TWI742612B - Bolt clamping force sensing washer - Google Patents
Bolt clamping force sensing washer Download PDFInfo
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- TWI742612B TWI742612B TW109112350A TW109112350A TWI742612B TW I742612 B TWI742612 B TW I742612B TW 109112350 A TW109112350 A TW 109112350A TW 109112350 A TW109112350 A TW 109112350A TW I742612 B TWI742612 B TW I742612B
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Abstract
一種螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈，包含感應墊圈、連接線組合與訊號處理器。感應墊圈包括本體、感測元件與襯套。本體搭配螺栓螺紋外徑具有軸孔、外緣具有環槽且與軸孔垂直的二端面分別具有防鬆結構。感測元件貼附於環槽以測量本體軸向的形變感測值。襯套為金屬或塑膠材質製成或以塑性絕緣材料澆注成型以包覆感測元件；訊號處理器具有訊號放大器、微處理器、配對按鍵開關、電源電路單元、訊號傳輸單元、記憶單元、RF天線及警示單元；連接線組合設於襯套以電性連接感測元件及訊號處理器。 A bolt clamping force induction washer, which includes an induction washer, a connecting wire assembly and a signal processor. The induction gasket includes a body, a sensing element and a bushing. The outer diameter of the screw thread of the main body and the bolt has a shaft hole, the outer edge has a ring groove, and the two end surfaces perpendicular to the shaft hole respectively have a loosening prevention structure. The sensing element is attached to the ring groove to measure the deformation sensing value in the axial direction of the body. The bushing is made of metal or plastic material or molded with plastic insulating material to cover the sensing element; the signal processor has a signal amplifier, a microprocessor, a paired key switch, a power circuit unit, a signal transmission unit, a memory unit, and RF The antenna and the warning unit; the connecting wire assembly is arranged on the bushing to electrically connect the sensing element and the signal processor.
Description
本發明係提供一種螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈，尤指一種可防鬆與監控螺栓的緊固狀態者。 The invention provides a bolt clamping force sensing washer, especially one capable of preventing loosening and monitoring the tightening state of bolts.
在螺栓的鎖固作業上，如何將螺栓鎖緊到均一的夾緊力一直都是鎖固技術的終極目的。另外，鎖緊後的螺栓是否會因振動而導致鬆脫而造成巨大的工安事故與損害等，更是業界關切的重要議題。 In the bolt locking operation, how to lock the bolts to a uniform clamping force has always been the ultimate goal of the locking technology. In addition, whether the locked bolts will loosen due to vibration and cause huge industrial safety accidents and damages is an important issue of concern to the industry.
時下對於螺栓的鎖緊力的控制精度最精確的當屬利用超音波技術設計的螺栓張力檢測儀，但其製作與施工成本高昂，始終難以普及。另外，以具感測螺栓夾緊力的感應螺栓(在螺栓軸心適當位置粘貼一形變感測元件以偵測其夾緊力)，亦受限於價格高昂以及僅能使用開口板手進行鎖固，以致施工不便與效率不彰，也難以普及。對螺栓的緊固力的控制與偵測，還可以使用螺栓壓力傳感器(Bolt Transducer)或通孔式荷重元(Center-hole type Compression Load Cell)或是壓電式感測環等軸力感測裝置為替代方案。但是在實務上，以上幾種方案姑且不論其製作成本的高低、使用上的難易與否以及控制精度的高低等等，都會因振動或人為破壞導致鬆脫造成危險等問題。如果沒有防止鬆脫的設計與遠端監控緊固狀態的機制做即時的異常通報，再精確的扭力或緊固力的控制也是徒勞無功。 Nowadays, the most accurate control precision of the bolt locking force is undoubtedly the bolt tension tester designed with ultrasonic technology, but its production and construction costs are high and it is always difficult to popularize. In addition, the use of sensing bolts that can sense the clamping force of the bolt (paste a deformation sensing element on the appropriate position of the bolt axis to detect the clamping force) is also limited by the high price and only the use of open wrenches for locking As a result, the construction is inconvenient and inefficient, and it is difficult to popularize. To control and detect the tightening force of bolts, you can also use Bolt Transducer, Center-hole type Compression Load Cell, or piezoelectric sensing ring for axial force sensing. The device is an alternative. However, in practice, regardless of the production cost, the difficulty of use, and the control accuracy of the above several solutions, they will cause problems such as loosening and danger due to vibration or man-made damage. If there is no design to prevent loosening and a mechanism for remote monitoring of the tightening status to provide instant notification of abnormalities, even precise control of the torque or tightening force will be futile.
另外，使用螺栓壓力傳感器或通孔式荷重元等，雖可監控螺栓鎖固的夾緊力變化，但卻因螺栓壓力傳感器或通孔式荷重元與防鬆墊片的硬度 接近，以致螺栓鎖緊時，防鬆墊片的鋸齒狀肋條無法崁入螺栓壓力傳感器或通孔式荷重元的端面而無法達到防止螺栓鬆脫的效果。 In addition, the use of bolt pressure sensors or through-hole load cells, etc., can monitor the change in the clamping force of the bolt lock, but due to the hardness of the bolt pressure sensor or through-hole load cell and the anti-loosening washer When the bolt is locked, the serrated ribs of the anti-loosening washer cannot enter the end surface of the bolt pressure sensor or the through-hole load cell and cannot achieve the effect of preventing the bolt from loosening.
經發明人悉心研究，進而研發出一種螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈，使其兼具有防鬆與監控螺栓的緊固狀態的功能。本發明的螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈可改善習知技術的缺失，增進產業上之有效利用，以迎合工業4.0的趨勢發展需要。本發明的螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈，除了能在螺栓鎖固的過程中做夾緊力的控制，更能於鎖固後防止螺栓緊固件因震動導致鬆脫，更可持續以有線或無線方式，監測螺栓的鎖固狀態是否因振動或人為的破壞導致的鬆脫，以確保結構的安全，還能對施工的記錄與責任做追蹤查核。 After careful research, the inventor has developed a bolt clamping force sensing washer, which has the functions of preventing loosening and monitoring the tightening state of the bolt. The bolt clamping force sensing washer of the present invention can improve the lack of conventional technology, enhance the effective utilization of the industry, and meet the development needs of the industry 4.0 trend. The bolt clamping force sensing washer of the present invention can not only control the clamping force during the bolt locking process, but also prevent the bolt fasteners from loosening due to vibration after the bolt is locked, and can be used in a wired or wireless manner. , To monitor whether the locking state of the bolts is loosened due to vibration or man-made damage to ensure the safety of the structure, and to track and check the construction records and responsibilities.
本發明係提供一種螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈，其包含：感應墊圈，其具有本體、感測元件、襯套；該本體為金屬材質，其搭配螺栓的螺紋外徑而具有同軸的軸孔，該本體與該軸孔垂直的二端面分別具有防鬆結構；該本體的外環具有內凹形狀的環槽，該感測元件貼附於該環槽內，以測量該本體軸向受力產生的形變感測值；該襯套為金屬或塑膠材質製成或以塑性絕緣材料澆注成型以包覆該感測元件；訊號處理器，其具有訊號放大器、微處理器、配對按鍵開關、電源電路單元、訊號傳輸單元、記憶單元、RF天線及警示單元；以及連接線組合，其設置於該襯套，以電性連接該感測元件及該訊號處理器。 The present invention provides a bolt clamping force induction washer, which includes: an induction washer, which has a body, a sensing element, and a bush; The two end surfaces of the main body and the shaft hole perpendicular to each other have anti-loose structures; the outer ring of the main body has a concave ring groove, and the sensing element is attached to the ring groove to measure the axial force generated by the main body Deformation sensing value; the bushing is made of metal or plastic material or molded with plastic insulating material to cover the sensing element; signal processor, which has a signal amplifier, a microprocessor, a paired key switch, and a power circuit unit , The signal transmission unit, the memory unit, the RF antenna and the warning unit; and the connection line assembly, which is arranged on the bushing to electrically connect the sensing element and the signal processor.
在一實施例中，該本體與該軸孔垂直的二端面的防鬆結構同為弧形肋條面或同為楔形凸輪面，或一端面的防鬆結構為弧形肋條面，另一端面的防鬆結構為楔形凸輪面。 In one embodiment, the anti-loosening structure of the two end faces perpendicular to the shaft hole of the main body are both arc-shaped rib surfaces or both wedge-shaped cam surfaces, or the anti-loosening structure of one end surface is an arc-shaped rib surface, and the other end surface has an arc rib surface. The anti-loosening structure is a wedge-shaped cam surface.
在一實施例中，該本體與該軸孔垂直的端面的防鬆結構為弧形肋條面，該弧形肋條面的弧形截面的斜坡角度大於該螺栓的導程角度且與該螺栓的螺旋方向無關。 In one embodiment, the anti-loosening structure of the end surface of the body perpendicular to the shaft hole is an arc-shaped rib surface. The direction is irrelevant.
在一實施例中，該本體與該軸孔垂直的端面的防鬆結構為楔形凸輪面，該楔形凸輪面的楔形凸輪的傾斜角度大於該螺栓的導程角度，且該楔形凸輪的傾斜方向與該螺栓的螺旋方向相同。 In an embodiment, the anti-loosening structure of the end surface of the main body perpendicular to the shaft hole is a wedge cam surface, the inclination angle of the wedge cam of the wedge cam surface is greater than the lead angle of the bolt, and the inclination direction of the wedge cam is the same as The screw direction of the bolt is the same.
在一實施例中，該本體與該軸孔垂直的端面的防鬆結構為楔形凸輪面，該楔形凸輪面搭配防鬆墊片，該本體的楔形凸輪面與該防鬆墊片的楔形凸輪面相互對應崁合。 In one embodiment, the anti-loosening structure of the end surface of the main body perpendicular to the shaft hole is a wedge-shaped cam surface, the wedge-shaped cam surface is matched with an anti-loosening washer, and the wedge-shaped cam surface of the main body and the wedge-shaped cam surface of the anti-loosening washer Corresponding to each other.
在一實施例中，該防鬆墊片的楔形凸輪面的背面的鋸齒狀肋條面的鋸齒狀肋條的截面的傾斜角度大於該螺栓的導程角度，該鋸齒狀肋條的截面的傾斜方向與該螺栓的螺旋方向相反。 In one embodiment, the inclination angle of the cross section of the serrated rib of the serrated rib surface on the back of the wedge cam surface of the anti-loosening washer is greater than the lead angle of the bolt, and the inclination direction of the cross section of the serrated rib is greater than the lead angle of the bolt. The screw direction of the bolts is opposite.
在一實施例中，該本體與該防鬆墊片的硬度相同，該本體與該防鬆墊片的硬度皆大於該螺栓的螺栓頭的硬度及被固定件的表面硬度。 In one embodiment, the body and the anti-loosening washer have the same hardness, and the hardness of the body and the anti-loosening washer are both greater than the hardness of the bolt head of the bolt and the surface hardness of the fixed part.
在一實施例中，該感測元件為電阻式應變規或壓力感測元件，以測量該本體軸向受力產生的形變感測值。 In one embodiment, the sensing element is a resistive strain gauge or a pressure sensing element to measure the deformation sensing value generated by the axial force of the body.
在一實施例中，該訊號處理器將該形變感測值以無線方式傳輸至扭力工具的控制器，以控制該螺栓的夾緊力；該訊號處理器以有線或無線方式傳輸至閘道器將該形變感測值上傳至監控裝置，該形變感測值超過預設值時，該監控裝置發出警訊。 In one embodiment, the signal processor wirelessly transmits the deformation sensing value to the controller of the torque tool to control the clamping force of the bolt; the signal processor transmits to the gateway in a wired or wireless manner The deformation sensing value is uploaded to the monitoring device, and when the deformation sensing value exceeds the preset value, the monitoring device issues a warning signal.
藉此，本發明的螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈可防鬆與監控螺栓的緊固狀態。 Thereby, the bolt clamping force sensing washer of the present invention can prevent loosening and monitor the tightening state of the bolt.
1:感應墊圈 1: induction washer
11:本體 11: body
111:軸孔 111: Shaft hole
112:環槽 112: ring groove
113:弧形肋條面 113: Arc ribbed noodles
1131:弧形肋條(radius ribs) 1131: radius ribs
1132:斜坡角度 1132: slope angle
114:楔形凸輪面 114: wedge cam surface
1141:楔形凸輪(wedge cam) 1141: wedge cam
1142:傾斜角度 1142: Tilt angle
12:感測元件 12: Sensing element
121:感測訊號線 121: Sensing signal line
13:襯套 13: Bushing
2:訊號處理器 2: signal processor
20:連接頭 20: Connector
21:微處理器 21: Microprocessor
22:訊號放大器 22: signal amplifier
23:配對按鍵開關 23: Pairing key switch
24:電源電路單元 24: Power circuit unit
25:訊號傳輸單元 25: Signal transmission unit
26:記憶單元 26: memory unit
27:RF天線 27: RF antenna
28:警示單元 28: Warning unit
29:閘道器 29: Gateway
3:連接線組合 3: Connection line combination
31:單接頭連接線 31: Single connector cable
32:雙接頭連接線 32: Double connector cable
311:連接器 311: Connector
312:連接頭 312: Connector
4:防鬆墊片 4: Anti-loose gasket
41:楔形凸輪面 41: wedge cam surface
411:楔形凸輪 411: Wedge Cam
412:傾斜角度 412: Tilt Angle
42:鋸齒狀肋條面 42: Serrated rib noodles
421:鋸齒狀肋條(seratted ribs) 421: seratted ribs
422:傾斜角度 422: Tilt angle
5:螺栓 5: Bolt
51:螺栓頭 51: Bolt head
52:螺紋 52: Thread
53:導程角度 53: Lead angle
6:外部裝置 6: External device
7:被固定件 7: Fixed parts
71:貫孔 71: Through hole
72:標準荷重元 72: Standard load element
721:貫孔 721: Through Hole
73:施力工件 73: Forced Workpiece
8:被鎖固件 8: locked firmware
81:螺孔 81: screw hole
91:控制器 91: Controller
92:雲端伺服器 92: Cloud Server
[圖1]係本發明具體實施例螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈之各式防鬆結構示意圖。 [Figure 1] is a schematic diagram of various anti-loosening structures of bolt clamping force induction washers in specific embodiments of the present invention.
[圖2A]係本發明具體實施例螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈搭配使用於右螺旋螺栓的防鬆墊片示意圖。 [Fig. 2A] is a schematic diagram of a bolt clamping force sensing washer used in combination with an anti-loosening washer for a right screw bolt in a specific embodiment of the present invention.
[圖2B]係本發明具體實施例螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈搭配使用於左螺旋螺栓的防鬆墊片示意圖。 [Fig. 2B] is a schematic diagram of a bolt clamping force sensing washer used in combination with an anti-loosening washer for a left screw bolt in a specific embodiment of the present invention.
[圖3]係本發明具體實施例螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈與應用於右螺旋螺栓的組合示意圖。 [Fig. 3] is a schematic diagram of a combination of a bolt clamping force sensing washer and a right screw bolt applied to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
[圖4]係圖3之螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈與應用於左右螺旋螺栓的分解示意圖。 [Figure 4] is an exploded schematic diagram of the bolt clamping force sensing washer in Figure 3 and applied to the left and right spiral bolts.
[圖5]係圖3左右旋螺栓都通用的本體之組合應用的防鬆結構截面示意圖。 [Figure 5] is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the anti-loosening structure of the combined application of the main body that is common to both left and right screws in Figure 3.
[圖6]係本發明具體實施例螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈與應用於右螺旋螺栓的組合示意圖。 [Figure 6] is a schematic diagram of the combination of a bolt clamping force sensing washer and a right screw bolt applied to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
[圖7]係圖6之螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈與應用於右螺旋螺栓的分解示意圖。 [Fig. 7] is an exploded schematic diagram of the bolt clamping force sensing washer in Fig. 6 and applied to the right screw bolt.
[圖8]係圖6右螺旋螺栓用的感應墊圈之組合應用的防鬆結構截面示意圖。 [Figure 8] is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the anti-loosening structure of the combined application of the induction washer for the right screw bolt in Figure 6.
[圖9]係本發明具體實施例螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈與應用於左螺旋螺栓的組合示意圖。 [Fig. 9] is a schematic diagram of a combination of a bolt clamping force induction washer and a left screw bolt applied to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
[圖10]係圖9之螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈與應用於左螺旋螺栓的分解示意圖。 [Fig. 10] is an exploded schematic diagram of the bolt clamping force sensing washer of Fig. 9 and applied to the left screw bolt.
[圖11]係圖9之左螺旋螺栓用的感應墊圈之組合應用的防鬆結構截面示意圖。 [Figure 11] is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the anti-loosening structure of the combined application of the induction washer for the left screw bolt of Figure 9.
[圖12]係本發明具體實施例螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈與應用於右螺旋螺栓的另一組合示意圖。 [Fig. 12] is another schematic diagram of the combination of the bolt clamping force sensing washer and the right screw bolt used in the specific embodiment of the present invention.
[圖13]係圖12之螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈與應用於右螺旋螺栓的另一分解示意圖。 [Figure 13] is another exploded schematic view of the bolt clamping force sensing washer of Figure 12 and its application to the right screw bolt.
[圖14]係圖12之右螺旋螺栓用的感應墊圈之組合應用的另一防鬆結構截面示意圖。 [Figure 14] is a schematic cross-sectional view of another anti-loosening structure of the combined application of the induction washer for the right screw bolt of Figure 12.
[圖15]係本發明具體實施例螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈與應用於左螺旋螺栓的另一組合示意圖。 [Fig. 15] It is a schematic diagram of another combination of a bolt clamping force induction washer and a left screw bolt applied to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
[圖16]係圖15之螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈與應用於左螺旋螺栓的另一分解示意圖。 [Figure 16] is another exploded schematic view of the bolt clamping force sensing washer of Figure 15 and its application to the left screw bolt.
[圖17]係圖15之左螺旋螺栓用的感應墊圈之組合應用的另一防鬆結構截面示意圖。 [Fig. 17] It is a schematic cross-sectional view of another anti-loosening structure of the combination application of the induction washer for the left screw bolt of Fig. 15.
[圖18]係本發明具體實施例螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈之組成示意圖。 [Figure 18] is a schematic diagram of the composition of a bolt clamping force sensing washer of a specific embodiment of the present invention.
[圖19]係本發明具體實施例螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈之另一組成示意圖。 [Figure 19] is another schematic diagram of the composition of the bolt clamping force sensing washer of the specific embodiment of the present invention.
[圖20]係本發明具體實施例螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈的感應墊圈之校驗示意圖。 [Figure 20] is a schematic diagram of the verification of the induction washer of the bolt clamping force induction washer of the specific embodiment of the present invention.
[圖21]係本發明具體實施例螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈的感應墊圈之另一校驗示意圖。 [Figure 21] is another schematic diagram of the verification of the induction washer of the bolt clamping force induction washer of the specific embodiment of the present invention.
[圖22]係本發明具體實施例螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈之應用示意圖。 [Figure 22] is a schematic diagram of the application of the bolt clamping force induction washer of the specific embodiment of the present invention.
為充分瞭解本發明之目的、特徵及功效，茲藉由下述具體之實施例，並配合所附之圖式，對本發明做一詳細說明，說明如後：請參考圖1、圖2A、圖2B、圖5、圖8、圖11、圖14、圖17，如圖所示，其係為本發明所提供的一種螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈之本體11及其防鬆結構。金屬材質製成的本體11與其軸孔111同軸且垂直的二端面製成有如圖1的1a
的二端面皆為弧形肋條面113或如圖1的1b及1c的二端面皆為楔形凸輪面114或如圖1的1d及1e的二端面分別為楔形凸輪面114及弧形肋條面113的組合應用。圖1的1a係利用弧形肋條面113的弧形肋條1131的斜坡角度1132大於該螺栓5的導程角度53，圖1的1a的防鬆結構適用於左螺旋或右螺旋的螺栓，而圖1的1b及1c的楔形凸輪面114的楔形凸輪1141的傾斜角度1142大於該螺栓5的導程角度53，以藉由張力而非摩擦力防止該螺栓5鬆脫，圖1的1b及1c的防鬆結構則可搭配圖2A及圖2B的防鬆墊片4使用。圖1的1d及1e的防鬆結構則為一面製成弧形肋條面113，另一面製成楔形凸輪面114以搭配圖2A及圖2B的防鬆墊片4的其中一片使用。圖1的1b、1c、1d及1e的本體11的楔形凸輪面114皆與所搭配的防鬆墊片4的楔形凸輪面41的尺寸與硬度相符，且較使用的螺栓5與被固定件7的表面的硬度高。本體11的楔形凸輪1141的傾斜角度1142皆與使用的螺栓5的螺旋方向相同。而防鬆墊片4的楔形凸輪面41背面的鋸齒狀肋條面42的鋸齒狀肋條421的傾斜角度422與該防鬆墊片4的另一端面的楔形凸輪411的傾斜角度412相同，但傾斜方向相反。本體11與軸孔111垂直的二端面的防鬆結構為一體成型。
In order to fully understand the purpose, features and effects of the present invention, the following specific embodiments are used in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to give a detailed description of the present invention. The description is as follows: please refer to Figure 1, Figure 2A, Figure 2B, FIG. 5, FIG. 8, FIG. 11, FIG. 14, and FIG. 17, as shown in the figures, they are the
請參考圖3、圖4、圖5及圖22，如圖所示，本發明係提供一種螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈(Bolt Force Sensing Washer)，其包含感應墊圈1、訊號處理器2及連接線組合3。該感應墊圈1具有本體11、感測元件12、襯套13；該本體11搭配螺栓5的螺紋52外徑而具有同軸的軸孔111，該本體11的外環具有內凹形狀的環槽112，該本體11與該軸孔111垂直的二端面分別具有防鬆結構，該防鬆結構可為弧形肋條面113；該感測元件12貼附於該環槽112內，以感測該本體11受到該螺栓5鎖緊時產生的夾緊力導致的形變感測值；該襯套13為金屬或塑膠材質製成或以塑性絕緣材料澆注成型，以包覆及保護該感測元件12；該訊號處理
器2具有微處理器21、訊號放大器22、配對按鍵開關23、電源電路單元24(可為市電或電池)、訊號傳輸單元25(可為傳輸介面卡)、記憶單元26(可為記憶體或記憶卡)、RF天線27(或藍芽)及警示單元28(可為蜂鳴器或警示燈)，該訊號放大器22、該配對按鍵開關23、該電源電路單元24、該訊號傳輸單元25、該記憶單元26、該RF天線27及該警示單元28電性連接該微處理器21，該配對按鍵開關23可以射頻標籤取代以供識別用，另外，該訊號處理器2亦可具有顯示、配對識別、定位及避雷…等功能以供戶外使用，以依預設的參數將該螺栓5的位置及夾緊力的狀態傳送到雲端伺服器92(如圖16所示)做遠端監控，或於該螺栓5緊固力的變異量超出預設範圍時提出警訊，再者，該感應墊圈1可經校驗以得到其軸向受力的大小與產生的形變感測值間的關係式，並儲存於該訊號處理器2的記憶單元26；該連接線組合3係可穿過該襯套13電性連接該感測元件12與該訊號處理器2。
Please refer to Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 22, as shown in the figure, the present invention provides a bolt clamping force sensing washer (Bolt Force Sensing Washer), which includes a
如上所述，當該螺栓5穿越該感應墊圈1的本體11的軸孔111、被固定件7的貫孔71及被鎖固件8的螺孔81以進行鎖固時。過程中，透過該訊號處理器2的訊號傳輸單元25接收來自該感應墊圈1的形變感測值，該訊號處理器2的微處理器21持續運算得到緊固力的變化，並同步以無線(如RF天線)方式傳遞到控制器91(該控制器為氣動、電動或油壓扭力鎖緊工具的控制器)，當鎖緊到該控制器91上設定的目標緊固力時，該控制器91即時切斷動力源，同時以響聲或燈號提示作業人員。鎖固後，該感應墊圈1的二端面的弧形肋條面113的複數個弧形狀肋條1131(如圖5所示)會分別崁入該螺栓5的螺栓頭51的底部及該被固定件7的表面，該感應墊圈1便可藉其二端面的防鬆結構防止該螺栓5因振動而鬆脫，另外，該感應墊圈1的二端面具有該弧形肋條面113時，該螺栓5可為右
螺旋或左螺旋的螺栓。如圖22所示，該感應墊圈1並可透過該訊號處理器2以有線(如RS485)或無線(如RF天線)方式電性連接閘道器29(Gateway)及周邊的監控裝置(如雲端伺服器92)做遠端監控，該閘道器29可視需要增設定位裝置(如GPS)或避雷裝置以供戶外使用，依預設的參數將該螺栓5的位置及夾緊力的狀態傳送到雲端伺服器92做遠端監控。當該螺栓5的緊固力變異量超出設定範圍時，該訊號處理器2的警示單元28或該控制器91可立即發出警報。另外，多個訊號處理器2可電性連接到同一個閘道器29，再轉傳到該控制器91或該雲端伺服器92等周邊設施。再者，該訊號處理器2與該感應墊圈1亦可分開取用，惟，在該感應墊圈1的本體11的端面或該襯套13上的適當位置，應貼附可供辨識或讀取該感應墊圈1的校驗相關參數的元件，例如該感應墊圈1的出廠序號、一或二維條碼或射頻標籤等，使該感應墊圈1電性連接該訊號處理器2時，可取得該感應墊圈1的校驗參數，據以做為夾緊力值的運算及其他相關的處理，例如記憶、傳輸與監控…等。如此，本發明的螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈除了可掌握該螺栓5鎖緊過程中產生的夾緊力變化，鎖固後，還可以持續監視其緊固的狀態，更能防止其因震動而導致的鬆脫或遭人為破壞時即時發出警訊，以確保結構的永續安全。另外，該訊號處理器2的記憶單元26所儲存的施工資訊，更可提供相關責任的追蹤查核。
As described above, when the
請參考圖1、圖2A、圖2B、圖6、圖7、圖8、圖9、圖10及圖11，如圖所示，在此實施例中，該感應墊圈1的本體11與該軸孔111垂直的二端面的防鬆結構可為楔形凸輪面114，該楔形凸輪面114具有複數個楔形凸輪(wedge cam)1141，以圓環形放射狀排列於二端面。該本體11的楔形凸輪面114的楔形凸輪1141的傾斜角度1142大於該螺栓5的導程角度53。
Please refer to Figure 1, Figure 2A, Figure 2B, Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 9, Figure 10 and Figure 11, as shown in the figure, in this embodiment, the
請參考圖1、圖2A、圖2B、圖6、圖7、圖8、圖9、圖10及圖11，如圖所示，該夾緊力感應墊圈1可搭配防鬆墊片4使用，該防鬆墊片4分開設置於該本體11的二端面，以防鬆墊片4的楔形凸輪面41與本體11的楔形凸輪面114相互崁合以防鬆。該本體11為金屬材質，且該本體11的硬度與該防鬆墊片4的硬度相同(其硬度的變異量在容許的設計範圍內)，且該本體11的硬度大於該螺栓5的螺栓頭51的硬度及被固定件7的硬度。
Please refer to Figure 1, Figure 2A, Figure 2B, Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 9, Figure 10 and Figure 11. The
請參考圖1、圖2A、圖2B、圖6、圖7、圖8、圖9、圖10及圖11，如圖所示，在此實施例中，該本體11搭配使用的防鬆墊片4的楔形凸輪面41具有與本體11的楔形凸輪面114同樣尺寸結構的複數個楔形凸輪411，亦以圓環形放射狀排列。該防鬆墊片4的另一面為鋸齒狀肋條面42，其具有複數個鋸齒狀肋條421，以圓環形放射狀排列且朝向該被固定件7的端面，於螺栓5鎖緊時，藉該鋸齒狀肋條421咬入被固定件7的表面。
Please refer to Figure 1, Figure 2A, Figure 2B, Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 9, Figure 10 and Figure 11. The
請參考圖2A、圖6、圖7、圖8及圖14，如圖所示，在此實施例中，使用的螺栓5係右旋螺紋，本體11的楔形凸輪1141的傾斜角度1142與防鬆墊片4的楔形凸輪411的的傾斜角度412之傾斜方向與該與該螺栓5的螺旋方向相同。而防鬆墊片4的鋸齒狀肋條面42的鋸齒狀肋條421的傾斜角度422與該防鬆墊片4的楔形凸輪41的傾斜角度412相同，但傾斜方向相反。
Please refer to Figure 2A, Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8 and Figure 14, as shown in the figure, in this embodiment, the
請參考圖1、圖2A、圖2B、圖12、圖13、圖14、圖15、圖16及圖17，如圖所示，在此實施例中，該本體11與該軸孔111垂直的二端面的防鬆結構係可為如前述兩形式的混合應用，本體11朝向該螺栓5的螺栓頭51的底部的端面為弧形肋條面113，螺栓5鎖緊時，弧形肋條1131直接崁入螺栓頭51的底部，不需使用防鬆墊片4；另外，朝向被固定件7的端面為楔形凸輪面114，該
楔形凸輪面114具有複數個楔形凸輪(wedge cam)1141，該等楔形凸輪1141以圓環形放射狀排列於該本體11的端面，其傾斜角度1142大於該螺栓5的導程角度53。
Please refer to Figure 1, Figure 2A, Figure 2B, Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14, Figure 15, Figure 16, and Figure 17, as shown in the figure, in this embodiment, the
請參考圖1、圖2A、圖2B、圖12、圖13、圖14、圖15、圖16及圖17，如圖所示，在此實施例中，該本體11朝向被固定件7的端面為楔形凸輪面114可搭配一組兩片式防鬆墊片4的其中一片使用，該防鬆墊片4以楔形凸輪面41與本體11的楔形凸輪面114相互崁合以防鬆。防鬆墊片4以楔形凸輪面41背面的鋸齒狀肋條面42的鋸齒狀肋條421崁入被固定件7的端面，該鋸齒狀肋條421的斜坡角度422大於該螺栓5的導程角度53，該鋸齒狀肋條421的截面的傾斜方向與該螺栓5的螺旋方向相反。其作用原理同前述說明。
Please refer to Figure 1, Figure 2A, Figure 2B, Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14, Figure 15, Figure 16, and Figure 17, as shown in the figure, in this embodiment, the
請參考圖4、圖7、圖10、圖13、圖16、圖18及圖19，如圖所示，在一實施例中，該連接線組合3可為連接器311結合雙接頭連接線32，或該連接線組合3可為單接頭連接線31，該感測元件12的感測訊號線121(如圖4所示)電性連接該連接器311，如圖18所示該感測元件12透過該襯套13上的連接器311與雙接頭連接線32的連接頭312電性連接該訊號處理器2的連接頭20，或如圖19所示以單接頭連接線31電性連接該感測訊號線121，單接頭連接線31穿過襯套13電性連接該訊號處理器2的連接頭20。
Please refer to FIG. 4, FIG. 7, FIG. 10, FIG. 13, FIG. 16, FIG. 18, and FIG. , Or the connecting
請參考圖4、圖7、圖10、圖13、圖16，如圖所示，在一實施例中，該感測元件12為電阻式應變規或壓力感測元件(例如壓電片)，以測量該本體11軸向受力產生的形變感測值。
Please refer to FIG. 4, FIG. 7, FIG. 10, FIG. 13, and FIG. 16. As shown in the figures, in one embodiment, the
請參考圖20及圖21，如圖所示，在一實施例中，該訊號處理器2與該感應墊圈1配對電性相連。該感應墊圈1經校驗後，該訊號處理器2的記憶
單元26儲存該本體11的形變感測值與對應的軸向夾緊力的關係曲線，且每一感應墊圈1與其電性連接的訊號處理器2皆可配對使用。如圖20所示，本發明之螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈校驗時，係以螺栓5、感應墊圈1、標準荷重元72、被固定件7及被鎖固件8鎖緊至該感應墊圈1與該標準荷重元72的設計能力範圍內，該螺栓5穿過該感應墊圈1的軸孔111、該標準荷重元72的貫孔721、該被固定件7的貫孔71以鎖固於該被鎖固件8的螺孔81，之後施以扭力產生軸向負載，以取得該感應墊圈1的形變感測值及該標準荷重元72的軸向力的數值，以建立該感應墊圈1的形變感測值與夾緊力的關係曲線，並儲存於與該感應墊圈1電性連接的訊號處理器2的記憶單元26或周邊的記憶裝置，而該感應墊圈1的序號與相關的校驗參數係一併儲存。另外，如圖21所示，本發明之螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈校驗時亦可以透過施力工件73施加軸向力於感應墊圈1與同軸定位的標準荷重元72，下壓被固定件7至該感應墊圈1與該標準荷重元72的設計能力範圍內，以取得該感應墊圈1的形變感測值及該標準荷重元72的軸向力的數值，以建立該感應墊圈1的形變感測值與夾緊力的關係曲線，並儲存於與該感應墊圈1電性連接的訊號處理器2的記憶單元26或周邊的記憶裝置，而該感應墊圈1的序號與相關的校驗參數係一併儲存。校驗複數感應墊圈1時，各該感應墊圈1的編碼連同校驗參數輸入於該訊號處理器2的記憶單元26做配對記錄。另外，各該感應墊圈1的編碼連同校驗參數亦可儲存於周邊記憶裝置或雲端資料庫以供施工時下載輸入至該訊號處理器2運算使用。再者，各該感應墊圈1的編碼連同校驗參數亦可製成一或二維條碼貼附於該襯套13外圍或連接該襯套13的連接訊號線31上，使用者可以有線或無線的掃瞄器掃瞄條碼以將該感應墊圈1的編碼與校驗參數輸入至該訊號處理器2做配對後運算。
Please refer to FIG. 20 and FIG. 21. As shown in the figures, in one embodiment, the
請參考圖3、圖6、圖9、圖12及圖15，如圖所示，在一實施例中，該電源電路單元24為充電電池、市電或太陽能發電源，該微處理器21於該電源電路單元24的容量下限時透過該警示單元28發報提示以更換或維修該電源電路單元24。
Please refer to Figure 3, Figure 6, Figure 9, Figure 12 and Figure 15. As shown in the figure, in one embodiment, the
請參考圖22，如圖所示，在一實施例中，該訊號處理器2於預設時程檢視該感應墊圈1的緊固狀態是否在預設範圍內並傳輸資料至外部裝置(例如控制器91或雲端伺服器92)，或該外部裝置(例如控制器91或雲端伺服器92)以有線或無線方式電性相連該訊號處理器2的記憶單元26以檢視該感應墊圈1的緊固狀態是否在預設範圍內。如上所述，當該螺栓5進行鎖緊作業時，該螺栓5穿越該本體11的軸孔111、被固定件7的貫孔71及被鎖固件8的螺孔81以鎖緊該被固定件7及該被鎖固件8。過程中，透過該訊號處理器2的訊號傳輸單元25接收來自該感應墊圈1的形變感測值，該訊號處理器2的微處理器21持續運算得到緊固力的變化，並同步以有線(如RS485)或無線(如RF天線)方式傳遞到電動衝擊式扭力工具內建的控制器91(如圖22所示)或連接到氣動衝擊板手的控制器91(如圖22所示)，該控制器91為氣動、電動或油壓動力源的控制器。當該螺栓5達到該控制器91上設定的緊固力的目標值時，該控制器91即時切斷動力源，同時以響聲或燈號提示作業人員。該螺栓5鎖固後，該感應墊圈1的二端面的弧形肋條面113的複數弧形肋條1131(如圖1及圖4所示)會分別崁入該螺栓5的螺栓頭51的底部及該被固定件7的頂部，該感應墊圈1便可藉其二端面的防鬆結構防止該螺栓5因振動而鬆脫。如圖22所示，該感應墊圈1並可透過該訊號處理器2與其電性連接的閘道器29(Gateway)及周邊的監控裝置(如雲端伺服器92)做遠端監控，該閘道器29可視需要增設定位裝置(如GPS)或避雷裝置以供戶外使用，以依預設
的參數將該螺栓5的位置及夾緊力的狀態傳送到雲端伺服器92做遠端監控。當該螺栓5的緊固力變異量超出設定範圍時，該訊號處理器2的警示單元28或該控制器91可立即發出警報。另外，多個訊號處理器2可電性連接到一個閘道器29再轉傳到該控制器91或該雲端伺服器92等周邊設施。再者，該訊號處理器2與該感應墊圈1亦可分開取用，惟，在該感應墊圈1的端面或該襯套13上的適當位置應貼附可供辨識或讀取該感應墊圈1的校驗相關參數的元件，例如該感應墊圈1的出廠序號、二維條碼或射頻標籤等，使該感應墊圈1電性連接該訊號處理器2時可取得該感應墊圈1的校驗參數，據以做為夾緊力值的運算及其他相關的處理，例如記憶、傳輸與監控...等。如此，本發明的螺栓夾緊力感應墊圈除了可掌握該螺栓5的施工品質，還得以持續監視其緊固後的狀態，確保結構的永續安全。另外，該訊號處理器2的記憶單元26所儲存的施工資訊更可提供相關責任的追蹤查核。
Please refer to FIG. 22. As shown in the figure, in one embodiment, the
本發明在上文中已以較佳實施例揭露，然熟習本項技術者應理解的是，該實施例僅用於描繪本發明，而不應解讀為限制本發明之範圍。應注意的是，舉凡與該實施例等效之變化與置換，均應設為涵蓋於本發明之範疇內。因此，本發明之保護範圍當以申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 The present invention has been disclosed in a preferred embodiment above, but those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiment is only used to describe the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that all changes and substitutions equivalent to this embodiment should be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the scope of the patent application.
1:感應墊圈 1: induction washer
11:本體 11: body
111:軸孔 111: Shaft hole
112:環槽 112: ring groove
113:弧形肋條面 113: Arc ribbed noodles
12:感測元件 12: Sensing element
121:感測訊號線 121: Sensing signal line
13:襯套 13: Bushing
3:連接線組合 3: Connection line combination
31:單接頭連接線 31: Single connector cable
5:螺栓 5: Bolt
51:螺栓頭 51: Bolt head
52:螺紋 52: Thread
7:被固定件 7: Fixed parts
71:貫孔 71: Through hole
8:被鎖固件 8: locked firmware
81:螺孔 81: screw hole
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| TW109112350A TWI742612B (en) | 2020-04-13 | 2020-04-13 | Bolt clamping force sensing washer |
| JP2021025603A JP2021169998A (en) | 2020-04-13 | 2021-02-19 | Bolt tightening force sensing washer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW109112350A TWI742612B (en) | 2020-04-13 | 2020-04-13 | Bolt clamping force sensing washer |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| TWI742612B true TWI742612B (en) | 2021-10-11 |
| TW202138777A TW202138777A (en) | 2021-10-16 |
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| JP (1) | JP2021169998A (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI742612B (en) |
Cited By (1)
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| CN116412948A (en) * | 2023-02-06 | 2023-07-11 | 广州市市政工程试验检测有限公司 | Ultrathin force transducer, preparation method, monitoring system, monitoring method and application |
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| WO2023188665A1 (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2023-10-05 | アルプスアルパイン株式会社 | Detection device |
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| JP2021169998A (en) | 2021-10-28 |
| TW202138777A (en) | 2021-10-16 |
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