TWI764427B - straddle vehicle - Google Patents

straddle vehicle

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Publication number
TWI764427B
TWI764427B TW109143868A TW109143868A TWI764427B TW I764427 B TWI764427 B TW I764427B TW 109143868 A TW109143868 A TW 109143868A TW 109143868 A TW109143868 A TW 109143868A TW I764427 B TWI764427 B TW I764427B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
capacitor
engine
battery
magnet generator
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TW109143868A
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Chinese (zh)
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TW202128472A (en
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日野陽至
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日商山葉發動機股份有限公司
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本發明之目的在於提供一種可提高作為啟動引擎之電源之電容器之有效利用之頻度的跨坐型車輛。跨坐型車輛具備車輪、引擎、永久磁鐵式發電機、變流器、電容器、電池、及路徑切換電路。路徑切換電路與變流器、上述永久磁鐵式發電機、及蓄電裝置電連接，且於引擎輸出曲軸之旋轉之方向之轉矩之期間、且於利用藉由上述永久磁鐵式發電機發電而自上述變流器輸出之電力對電容器充電之期間之至少一部分中，將上述變流器與電池之電連接切斷。An object of the present invention is to provide a straddle-type vehicle that can increase the frequency of effective use of a capacitor as a power source for starting an engine. The straddle-type vehicle includes wheels, an engine, a permanent magnet generator, an inverter, a capacitor, a battery, and a path switching circuit. The path switching circuit is electrically connected to the inverter, the permanent magnet generator, and the power storage device, and is used to generate power from the permanent magnet generator while the engine outputs torque in the direction of rotation of the crankshaft. During at least a part of the period during which the electric power output from the inverter charges the capacitor, the electrical connection between the inverter and the battery is cut off.

Description

跨坐型車輛straddle vehicle

本發明係關於一種跨坐型車輛。 The present invention relates to a straddle-type vehicle.

例如，專利文獻1中揭示有一種機車。專利文獻1之機車具備ACG啟動器(alternating current generator starter，交流發電機啟動器)、電池、及電容器。 For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a locomotive. The locomotive of Patent Document 1 includes an ACG starter (alternating current generator starter), a battery, and a capacitor.

於專利文獻1之機車中，電池及與電池連接之電容器於引擎之運轉過程中，於無升壓斬波器控制之情況下藉由ACG啟動器之發電電力充電。於引擎啟動時，自電池與電容器對ACG啟動器供給電力。藉由ACG啟動器之動作而啟動引擎。 In the locomotive of Patent Document 1, the battery and the capacitor connected to the battery are charged by the power generated by the ACG starter without the control of the boost chopper during the operation of the engine. When the engine is started, power is supplied to the ACG starter from the battery and the capacitor. The engine is started by the action of the ACG starter.

[先前技術文獻] [Prior Art Literature] [專利文獻] [Patent Literature]

專利文獻1：國際公開第2018/173981號 Patent Document 1: International Publication No. 2018/173981

於跨坐型車輛中，要求進一步提高作為使引擎啟動之電源之電容器之有效利用之頻度。 In a straddle-type vehicle, the frequency of effective use of a capacitor as a power source for starting an engine is required to be further increased.

本發明之目的在於提供一種可進一步提高作為使引擎啟動之電源之電容器之有效利用之頻度的跨坐型車輛。 An object of the present invention is to provide a saddle-riding vehicle that can further increase the frequency of effective use of a capacitor as a power source for starting an engine.

根據專利文獻1之跨坐型車輛，電池及電容器於引擎之運轉過程中，接收由ACG啟動器之發電電力形成之電壓。 According to the straddle-type vehicle of Patent Document 1, the battery and the capacitor receive a voltage formed by the power generated by the ACG starter during the operation of the engine.

然而，電池與電容器之充電速度、及伴隨充電產生之電壓變化互不相同。電容器之電壓與充電電荷量成比例。相對於此，電池之電壓與充電電荷量相關聯，但充電時電壓之上升量與電容器之情形時相比較小。電池通常較電容器而言充電容量較大。 However, the charging speed of the battery and the capacitor and the voltage change accompanying the charging are different from each other. The voltage of the capacitor is proportional to the amount of charge charged. On the other hand, the voltage of the battery is related to the amount of charged electric charge, but the amount of voltage rise during charging is smaller than that of the capacitor. Batteries generally have a higher charge capacity than capacitors.

於引擎啟動時，電池及電容器之電荷被消耗而電壓降低。於引擎啟動之後電池及電容器被充電。例如，於電池及電容器分別單獨地被充電之情形時，電容器於相對短時間內充滿電，電容器之電壓達到供給電壓。相對於此，電池充滿電需要長時間。又，伴隨充電產生之電池電壓之上升緩慢。 When the engine is started, the charge of the battery and capacitor is consumed and the voltage is lowered. The battery and capacitor are charged after the engine is started. For example, in the case where the battery and the capacitor are charged separately, the capacitor is fully charged in a relatively short time, and the voltage of the capacitor reaches the supply voltage. In contrast, it takes a long time for the battery to fully charge. In addition, the rise of the battery voltage accompanying charging is slow.

專利文獻1所示之電容器之電壓會受電池電壓之影響。更詳細而言，電容器之電壓受逐漸上升之電池之電壓限制。其結果，與電容器單獨充電之情形時不同，電容器充滿電需要長時間。即，電容器難以充滿電。 The voltage of the capacitor shown in Patent Document 1 is affected by the battery voltage. In more detail, the voltage of the capacitor is limited by the voltage of the battery which is gradually rising. As a result, it takes a long time to fully charge the capacitor, unlike the case where the capacitor is charged alone. That is, it is difficult for the capacitor to be fully charged.

其結果，於接下來使引擎啟動之情形時，容易產生自未充滿電之電容器對ACG啟動器供給電力之情況。因此，電容器之有效利用之頻度容易變低。 As a result, when starting the engine next, it is easy to supply power to the ACG starter from the capacitor that is not fully charged. Therefore, the frequency of effective use of the capacitor tends to be low.

本發明者為了提高跨坐型車輛之作為使引擎啟動之電源之電容器之有效利用的頻度，特意研究了將電容器之電連接切斷。更詳細而言，於跨坐型車輛之引擎將曲軸之旋轉之方向之轉矩自曲軸輸出之期間、且電池被充電之期間之至少一部分中，嘗試將變流器與電容器之電連接切斷。藉此，可降低電池之電壓對電容器之電壓之影響。即便於引擎將曲軸之旋轉之方向之轉矩自曲軸輸出之期間，電容器亦會於短時間內充滿電， 電容器之電壓達到供給發電之程度。 In order to increase the frequency of effective use of a capacitor as a power source for starting an engine in a straddle-type vehicle, the inventors of the present invention have deliberately studied to cut off the electrical connection of the capacitor. More specifically, during at least a part of the period during which the engine of the saddle-riding vehicle outputs the torque in the direction of rotation of the crankshaft from the crankshaft and the battery is charged, an attempt is made to cut off the electrical connection between the inverter and the capacitor. . Thereby, the influence of the voltage of the battery on the voltage of the capacitor can be reduced. Even when the engine outputs the torque in the direction of rotation of the crankshaft from the crankshaft, the capacitor will be fully charged in a short time, The voltage of the capacitor reaches the level of supplying electricity.

例如，於日本專利特表2015-107689號公報中揭示有，於油電混合車(HEV)之回充即行駛中之制動中，對電容器進行充電，於電容器充滿電之後對電池進行充電。於日本專利特表2015-107689號公報中所揭示之油電混合車係汽車。該汽車於起動或急加速等高負載驅動之情形時利用電容器之電力進行輔助。 For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-107689 discloses charging a capacitor during recharging of a hybrid vehicle (HEV), that is, braking while driving, and charging a battery after the capacitor is fully charged. The hybrid vehicle disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-107689. The car uses the power of the capacitor to assist in the situation of high load driving such as starting or rapid acceleration.

於日本專利特表2015-107689號公報之汽車中，要求將車輛本身之驅動所使用之電量蓄積於電容器中。因此，於油電混合車行駛之後，會等待制動之回充之時序對電容器進行充電。即，於引擎輸出與曲軸之旋轉相反方向之轉矩之期間對電容器進行充電。於等待回充之時序進行充電之情形時，電容器之有效利用之頻度容易變低。 In the automobile of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-107689, it is required to store the electric power used for driving the vehicle itself in a capacitor. Therefore, after the hybrid vehicle is driven, it will wait for the braking recharging sequence to charge the capacitor. That is, the capacitor is charged while the engine outputs torque in the opposite direction to the rotation of the crankshaft. In the case of waiting for the recharge sequence to be charged, the frequency of effective utilization of the capacitor tends to be lower.

相對於此，於對跨坐型車輛之使引擎啟動之電容器進行充電之情形時，無需等待回充即跨坐型車輛之行駛，便可有效利用引擎輸出曲軸之旋轉之方向之轉矩之期間內的發電電力。於引擎輸出曲軸之旋轉之方向之轉矩之期間，藉由將電池與電容器之電連接切斷，而使電容器於短時間內充滿電，電容器之電壓達到供給發電之程度。其結果，可提高跨坐型車輛之作為使引擎啟動之電源之電容器之有效利用的頻度。 On the other hand, in the case of charging the capacitor for starting the engine of the straddle-type vehicle, the period during which the engine output torque in the direction of rotation of the crankshaft can be effectively utilized when the straddle-type vehicle is driven without waiting for recharging. generated electricity within. When the engine outputs the torque in the direction of rotation of the crankshaft, by cutting off the electrical connection between the battery and the capacitor, the capacitor is fully charged in a short time, and the voltage of the capacitor reaches the level of supplying power generation. As a result, the frequency of effective use of the capacitor as a power source for starting the engine of the saddle-riding vehicle can be increased.

基於以上之知識見解完成之本發明之各觀點的車輛具備以下構成。 The vehicle of each aspect of the present invention completed based on the above knowledge has the following structure.

(1)一種跨坐型車輛，上述跨坐型車輛具備：車輪；引擎，其具有曲軸，且將藉由燃燒動作而產生之用以驅動上述車輪 之轉矩自上述曲軸輸出；永久磁鐵式發電機，其設置於上述曲軸之一端部，且具有永久磁鐵，藉由使上述曲軸旋轉而啟動上述引擎，並且藉由被上述引擎驅動而發電；變流器，其具備控制自上述永久磁鐵式發電機輸出之電流之複數個開關部；電容器，其具有能夠充入使上述引擎啟動至少1次之電量的靜電容量，且蓄積經由上述變流器自上述永久磁鐵式發電機輸出之電力；電池，其蓄積經由上述變流器自上述永久磁鐵式發電機輸出之電力；及路徑切換電路，其與上述變流器、上述永久磁鐵式發電機、及蓄電裝置電連接；上述路徑切換電路於上述引擎將上述曲軸之旋轉之方向之轉矩自上述曲軸輸出之期間、且於利用藉由上述永久磁鐵式發電機發電而自上述變流器輸出之電力對上述電容器充電之期間，將上述變流器與上述電池之電連接切斷，於藉由上述永久磁鐵式發電機使上述曲軸旋轉而啟動上述引擎之期間之至少一部分中，將充入至具有能夠充入使上述引擎啟動至少1次之電量之靜電容量的上述電容器之電力供給至永久磁鐵式發電機。 (1) A saddle-riding vehicle comprising: wheels; and an engine having a crankshaft, which is generated by a combustion operation to drive the wheels The torque is output from the above-mentioned crankshaft; a permanent magnet generator, which is arranged on one end of the above-mentioned crankshaft, and has a permanent magnet, starts the above-mentioned engine by rotating the above-mentioned crankshaft, and generates electricity by being driven by the above-mentioned engine; a current transformer including a plurality of switching parts for controlling the current output from the permanent magnet generator; a capacitor having an electrostatic capacity capable of being charged with an amount of electricity required to start the engine at least once, and stored in the current transformer electric power output from the permanent magnet generator; a battery that stores the electric power output from the permanent magnet generator through the inverter; and a path switching circuit, which is connected with the inverter, the permanent magnet generator, and The power storage device is electrically connected; the path switching circuit utilizes the electric power output from the inverter by the electric power generated by the permanent magnet generator while the engine outputs the torque in the direction of the rotation of the crankshaft from the crankshaft. During the period of charging the capacitor, the electrical connection between the converter and the battery is cut off, and during at least a part of the period during which the engine is started by rotating the crankshaft by the permanent magnet generator, the battery is charged to a The electric power of the said capacitor|condenser which can charge the electrostatic capacity of the electric quantity which can start the said engine at least once is supplied to a permanent magnet type generator.

於上述構成中之引擎將曲軸之旋轉之方向之轉矩自曲軸輸出之期間、且藉由跨坐型車輛之永久磁鐵式發電機發電而對電容器充電之期間之至少一部分中，路徑切換電路將變流器與電池之電連接切斷。即，變流器與電池之電連接之切斷係於該期間之一部分或全部進行。該切斷例如實質上於該期間之全部中進行。例如，該期間內進行該電連接之切斷之 期間較該期間內進行該電連接之期間長。如此，於上述構成中，於將變流器與電池之電連接切斷之情況下對電容器充電。藉此，可降低電池之電壓對於電容器之電壓之影響。例如，於電容器由自變流器輸出之電力充電之情形時，即便於電池未充滿電之情形時，電容器亦不論電池之電壓如何，均能於短時間內成為充滿電狀態。 During at least a part of the period during which the engine in the above-described configuration outputs torque in the direction of rotation of the crankshaft from the crankshaft and during at least a part of the period during which the capacitor is charged by the permanent magnet generator of the saddle-riding vehicle, the path switching circuit The electrical connection between the converter and the battery is cut off. That is, the disconnection of the electrical connection between the converter and the battery is performed in a part or all of this period. The cutting is performed, for example, during substantially the entire period. For example, the disconnection of the electrical connection during the period The period is longer than the period during which the electrical connection is made. In this way, in the above-described configuration, the capacitor is charged while the electrical connection between the inverter and the battery is disconnected. Thereby, the influence of the voltage of the battery on the voltage of the capacitor can be reduced. For example, when the capacitor is charged by the power output from the inverter, even when the battery is not fully charged, the capacitor can be fully charged in a short time regardless of the voltage of the battery.

於啟動引擎時，自電池及電容器對永久磁鐵式發電機供給電力。此時，例如，可自於引擎之上次動作中已在短時間內充滿電之電容器對永久磁鐵式發電機供給電力。因此，可提高作為啟動引擎之電源之電容器之有效利用的頻度。 When starting the engine, power is supplied to the permanent magnet generator from the battery and the capacitor. At this time, for example, the permanent magnet generator can be supplied with electric power from the capacitor which has been fully charged in a short time in the last operation of the engine. Therefore, the frequency of effective use of the capacitor as a power source for starting the engine can be increased.

(2)如(1)之跨坐型車輛，其中上述路徑切換電路於利用藉由上述永久磁鐵式發電機發電而自上述變流器輸出之電力將上述電池充電之情形時，將上述變流器與上述電容器之連接切斷。 (2) The straddle-type vehicle according to (1), wherein the path switching circuit converts the current when the battery is charged with the electric power output from the inverter by the permanent magnet generator. The connection between the device and the above capacitor is cut off.

於利用藉由上述構成中之跨坐型車輛之永久磁鐵式發電機發電而自變流器輸出之電力對電池充電的情形時，路徑切換電路將變流器與電容器之連接切斷。因此，於將變流器與電容器之電連接切斷之情況下對電池充電。藉此，電容器不論電池之電壓如何，均能維持充滿電之狀態。例如，於電容器為充滿電之情形時，降低電池之電壓對於電容器之電壓之影響。因此，可進而提高作為啟動引擎之電源之電容器之有效利用的頻度。 The path switching circuit cuts off the connection between the inverter and the capacitor when the battery is charged with the electric power output from the inverter by the permanent magnet generator of the straddle-type vehicle in the above configuration. Therefore, the battery is charged with the electrical connection between the converter and the capacitor disconnected. Thereby, the capacitor can maintain a fully charged state regardless of the voltage of the battery. For example, when the capacitor is fully charged, the effect of the voltage of the battery on the voltage of the capacitor is reduced. Therefore, the frequency of effective use of the capacitor as a power source for starting the engine can be further increased.

(3)如(2)之跨坐型車輛，其中上述路徑切換電路於較將上述變流器與上述電池之連接切斷且使上述電容器充電之期間更後之期間，將上述變流器與上述電容器之連接切斷 且使上述電池充電。 (3) The straddle-type vehicle according to (2), wherein the path switching circuit switches the inverter to the battery during a period later than a period during which the connection between the inverter and the battery is disconnected and the capacitor is charged. The connection of the above capacitors is cut off And the above-mentioned battery is charged.

於上述構成中之跨坐型車輛中，於電容器及電池之兩者需要充電之情形時，於對電容器充電之後，將變流器與電容器之連接切斷。例如，即便於電池未充滿電之情形時，電容器亦不論電池之電壓如何均能維持已充電之狀態。 In the straddle-type vehicle of the above configuration, when both the capacitor and the battery need to be charged, the connection between the converter and the capacitor is cut off after the capacitor is charged. For example, even when the battery is not fully charged, the capacitor can maintain a charged state regardless of the voltage of the battery.

(4)如(1)~(3)中任一項之跨坐型車輛，其中永久磁鐵式發電機具備：轉子，其具有由上述永久磁鐵構成之複數個磁極部；及定子，其具有於上述永久磁鐵式發電機之周向隔開間隔而形成有複數個溝槽及複數個齒的定子芯、及以通過上述溝槽之方式設置的繞線；上述磁極部之數量較上述複數個齒之數量多。 (4) The saddle-riddled vehicle according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the permanent magnet generator includes: a rotor having a plurality of magnetic pole portions formed of the permanent magnets; and a stator having a A stator core having a plurality of grooves and a plurality of teeth formed at intervals in the circumferential direction of the permanent magnet generator, and a winding provided so as to pass through the grooves; the number of the magnetic pole portions is larger than the plurality of teeth The number is large.

根據上述構成中之跨坐型車輛，與磁極部之數量較複數個齒之數量少之情形時相比，對應於轉子之旋轉速度的角速度較大。 According to the saddle-riding type vehicle in the above-described configuration, the angular velocity corresponding to the rotational speed of the rotor is larger than when the number of magnetic pole portions is smaller than the number of plural teeth.

角速度係關於以磁極之重複週期為基準之電角度之角速度。若角速度較大，則繞線之電感較大。又，角速度隨著轉子之旋轉速度之增大進而增大。繞線之電感妨礙繞線中流通之電流。因此，感應電壓隨著轉子之旋轉速度之增大而增大，但藉由較大之繞線之電感，可抑制自發電機輸出之電流之過度之增大。 The angular velocity refers to the angular velocity of the electrical angle based on the repetition period of the magnetic pole. If the angular velocity is larger, the inductance of the winding is larger. Also, the angular velocity increases as the rotational speed of the rotor increases. The inductance of the winding prevents the current flowing in the winding. Therefore, the induced voltage increases with the increase of the rotational speed of the rotor, but the excessive increase of the current output from the generator can be suppressed by the larger inductance of the winding.

因此，根據上述構成中之跨坐型車輛，與磁極部之數量較複數個齒之數量少之情形時相比，甚至於更高之曲軸之旋轉速度下亦可對蓄電裝置充電。因此，可進而提高電容器之有效利用之頻度。 Therefore, according to the straddle-type vehicle of the above configuration, the power storage device can be charged even at a higher rotational speed of the crankshaft than when the number of magnetic pole portions is smaller than the number of teeth. Therefore, the frequency of effective utilization of the capacitor can be further increased.

(5)如(1)至(3)中任一項之跨坐型車輛，其中永久磁鐵式發電機具備：轉子，其具有由上述永久磁鐵構成之複數 個磁極部，且不介隔減速機地連接於曲軸之一端部；定子，其具有於上述永久磁鐵式發電機之周向隔開間隔而形成有複數個溝槽的定子芯、及以通過上述溝槽之方式設置的定子繞線；複數個被檢測部，其等在周向隔開間隔而設置於上述轉子；及轉子位置檢測裝置，其設置於與複數個上述被檢測部對向之位置，且具有與上述定子繞線分開設置之檢測用繞線。 (5) The saddle-riddled vehicle according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the permanent magnet type generator includes a rotor having a plurality of plural numbers of the permanent magnets. a magnetic pole portion connected to one end portion of the crankshaft without interposing a reducer; a stator having a stator core with a plurality of grooves formed at intervals in the circumferential direction of the permanent magnet generator; A stator winding provided in the form of grooves; a plurality of detected parts, etc., which are arranged on the above-mentioned rotor at intervals in the circumferential direction; and a rotor position detection device, which is arranged at a position opposite to the plurality of the above-mentioned detected parts , and has a winding for detection which is arranged separately from the above-mentioned stator winding.

轉子不介隔減速機地連接於曲軸之一端部。因此，可藉由轉子位置檢測裝置，而精密地檢測轉子之旋轉位置及曲軸之旋轉位置。 The rotor is connected to one end of the crankshaft without interposing the reducer. Therefore, the rotational position of the rotor and the rotational position of the crankshaft can be precisely detected by the rotor position detection device.

具有與定子繞線分開設置之檢測用繞線之轉子位置檢測裝置，例如與霍耳IC(integrated circuit，積體電路)相比耐熱性優異。又，具有檢測用繞線之轉子位置檢測裝置由於電磁地檢測與永久磁鐵不同之被檢測部，故而例如與霍耳IC相比配置之自由度較高。因此，能夠精密地控制引擎及永久磁鐵式發電機，且可使引擎小型化。 The rotor position detection device having the detection winding provided separately from the stator winding is excellent in heat resistance compared to, for example, a Hall IC (integrated circuit). In addition, the rotor position detection device having the detection windings electromagnetically detects the detected portion different from the permanent magnet, and therefore has a higher degree of freedom of arrangement, for example, than a Hall IC. Therefore, the engine and the permanent magnet generator can be precisely controlled, and the engine can be downsized.

(6)如(1)~(5)中任一項之跨坐型車輛，其中上述引擎進而具備以利用油將內部潤滑之方式構成之曲軸箱，上述永久磁鐵式發電機設置於與上述油接觸之位置。 (6) The saddle-riddled vehicle according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the engine further includes a crankcase configured to lubricate the inside with oil, and the permanent magnet generator is provided in a connection with the oil. contact location.

根據上述構成中之跨坐型車輛，於達到較高之曲軸之旋轉速度之範圍內，可不浪費地消耗電力而將蓄電裝置充電。因此，於此種永久磁鐵式發電機中，由於定子繞線之溫度不較油之溫度高或難以變高，故而即便將永久磁鐵式發電機以與油接觸之方式配置，亦可抑制油蒸發。 According to the saddle-riding type vehicle of the above-mentioned configuration, within the range where the rotational speed of the crankshaft is relatively high, the power storage device can be charged without consuming electric power wastefully. Therefore, in such a permanent magnet generator, since the temperature of the stator winding is not higher than the temperature of the oil or is difficult to increase, even if the permanent magnet generator is arranged so as to be in contact with the oil, the oil evaporation can be suppressed. .

例如，於將永久磁鐵式發電機配置於與油接觸之環境下之情形時，通常，要求使冷卻機構大型化。然而，根據上述構成中之跨坐型車輛，可抑制或避免冷卻機構之大型化。因此，可提高電容器之有效利用之頻度， 且使車體更精簡化。 For example, when the permanent magnet generator is placed in an environment in contact with oil, it is generally required to increase the size of the cooling mechanism. However, according to the straddle-type vehicle in the above-mentioned configuration, the cooling mechanism can be suppressed or avoided from being enlarged. Therefore, the frequency of effective use of capacitors can be increased, And make the body more streamlined.

(7)如(1)~(6)中任一項之跨坐型車輛，其中上述變流器於上述跨坐型車輛之行駛過程中，對上述永久磁鐵式發電機供給來自上述蓄電裝置之電力，使上述永久磁鐵式發電機輔助曲軸之旋轉。 (7) The saddle-riddled vehicle according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the inverter supplies power from the power storage device to the permanent magnet generator during the running of the saddle-riddled vehicle. Electric power causes the permanent magnet generator to assist the rotation of the crankshaft.

根據上述構成中之跨坐型車輛，於跨坐型車輛之行駛過程中，永久磁鐵式發電機由具有較高電壓之電容器之電力驅動的可能性較高。因此，可以更高之旋轉速度驅動曲軸。因此，可以更高之旋轉速度輔助引擎所進行之加速。可進一步提高電容器之有效利用之頻度。 According to the straddle-type vehicle in the above-mentioned configuration, during the running of the straddle-type vehicle, there is a high possibility that the permanent magnet generator is driven by the electric power of the capacitor having a relatively high voltage. Therefore, the crankshaft can be driven at a higher rotational speed. Therefore, the acceleration by the engine can be assisted at a higher rotational speed. The frequency of effective use of capacitors can be further increased.

永久磁鐵式發電機具有永久磁鐵。例如，轉子具備線圈而並非永久磁鐵之構成與本構成中之永久磁鐵式發電機不同。 Permanent magnet generators have permanent magnets. For example, the configuration in which the rotor is provided with coils instead of permanent magnets is different from the permanent magnet type generator in this configuration.

電池例如為鉛電池。電池例如為深循環鉛電池。深循環鉛電池例如由於具有表面構造之複雜度較少之板，故而可抑制表面構造之消耗。因此，可抑制深放電之情形時之蓄電能力降低。但是，電池並不特別限定，例如，亦可為深循環鉛電池以外之鉛電池。又，電池例如亦可為鋰離子電池、或鎳氫電池。 The battery is, for example, a lead battery. The battery is, for example, a deep cycle lead battery. The deep-cycle lead battery, for example, has a plate with a less complex surface structure, so that the consumption of the surface structure can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the reduction of the electric storage capacity in the case of deep discharge. However, the battery is not particularly limited, and for example, a lead battery other than the deep cycle lead battery may be used. In addition, the battery may be, for example, a lithium-ion battery or a nickel-hydrogen battery.

電容器例如為鋰離子電容器。但是，電容器並不特別限定，例如，亦可為電雙層電容器、電解電容器、或鉭電容器。 The capacitor is, for example, a lithium-ion capacitor. However, the capacitor is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, an electric double layer capacitor, an electrolytic capacitor, or a tantalum capacitor.

「引擎將曲軸之旋轉之方向之轉矩自曲軸輸出之期間」包含怠速期間、加速期間、低速行駛期間。相對於此，「引擎將曲軸之旋轉之方向之轉矩自曲軸輸出之期間」不包含將與旋轉之方向相反方向之轉矩自曲軸輸出之回充期間。 "The period during which the engine outputs the torque in the direction of rotation of the crankshaft from the crankshaft" includes the idling period, the acceleration period, and the low-speed running period. On the other hand, "the period during which the engine outputs the torque in the direction of rotation of the crankshaft from the crankshaft" does not include the recharge period during which the torque in the opposite direction to the rotation direction is output from the crankshaft.

作為路徑切換電路將變流器與電容器之連接切斷之條件， 例如，為電容器之狀態。於該情形時，路徑切換電路基於電容器之狀態，將變流器與電容器之連接切斷。 As a condition for the path switching circuit to cut off the connection between the converter and the capacitor, For example, the state of a capacitor. In this case, the path switching circuit cuts off the connection between the converter and the capacitor based on the state of the capacitor.

作為條件之電容器之狀態例如亦包含電容器之狀態之推定。 The state of the capacitor as a condition also includes, for example, estimation of the state of the capacitor.

電容器之狀態例如為電容器之電狀態，例如，為以下之至少一個：(A)電容器之電壓、(B)電容器之充電時間、(C)電容器之電流與時間、(D)電容器之電流之累計值。又，推定電容器之狀態之要素例如亦可為曲軸之旋轉速度之累計值。 The state of the capacitor is, for example, the electrical state of the capacitor, for example, at least one of the following: (A) the voltage of the capacitor, (B) the charging time of the capacitor, (C) the current and time of the capacitor, (D) the accumulation of the current of the capacitor value. In addition, the element for estimating the state of the capacitor may be, for example, the accumulated value of the rotational speed of the crankshaft.

作為路徑切換電路將變流器與電池之連接切斷之條件，並不限定於電容器之狀態，例如亦可基於經過所設定之上限時間。 The condition for the path switching circuit to cut off the connection between the inverter and the battery is not limited to the state of the capacitor, but may be based on the elapse of a set upper limit time, for example.

路徑切換電路於永久磁鐵式發電機啟動引擎之期間之至少一部分中，將充入至電容器之電力供給至永久磁鐵式發電機。路徑切換電路可供給於啟動引擎之期間充入至電容器之電力與充入至電池之電力。 The path switching circuit supplies the electric power charged in the capacitor to the permanent magnet generator during at least a part of the period during which the permanent magnet generator starts the engine. The path switching circuit can supply the power charged to the capacitor and the power charged to the battery during starting the engine.

例如，路徑切換電路先將充入至電容器之電力供給至永久磁鐵式發電機，停止充入至電容器之電力之供給之後，開始供給充入至電池之電力。即，電容器及電池不同時將電力供給至永久磁鐵式發電機。 For example, the path switching circuit first supplies the electric power charged in the capacitor to the permanent magnet generator, stops the supply of the electric power charged in the capacitor, and then starts to supply the electric power charged in the battery. That is, the capacitor and the battery do not simultaneously supply power to the permanent magnet generator.

啟動時之路徑切換電路之動作並不特別限定。例如，路徑切換電路亦可於將電容器及電池並聯連接之狀態下將該等兩者之電力供給至永久磁鐵式發電機。又，例如，路徑切換電路亦可具有將電容器及電池串聯連接之電路，於將電容器及電池串聯連接之狀態下將該等電力供給至永久磁鐵式發電機。 The operation of the path switching circuit at startup is not particularly limited. For example, the path switching circuit may supply the electric power of the capacitor and the battery to the permanent magnet generator in a state where the capacitor and the battery are connected in parallel. Moreover, for example, the path switching circuit may have a circuit in which a capacitor and a battery are connected in series, and these electric powers are supplied to the permanent magnet generator in a state where the capacitor and the battery are connected in series.

電池例如為具有12V之標稱電壓之電池。但是，電池之電壓並不特別限定，電池例如亦可為具有6V之標稱電壓之電池。於電池具有6V之標稱電壓之情形時，電容器亦將約6V作為上限充電。 The battery is, for example, a battery with a nominal voltage of 12V. However, the voltage of the battery is not particularly limited, and the battery may be, for example, a battery with a nominal voltage of 6V. In the case where the battery has a nominal voltage of 6V, the capacitor will also charge about 6V as the upper limit.

跨坐型車輛係指騎乘者跨鞍乘坐之形式之車輛。跨坐型車輛係具備鞍型之座部之車輛。跨坐型車輛係騎乘者以騎乗方式乘車之車輛。跨坐型車輛係車輛之一例。跨坐型車輛例如係以傾斜姿勢迴轉之車輛，以於迴轉時向彎道之中心方向傾斜之方式構成。 A saddle-ridden vehicle means a vehicle in which the rider sits in a saddle. A saddle-riding vehicle is a vehicle having a saddle-shaped seat. A straddle-type vehicle is a vehicle in which the rider rides in a riding manner. An example of a straddle-type vehicle is a vehicle. The saddle-riding type vehicle is, for example, a vehicle that turns in an inclined posture, and is configured to be inclined toward the center of the curve when turning.

跨坐型車輛例如係機車。作為機車，並不特別限定，例如，可列舉速克達型、附踏板之輕型、越野型、公路型之機車。又，作為跨坐型車輛，並不限定於機車，例如亦可為三輪車。又，作為跨坐型車輛，例如，亦可為ATV(All-Terrain Vehicle，全地形車輛)等。 The straddle-type vehicle is, for example, a locomotive. It does not specifically limit as a locomotive, For example, a scooter type, a light-duty with pedals, an off-road type, and a road type locomotive can be mentioned. Moreover, as a saddle-riding type vehicle, it is not limited to a locomotive, For example, a tricycle may be sufficient. In addition, as a saddle-riding vehicle, for example, an ATV (All-Terrain Vehicle) or the like may be used.

本說明書中所使用之專門用語係僅定義特定之實施例之目的並不具有限制發明的意圖。 The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of defining particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention.

本說明書中所使用之用語「及/或」包含一個或複數個關聯之列舉之構成物之所有或全部組合。 As used in this specification, the term "and/or" includes all or all combinations of one or more of the associated listed constituents.

於本說明書中使用之情形時，用語「包含、具備(including)」、「包含、具備(comprising)」或「具有(having)」及其變形之使用係對所記載之特徵、工序、操作、要素、成分及/或其等之等效物之存在進行特定，可包含步驟、動作、要素、成分、及/或其等之群組中之1個或複數個。 When used in this specification, the terms "including," "comprising," or "having" and their modifications are used for the described features, processes, operations, The presence of elements, ingredients, and/or their equivalents is specified and may include one or more of a group of steps, actions, elements, ingredients, and/or the like.

於本說明書中使用之情形時，用語「安裝」、「結合」及/或其等之等效物被廣泛使用，只要未特別指定則包含直接及間接性的安裝、及結合之兩者。 As used in this specification, the terms "installation", "bonding" and/or their equivalents are widely used to encompass both direct and indirect installations, and couplings, unless otherwise specified.

只要未另行定義，則本說明書中所使用之全部用語(包含技術用語及科學用語)具有與根據本發明所屬之業者一般所理解者相同之意思。 Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical terms and scientific terms) used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

如一般使用之詞典中定義之用語之用語應解釋為具有與關聯之技術及本揭示之上下文中之意思一致的意思，只要本說明書中未明示性地定 義，則不會理想性或過度地以形式性的意思解釋。 Terms such as terms defined in commonly used dictionaries should be construed as having meanings consistent with the related technologies and the meanings in the context of the present disclosure, unless expressly defined in this specification. meaning, it will not be interpreted ideally or excessively in a formal sense.

可理解，於本發明之說明中揭示了技術及大量工序。 It will be appreciated that techniques and numerous procedures are disclosed in the description of the present invention.

該等之各者具有個別之利益，亦可分別將另外揭示之1個以上之技術或根據情形將全部該技術一起使用。 Each of these has individual benefits, and one or more of the techniques disclosed separately or all of the techniques may be used together depending on the situation.

因此，為了明確說明，該說明中避免了不必要地將各個步驟之可能的組合全部重複。 Therefore, for the sake of clarity, this description avoids unnecessary repetition of all possible combinations of steps in this description.

雖然如此，但是閱讀說明書及申請專利範圍時應理解此種組合全部屬於本發明及請求項之範圍內。 Even so, it should be understood when reading the description and the scope of the patent application that such combinations all fall within the scope of the present invention and claims.

於本說明書中，對新的跨坐型車輛進行說明。 In this specification, a new saddle-riding type vehicle will be described.

於以下之說明中，為求易懂，描述大量具體細節以便完全理解本發明。 In the following description, for the purpose of understanding, numerous specific details are described in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention.

然而，可知，業者可於不瞭解該等特定細節之情況下實施本發明。 However, it is understood that the present invention may be practiced by one skilled in the art without knowing these specific details.

本揭示應視為本發明之例示，並非意圖將本發明限定為以下之圖式或說明所示之特定實施方式。 The present disclosure should be considered as an illustration of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention to the specific embodiments shown in the drawings or descriptions below.

根據本發明，可實現能進一步提高作為啟動引擎之電源之電容器之有效利用之頻度的跨坐型車輛。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the straddle-type vehicle which can further improve the frequency of effective utilization of the capacitor|condenser which is a power source for starting the engine can be realized.

1:跨坐型車輛 1: Straddle vehicle

2:車體 2: body

2a:座部 2a: seat

3a,3b:車輪 3a, 3b: Wheels

4:蓄電裝置 4: Power storage device

5:主開關 5: Main switch

6:啟動器開關 6: Starter switch

8:加速指示部 8: Acceleration indicator

9:前照燈 9: Headlamps

10:引擎 10: Engine

11:曲軸箱 11: Crankcase

12:汽缸 12: Cylinder

13:活塞 13: Pistons

14:連桿 14: connecting rod

15:曲軸 15: Crankshaft

15a:一端部 15a: one end

15b:另一端部 15b: the other end

16:汽缸頭 16: Cylinder head

18:燃料噴射裝置 18: Fuel injection device

19:點火裝置 19: Ignition device

19a:火星塞 19a: Spark Plug

19b:點火電壓產生電路 19b: Ignition voltage generation circuit

20:永久磁鐵式發電機 20: Permanent magnet generator

21:變流器 21: Inverter

30:轉子 30: Rotor

31:轉子本體部 31: Rotor body part

32:筒狀凸座部 32: Cylindrical boss part

33:底壁部 33: Bottom wall

34:背軛部 34: Back yoke

37:永久磁鐵部 37: Permanent magnet part

37a:磁極部 37a: Magnetic pole part

38:被檢測部 38: Detected part

40:定子 40: Stator

41:電池 41: Battery

42:電容器 42: Capacitor

43:路徑切換電路 43: Path switching circuit

45:齒部 45: Teeth

50:轉子位置檢測裝置 50: Rotor position detection device

51:檢測用繞線 51: Winding for detection

60:控制裝置 60: Control device

75:主繼電器 75: Main relay

211:開關部 211: Switch Department

431:電池切換部 431: Battery switching section

432:電容器切換部 432: Capacitor switching section

CL:離合器 CL: clutch

CVT:變速機 CVT: Transmission

EU:引擎單元 EU: engine unit

L:電動輔機 L: electric auxiliary

N1:節點 N1: Node

SL:溝槽 SL: groove

ST:定子芯 ST: stator core

W:定子繞線 W: stator winding

圖1(a)、(b)係模式性地表示本發明之一實施方式之跨坐型車輛之圖。 FIGS. 1( a ) and ( b ) are diagrams schematically showing a saddle-riding vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

圖2係表示圖1所示之路徑切換電路之與圖1不同之狀態的方塊圖。 FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a state of the path switching circuit shown in FIG. 1 in a state different from that in FIG. 1 .

圖3係表示圖1及圖2所示之電池及電容器之充電時之電壓變化之概況 的圖。 FIG. 3 is an overview of voltage changes during charging of the batteries and capacitors shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 's diagram.

圖4(a)~(c)係模式性地表示作為圖1所示之實施方式之應用例之跨坐型車輛及電系統之圖。 FIGS. 4( a ) to ( c ) are diagrams schematically showing a saddle-riding vehicle and an electric system as an application example of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 .

圖5係模式性地表示圖4所示之引擎單元之概略構成之局部剖視圖。 FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view schematically showing a schematic configuration of the engine unit shown in FIG. 4 .

圖6係表示圖5所示之永久磁鐵式發電機之與旋轉軸線垂直之剖面的剖視圖。 FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis of the permanent magnet generator shown in FIG. 5 .

以下，基於實施方式一面參照圖式一面對本發明進行說明。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on the embodiments with reference to the drawings.

圖1係模式性表示本發明之一實施方式之跨坐型車輛之圖。圖1之部分(a)係跨坐型車輛之側視圖。圖1之部分(b)係表示部分(a)所示之跨坐型車輛之概略性電構成之方塊圖。 FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a saddle-riding vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Part (a) of FIG. 1 is a side view of a straddle-type vehicle. Part (b) of FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic electrical configuration of the straddle-type vehicle shown in part (a).

圖1所示之跨坐型車輛1具備車輪3a、3b、引擎10、永久磁鐵式發電機20、變流器21、及蓄電裝置4。蓄電裝置4具備電容器42、電池41、及路徑切換電路43。即，具備車輪3a、3b、引擎10、永久磁鐵式發電機20、變流器21、電容器42、電池41、及路徑切換電路43。又，跨坐型車輛1具備電動輔機L。 The saddle-ridden vehicle 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes wheels 3 a and 3 b , an engine 10 , a permanent magnet generator 20 , an inverter 21 , and a power storage device 4 . The power storage device 4 includes a capacitor 42 , a battery 41 , and a path switching circuit 43 . That is, the wheel 3a, 3b, the engine 10, the permanent magnet generator 20, the inverter 21, the capacitor 42, the battery 41, and the path switching circuit 43 are provided. In addition, the saddle-ridden vehicle 1 includes the electric auxiliary machine L.

又，跨坐型車輛1具備車體2。圖1中表示了傾斜車輛作為跨坐型車輛1之例子。傾斜車輛於左迴轉過程中向車輛左方傾斜且於右迴轉過程中向車輛右方傾斜。 Moreover, the saddle-riding type vehicle 1 includes a vehicle body 2 . FIG. 1 shows a leaning vehicle as an example of a saddle-riding type vehicle 1 . The leaning vehicle leans to the left of the vehicle during a left turn and to the right of the vehicle during a right turn.

跨坐型車輛1所具備之車輪3a、3b包含前車輪3a及後車輪3b。後車輪3b係驅動輪。 The wheels 3a and 3b included in the saddle-riding vehicle 1 include a front wheel 3a and a rear wheel 3b. The rear wheel 3b is a driving wheel.

引擎10具備曲軸15。 The engine 10 includes a crankshaft 15 .

引擎10經由曲軸15輸出動力。引擎10將用以驅動車輪3b之轉矩自曲軸15輸出。車輪3b接收來自曲軸15之動力，使跨坐型車輛1行駛。 The engine 10 outputs power via the crankshaft 15 . The engine 10 outputs the torque for driving the wheels 3b from the crankshaft 15 . The wheels 3b receive power from the crankshaft 15, and the saddle-riding vehicle 1 travels.

自引擎10輸出之動力例如經由變速機及離合器傳遞至車輪3b。 The power output from the engine 10 is transmitted to the wheels 3b via, for example, a transmission and a clutch.

電動輔機L係搭載於跨坐型車輛1之電動裝置。電動輔機L接收電力之供給而實施動作。電動輔機L例如係以使引擎10進行燃燒之方式動作之引擎用輔機。引擎用輔機例如包含燃料噴射裝置18及點火裝置19(參照圖5)。 The electric auxiliary machine L is an electric device mounted on the straddle-type vehicle 1 . The electric auxiliary machine L receives the supply of electric power and operates. The electric auxiliary machine L is, for example, an auxiliary machine for an engine that operates so as to cause the engine 10 to burn. The auxiliary engine for an engine includes, for example, a fuel injection device 18 and an ignition device 19 (see FIG. 5 ).

永久磁鐵式發電機20設置於曲軸15之一端部。永久磁鐵式發電機20不介隔減速機而設置於曲軸15之一端部。 The permanent magnet generator 20 is provided at one end of the crankshaft 15 . The permanent magnet generator 20 is provided at one end of the crankshaft 15 without interposing the reduction gear.

永久磁鐵式發電機20具有永久磁鐵。更詳細而言，永久磁鐵式發電機20具備由永久磁鐵構成之永久磁鐵部37。 The permanent magnet generator 20 has permanent magnets. More specifically, the permanent magnet generator 20 includes a permanent magnet portion 37 composed of permanent magnets.

永久磁鐵式發電機20兼作使引擎10啟動之啟動器。永久磁鐵式發電機20係永久磁鐵式啟動發電機。永久磁鐵式發電機20藉由使曲軸15旋轉而使引擎10啟動。永久磁鐵式發電機20又藉由被引擎10驅動而發電。 The permanent magnet generator 20 also serves as a starter for starting the engine 10 . The permanent magnet type generator 20 is a permanent magnet type starter generator. The permanent magnet generator 20 starts the engine 10 by rotating the crankshaft 15 . The permanent magnet generator 20 in turn generates electricity by being driven by the engine 10 .

蓄電裝置4係可進行充電及放電之裝置。蓄電裝置4蓄積電力。 The power storage device 4 is a device that can be charged and discharged. The power storage device 4 stores electric power.

蓄電裝置4將所充入之電力輸出至外部。蓄電裝置4將電力供給至永久磁鐵式發電機20。蓄電裝置4於引擎10啟動時將電力供給至永久磁鐵式發電機20。又，例如，於引擎10啟動之後，蓄電裝置4藉由永久磁鐵式發電機20發出之電力而充電。 The power storage device 4 outputs the charged electric power to the outside. The power storage device 4 supplies electric power to the permanent magnet generator 20 . The power storage device 4 supplies electric power to the permanent magnet generator 20 when the engine 10 is started. Also, for example, after the engine 10 is started, the power storage device 4 is charged by the electric power generated by the permanent magnet generator 20 .

更詳細而言，電池41蓄積經由變流器21自永久磁鐵式發電機20輸出之電力。電池41例如具有12V以上之最大額定電壓。電池41例如係具有12V之標稱電壓之電池。例如，電池41係鉛電池。 More specifically, the battery 41 stores the electric power output from the permanent magnet generator 20 via the inverter 21 . The battery 41 has, for example, a maximum rated voltage of 12V or more. The battery 41 is, for example, a battery having a nominal voltage of 12V. For example, the battery 41 is a lead battery.

電容器42蓄積經由變流器21自永久磁鐵式發電機20輸出之電力。電容器42之最大額定電壓為電池41之最大額定電壓以上。電容器42例如具有12V以上之最大額定電壓。電容器42具有能夠充入使引擎10至少啟動1次之電量的靜電容量。 The capacitor 42 stores the electric power output from the permanent magnet generator 20 via the inverter 21 . The maximum rated voltage of the capacitor 42 is equal to or higher than the maximum rated voltage of the battery 41 . The capacitor 42 has, for example, a maximum rated voltage of 12V or more. The capacitor 42 has an electrostatic capacity capable of being charged with an amount of electricity sufficient to start the engine 10 at least once.

電池41之容量大於電容器42。 The capacity of the battery 41 is larger than that of the capacitor 42 .

又，電容器42之最大充電速率大於電池41之最大充電速率。 Also, the maximum charging rate of the capacitor 42 is greater than the maximum charging rate of the battery 41 .

所謂充電速率，表示充電速度。單位係C。將使電池容量於1小時內完全充電之電流的大小定義為1C。所謂最大充電速率，係指容許之最大之充電速率。 The so-called charging rate means the charging speed. The unit is C. The magnitude of the current that will fully charge the battery capacity in 1 hour is defined as 1C. The so-called maximum charging rate refers to the maximum allowable charging rate.

例如，電池41具有1C以下之最大充電速率，電容器42具有40C以上之最大充電速率。但是，電池41與電容器42之規格並不限定於此。 For example, the battery 41 has a maximum charging rate below 1C, and the capacitor 42 has a maximum charging rate above 40C. However, the specifications of the battery 41 and the capacitor 42 are not limited to this.

變流器21例如於引擎10進行燃燒動作之情形時，將由永久磁鐵式發電機20發出之電力供給至電容器42與電池41。於該情形時，變流器21將永久磁鐵式發電機20發出之電流整流。 The inverter 21 supplies the electric power generated by the permanent magnet generator 20 to the capacitor 42 and the battery 41 , for example, when the engine 10 performs a combustion operation. In this case, the converter 21 rectifies the current generated by the permanent magnet generator 20 .

又，變流器21藉由對永久磁鐵式發電機20供給電力而使永久磁鐵式發電機20旋轉。變流器21藉由對永久磁鐵式發電機20之定子繞線W中所流通之電流之導通/截止進行控制，而控制電流。 Moreover, the inverter 21 rotates the permanent magnet generator 20 by supplying electric power to the permanent magnet generator 20 . The inverter 21 controls the current by controlling on/off of the current flowing through the stator winding W of the permanent magnet generator 20 .

變流器21包含開關部211及控制裝置60。控制裝置60與變流器21物理性一體地設置。控制裝置60藉由控制變流器21之開關部211之動作，而控制自變流器21輸出之電壓。控制裝置60藉由控制變流器21之開關部211之動作，而控制於永久磁鐵式發電機20與蓄電裝置4之間流通之電流。又，控制裝置60控制永久磁鐵式發電機20之動作。控制裝置60例如藉由相位控制方式或向量控制，而控制自變流器21輸出之電壓。控制 裝置60例如控制變流器21，以使變流器21輸出之電壓小於電池41之最大額定電壓或電容器42之最大額定電壓之任一者。即，控制裝置60控制變流器21以使電池41及電容器42不成為過電壓。 The inverter 21 includes a switch unit 211 and a control device 60 . The control device 60 is physically and integrally provided with the inverter 21 . The control device 60 controls the voltage output from the converter 21 by controlling the operation of the switch portion 211 of the converter 21 . The control device 60 controls the current flowing between the permanent magnet generator 20 and the power storage device 4 by controlling the operation of the switch portion 211 of the inverter 21 . In addition, the control device 60 controls the operation of the permanent magnet generator 20 . The control device 60 controls the voltage output from the inverter 21 by, for example, phase control or vector control. control The device 60 controls, for example, the converter 21 so that the voltage output by the converter 21 is lower than either the maximum rated voltage of the battery 41 or the maximum rated voltage of the capacitor 42 . That is, the control device 60 controls the inverter 21 so that the battery 41 and the capacitor 42 do not become overvoltage.

例如，於電池41具有12V之標稱電壓與14.5V之最大額定電壓，且電容器42具有較電池41之最大額定電壓更大的最大額定電壓之情形時，控制裝置60控制變流器21，以便對電池41或電容器42供給14V之電壓。但是，電壓值係用以理解之例示，並不特別限定。 For example, when the battery 41 has a nominal voltage of 12V and a maximum rated voltage of 14.5V, and the capacitor 42 has a maximum rated voltage greater than the maximum rated voltage of the battery 41, the control device 60 controls the converter 21 so as to A voltage of 14V is supplied to the battery 41 or the capacitor 42 . However, the voltage value is an example for understanding, and is not particularly limited.

路徑切換電路43切換經由變流器21自永久磁鐵式發電機20輸出之電流之路徑。路徑切換電路43具有電池切換部431及電容器切換部432。電池切換部431及電容器切換部432例如由電晶體構成。然而，電池切換部431及電容器切換部432之構造並不特別限定，例如亦可為繼電器。 The path switching circuit 43 switches the path of the current output from the permanent magnet generator 20 via the inverter 21 . The path switching circuit 43 includes a battery switching unit 431 and a capacitor switching unit 432 . The battery switching unit 431 and the capacitor switching unit 432 are formed of, for example, transistors. However, the structures of the battery switching unit 431 and the capacitor switching unit 432 are not particularly limited, and may be, for example, relays.

若電池切換部431成為接通狀態，則電池41與變流器21電連接。若電池切換部431成為斷開狀態，則電池41與變流器21電切斷。若電容器切換部432成為接通狀態，則電容器42與變流器21電連接。若電容器切換部432成為斷開狀態，則電容器42與變流器21電切斷。 When the battery switching unit 431 is turned on, the battery 41 is electrically connected to the inverter 21 . When the battery switching unit 431 is turned off, the battery 41 and the inverter 21 are electrically disconnected. When the capacitor switching unit 432 is turned on, the capacitor 42 is electrically connected to the converter 21 . When the capacitor switching unit 432 is turned off, the capacitor 42 is electrically disconnected from the converter 21 .

根據電池切換部431及電容器切換部432之接通/斷開狀態，而切換對於電容器42及電池41之電流之路徑。 According to the ON/OFF state of the battery switching section 431 and the capacitor switching section 432, the paths of the currents to the capacitor 42 and the battery 41 are switched.

路徑切換電路43藉由控制裝置60而控制。例如，路徑切換電路43於引擎將曲軸之旋轉之方向之轉矩自曲軸輸出之期間、且於利用藉由永久磁鐵式發電機20發電而自變流器21輸出之電力對電池41充電之期間，將變流器21與電池41之電連接切斷。例如，圖1之部分(b)中表示了斷開狀態之電池切換部431、及接通狀態之電容器切換部432。於該狀態 中，利用自變流器21輸出之電力對電容器42充電，將變流器21與電池41之電連接切斷。 The path switching circuit 43 is controlled by the control device 60 . For example, the path switching circuit 43 charges the battery 41 with the electric power output from the inverter 21 by the electric power generated by the permanent magnet generator 20 while the torque in the direction of rotation of the crankshaft is output from the crankshaft by the engine. , the electrical connection between the converter 21 and the battery 41 is cut off. For example, in part (b) of FIG. 1 , the battery switching unit 431 in the OFF state and the capacitor switching unit 432 in the ON state are shown. in this state In the process, the capacitor 42 is charged by the power output from the inverter 21 , and the electrical connection between the inverter 21 and the battery 41 is cut off.

圖2係表示圖1所示之路徑切換電路43之與圖1不同之狀態的方塊圖。 FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a different state of the path switching circuit 43 shown in FIG. 1 from that in FIG. 1 .

圖2中表示了接通狀態之電池切換部431、及斷開狀態之電容器切換部432。於該狀態中，利用自變流器21輸出之電力對電池41充電，將變流器21與電容器42之電連接切斷。 FIG. 2 shows the battery switching unit 431 in the ON state and the capacitor switching unit 432 in the OFF state. In this state, the battery 41 is charged with the power output from the inverter 21 , and the electrical connection between the inverter 21 and the capacitor 42 is cut off.

圖1及圖2所示之控制裝置60根據來自啟動器開關6之信號，使變流器21自蓄電裝置4對永久磁鐵式發電機20供給電流。藉此，自蓄電裝置4對永久磁鐵式發電機20供給電力，而使引擎10啟動。 The control device 60 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 causes the inverter 21 to supply current from the power storage device 4 to the permanent magnet generator 20 according to the signal from the starter switch 6 . Thereby, electric power is supplied to the permanent magnet generator 20 from the power storage device 4, and the engine 10 is started.

引擎10啟動之後，即燃燒動作開始之後，控制裝置60控制變流器21，以使來自永久磁鐵式發電機20之電流向電池41及電容器42之至少一者流通。藉此，電池41或電容器42藉由永久磁鐵式發電機20之發電電力而充電。 After the engine 10 is started, that is, after the combustion operation starts, the control device 60 controls the inverter 21 so that the current from the permanent magnet generator 20 flows to at least one of the battery 41 and the capacitor 42 . Thereby, the battery 41 or the capacitor 42 is charged by the power generated by the permanent magnet generator 20 .

又，控制裝置60於引擎10啟動之後，即燃燒動作開始之後，可根據加速指示部8(參照圖4)之操作使變流器21將電池41或電容器42之電力供給至永久磁鐵式發電機20。更詳細而言，控制裝置60於跨坐型車輛1行駛過程中，對永久磁鐵式發電機20供給來自電池41或電容器42之電力，使永久磁鐵式發電機20輔助曲軸15之旋轉。藉此，由永久磁鐵式發電機20輔助引擎10對跨坐型車輛1之加速。 In addition, the control device 60 can cause the inverter 21 to supply the electric power of the battery 41 or the capacitor 42 to the permanent magnet generator according to the operation of the acceleration instructing unit 8 (see FIG. 4 ) after the engine 10 is started, that is, after the combustion operation starts. 20. More specifically, the control device 60 supplies electric power from the battery 41 or the capacitor 42 to the permanent magnet generator 20 while the straddle-type vehicle 1 is running, so that the permanent magnet generator 20 assists the rotation of the crankshaft 15 . Thereby, the acceleration of the straddle-type vehicle 1 by the engine 10 is assisted by the permanent magnet generator 20 .

控制裝置60亦具有控制向引擎10之燃料之供給及燃燒之引擎控制部的功能。控制裝置60藉由控制作為引擎用輔機發揮功能之電動輔機L之動作，而控制引擎10之燃燒。 The control device 60 also functions as an engine control unit that controls the supply and combustion of fuel to the engine 10 . The control device 60 controls the combustion of the engine 10 by controlling the operation of the electric auxiliary machine L that functions as an auxiliary machine for the engine.

控制裝置60具備未圖示之中央處理裝置及記憶體。控制裝置60藉由執行記憶於記憶體中之程式，而控制引擎10之燃燒。 The control device 60 includes a central processing unit and a memory which are not shown. The control device 60 controls the combustion of the engine 10 by executing the program stored in the memory.

控制裝置60利用電池41之電力實施動作。更詳細而言，控制裝置60利用自電池41之電壓以可應用於控制裝置60之方式降頻(down convert)後之動作電壓來實施動作。降頻器(down converter)例如設置於變流器21。電池41之電壓變動例如與電容器42相比較小。因此，控制裝置60之動作電壓之變動亦被抑制。例如，即便於引擎10啟動時電流被消耗，而控制裝置60之動作電壓之變動亦被抑制。 The control device 60 operates using the power of the battery 41 . More specifically, the control device 60 uses the voltage from the battery 41 to perform the operation with the operating voltage after down-converting in a manner that can be applied to the control device 60 . A down converter is provided in the converter 21, for example. The voltage fluctuation of the battery 41 is smaller than that of the capacitor 42, for example. Therefore, the fluctuation of the operating voltage of the control device 60 is also suppressed. For example, even when the current is consumed when the engine 10 is started, the fluctuation of the operating voltage of the control device 60 is suppressed.

圖3係表示圖1及圖2所示之電池41及電容器42之充電時之電壓變化之概況的圖。 FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an overview of voltage changes during charging of the battery 41 and the capacitor 42 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 .

於圖3所示之例之時刻0中，為電池41及電容器42之兩者放電之狀態。於該狀態下，例如電池41之電壓約為11V，電容器42之電壓約為0V。 At time 0 in the example shown in FIG. 3 , both the battery 41 and the capacitor 42 are discharged. In this state, for example, the voltage of the battery 41 is about 11V, and the voltage of the capacitor 42 is about 0V.

於圖3所示之例中，於引擎10將曲軸15之旋轉之方向之轉矩自曲軸15輸出之期間，且藉由永久磁鐵式發電機20發電，而自變流器21輸出電力。雖自變流器21輸出電壓，但因變流器21與蓄電裝置4之間之纜線之電壓降，蓄電裝置4之電壓未必與變流器21之輸出相等。蓄電裝置4之電壓例如以圖3之曲線圖所示之方式變動。 In the example shown in FIG. 3 , while the engine 10 outputs torque in the direction of rotation of the crankshaft 15 from the crankshaft 15 , electricity is generated by the permanent magnet generator 20 , and electricity is output from the inverter 21 . Although the voltage is output from the converter 21 , the voltage of the power storage device 4 is not necessarily equal to the output of the converter 21 due to the voltage drop of the cable between the converter 21 and the power storage device 4 . The voltage of the power storage device 4 changes as shown in the graph of FIG. 3 , for example.

圖3之實線V1表示蓄電裝置4之電壓。更詳細而言，V1表示圖1之部分(b)中之節點N1之電壓。 The solid line V1 in FIG. 3 represents the voltage of the power storage device 4 . In more detail, V1 represents the voltage of the node N1 in part (b) of FIG. 1 .

例如，如圖1之部分(b)所示，路徑切換電路43於利用來自變流器21之電力對電容器42充電之情形時將變流器21與電池41之連接切斷。例如，路徑切換電路43於時刻0至t1之間，將變流器21與電池41之連接切 斷。 For example, as shown in part (b) of FIG. 1 , the path switching circuit 43 cuts off the connection between the inverter 21 and the battery 41 when the capacitor 42 is charged with the power from the inverter 21 . For example, the path switching circuit 43 switches the connection between the converter 21 and the battery 41 between time 0 and t1. break.

隨著電容器42之充電，而電容器42之電壓上升。因此，蓄電裝置4之電壓V1上升。電容器42之電壓於時刻t1大致等於變流器21之輸出電壓(於圖3之例中為14V)。 As the capacitor 42 is charged, the voltage of the capacitor 42 rises. Therefore, the voltage V1 of the power storage device 4 rises. The voltage of the capacitor 42 is approximately equal to the output voltage of the converter 21 at time t1 (14V in the example of FIG. 3 ).

路徑切換電路43於較將變流器21與電池41之連接切斷且對電容器42充電之期間更後之期間(0至t1)，如圖2所示，將變流器21與電容器42之連接切斷且對電池41充電。例如，路徑切換電路43於時刻t1，將變流器21與電容器42之連接切斷且對電池41充電。 The path switching circuit 43 switches the connection between the converter 21 and the capacitor 42 in a later period (0 to t1) than the period in which the connection between the converter 21 and the battery 41 is disconnected and the capacitor 42 is charged, as shown in FIG. 2 . The connection is cut and the battery 41 is charged. For example, the path switching circuit 43 disconnects the connection between the converter 21 and the capacitor 42 at time t1 and charges the battery 41 .

更詳細而言，路徑切換電路43例如藉由計時器之動作，而於充電開始後經過規定時間(例如t1秒)後，進行連接之切換。路徑切換電路43例如藉由計時器而對規定時間進行計時。但是，路徑切換電路43中之切換條件並不特別限定，例如，路徑切換電路43可根據電容器42之端子電壓進行切換，又，亦可根據電容器42中流通之電流進行切換。 More specifically, the path switching circuit 43 switches the connection after a predetermined time (eg, t1 seconds) has elapsed after the start of charging by, for example, an operation of a timer. The path switching circuit 43 counts a predetermined time by, for example, a timer. However, the switching conditions in the path switching circuit 43 are not particularly limited. For example, the path switching circuit 43 can switch according to the terminal voltage of the capacitor 42 or according to the current flowing in the capacitor 42 .

藉由切換，而蓄電裝置4之電壓V1於時刻t1以後反映電池41之電壓V12。於圖3中，時刻t1以後之蓄電裝置4之電壓V1與電池41之電壓V12相等。 By switching, the voltage V1 of the power storage device 4 reflects the voltage V12 of the battery 41 after time t1. In FIG. 3 , the voltage V1 of the power storage device 4 after the time t1 is equal to the voltage V12 of the battery 41 .

虛線V11表示時刻t1以後之電容器42之端子電壓。被切斷連接之電容器42之端子電壓維持時刻t1中之電壓V1之值(例如14V)。即，電容器42維持連接被切斷時之電壓V11。於圖3之例中，電容器42維持與自變流器21輸出之電壓大致相等之電壓V11。 The broken line V11 represents the terminal voltage of the capacitor 42 after time t1. The terminal voltage of the disconnected capacitor 42 maintains the value of the voltage V1 at time t1 (eg, 14V). That is, the capacitor 42 maintains the voltage V11 when the connection is cut off. In the example of FIG. 3 , the capacitor 42 maintains a voltage V11 approximately equal to the voltage output from the inverter 21 .

隨著電池41之充電，而電池41之電壓V12上升。然而，電池41之電壓V12之變化率與電容器42相比較小。即，電池41之電壓V12成為與自變流器21輸出之電壓大致相等花費較長時間。 As the battery 41 is charged, the voltage V12 of the battery 41 rises. However, the rate of change of the voltage V12 of the battery 41 is smaller than that of the capacitor 42 . That is, it takes a long time for the voltage V12 of the battery 41 to become substantially equal to the voltage output from the inverter 21 .

圖3中之虛線V12'表示電池41及電容器42之兩者與變流器21始終連接之參考例之蓄電裝置4的電壓。蓄電裝置4之電壓與電容器42之電壓大致相等。 The dotted line V12' in FIG. 3 represents the voltage of the power storage device 4 of the reference example in which both the battery 41 and the capacitor 42 are always connected to the converter 21. The voltage of the power storage device 4 is substantially equal to the voltage of the capacitor 42 .

由於電容器42與電池41連接，故而電容器42之電壓受電池41之電壓之限制。即便於時刻t1，電容器42之電壓(V12')亦受限制。 Since the capacitor 42 is connected to the battery 41 , the voltage of the capacitor 42 is limited by the voltage of the battery 41 . Even at time t1, the voltage (V12') of the capacitor 42 is limited.

相對於此，本實施方式之路徑切換電路43於藉由永久磁鐵式發電機20發電而利用自變流器21輸出之電力對電池41充電之期間，將變流器21與電容器42之電連接切斷。因此，電容器42之電壓不受電池41之電壓之限制。至少於時刻t1以後，電容器42之電壓V11維持高於電池41之電壓(V12)之狀態。 On the other hand, the path switching circuit 43 of the present embodiment electrically connects the inverter 21 and the capacitor 42 while the battery 41 is charged by the electric power output from the inverter 21 while the permanent magnet generator 20 generates electricity. cut off. Therefore, the voltage of the capacitor 42 is not limited by the voltage of the battery 41 . At least after time t1, the voltage V11 of the capacitor 42 remains higher than the voltage (V12) of the battery 41.

於實施引擎10之啟動之情形時，蓄電裝置4對變流器21輸出電力。 When the engine 10 is started, the power storage device 4 outputs electric power to the inverter 21 .

路徑切換電路43於藉由永久磁鐵式發電機20使曲軸15旋轉而啟動引擎10之期間之至少一部分中，將充入至電容器42之電力供給至永久磁鐵式發電機20。 The path switching circuit 43 supplies the electric power charged in the capacitor 42 to the permanent magnet generator 20 during at least a part of the period during which the engine 10 is started by rotating the crankshaft 15 by the permanent magnet generator 20 .

路徑切換電路43於啟動引擎10之期間，於較將充入至電池41之電力供給至永久磁鐵式發電機20之前，將充入至電容器42之電力供給至永久磁鐵式發電機20。即，路徑切換電路43先將充入至電容器42之電力供給至永久磁鐵式發電機20。 The path switching circuit 43 supplies the electric power charged in the capacitor 42 to the permanent magnet generator 20 before supplying the electric power charged in the battery 41 to the permanent magnet generator 20 during the starting of the engine 10 . That is, the path switching circuit 43 first supplies the electric power charged in the capacitor 42 to the permanent magnet generator 20 .

例如，於圖3所示之時刻t1至t2之間實施引擎10之啟動之情形時，自具有較高之電壓之電容器42對永久磁鐵式發電機20供給電力。 For example, when starting the engine 10 is performed between the times t1 and t2 shown in FIG. 3 , the permanent magnet generator 20 is supplied with electric power from the capacitor 42 having a higher voltage.

因此，例如與蓄電裝置充電時電池與電容器始終連接之參考例中之情形時相比，可自電容器42供給更多之電力。 Therefore, for example, more power can be supplied from the capacitor 42 than in the case of the reference example in which the battery and the capacitor are always connected when the power storage device is charged.

因此，可提高作為啟動引擎10之電源之電容器42之有效利用的頻度。 Therefore, the frequency of effective utilization of the capacitor 42 as a power source for starting the engine 10 can be increased.

於實施引擎10之啟動之情形時，例如，路徑切換電路43將電池41與變流器21電切斷，且自電容器42對變流器21輸出電力。 In the case of implementing the start-up of the engine 10 , for example, the path switching circuit 43 electrically disconnects the battery 41 from the inverter 21 , and outputs power to the inverter 21 from the capacitor 42 .

於該情形時，自具有如圖3之V11所示之較高之電壓之電容器42對永久磁鐵式發電機20供給電力。因此，可自電容器42供給更多之電力。 In this case, power is supplied to the permanent magnet generator 20 from the capacitor 42 having a higher voltage as indicated by V11 in FIG. 3 . Therefore, more power can be supplied from the capacitor 42 .

[應用例] [Application example]

繼而，參照圖4，對實施方式之應用例進行說明。 Next, an application example of the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 4 .

圖4係模式性地表示作為圖1所示之實施方式之應用例之跨坐型車輛1及電系統之圖。圖4之部分(a)係跨坐型車輛1之俯視圖。圖4之部分(b)係跨坐型車輛1之側視圖。圖4之部分(c)係模式性地表示跨坐型車輛1之電系統之連接之實體配線圖。 FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a saddle-riding vehicle 1 and an electric system as an application example of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 . Part (a) of FIG. 4 is a plan view of the straddle-type vehicle 1 . Part (b) of FIG. 4 is a side view of the straddle-type vehicle 1 . Part (c) of FIG. 4 is a physical wiring diagram schematically showing the connection of the electrical system of the straddle-type vehicle 1 .

於圖4以後所示之應用例中，對於與圖1所示之實施方式對應之要素標註與圖1相同之符號而進行說明。 In the application examples shown in FIG. 4 and later, elements corresponding to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1 and described.

圖4所示之跨坐型車輛1具備車體2。於車體2，具備用以供騎乘者乘坐之座部2a。騎乘者以跨座部2a之方式乘坐。圖4表示了機車作為跨坐型車輛1之一例。 The saddle-ridden vehicle 1 shown in FIG. 4 includes a vehicle body 2 . The vehicle body 2 is provided with a seat portion 2a on which a rider is seated. The rider rides on the straddle portion 2a. FIG. 4 shows a locomotive as an example of the straddle-type vehicle 1 .

跨坐型車輛1具備前車輪3a及後車輪3b。跨坐型車輛1之車輪3a、3b之輪胎面於不與路面接觸之狀態下具有圓弧狀之剖面形狀。 The saddle-ridden vehicle 1 includes front wheels 3a and rear wheels 3b. The tire surfaces of the wheels 3a and 3b of the saddle-riding vehicle 1 have an arc-shaped cross-sectional shape in a state where they are not in contact with the road surface.

引擎10構成引擎單元EU。即，跨坐型車輛1具備引擎單元EU。 The engine 10 constitutes an engine unit EU. That is, the saddle-ridden vehicle 1 includes the engine unit EU.

引擎單元EU包含引擎10及永久磁鐵式發電機20。 The engine unit EU includes the engine 10 and the permanent magnet generator 20 .

引擎10經由曲軸15而輸出動力。引擎10將用以驅動車輪3b之轉矩自 曲軸15輸出。車輪3b接收來自曲軸15之動力，使跨坐型車輛1行駛。引擎10例如具有100mL以上之排氣量。引擎10例如具有未達400mL之排氣量。 The engine 10 outputs power via the crankshaft 15 . The torque used by the engine 10 to drive the wheels 3b is automatically Crankshaft 15 output. The wheels 3b receive power from the crankshaft 15, and the saddle-riding vehicle 1 travels. The engine 10 has, for example, an exhaust gas volume of 100 mL or more. The engine 10 has, for example, an exhaust volume of less than 400 mL.

又，跨坐型車輛1具備變速機CVT及離合器CL。自引擎10輸出之動力經由變速機CVT及離合器CL而傳遞至車輪3b。 Moreover, the saddle-riding vehicle 1 includes a transmission CVT and a clutch CL. The power output from the engine 10 is transmitted to the wheels 3b via the transmission CVT and the clutch CL.

永久磁鐵式發電機20被引擎10驅動而發電。圖4所示之永久磁鐵式發電機20係磁鐵式啟動發電機。 The permanent magnet generator 20 is driven by the engine 10 to generate electricity. The permanent magnet generator 20 shown in FIG. 4 is a magnet starter generator.

永久磁鐵式發電機20具有轉子30及定子40(參照圖6)。轉子30具備由永久磁鐵構成之永久磁鐵部37。轉子30係藉由自曲軸15輸出之動力而旋轉。定子40以與轉子30對向之方式配置。 The permanent magnet generator 20 has a rotor 30 and a stator 40 (see FIG. 6 ). The rotor 30 includes a permanent magnet portion 37 composed of permanent magnets. The rotor 30 is rotated by the power output from the crankshaft 15 . The stator 40 is arranged so as to face the rotor 30 .

蓄電裝置4係可充電及放電之裝置。蓄電裝置4將所充入之電力輸出至外部。蓄電裝置4將電力供給至永久磁鐵式發電機20及電動輔機L。蓄電裝置4於啟動引擎10時對永久磁鐵式發電機20供給電力。又，蓄電裝置4藉由永久磁鐵式發電機20發出之電力而充電。 The power storage device 4 is a chargeable and dischargeable device. The power storage device 4 outputs the charged electric power to the outside. The power storage device 4 supplies electric power to the permanent magnet generator 20 and the electric auxiliary machine L. The power storage device 4 supplies electric power to the permanent magnet generator 20 when the engine 10 is started. In addition, the power storage device 4 is charged by the electric power generated by the permanent magnet generator 20 .

跨坐型車輛1具備變流器21。變流器21具備控制於永久磁鐵式發電機20與蓄電裝置4之間流通之電流的複數個開關部211。 The straddle-type vehicle 1 includes an inverter 21 . The inverter 21 includes a plurality of switching units 211 that control the current flowing between the permanent magnet generator 20 and the power storage device 4 .

永久磁鐵式發電機20藉由蓄電裝置4之電力而使曲軸15旋轉。藉此，永久磁鐵式發電機20啟動引擎10。 The permanent magnet generator 20 rotates the crankshaft 15 by the electric power of the power storage device 4 . Thereby, the permanent magnet generator 20 starts the engine 10 .

跨坐型車輛1具備主開關5。主開關5係用以根據操作而對跨坐型車輛1所具備之電動輔機L(參照圖6)供給電力之開關。電動輔機L係除了永久磁鐵式發電機20以外，總括地表示一面消耗電力一面動作之裝置者。電動輔機L例如包含前照燈9、燃料噴射裝置18、及點火裝置19(參照圖6)。 The saddle-ridden vehicle 1 includes a main switch 5 . The main switch 5 is a switch for supplying electric power to the electric auxiliary machine L (refer to FIG. 6 ) included in the straddle-type vehicle 1 according to the operation. The electric auxiliary machine L is a device that collectively represents a device that operates while consuming electric power, except for the permanent magnet generator 20 . The electric auxiliary machine L includes, for example, a headlamp 9 , a fuel injection device 18 , and an ignition device 19 (see FIG. 6 ).

跨坐型車輛1具備啟動器開關6。啟動器開關6係用以根據操作而啟動引擎10之開關。跨坐型車輛1具備主繼電器75。主繼電器75根據來自主開關5之信號，將包含電動輔機L之電路開閉。 The saddle-ridden vehicle 1 includes a starter switch 6 . The starter switch 6 is a switch for starting the engine 10 according to the operation. The saddle-ridden vehicle 1 includes a main relay 75 . The main relay 75 opens and closes the circuit including the electric auxiliary machine L according to the signal from the main switch 5 .

跨坐型車輛1具備加速指示部8。加速指示部8係用以根據操作而指示跨坐型車輛1加速之操作器。加速指示部8詳細而言為加速器握把。 The straddle-type vehicle 1 includes an acceleration instruction unit 8 . The acceleration instruction unit 8 is an operator for instructing the straddle-type vehicle 1 to accelerate according to an operation. The acceleration instruction part 8 is an accelerator grip in detail.

蓄電裝置4例如具有電池41、電容器42、及路徑切換電路43。電池41例如係鉛電池。電容器42例如係雙電層電容器(Electric Double Layer Capacitor，EDLC)。 The power storage device 4 includes, for example, a battery 41 , a capacitor 42 , and a path switching circuit 43 . The battery 41 is, for example, a lead battery. The capacitor 42 is, for example, an Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC).

如圖4之部分(c)所示，永久磁鐵式發電機20、蓄電裝置4、主繼電器75、變流器21、及電動輔機L利用配線J電連接。為了便於觀察符號，將配線之符號(J)標註於圖4之部分(c)所示之配線的一部分。 As shown in part (c) of FIG. 4 , the permanent magnet generator 20 , the power storage device 4 , the main relay 75 , the inverter 21 , and the electric auxiliary machine L are electrically connected by the wiring J. In order to facilitate the observation of the symbols, the symbol (J) of the wiring is attached to a part of the wiring shown in part (c) of FIG. 4 .

配線J例如由引線構成。亦存在配線J由相連之複數條引線構成之情形。又，亦存在配線J包含將引線聯結之連接器、保險絲、及連接端子之情形。省略連接器、保險絲、及連接端子之圖示。又，於圖4之部分(c)之實體配線圖中，表示了正極區域之連接。負極區域即接地區域係經由車體2而電連接。更詳細而言，負極區域經由車體2之未圖示之金屬製框架而電連接。經由車體2之各裝置之電連接之距離通常與利用引線等之正極區域之連接同等，或更短。因此，於圖4之部分(c)中，省略利用車體2之負極區域之連接之圖示，主要對正極區域之配線進行說明。 The wiring J is composed of lead wires, for example. There is also a case where the wiring J is composed of a plurality of lead wires connected to each other. In addition, there is a case where the wiring J includes a connector, a fuse, and a connection terminal for connecting lead wires. Illustrations of connectors, fuses, and connecting terminals are omitted. Moreover, in the physical wiring diagram of the part (c) of FIG. 4, the connection of a positive electrode area|region is shown. The negative electrode region, that is, the ground region is electrically connected via the vehicle body 2 . More specifically, the negative electrode region is electrically connected via a metal frame (not shown) of the vehicle body 2 . The distance between the electrical connections of the devices via the vehicle body 2 is usually the same as the connection of the positive region using lead wires or the like, or shorter. Therefore, in part (c) of FIG. 4, the illustration of the connection using the negative electrode region of the vehicle body 2 is omitted, and the wiring of the positive electrode region is mainly described.

圖4所示之配線J與設置於車輛之其他配線組合而構成未圖示之線束。於圖4之部分(c)中，僅表示將圖所示之裝置電連接之配線J。 The wiring J shown in FIG. 4 is combined with other wirings provided in the vehicle to form a wiring harness (not shown). In part (c) of FIG. 4, only the wiring J which electrically connects the apparatus shown in the figure is shown.

於圖4之部分(c)中，概略性地表示了各裝置間之配線J之連接關係、及配線J之距離。 In part (c) of FIG. 4, the connection relationship of the wiring J between each device, and the distance of the wiring J are shown schematically.

[引擎單元] [engine unit]

圖5係模式性地表示圖4所示之引擎單元EU之概略構成之局部剖視圖。 FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view schematically showing a schematic configuration of the engine unit EU shown in FIG. 4 .

引擎單元EU具備引擎10。引擎10具備曲軸箱11、汽缸12、活塞13、連桿14、曲軸15。活塞13以能夠於汽缸12內往返移動之方式設置。 The engine unit EU includes an engine 10 . The engine 10 includes a crankcase 11 , a cylinder 12 , a piston 13 , a connecting rod 14 , and a crankshaft 15 . The piston 13 is provided so as to be able to move back and forth in the cylinder 12 .

曲軸15以能夠於曲軸箱11內旋轉之方式設置。曲軸15經由連桿14而與活塞13連結。於汽缸12之上部安裝有汽缸頭16。藉由汽缸12、汽缸頭16及活塞13而形成燃燒室。曲軸15以旋轉自如之態樣由曲軸箱11支持。於曲軸15之一端部15a安裝有永久磁鐵式發電機20。於曲軸15之另一端部15b安裝有變速機CVT。變速機CVT可變更輸出之旋轉速度相對於輸入之旋轉速度之比即變速比。變速機CVT可變更車輪之旋轉速度相對於曲軸15之旋轉速度之對應之變速比。 The crankshaft 15 is provided so as to be rotatable in the crankcase 11 . The crankshaft 15 is connected to the piston 13 via the connecting rod 14 . A cylinder head 16 is attached to the upper part of the cylinder 12 . A combustion chamber is formed by the cylinder 12 , the cylinder head 16 and the piston 13 . The crankshaft 15 is rotatably supported by the crankcase 11 . A permanent magnet generator 20 is attached to one end portion 15 a of the crankshaft 15 . A transmission CVT is attached to the other end 15b of the crankshaft 15 . The transmission CVT can change the ratio of the rotational speed of the output to the rotational speed of the input, that is, the gear ratio. The transmission CVT can change the corresponding gear ratio of the rotational speed of the wheels to the rotational speed of the crankshaft 15 .

於引擎單元EU具備燃料噴射裝置18。燃料噴射裝置18藉由噴射燃料，而對燃燒室供給燃料。燃料噴射裝置18對通過吸氣通路Ip流通之空氣噴射燃料。將空氣與燃料之混合氣體供給至引擎10之燃燒室。 A fuel injection device 18 is provided in the engine unit EU. The fuel injection device 18 supplies fuel to the combustion chamber by injecting fuel. The fuel injection device 18 injects fuel to the air flowing through the intake passage Ip. A mixture of air and fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber of the engine 10 .

又，於引擎單元EU設置有點火裝置19。點火裝置19具有火星塞19a及點火電壓產生電路19b。火星塞19a設置於引擎10。火星塞19a與點火電壓產生電路19b電連接。 Moreover, the ignition device 19 is provided in the engine unit EU. The ignition device 19 has a spark plug 19a and an ignition voltage generating circuit 19b. The spark plug 19a is provided in the engine 10 . The spark plug 19a is electrically connected to the ignition voltage generating circuit 19b.

燃料噴射裝置18及點火裝置19係圖1所示之電動輔機L之一例。燃料噴射裝置18及點火裝置19係引擎用輔機之一例。燃料噴射裝置18及點火裝置19係以18V系統電壓實施動作。 The fuel injection device 18 and the ignition device 19 are examples of the electric auxiliary machine L shown in FIG. 1 . The fuel injection device 18 and the ignition device 19 are examples of engine auxiliary machines. The fuel injection device 18 and the ignition device 19 operate with a system voltage of 18V.

引擎10係內燃機。引擎10接收燃料之供給。引擎10藉由燃 燒混合氣體之燃燒動作而輸出動力。即，活塞13藉由包含供給至燃燒室之燃料之混合氣體之燃燒而往返移動。曲軸15與活塞13之往返移動連動地旋轉。動力經由曲軸15而輸出至引擎10之外部。 The engine 10 is an internal combustion engine. Engine 10 receives a supply of fuel. engine 10 by burning The combustion action of the mixed gas is used to output power. That is, the piston 13 reciprocates by combustion of the air-fuel mixture containing the fuel supplied to the combustion chamber. The crankshaft 15 rotates in conjunction with the reciprocating movement of the piston 13 . Power is output to the outside of the engine 10 via the crankshaft 15 .

燃料噴射裝置18藉由調整供給燃料之量，而調節自引擎10輸出之動力。燃料噴射裝置18藉由控制裝置60而控制。燃料噴射裝置18受到控制以基於供給至引擎10之空氣之量而供給燃料。點火裝置19對燃料與空氣混合而成之混合氣體點火。燃料噴射裝置18及點火裝置19係以使引擎10進行燃燒之方式動作之引擎用輔機。 The fuel injection device 18 adjusts the power output from the engine 10 by adjusting the amount of fuel to be supplied. The fuel injection device 18 is controlled by the control device 60 . The fuel injection device 18 is controlled to supply fuel based on the amount of air supplied to the engine 10 . The ignition device 19 ignites a mixture of fuel and air. The fuel injection device 18 and the ignition device 19 are auxiliary engines for an engine that operate to cause the engine 10 to burn.

引擎10經由曲軸15而輸出動力。曲軸15之動力經由變速機CVT及離合器CL(參照圖4之部分(b))而傳遞至車輪3b。 The engine 10 outputs power via the crankshaft 15 . The power of the crankshaft 15 is transmitted to the wheels 3b via the transmission CVT and the clutch CL (refer to part (b) of FIG. 4 ).

曲軸箱11構成為利用潤滑油(oil參照圖4部分(b))使內部潤滑。永久磁鐵式發電機20設置於與潤滑油oil接觸之位置。 The crankcase 11 is configured to lubricate the inside with lubricating oil (for oil, see part (b) of FIG. 4 ). The permanent magnet generator 20 is provided at a position in contact with the lubricating oil oil.

引擎10於4個行程之間具有使曲軸15旋轉之負載較大之高負載區域、及使曲軸15旋轉之負載較高負載區域之負載小之低負載區域。所謂高負載區域，係指於引擎10之1個燃燒週期中，負載轉矩較1個燃燒週期中之負載轉矩之平均值高的區域。又，所謂低負載區域，係指於引擎10之1個燃燒週期中，負載轉矩較1個燃燒週期中之負載轉矩之平均值低的區域。若以曲軸15之旋轉角度為基準進行觀察，則低負載區域較高負載區域寬。更詳細而言，引擎10一面重複吸氣行程、壓縮行程、膨脹行程、及排氣行程之4個行程一面正旋轉。壓縮行程與高負載區域有重疊。引擎10係單氣筒引擎。 The engine 10 has between four strokes a high load region where the load for rotating the crankshaft 15 is large, and a low load region where the load for rotating the crankshaft 15 is relatively high and the load is small. The high load region refers to a region in which the load torque in one combustion cycle of the engine 10 is higher than the average value of the load torque in one combustion cycle. In addition, the low-load region refers to a region in which the load torque in one combustion cycle of the engine 10 is lower than the average value of the load torque in one combustion cycle. When the rotation angle of the crankshaft 15 is used as a reference, the low load region is wider than the higher load region. More specifically, the engine 10 rotates normally while repeating four strokes of the intake stroke, the compression stroke, the expansion stroke, and the exhaust stroke. The compression stroke overlaps the high load area. The engine is a 10-series single-cylinder engine.

圖6係表示圖5所示之永久磁鐵式發電機20之與旋轉軸線垂直之剖面的剖視圖。 FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis of the permanent magnet generator 20 shown in FIG. 5 .

參照圖5及圖6對永久磁鐵式發電機20進行說明。 The permanent magnet generator 20 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6 .

永久磁鐵式發電機20具有轉子30及定子40。本應用例之永久磁鐵式發電機20係徑向間隙型。永久磁鐵式發電機20係外轉子型。即，轉子30係外轉子。定子40係內定子。 The permanent magnet generator 20 has a rotor 30 and a stator 40 . The permanent magnet generator 20 of this application example is a radial gap type. Permanent magnet generator 20 series outer rotor type. That is, the rotor 30 is an outer rotor. The stator 40 is an inner stator.

轉子30具有轉子本體部31。轉子本體部31例如包括強磁性材料。轉子本體部31具有有底筒狀。轉子本體部31具有筒狀凸座部32、圓板狀之底壁部33、及筒狀之背軛部34。底壁部33及背軛部34一體地形成。再者，底壁部33與背軛部34亦可分開構成。底壁部33及背軛部34介隔筒狀凸座部32而固定於曲軸15。於轉子30未設置被供給電流之繞線。 The rotor 30 has a rotor body portion 31 . The rotor body portion 31 includes, for example, a ferromagnetic material. The rotor body portion 31 has a bottomed cylindrical shape. The rotor body portion 31 has a cylindrical boss portion 32 , a disc-shaped bottom wall portion 33 , and a cylindrical back yoke portion 34 . The bottom wall portion 33 and the back yoke portion 34 are integrally formed. Furthermore, the bottom wall portion 33 and the back yoke portion 34 may be formed separately. The bottom wall portion 33 and the back yoke portion 34 are fixed to the crankshaft 15 via the cylindrical boss portion 32 . The rotor 30 is not provided with a winding to which current is supplied.

轉子30具有永久磁鐵部37。轉子30具有複數個磁極部37a。複數個磁極部37a藉由永久磁鐵部37而形成。複數個磁極部37a設置於背軛部34之內周面。於本應用例中，永久磁鐵部37具有複數個永久磁鐵。即，轉子30具有複數個永久磁鐵。複數個磁極部37a分別設置於複數個永久磁鐵。 The rotor 30 has a permanent magnet portion 37 . The rotor 30 has a plurality of magnetic pole portions 37a. The plurality of magnetic pole portions 37 a are formed by the permanent magnet portions 37 . A plurality of magnetic pole portions 37 a are provided on the inner peripheral surface of the back yoke portion 34 . In this application example, the permanent magnet portion 37 has a plurality of permanent magnets. That is, the rotor 30 has a plurality of permanent magnets. The plurality of magnetic pole portions 37a are respectively provided on the plurality of permanent magnets.

再者，永久磁鐵部37亦可藉由1個環狀之永久磁鐵而形成。於該情形時，1個永久磁鐵以將複數個磁極部37a排列於內周面之方式磁化。 In addition, the permanent magnet part 37 may be formed by one ring-shaped permanent magnet. In this case, one permanent magnet is magnetized so that a plurality of magnetic pole portions 37a are arranged on the inner peripheral surface.

複數個磁極部37a以將N極與S極交替地配置於永久磁鐵式發電機20之周向之方式設置。於本應用例中，與定子40對向之轉子30之磁極數為24個。所謂轉子30之磁極數，係指與定子40對向之磁極數。於磁極部37a與定子40之間未設置磁性體。 The plurality of magnetic pole portions 37 a are provided so that N poles and S poles are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction of the permanent magnet generator 20 . In this application example, the number of magnetic poles of the rotor 30 opposite to the stator 40 is 24. The number of magnetic poles of the rotor 30 refers to the number of magnetic poles facing the stator 40 . No magnetic body is provided between the magnetic pole portion 37 a and the stator 40 .

磁極部37a設置於永久磁鐵式發電機20之徑向上較定子40靠外側的位置。背軛部34設置於徑向上較磁極部37a靠外側的位置。永久磁鐵式發電機20具有較齒部45之數量多之磁極部37a。 The magnetic pole portion 37 a is provided at a position outside the stator 40 in the radial direction of the permanent magnet generator 20 . The back yoke portion 34 is provided radially outward from the magnetic pole portion 37a. The permanent magnet type generator 20 has more magnetic pole portions 37 a than the number of the tooth portions 45 .

再者，轉子30亦可為磁極部37a由磁性材料填埋之填埋磁鐵型(IPM型)，但較佳為，如本應用例般，為磁極部37a自磁性材料露出之表面磁鐵型(SPM型)。 Furthermore, the rotor 30 may also be a buried magnet type (IPM type) in which the magnetic pole portion 37a is filled with a magnetic material, but is preferably a surface magnet type (IPM type) in which the magnetic pole portion 37a is exposed from the magnetic material as in this application example. SPM type).

定子40具有定子芯ST及複數個定子繞線W。定子芯ST具有於周向隔開間隔而設置之複數個齒部(齒)45。複數個齒部45自定子芯ST朝向徑向外側一體地延伸。於本應用例中，合計18個齒部45於周向隔開間隔而設置。換言之，定子芯ST具有於周向隔開間隔而形成之合計18個溝槽SL。齒部45於周向以等間隔而配置。 The stator 40 has a stator core ST and a plurality of stator windings W. The stator core ST has a plurality of teeth (teeth) 45 provided at intervals in the circumferential direction. The plurality of teeth 45 integrally extend radially outward from the stator core ST. In this application example, a total of 18 tooth portions 45 are provided at intervals in the circumferential direction. In other words, the stator core ST has a total of 18 grooves SL formed at intervals in the circumferential direction. The tooth portions 45 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.

轉子30具有較齒部45之數量多之數量之磁極部37a。磁極部之數量為溝槽數量之4/3。 The rotor 30 has a greater number of magnetic pole portions 37 a than the number of the tooth portions 45 . The number of magnetic pole parts is 4/3 of the number of grooves.

於各齒部45之周圍捲繞有定子繞線W。即，複數相之定子繞線W以通過溝槽SL之方式設置。圖6表示了定子繞線W處於溝槽SL之中之狀態。 The stator winding W is wound around each tooth portion 45 . That is, the stator windings W of the plural phases are arranged so as to pass through the grooves SL. FIG. 6 shows a state in which the stator winding W is in the groove SL.

永久磁鐵式發電機20係三相發電機。各定子繞線W屬於U相、V相、W相之任一者。定子繞線W例如以按照U相、V相、W相之順序排列之方式配置。 The permanent magnet generator 20 is a three-phase generator. Each stator winding W belongs to any one of U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase. The stator windings W are arranged, for example, in the order of U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase.

於轉子30設置有於周向隔開間隔而設置於上述轉子之複數個被檢測部38。複數個被檢測部38係為了檢測轉子30之旋轉位置而設置。藉由被檢測部38，可精密地檢測轉子30及曲軸15之旋轉位置。 The rotor 30 is provided with a plurality of to-be-detected portions 38 provided on the rotor at intervals in the circumferential direction. The plurality of detected parts 38 are provided to detect the rotational position of the rotor 30 . The detected portion 38 can precisely detect the rotational positions of the rotor 30 and the crankshaft 15 .

被檢測部38設置於轉子30之外表面。複數個被檢測部38藉由磁性作用而檢測。複數個被檢測部38於周向隔開間隔而設置於轉子30之外表面。於本實施方式中，複數個被檢測部38於周向隔開間隔而設置於轉子30之外周面。 The detected portion 38 is provided on the outer surface of the rotor 30 . The plurality of detected parts 38 are detected by magnetic action. The plurality of detected parts 38 are provided on the outer surface of the rotor 30 at intervals in the circumferential direction. In the present embodiment, the plurality of detected portions 38 are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 30 at intervals in the circumferential direction.

轉子位置檢測裝置50檢測轉子30之位置。轉子位置檢測裝置50設置於與複數個被檢測部38對向之位置。即，轉子位置檢測裝置50配置於如複數個被檢測部38與轉子位置檢測裝置50依次對向之位置。轉子位置檢測裝置50與伴隨轉子30之旋轉而有被檢測部38通過之路徑對向。轉子位置檢測裝置50配置於與定子40相離之位置。於本實施方式中，轉子位置檢測裝置50以於曲軸15之徑向上轉子30之背軛部34及永久磁鐵部37位於轉子位置檢測裝置50與定子40及定子繞線W之間的方式配置。轉子位置檢測裝置50配置於啟動器馬達SG之徑向上較轉子30靠外側的位置，且面向轉子30之外周面。 The rotor position detection device 50 detects the position of the rotor 30 . The rotor position detection device 50 is provided at a position facing the plurality of detected parts 38 . That is, the rotor position detection device 50 is arranged at a position where the plurality of detected parts 38 and the rotor position detection device 50 face each other in order. The rotor position detection device 50 faces a path through which the detected portion 38 passes along with the rotation of the rotor 30 . The rotor position detection device 50 is arranged at a position away from the stator 40 . In the present embodiment, the rotor position detection device 50 is arranged so that the back yoke 34 and the permanent magnet portion 37 of the rotor 30 are located between the rotor position detection device 50 , the stator 40 and the stator winding W in the radial direction of the crankshaft 15 . The rotor position detection device 50 is arranged at a position outside the rotor 30 in the radial direction of the starter motor SG, and faces the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 30 .

轉子位置檢測裝置50具有檢測用繞線。檢測用繞線51係與定子40所具有之定子繞線W分開設置之繞線。對定子繞線W供給藉由電磁力驅動啟動器馬達SG之轉子30之電流，相對於此，不對檢測用繞線51供給驅動啟動器馬達SG之轉子30的電流。 The rotor position detection device 50 has a detection winding. The detection winding 51 is a winding provided separately from the stator winding W of the stator 40 . The current for driving the rotor 30 of the starter motor SG by electromagnetic force is supplied to the stator winding W, whereas the current for driving the rotor 30 of the starter motor SG is not supplied to the detection winding 51 .

轉子位置檢測裝置50由於電磁地檢測被檢測部38，故而例如與霍耳IC相比配置自由度較高。可使引擎單元EU小型化。 Since the rotor position detection device 50 electromagnetically detects the detected portion 38, it has a higher degree of freedom of arrangement than, for example, a Hall IC. The engine unit EU can be downsized.

於跨坐型車輛1行駛過程中引擎10為動作狀態之情形時，藉由永久磁鐵式發電機20發出之電力而對蓄電裝置4充電。若蓄電裝置4充滿電，則永久磁鐵式發電機20發出之電力不用於充電而例如藉由繞線之短路作為熱被消耗。又，於曲軸15之旋轉速度以不會將自變流器21輸出至蓄電裝置4之電壓抑制為額定值之程度變大的情形時，變流器21以使永久磁鐵式發電機20之定子繞線W短路之方式控制開關部211。能對蓄電裝置4充電之曲軸15之上限旋轉速度可設定為較高之值。 When the engine 10 is in an operating state while the straddle-type vehicle 1 is running, the power storage device 4 is charged by the electric power generated by the permanent magnet generator 20 . When the power storage device 4 is fully charged, the power generated by the permanent magnet generator 20 is not used for charging and is consumed as heat by, for example, a short circuit of the winding. Furthermore, when the rotational speed of the crankshaft 15 is increased to such an extent that the voltage output from the inverter 21 to the power storage device 4 is not suppressed to the rated value, the inverter 21 makes the permanent magnet generator 20 a The switch portion 211 is controlled by the stator winding W being short-circuited. The upper limit rotation speed of the crankshaft 15 capable of charging the power storage device 4 can be set to a higher value.

於發電機發電之情形時，於定子繞線W中流通之電流受定子繞線W 本身產生之阻抗之影響。阻抗係妨礙定子繞線W中流通之電流之要素。阻抗包含旋轉速度ω與電感之積。此處，旋轉速度ω實際上相當於單位時間內通過齒部附近之磁極部之數量。即，旋轉速度ω與磁極部之數量相對於發電機中之齒部之數量之比、及轉子之旋轉速度成比例。 When the generator is generating electricity, the current flowing in the stator winding W is affected by the stator winding W. The effect of resistance generated by itself. Impedance is an element that hinders the current flowing in the stator winding W. Impedance consists of the product of the rotational speed ω and the inductance. Here, the rotational speed ω is actually equivalent to the number of magnetic pole portions passing through the vicinity of the tooth portion per unit time. That is, the rotational speed ω is proportional to the ratio of the number of magnetic pole portions to the number of tooth portions in the generator, and the rotational speed of the rotor.

圖6所示之永久磁鐵式發電機20具有數量較齒部45多之磁極部37a。即，永久磁鐵式發電機20具有數量較溝槽SL多之磁極部37a。因此，定子繞線W具有較大之阻抗。因此，施加至蓄電裝置4之電壓與例如具有數量較齒部少之磁極部之情形時相比下降。因此，曲軸15之上限旋轉速度例如可設定為與12V之情形時相比較高之值。因此，於永久磁鐵式發電機20中增大啟動時之轉矩，故而可採用電阻較小之粗繞線。 The permanent magnet generator 20 shown in FIG. 6 has more magnetic pole portions 37 a than the tooth portions 45 . That is, the permanent magnet generator 20 has more magnetic pole portions 37a than the grooves SL. Therefore, the stator winding W has a larger impedance. Therefore, the voltage applied to the power storage device 4 is reduced compared to, for example, a case where the number of magnetic pole portions is smaller than that of the tooth portions. Therefore, the upper limit rotation speed of the crankshaft 15 can be set to a higher value than the case of 12V, for example. Therefore, in the permanent magnet generator 20, the torque at the time of starting is increased, so that a thick wire with a small resistance can be used.

又，於永久磁鐵式發電機20中，由於定子繞線W之溫度不高於潤滑油之溫度或難以高於潤滑油之溫度，故而即便以永久磁鐵式發電機20與潤滑油接觸之方式配置，亦可抑制潤滑油蒸發。因此，可抑制或避免潤滑油之冷卻機構大型化。 Moreover, in the permanent magnet generator 20, since the temperature of the stator winding W is not higher than the temperature of the lubricating oil or hardly higher than the temperature of the lubricating oil, even if the permanent magnet generator 20 is arranged in such a way that the lubricating oil is in contact , can also inhibit the evaporation of lubricating oil. Therefore, an increase in size of the cooling mechanism of the lubricating oil can be suppressed or avoided.

1:跨坐型車輛 1: Straddle vehicle

2:車體 2: body

3a,3b:車輪 3a, 3b: Wheels

4:蓄電裝置 4: Power storage device

5:主開關 5: Main switch

6:啟動器開關 6: Starter switch

10:引擎 10: Engine

15:曲軸 15: Crankshaft

20:永久磁鐵式發電機 20: Permanent magnet generator

21:變流器 21: Inverter

37:永久磁鐵部 37: Permanent magnet part

41:電池 41: Battery

42:電容器 42: Capacitor

43:路徑切換電路 43: Path switching circuit

60:控制裝置 60: Control device

211:開關部 211: Switch Department

431:電池切換部 431: Battery switching section

432:電容器切換部 432: Capacitor switching section

L:電動輔機 L: electric auxiliary

N1:節點 N1: Node

W:定子繞線 W: stator winding

Claims (7)

一種跨坐型車輛，其具備：車輪；引擎，其具有曲軸，且將藉由燃燒動作而產生之用以驅動上述車輪之轉矩自上述曲軸輸出；永久磁鐵式發電機，其設置於上述曲軸之一端部，且具有永久磁鐵，藉由使上述曲軸旋轉而啟動上述引擎，並且藉由被上述引擎驅動而發電；變流器，其具備控制自上述永久磁鐵式發電機輸出之電流之複數個開關部；電容器，其具有能夠充入使上述引擎啟動至少1次之電量之靜電容量，且蓄積經由上述變流器自上述永久磁鐵式發電機輸出之電力；電池，其蓄積經由上述變流器自上述永久磁鐵式發電機輸出之電力；及路徑切換電路，其與上述變流器、上述永久磁鐵式發電機、及具備上述電容器及上述電池之蓄電裝置電連接；上述路徑切換電路於上述引擎將上述曲軸之旋轉之方向之轉矩自上述曲軸輸出之期間、且於利用藉由上述永久磁鐵式發電機發電而自上述變流器輸出之電力對上述電容器充電之期間，將上述變流器與上述電池之電連接切斷，於藉由上述永久磁鐵式發電機使上述曲軸旋轉而啟動上述引擎之期間之至少一部分中，將充入至具有能夠充入使上述引擎啟動至少1次之電量之靜電容量的上述電容器的電力供給至永久磁鐵式發電機。 A saddle-riding vehicle comprising: wheels; an engine having a crankshaft, and outputting torque generated by a combustion operation for driving the wheels from the crankshaft; and a permanent magnet generator provided on the crankshaft One end has a permanent magnet, which starts the engine by rotating the crankshaft, and generates electricity by being driven by the engine; an inverter, which is provided with a plurality of inverters for controlling the current output from the permanent magnet generator A switch unit; a capacitor having an electrostatic capacity capable of charging the electric power required to start the engine at least once, and storing the electric power output from the permanent magnet generator via the inverter; and a battery having the storage via the inverter Electric power output from the permanent magnet generator; and a path switching circuit electrically connected to the inverter, the permanent magnet generator, and a power storage device including the capacitor and the battery; the path switching circuit is connected to the engine During the period in which the torque in the direction of rotation of the crankshaft is output from the crankshaft, and during the period in which the capacitor is charged with the electric power output from the inverter by the permanent magnet generator, the inverter is The electrical connection with the battery is cut off, and the engine is charged to a level capable of being charged to start the engine at least once during at least a part of the period during which the engine is started by rotating the crankshaft by the permanent magnet generator. The electric power of the said capacitor of the electrostatic capacity is supplied to the permanent magnet type generator. 如請求項1之跨坐型車輛，其中上述路徑切換電路於利用藉由上述永久磁鐵式發電機發電而自上述變流器輸出之電力對上述電池充電之情形時，將上述變流器與上述電容器之連接切斷。 The straddle-type vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the path switching circuit connects the inverter to the battery when the battery is charged with the electric power output from the inverter by the permanent magnet generator. The connection of the capacitor is cut off. 如請求項2之跨坐型車輛，其中上述路徑切換電路於較將上述變流器與上述電池之連接切斷且使上述電容器充電之期間更後之期間，將上述變流器與上述電容器之連接切斷且對上述電池充電。 The straddle-type vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the path switching circuit switches the connection between the inverter and the capacitor during a period later than a period during which the connection between the inverter and the battery is disconnected and the capacitor is charged. The connection is cut and the above battery is charged. 如請求項1至3中任一項之跨坐型車輛，其中永久磁鐵式發電機具備：轉子，其具有由上述永久磁鐵構成之複數個磁極部；及定子，其具有於上述永久磁鐵式發電機之周向隔開間隔而形成有複數個溝槽及複數個齒的定子芯、及以通過上述溝槽之方式設置的繞線；上述磁極部之數量多於上述複數個齒之數量。 The saddle-riding vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the permanent magnet generator includes: a rotor having a plurality of magnetic pole portions formed of the permanent magnets; and a stator having the permanent magnet generator A stator core with a plurality of grooves and a plurality of teeth is formed at intervals in the circumferential direction of the motor, and a winding is arranged through the grooves; the number of the magnetic pole portions is greater than the number of the plurality of teeth. 如請求項1至3中任一項之跨坐型車輛，其中永久磁鐵式發電機具備：轉子，其具有由上述永久磁鐵構成之複數個磁極部，且不介隔減速機地連接於上述曲軸之一端部；定子，其具有於上述永久磁鐵式發電機之周向隔開間隔而形成有複 數個溝槽的定子芯、及以通過上述溝槽之方式設置的定子繞線；複數個被檢測部，其等在周向隔開間隔而設置於上述轉子；及轉子位置檢測裝置，其設置於與複數個上述被檢測部對向之位置，且具有與上述定子繞線分開設置之檢測用繞線。 The saddle-riddled vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the permanent magnet generator includes a rotor having a plurality of magnetic pole portions composed of the permanent magnets and connected to the crankshaft without interposing a reduction gear. an end portion; a stator, which is formed with multiple A stator core with a plurality of grooves, and stator windings provided so as to pass through the grooves; a plurality of detected parts, etc., provided on the rotor at intervals in the circumferential direction; and a rotor position detection device provided with A detection winding is provided separately from the stator winding at a position facing the plurality of the detected parts. 如請求項1之跨坐型車輛，其中上述引擎進而具備以利用油將內部潤滑之方式構成之曲軸箱，上述永久磁鐵式發電機設置於與上述油接觸之位置。 The saddle-riding vehicle of claim 1, wherein the engine further includes a crankcase configured to lubricate the inside with oil, and the permanent magnet generator is provided at a position in contact with the oil. 如請求項1之跨坐型車輛，其中上述變流器於上述跨坐型車輛之行駛過程中，將來自上述蓄電裝置之電力供給至上述永久磁鐵式發電機，使上述永久磁鐵式發電機輔助上述曲軸之旋轉。The straddle-type vehicle of claim 1, wherein the inverter supplies the electric power from the power storage device to the permanent magnet generator to assist the permanent magnet generator during running of the straddle-type vehicle Rotation of the above crankshaft.
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