring first to FIG. 27 , a sixth embodiment of the eyepiece
第六實施例的目鏡光學系統10詳細的光學數據如圖29所示,且第六實施例的目鏡光學系統10的整體系統焦距為25.781 mm,半眼視視角(ω)為45.303∘,光圈值(Fno)為5.156,ICD為50 mm,且TTL為41.320 mm。The detailed optical data of the eyepiece
如圖30所示,則為第六實施例的第一透鏡1至第三透鏡3的目側面15、25及35與顯示側面16、26及36在公式(1)中的各項非球面係數。As shown in FIG. 30 , it is the aspheric coefficients of the eye surfaces 15 , 25 and 35 and the display surfaces 16 , 26 and 36 of the
另外,第六實施例之目鏡光學系統10中各重要參數間的關係如圖31所示。In addition, the relationship among the important parameters in the eyepiece
本第六實施例的縱向球差圖示圖28A是在光瞳半徑為2.5000 mm時(即在目鏡光學系統10的出瞳直徑EPD為5.000 mm時)所模擬的。本第六實施例的縱向球差圖示圖28A中,不同高度的離軸光線的成像點偏差控制在±0.6 mm的範圍內。在圖28B與圖28C的二個場曲像差圖示中,三種代表波長在整個視場範圍內的場曲像差落在±2.3 mm的範圍內。而圖28D的畸變像差圖式則顯示本第六實施例的畸變像差維持在±4.5%的範圍內。據此說明本第六實施例相較於現有目鏡光學系統,在TTL已縮短至41.320 mm左右的條件下,仍能提供較佳的成像品質。The longitudinal spherical aberration diagram of the sixth embodiment in FIG. 28A is simulated when the pupil radius is 2.5000 mm (ie, when the exit pupil diameter EPD of the eyepiece
經由上述說明可得知,第六實施例相較於第一實施例的優點在於:第六實施例的半眼視視角大於第一實施例的半眼視視角,第六實施例的場曲小於第一實施例的場曲,且第六實施例的畸變像差小於第一實施例的畸變像差。It can be seen from the above description that the advantages of the sixth embodiment compared with the first embodiment are that the half-eye viewing angle of the sixth embodiment is larger than the half-eye viewing angle of the first embodiment, and the field curvature of the sixth embodiment is smaller than that of the first embodiment. The field curvature of the embodiment, and the distortion aberration of the sixth embodiment is smaller than that of the first embodiment.
再配合參閱圖31。圖31為上述第一實施例至第六實施例的各項光學參數的表格圖,其中「T1」至「EFL」那些列的參數的單位為毫米(mm)。See Figure 31 for further cooperation. FIG. 31 is a tabular diagram of various optical parameters of the above-mentioned first to sixth embodiments, wherein the units of parameters in the columns “T1” to “EFL” are millimeters (mm).
當本發明的實施例的目鏡光學系統10中的各項光學參數間的關係式符合下列條件式或符合下列設計的至少其中之一時,可協助設計者設計出具備良好光學性能、整體長度有效縮短、且技術上可行之目鏡光學系統:When the relationship between various optical parameters in the eyepiece
一、透過以下設計之相互搭配可有效增加半眼視視角並加強成像品質:第一透鏡1的目側面15的光軸區域151為凸面及第二透鏡2的目側面25的圓周區域253為凸面的設計有利於放大影像,搭配第三透鏡3的目側面35的圓周區域354為凹面的設計能夠有效改善色差、提升成像品質。1. The combination of the following designs can effectively increase the half-eye viewing angle and enhance the imaging quality: the
二、250毫米(mm)為明視距離,其為青年人眼睛可以清楚聚焦的最近之距離,則系統之放大率可近似於250mm與EFL的比值,因此目鏡光學系統10可滿足2.500≦250毫米/EFL≦25.000,如此會使得系統放大率不致過大而增加透鏡厚度與製造困難度,且EFL不致過長而影響系統長度。2. 250 millimeters (mm) is the photopic distance, which is the closest distance that young eyes can focus clearly, so the magnification of the system can be approximated by the ratio of 250mm to EFL, so the eyepiece
三、目鏡光學系統10可滿足下列條件式的至少其中之一,目的為使各透鏡的厚度與間隔維持一適當值,避免任一參數過大而不利於目鏡光學系統10整體之薄型化,或是避免任一參數過小而影響組裝或是提高製造上之困難度: G23/(G12+T3)≦2.000,較佳的範圍為0.600≦G23/(G12+T3)≦2.000; ALT/(T1+G12+T3)≦1.700,較佳的範圍為1.100≦ALT/(T1+G12+T3)≦1.700; T2/T3≦2.300,較佳的範圍為1.500≦T2/T3≦2.300; T1/T2≦1.400,較佳的範圍為0.700≦T1/T2≦1.400; T1/G23≦2.500,較佳的範圍為1.000≦T1/G23≦2.500; (AAG+T1)/T2≦2.300,較佳的範圍為1.500≦(AAG+T1)/T2≦2.300; ALT/T2≦3.300,較佳的範圍為2.200≦ALT/T2≦3.300; AAG/G23≦1.200,較佳的範圍為1.000≦AAG/G23≦1.200; (T1+G12)/T2≦1.700,較佳的範圍為0.800≦(T1+G12)/T2≦1.700; (T1+G12+T2+G23)/T3≦6.400,較佳的範圍為3.900≦(T1+G12+T2+G23)/T3≦6.400; 0.800≦G3D/(T1+AAG) ,較佳的範圍為0.800≦G3D/(T1+AAG)≦2.200; 3.100≦ALT/AAG,較佳的範圍為3.100≦ALT/AAG≦5.000; 1.300≦(G12+T2)/G23,較佳的範圍為1.300≦(G12+T2)/G23≦2.000。3. The eyepiece optical system 10 can satisfy at least one of the following conditional expressions, the purpose is to keep the thickness and spacing of each lens at an appropriate value, to avoid any parameter being too large and unfavorable for the overall thinning of the eyepiece optical system 10, or Avoid any parameter that is too small to affect assembly or increase the difficulty of manufacturing: G23/(G12+T3)≦2.000, the preferred range is 0.600≦G23/(G12+T3)≦2.000; ALT/(T1+G12 +T3)≦1.700, the preferred range is 1.100≦ALT/(T1+G12+T3)≦1.700; T2/T3≦2.300, the preferred range is 1.500≦T2/T3≦2.300; T1/T2≦1.400, The preferred range is 0.700≦T1/T2≦1.400; T1/G23≦2.500, the preferred range is 1.000≦T1/G23≦2.500; (AAG+T1)/T2≦2.300, the preferred range is 1.500≦( AAG+T1)/T2≦2.300; ALT/T2≦3.300, the preferred range is 2.200≦ALT/T2≦3.300; AAG/G23≦1.200, the preferred range is 1.000≦AAG/G23≦1.200; (T1+ G12)/T2≦1.700, the preferred range is 0.800≦(T1+G12)/T2≦1.700; (T1+G12+T2+G23)/T3≦6.400, the preferred range is 3.900≦(T1+G12+ T2+G23)/T3≦6.400; 0.800≦G3D/(T1+AAG) , the preferred range is 0.800≦G3D/(T1+AAG)≦2.200; 3.100≦ALT/AAG, the preferred range is 3.100≦ALT /AAG≦5.000; 1.300≦(G12+T2)/G23, the preferred range is 1.300≦(G12+T2)/G23≦2.000.
四、目鏡光學系統10可滿足下列條件式,目的是為使系統焦距與光學各參數維持一適當值,避免任一參數過大而不利於目鏡光學系統10整體之像差的修正,或是避免任一參數過小而影響組裝或是提高製造上之困難度: EFL/G3D≦2.000,較佳的範圍為1.400≦EFL/G3D≦2.000。4. The eyepiece
五、目鏡光學系統10可滿足下列條件式的至少其中之一,使光學元件參數與目鏡光學系統10長度比值維持一適當值,避免參數過小不利於生產製造,或是避免參數過大而使得目鏡光學系統10長度過長: TL/G3D≦4.600,較佳的範圍為0.800≦TL/G3D≦4.600,更佳的範圍為0.800≦TL/G3D≦2.500; TTL/(T3+G3D)≦2.500,較佳的範圍為1.300≦TTL/(T3+G3D)≦2.500; TL/G23≦6.800,較佳的範圍為3.600≦TL/G23≦6.800; 0.900≦EFL/TL,較佳的範圍為0.900≦EFL/TL≦2.000; 1.800≦TTL/ALT,較佳的範圍為1.800≦TTL/ALT≦2.500; 1.400≦TTL/TL,較佳的範圍為1.400≦TTL/TL≦2.500。5. The eyepiece
有鑑於光學系統設計的不可預測性,在本發明的架構之下,符合上述條件式能較佳地使本發明目鏡光學系統10具有較短的系統長度、較大的半眼視視角、較佳的成像品質,或是較良好的組裝良率而改善先前技術的缺點。In view of the unpredictability of optical system design, under the framework of the present invention, satisfying the above conditional formula can preferably make the eyepiece
此外,關於前述所列之示例性限定關係式,亦可任意選擇性地合併不等數量施用於本發明之實施態樣中,並不限於此。實施本發明時,除了前述關係式之外,亦可針對透鏡額外設計出其他更多的透鏡的凹凸曲面排列等細部結構,以加強對系統性能及/或解析度的控制。須注意的是,此些細節需在無衝突之情況之下,選擇性地合併施用於本發明之其他實施例當中。In addition, regarding the above-mentioned exemplary limiting relational expressions, unequal quantities can also be optionally combined and applied to the embodiments of the present invention, which are not limited thereto. When implementing the present invention, in addition to the aforementioned relational expressions, other detailed structures such as the arrangement of concave-convex curved surfaces of the lenses can be additionally designed to enhance the control of system performance and/or resolution. It should be noted that these details may be selectively incorporated into other embodiments of the present invention without conflict.
本發明之各個實施例所揭露之光學參數的組合比例關係所得的包含最大最小值以內的數值範圍皆可據以實施。The numerical ranges including the maximum and minimum values obtained by the combination ratio relationship of the optical parameters disclosed in the various embodiments of the present invention can be implemented accordingly.
綜上所述,本發明各實施例的縱向球差、場曲像差、畸變皆符合使用規範。另外,656奈米(紅光)、588奈米(綠光)、486奈米(藍光)三種代表波長在不同高度的離軸光線皆集中在成像點附近,由每一曲線的偏斜幅度可看出不同高度的離軸光線的成像點偏差皆獲得控制而具有良好的球差、像差、畸變抑制能力。進一步參閱成像品質數據,656奈米、588奈米、486奈米三種代表波長彼此間的距離亦相當接近,顯示本發明的實施例在各種狀態下對不同波長光線的集中性佳而具有優良的色散抑制能力,故透過上述可知本發明的實施例具備良好光學性能。因此,本發明的實施例的目鏡光學系統兼具輕薄及大眼視視角的特性,且具有良好的光學成像品質。To sum up, the longitudinal spherical aberration, field curvature aberration, and distortion of the embodiments of the present invention all meet the usage specifications. In addition, 656 nm (red light), 588 nm (green light), and 486 nm (blue light) three types of off-axis light with different wavelengths at different heights are concentrated near the imaging point, and the skew amplitude of each curve can be determined. It can be seen that the deviation of the imaging point of the off-axis rays of different heights is controlled and has good spherical aberration, aberration and distortion suppression ability. Further referring to the imaging quality data, the distances between the three representative wavelengths of 656 nm, 588 nm, and 486 nm are also quite close to each other, which shows that the embodiments of the present invention have good concentration of light with different wavelengths under various conditions and have excellent performance. Dispersion suppression ability, so it can be seen from the above that the embodiments of the present invention have good optical performance. Therefore, the eyepiece optical system of the embodiment of the present invention has the characteristics of lightness and thinness and a large viewing angle, and has good optical imaging quality.
雖然本發明已以實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明的精神和範圍內,當可作些許的更動與潤飾,故本發明的保護範圍當視後附的申請專利範圍所界定者為準。Although the present invention has been disclosed above by the embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone with ordinary knowledge in the technical field can make some changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, The protection scope of the present invention shall be determined by the scope of the appended patent application.
0‧‧‧瞳孔1‧‧‧第一透鏡10、V100‧‧‧目鏡光學系統100、200、300、400、500‧‧‧透鏡130‧‧‧組裝部15、25、35、110、410、510‧‧‧目側面16、26、36、120、320‧‧‧顯示側面2‧‧‧第二透鏡211、212‧‧‧平行光線265‧‧‧菲涅耳表面3‧‧‧第三透鏡99、V50‧‧‧顯示畫面A1‧‧‧目側A2‧‧‧顯示側CP‧‧‧中心點CP1‧‧‧第一中心點CP2‧‧‧第二中心點D1‧‧‧出瞳直徑D2‧‧‧顯示像圓之直徑EL‧‧‧延伸線I‧‧‧光軸Lm‧‧‧邊緣光線Lc‧‧‧主光線OB‧‧‧光學邊界M、R‧‧‧相交點TP1‧‧‧第一轉換點TP2‧‧‧第二轉換點V60‧‧‧眼睛VD‧‧‧虛像距離VI‧‧‧成像光線VV‧‧‧放大虛像Z1、151、161、251、261、352、361、362‧‧‧光軸區域Z2、153、154、163、253、263、354、363、364‧‧‧圓周區域ω‧‧‧半眼視視角Z3‧‧‧中繼區域0‧‧‧
圖1是一示意圖,說明一目鏡光學系統。 圖2是一示意圖,說明一透鏡的面型結構。 圖3是一示意圖,說明一透鏡的面型凹凸結構及光線焦點。 圖4是一示意圖,說明一範例一的透鏡的面型結構。 圖5是一示意圖,說明一範例二的透鏡的面型結構。 圖6是一示意圖,說明一範例三的透鏡的面型結構。 圖7為本發明之第一實施例之目鏡光學系統的示意圖。 圖8A至圖8D為第一實施例之目鏡光學系統的縱向球差與各項像差圖。 圖9示出本發明之第一實施例之目鏡光學系統的詳細光學數據。 圖10示出本發明之第一實施例之目鏡光學系統的非球面參數。 圖11為本發明的第二實施例的目鏡光學系統的示意圖。 圖12A至圖12D為第二實施例之目鏡光學系統的縱向球差與各項像差圖。 圖13示出本發明之第二實施例之目鏡光學系統的詳細光學數據。 圖14示出本發明之第二實施例之目鏡光學系統的非球面參數。 圖15為本發明的第三實施例的目鏡光學系統的示意圖。 圖16A至圖16D為第三實施例之目鏡光學系統的縱向球差與各項像差圖。 圖17示出本發明之第三實施例之目鏡光學系統的詳細光學數據。 圖18示出本發明之第三實施例之目鏡光學系統的非球面參數。 圖19為本發明的第四實施例的目鏡光學系統的示意圖。 圖20A至圖20D為第四實施例之目鏡光學系統的縱向球差與各項像差圖。 圖21示出本發明之第四實施例之目鏡光學系統的詳細光學數據。 圖22示出本發明之第四實施例之目鏡光學系統的非球面參數。 圖23為本發明的第五實施例的目鏡光學系統的示意圖。 圖24A至圖24D為第五實施例之目鏡光學系統的縱向球差與各項像差圖。 圖25示出本發明之第五實施例之目鏡光學系統的詳細光學數據。 圖26示出本發明之第五實施例之目鏡光學系統的非球面參數。 圖27為本發明的第六實施例的目鏡光學系統的示意圖。 圖28A至圖28D為第六實施例之目鏡光學系統的縱向球差與各項像差圖。 圖29示出本發明之第六實施例之目鏡光學系統的詳細光學數據。 圖30示出本發明之第六實施例之目鏡光學系統的非球面參數。 圖31示出本發明之第一至第六實施例之目鏡光學系統的各重要參數及其關係式的數值。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an eyepiece optical system. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the surface structure of a lens. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a surface concave-convex structure and a light focus of a lens. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the surface structure of an example 1 lens. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a surface structure of a lens of Example 2. FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a surface structure of a lens of Example 3. FIG. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the eyepiece optical system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 8A to 8D are diagrams of longitudinal spherical aberration and various aberrations of the eyepiece optical system of the first embodiment. FIG. 9 shows detailed optical data of the eyepiece optical system of the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 shows the aspheric parameters of the eyepiece optical system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 11 is a schematic diagram of an eyepiece optical system according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 12A to 12D are diagrams of longitudinal spherical aberration and various aberrations of the eyepiece optical system of the second embodiment. FIG. 13 shows detailed optical data of the eyepiece optical system of the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 shows the aspherical parameters of the eyepiece optical system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 15 is a schematic diagram of an eyepiece optical system according to a third embodiment of the present invention. 16A to 16D are diagrams of longitudinal spherical aberration and various aberrations of the eyepiece optical system of the third embodiment. FIG. 17 shows detailed optical data of the eyepiece optical system of the third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 18 shows the aspheric parameters of the eyepiece optical system of the third embodiment of the present invention. 19 is a schematic diagram of an eyepiece optical system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. 20A to 20D are diagrams of longitudinal spherical aberration and various aberrations of the eyepiece optical system of the fourth embodiment. FIG. 21 shows detailed optical data of the eyepiece optical system of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 22 shows the aspheric parameters of the eyepiece optical system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. 23 is a schematic diagram of an eyepiece optical system according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. 24A to 24D are diagrams of longitudinal spherical aberration and various aberrations of the eyepiece optical system of the fifth embodiment. FIG. 25 shows detailed optical data of the eyepiece optical system of the fifth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 26 shows the aspherical parameters of the eyepiece optical system according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. 27 is a schematic diagram of an eyepiece optical system according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. 28A to 28D are diagrams of longitudinal spherical aberration and various aberrations of the eyepiece optical system of the sixth embodiment. FIG. 29 shows detailed optical data of the eyepiece optical system of the sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 30 shows the aspherical parameters of the eyepiece optical system according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 31 shows the important parameters of the eyepiece optical systems according to the first to sixth embodiments of the present invention and the numerical values of their relational expressions.
0‧‧‧瞳孔 0‧‧‧Pupil
1‧‧‧第一透鏡 1‧‧‧First lens
10‧‧‧目鏡光學系統 10‧‧‧Eyepiece Optical System
15、25、35‧‧‧目側面 15, 25, 35‧‧‧eye side
151、161、251、261、352、362‧‧‧光軸區域 151, 161, 251, 261, 352, 362‧‧‧optical axis area
153、163、253、263、354、363‧‧‧圓周區域 153, 163, 253, 263, 354, 363‧‧‧Circumferential area
16、26、36‧‧‧顯示側面 16, 26, 36‧‧‧Display side
2‧‧‧第二透鏡 2‧‧‧Second Lens
265‧‧‧菲涅耳表面 265‧‧‧Fresnel surface
3‧‧‧第三透鏡 3‧‧‧Third lens
99‧‧‧顯示畫面 99‧‧‧Display screen
A1‧‧‧目側 A1‧‧‧eye side
A2‧‧‧顯示側 A2‧‧‧Display side
I‧‧‧光軸 I‧‧‧optical axis
ω‧‧‧半眼視視角 ω‧‧‧Half-eye viewing angle
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JP2013109050A (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2013-06-06 | Showa Optronics Co Ltd | Eyepiece |
JP2016038521A (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-03-22 | キヤノン株式会社 | Finder optical system, and observation device and imaging device including the same |
WO2017079985A1 (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2017-05-18 | 深圳纳德光学有限公司 | Eyepiece optical system with large field-of-view angle, and head-mounted display apparatus |
TW201732347A (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2017-09-16 | 玉晶光電股份有限公司 | Ocular optical system |
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CN110727101A (en) | 2020-01-24 |
CN110727101B (en) | 2022-08-02 |
TW201901217A (en) | 2019-01-01 |
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