TWI730241B - A carbon rights trading system and method - Google Patents
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本發明係有一種交易系統與方法，更特別是有關於一種使用區塊鏈技術的碳權交易系統與方法。 The present invention relates to a trading system and method, and more particularly relates to a carbon rights trading system and method using blockchain technology.
人類活動使大氣中溫室氣體含量增加，由於燃燒化石燃料及水蒸氣、二氧化碳、甲烷等產生排放的氣體，經紅外線輻射吸收留住能量，導致全球表面溫度升高，加劇溫室效應，造成全球暖化。為了解決此問題，聯合國制定了氣候變化框架公約，控制溫室氣體的排放量，防止地球的溫度上升，影響生態和環境。 Human activities increase the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The emissions produced by burning fossil fuels, water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, etc., are absorbed and retained by infrared radiation, leading to an increase in global surface temperature, aggravating the greenhouse effect, and causing global warming . In order to solve this problem, the United Nations formulated the Framework Convention on Climate Change to control the emission of greenhouse gases and prevent the earth's temperature from rising and affecting the ecology and environment.
碳交易是《京都議定書》為促進全球減少溫室氣體排放，採用市場機制，建立的以《聯合國氣候變化框架公約》(The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change，UNFCCC)作為依據的溫室氣體排放權(減排量)交易。二氧化碳(CO2)、甲烷(CH4)、氧化亞氮(N2O)、氫氟碳化物(HFCs)、全氟碳化物(PFCs)及六氟化硫(SF6)為公約納入的6種要求減排的溫室氣體。溫室氣體交易往往以每噸二氧化碳當量(tCO2e)為計量單位，統稱為「碳交易」。其交易市場稱為「碳交易市場」(Carbon Market)。 Carbon trading is the “Kyoto Protocol” to promote the global reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, adopting a market mechanism, and establishes the “United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change” (The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC) as a basis for greenhouse gas emission rights (reductions). Displacement) transaction. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) are the 6 types included in the Convention Greenhouse gases that require reductions. Greenhouse gas trading is often measured in units of carbon dioxide equivalent per ton (tCO2e), collectively referred to as "carbon trading." Its trading market is called the "Carbon Market" (Carbon Market).
碳交易被區分為兩種型態：第一種是配額型交易(Allowance-based transactions)：指總量管制下所產生的排減單位的交易，如歐盟的歐盟排放權交易制的「歐盟排放配額」(European Union Allowances，EUAs) 交易，主要是被《京都議定書》排減的國家之間超額排減量的交易，通常是現貨交易。第二種是項目型交易(Project-based transactions)：指因進行減排項目所產生的減排單位的交易，如清潔發展機制下的「排放減量權證」、聯合履行機制下的「排放減量單位」，主要是透過國與國合作的排減計畫產生的減排量交易，通常以期貨方式預先買賣。然而，在實際運作方面，一些已開發國家是否真正達到節能減碳的目標令人質疑。並且，碳排放權交易制度是否能真正地達到節能減碳的目標，或僅是被交易者當成壟斷及斂財的工具，也是令人質疑。 Carbon trading is divided into two types: the first is allowance-based transactions: refers to the trading of emission reduction units generated under total control, such as the European Union’s EU Emissions Trading System "EU Emissions" "Quota" (European Union Allowances, EUAs) Transactions are mainly transactions of excess emission reductions between countries that are reduced by the Kyoto Protocol, usually spot transactions. The second type is project-based transactions: refers to the transactions of emission reduction units resulting from the implementation of emission reduction projects, such as "emission reduction warrants" under the clean development mechanism, and "emission reduction units under the joint implementation mechanism" "It's mainly the emission reduction trading generated through the country-to-country cooperation emission reduction plan, which is usually pre-sold in the form of futures. However, in terms of actual operation, it is questionable whether some developed countries can truly achieve the goals of energy conservation and carbon reduction. Moreover, whether the carbon emission trading system can truly achieve the goal of energy saving and carbon reduction, or is only regarded as a tool for monopoly and wealth accumulation by traders, is also questionable.
區塊鏈是一種利用電腦網路建立的共享加密總帳技術，網路中的每位成員都能取得總帳資料，且沒有所謂的單一授權機制。如果能將區塊鏈應用在碳權交易，就能直接連結生產方與消費方，讓系統運作變得更加透明。然而，目前的區塊鏈多是以數位貨幣作為碳權交易的交易憑證，並非直接進行碳權交易。 Blockchain is a shared encrypted general ledger technology established by a computer network. Every member of the network can obtain general ledger data, and there is no so-called single authorization mechanism. If blockchain can be applied to carbon rights trading, it can directly connect producers and consumers, and make the system operation more transparent. However, most of the current blockchains use digital currencies as the transaction vouchers for carbon rights transactions, rather than direct carbon rights transactions.
有鑑於上述問題，有必要提出一種新的碳權交易系統與方法，以解決上述問題。 In view of the above problems, it is necessary to propose a new carbon trading system and method to solve the above problems.
本發明之主要目的係在於提出一種碳權交易系統，使得網路節點上的供應端與需求端都能取得總帳資料，且沒有所謂的單一授權機制；並即時提供雙方得知即時的碳權價格，使供給端與需求端取得一個平衡。 The main purpose of the present invention is to propose a carbon rights trading system, so that both the supply side and the demand side on the network node can obtain general ledger data, and there is no so-called single authorization mechanism; and provide both parties with real-time carbon rights. The price makes a balance between the supply side and the demand side.
本發明之另一目的係在於提出一種碳權交易方法，能夠直接連結供應端與需求端，並即時提供雙方得知即時的碳權價格，讓碳權交易系統運作變得更加透明。 Another purpose of the present invention is to propose a carbon rights trading method that can directly connect the supply side and the demand side, and provide both parties with the real-time carbon rights price in real time, so that the operation of the carbon rights trading system becomes more transparent.
為實現上述主要目的，本發明提出一種碳權交易系統，其主要包括：至少一碳權供應端，提供一碳權；以及至少一碳權需求端，取得該至 少一碳權供應端提供的該碳權；該至少一碳權供應端與該至少一碳權需求端形成彼此之間相互網路連結成具有複數個節點的一互聯網路；其中，當該至少一碳權供應端提出一碳權供應量之一訊息傳送至該互聯網路的每一節點，且該至少一碳權需求端提出一碳權需求量之一訊息傳送至該互聯網路的每一節點時，在該互聯網路的某一節點基於一區塊鏈模型形成一智慧合約，並發送到該互聯網路的每一節點。 In order to achieve the above main objectives, the present invention proposes a carbon rights trading system, which mainly includes: at least one carbon rights supply end, which provides one carbon right; and at least one carbon rights demand end, which obtains the right The carbon rights provided by one less carbon rights supply end; the at least one carbon rights supply end and the at least one carbon rights demand end form an Internet connection with a plurality of nodes; wherein, when the at least one carbon rights supply end and the at least one carbon rights demand end form an Internet connection with each other A carbon rights supply end proposes a carbon rights supply and a message is sent to each node of the Internet road, and the at least one carbon rights demand end proposes a carbon rights demand and a message is sent to each node of the Internet road At this time, a certain node on the Internet road forms a smart contract based on a blockchain model and sends it to each node on the Internet road.
根據本發明之一特徵，該至少一碳權供應端係包含至少一再生能源發電源。 According to a feature of the present invention, the at least one carbon right supply end includes at least one renewable energy power generation source.
根據本發明之一特徵，該至少一碳權供應端包含：一需求儲存元件，接收並儲存來自該互聯網路的該碳權需求量之該訊息；以及一供應端中央處理元件，在提出該碳權供應量之該訊息至該互聯網路或接收到來自該互聯網路的該碳權需求訊息時，以進行一工作量證明，並將該工作量證明傳送到該互聯網路內之每一節點。 According to a feature of the present invention, the at least one carbon rights supply end includes: a demand storage element that receives and stores the information of the carbon rights demand amount from the Internet; and a supply end central processing element that proposes the carbon rights When the information of the right supply reaches the Internet channel or receives the carbon rights demand message from the Internet channel, a workload certification is performed, and the workload certification is transmitted to each node in the Internet channel.
根據本發明之一特徵，該至少一碳權需求端包含：一儲存元件，儲存來自該互聯網路的該碳權供應訊息；以及一需求端中央處理元件，在提出該碳權需求量之該訊息傳送至該互聯網路或接收到來自該互聯網路的該碳權供應訊息時，以進行一工作量證明，並將該工作量證明傳送到該互聯網路內之每一節點。 According to a feature of the present invention, the at least one carbon right demand terminal includes: a storage component that stores the carbon right supply information from the Internet; and a demand-side central processing component that presents the carbon right demand information When transmitting to the Internet channel or receiving the carbon rights supply message from the Internet channel, a proof of work is performed, and the proof of work is transmitted to each node in the Internet.
為實現上述另一目的，本發明提出一種碳權交易方法，，用於一碳權交易系統，該碳權交易系統包含至少一碳權供應端，提供一碳權，至少一碳權需求端，取得該至少一碳權供應端提供的該碳權，該碳權交易方法，主要包括下列步驟：步驟1：將該至少一碳權供應端與該至少一碳權需求端形成彼此之間相互網路連結成具有複數個節點的一互聯網路； 步驟2：當該至少一碳權供應端提出一碳權供應量之一訊息傳送至該互聯網路的每一節點，且該至少一碳權需求端提出一碳權需求量之一訊息傳送至該互聯網路的每一節點時，在該互聯網路的某一節點基於一區塊鏈模型形成一智慧合約；步驟3：該智慧合約發送到該互聯網路的每一節點。 In order to achieve the above-mentioned other objective, the present invention provides a carbon rights trading method for a carbon rights trading system. The carbon rights trading system includes at least one carbon rights supply end, provides one carbon rights, at least one carbon rights demand end, To obtain the carbon rights provided by the at least one carbon rights supply end, the carbon rights trading method mainly includes the following steps: Step 1: The at least one carbon rights supply end and the at least one carbon rights demand end form a mutual network The road is connected into an Internet road with a plurality of nodes; Step 2: When the at least one carbon rights supply end proposes a carbon rights supply and a message is sent to each node of the Internet road, and the at least one carbon rights demand end proposes a carbon rights demand and a message is sent to the At each node of the Internet road, a certain node on the Internet road forms a smart contract based on a blockchain model; Step 3: The smart contract is sent to each node of the Internet road.
根據本發明之一特徵，步驟2更包含：步驟2-1：一加密過程，使用一碳權交易額度，與一雜湊亂數來形成一雜湊函數；以及步驟2-2：一挖礦過程，該互聯網路內之某一節點在解出該雜湊函數後，形成該智慧合約，並於該智慧合約上加上一時間標示以形成一具有時序之智慧合約。 According to a feature of the present invention, step 2 further includes: step 2-1: an encryption process, using a carbon rights trading quota and a hash random number to form a hash function; and step 2-2: a mining process, After a node in the Internet path solves the hash function, the smart contract is formed, and a time mark is added to the smart contract to form a smart contract with time series.
根據本發明之一特徵，該具有時序之智慧合約的紀錄係至少包含了：產生該具有時序之智慧合約的時間、碳權交易額度與碳權的價格。 According to a feature of the present invention, the record of the time-series smart contract at least includes: the time when the time-series smart contract is generated, the carbon rights transaction quota, and the price of the carbon rights.
根據本發明之一特徵，當該碳權供應量大於該碳權需求量時，該碳權的價格與之一變化量呈現一負值；當該碳權供應量小於該碳權需求量時，該碳權的價格之一變化量呈現一正值。 According to a feature of the present invention, when the carbon right supply is greater than the carbon right demand, the price of the carbon right and a change amount show a negative value; when the carbon right supply is less than the carbon right demand, One of the changes in the price of the carbon rights presents a positive value.
綜上所述，本發明之碳權交易系統與方法，具有以下功效： In summary, the carbon rights trading system and method of the present invention have the following effects:
1.在網路節點上的供應端與需求端都能取得總帳資料，且沒有所謂的單一授權機制。 1. Both the supply side and the demand side on the network node can obtain general ledger data, and there is no so-called single authorization mechanism.
2.直接連結供應端與需求端，讓碳權交易系統運作變得更加透明。 2. Directly link the supply side and the demand side, making the operation of the carbon trading system more transparent.
3.供應端與需求端可以即時得知變動且合理的碳權價格。 3. The supply side and the demand side can know the changing and reasonable price of carbon rights in real time.
100:碳權交易系統 100: Carbon Trading System
110:碳權供應端 110: Carbon rights supply side
112:需求儲存元件 112: demand storage components
114:供應端中央處理元件 114: Supply-side central processing components
120:碳權需求端 120: Carbon rights demand side
122:供應儲存元件 122: Supply storage components
124:需求端中央處理元件 124: Demand-side central processing component
140:互聯網路 140: Internet Road
142:網路連線 142: network connection
144:節點 144: Node
150:伺服器 150: server
為讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵、和優點能更明顯易懂，下文特舉數個較佳實施例，並配合所附圖式，作詳細說明如下。 In order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, several preferred embodiments are listed below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are described in detail as follows.
第1圖為本發明之碳權交易系統之實施例的結構示意圖。 Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the carbon rights trading system of the present invention.
第2圖為本發明之該至少一碳權供應端的示意圖。 Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the at least one carbon rights supply end of the present invention.
第3圖為本發明之該至少一碳權需求端的示意圖。 Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the at least one carbon right demand side of the present invention.
第4圖為本發明之碳權交易方法之實施例流程圖。 Figure 4 is a flowchart of an embodiment of the carbon rights trading method of the present invention.
第5圖為本發明之碳權交易方法之步驟二之詳細實施例流程圖。 Figure 5 is a flowchart of a detailed embodiment of step 2 of the carbon rights trading method of the present invention.
雖然本發明可表現為不同形式之實施例，但附圖所示者及於本文中說明者係為本發明可之較佳實施例。熟習此項技術者將瞭解，本文所特定描述且在附圖中繪示之裝置及方法係考量為本發明之一範例，非限制性例示性實施例，且本發明之範疇僅由申請專利範圍加以界定。結合一例示性實施例繪示或描述之特徵可與其他實施例之諸特徵進行結合。此等修飾及變動將包括於本發明之範疇內。 Although the present invention can be embodied in different forms of embodiments, those shown in the drawings and described herein are preferred embodiments of the present invention. Those familiar with the art will understand that the devices and methods specifically described herein and illustrated in the drawings are considered to be examples of the present invention, non-limiting exemplary embodiments, and the scope of the present invention is only within the scope of the patent application. Be defined. The features illustrated or described in combination with an exemplary embodiment can be combined with features of other embodiments. Such modifications and changes will be included in the scope of the present invention.
現請參考第1圖，其為本發明碳權交易系統100之第一實施例的結構示意圖。一種碳權交易系統100，包括：至少一碳權供應端110，提供一碳權；以及至少一碳權需求端120，取得該至少一碳權供應端提供的該碳權；該至少一碳權供應端與該至少一碳權需求端形成彼此之間相互網路連結成具有複數個節點的一互聯網路140。
Please refer to Figure 1, which is a schematic structural diagram of the first embodiment of the carbon
在該碳權交易系統100中，「碳權」可被量化為虛擬的數位資產，例如虛擬電子貨幣或是點數等等。因此，抽象的「碳權」將可以經由被
量化的虛擬的數位資產而轉移。
In the carbon
該至少一碳權供應端110與該至少一碳權需求端120形成彼此之間以網路連線142(第1圖中以虛線表示)相互連結成具有節點(node)144的一互聯網路140。亦即，該至少一碳權供應端110與該些碳權需求端120在該互聯網路140中，皆具有各自的節點144。
The at least one carbon
該至少一碳權供應端110與該至少一碳權需求端120包含下列至少之一：一伺服器、一雲端資料中心、一電腦與一工作站。政府機構，例如環保署，或金融機構，例如銀行或保險公司，其資訊處理系統也可以連結至該碳權交易系統100，作為該至少一碳權供應端110與該些碳權需求端120之一方。在該碳權交易系統100，任何連接至該互聯網路140之節點144之該至少一碳權供應端110與該至少一碳權需求端120，都可以隨時監管碳權交易的記錄、市場價格波動、成交價格以及控制碳權額度移轉的操作。
The at least one carbon
該互聯網路140包含傳輸接入、網路交換、行動通訊、無線通訊、光通訊、衛星通訊、支撐管理、專網通訊等技術，較佳地，該互聯網路140可以是使用有線網路或無線網路，包含：第三代行動通訊(3G)、***行動通訊(4G)、第五代行動通訊(5G)、全球互通微波存取(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access，WiMAX)、網路協定電視(Internet Protocol Television，IPTV)、新世代網路(Next Generation Network，NGN)等。在本發明中，該互聯網路140並非意指獨立形成的一個網路系統，而係指該互聯網路140內的節點構成一個互相連結，互通訊息的網路。
The
其中，當該至少一碳權供應端提出一碳權供應量之一訊息傳送至該互聯網路的每一節點，且該至少一碳權需求端提出一碳權需求量之一訊息傳送至該互聯網路的每一節點時，在該互聯網路的某一節點基於一區 塊鏈模型形成一智慧合約，並發送到該互聯網路的每一節點。該碳權供應量之該訊息更包含碳權種類、期待之價格等，且該碳權需求量之該訊息更包含碳權種類、期待之價格等。 Wherein, when the at least one carbon rights supply end proposes a carbon rights supply amount and a message is sent to each node of the Internet road, and the at least one carbon rights demand end proposes a carbon rights demand amount and a message is sent to the Internet When each node of the road, a certain node in the Internet road is based on a zone The block chain model forms a smart contract and sends it to every node on the Internet. The information of the carbon rights supply further includes the type of carbon rights, the expected price, etc., and the information of the carbon rights demand further includes the type of carbon rights, the expected price, etc.
因此，對於需求端而言，可以看到供給端所拋售之各種不同的碳權供給量、價格、種類、以及數量等等的資訊。對於供給端而言，也可以看到需求端所設定之各種不同的碳權需求量、價格以及種類等等資訊。該區塊鏈模型係指使用程式或軟體執行的一種方式。因此，該碳權交易系統100將該至少一碳權供應端110與該至少一碳權需求端130，整合成為單一區塊鏈交易系統，因此，該碳權交易系統100無須與政府機構或金融機構連結，即可獨立交易運作，交易獲取碳權。
Therefore, for the demand side, we can see information about the supply, price, type, and quantity of various carbon rights sold on the supply side. For the supply side, you can also see the various carbon rights demand, prices, and types set by the demand side. The blockchain model refers to a way of using programs or software to execute. Therefore, the carbon
本發明之該至少一碳權供應端110具有再生能源發電源，例如：太陽能發電源、風力發電源、生質能發電源、海流發電源、水力發電源、燃料發電源、微渦輪發電源等，作為可以提供碳權的可再生能源電能來源。因此，該至少一碳權供應端110包含至少一再生能源發電源。該至少一碳權供應端110的再生能源發電源係選自下列之一：太陽能發電源、風力發電源、生質能發電源、海流發電源、水力發電源、燃料發電源、微渦輪發電源。
The at least one carbon
當然，該至少一碳權供應端110需要先上繳政府所規定的碳權繳交額度至主管機關後，若有多的碳權額度才能進行販賣，否則該碳權交易系統100會禁止未達成碳權額度上繳標準之該至少一碳權供應端110進行碳權交易。
Of course, the at least one
現請參考第2圖，其為本發明之該至少一碳權供應端110的示意圖。該至少一碳權供應端110包含：一需求儲存元件112以及一供應端中央處理元件114。該需求儲存元件112，接收並儲存來自該互聯網路的該
碳權需求量之該訊息；該供應端中央處理元件114，在提出該碳權供應量之該訊息至該互聯網路或接收到來自該互聯網路的該碳權需求訊息時，會建立基於區塊鏈模型的一新區塊，以進行一工作量證明，並將該工作量證明傳送到該互聯網路內之每一節點。
Please refer to Figure 2, which is a schematic diagram of the at least one carbon
該供應端中央處理元件114並非意指單一個中央處理器，而可以是由多個中央處理晶片組成的一個中央處理單元，以應付需要大量運算的需求。在一實施例中，該供應端中央處理元件114更電性連接一伺服器(server)250，當該供應端中央處理元件114因太大工作量無法處理區塊鏈模型之動作，該伺服器(server)150可以協助該供應端中央處理元件114以作為更高速運算的處理元件。
The supply-side
該至少一碳權需求端120可為溫室氣體減量額度帳戶。現請參考第3圖，其為本發明之該至少一碳權需求端120的示意圖。該至少一碳權需求端120包含：一供應儲存元件122以及一需求端中央處理元件124。該供應儲存元件122，儲存來自該互聯網路的該碳權供應訊息；該需求端中央處理元件124，在提出該碳權需求量之該訊息傳送至該互聯網路或接收到來自該互聯網路的該碳權供應訊息時，會建立基於區塊鏈模型的一新區塊，以進行一工作量證明，並將該工作量證明傳送到該互聯網路內之每一節點。
The at least one carbon
在該至少一碳權供應端110與該至少一碳權需求端120所形成的每一節點144所建立的基於區塊鏈模型的該新區塊中，一碳權交易額度被提出，其係指由比較供給端所拋售之各種不同的碳權供給量、價格、種類、以及數量等資訊，與需求端所設定之各種不同的碳權需求量、價格以及種類等資訊，在區塊鏈模型中最後形成的。且該新區塊，包含前一次具有時序之智慧合約、標頭(先前區塊的參考位置)、只使用一次的隨機數
(nonce)，得到一雜湊函數。每一節點接收該新區塊後進行確認，進行工作量證明演算法。
In the new block based on the blockchain model established by each
該需求端中央處理元件124並非意指單一個中央處理器，而可以是由多個中央處理晶片組成的一個中央處理單元，以應付需要大量運算的需求。在一實施例中，該需求端中央處理元件124更電性連接一伺服器(server)250，當該需求端中央處理元件124因太大工作量無法處理區塊鏈模型之動作，該伺服器(server)150可以協助該需求端中央處理元件124以作為更高速運算的處理元件。
The demand-side
該區塊鏈模型包含：一加密過程以及一挖礦過程。在該加密過程中，使用該碳權交易額度，與一雜湊亂數來形成一雜湊函數；在該挖礦過程，該互聯網路內之某一節點在解出該雜湊函數後，形成該智慧合約，並於該智慧合約上加上一時間標示以形成一具有時序之智慧合約。 The blockchain model includes: an encryption process and a mining process. In the encryption process, use the carbon rights trading quota and a hash random number to form a hash function; in the mining process, a certain node in the Internet path solves the hash function to form the smart contract , And add a time mark to the smart contract to form a time-series smart contract.
該互聯網路內之某一節點在第一個解出該雜湊函數後，形成新的具有時序之智慧合約，並連結到該互聯網路140上每一節點的原有的區塊鍊，並且把新的具有時序之智慧合約傳送到該互聯網路140上每一節點。
After a certain node in the Internet road first solves the hash function, it forms a new smart contract with time series, and connects to the original blockchain of each node on the
需注意的是，典型的區塊鏈模型係由該互聯網路140上每一節點週期性地在一段時間在該互聯網路140廣播應該登記進具有時序之智慧合約的新區塊。最新一次經驗證過的具有時序之智慧合約放置在上一筆經驗證的具有時序之智慧合約之後。
It should be noted that a typical blockchain model is that each node on the
區塊鏈模組係利用網路建立的共享加密總帳技術，在該互聯網路140中的該至少一碳權供應端110與該些碳權需求端130上的各節點都能取得該供應端中央處理元件114或該需求端中央處理元件124基於區塊鏈模型形成該具有時序之智慧合約，沒有所謂的單一授權機制，因此能即時地直接連結供應端與需求端，讓該碳權交易系統100運作變得更加透明。
The blockchain module is a shared encrypted ledger technology established by the network, and each node on the at least one carbon
該智慧合約的紀錄係至少包含了：產生該智慧合約的時間、碳權交易額度與碳權的價格，更可以包含：產生該智慧合約的碳權交易的記錄、市場價格波動、成交價格與碳權移轉操作等。 The record of the smart contract includes at least: the time when the smart contract was generated, the amount of carbon rights trading, and the price of carbon rights. It can also include: the record of carbon rights transactions that generated the smart contract, market price fluctuations, transaction prices, and carbon rights. Rights transfer operations, etc.
在該碳權交易系統100中，由於該碳權交易系統100之各節點144可儲存需求端及供給端的交易記錄資訊，因此，該碳權交易系統100可依據交易記錄資訊，產生碳價預警資訊及建立碳市場預測模型。該碳權交易系統100可依據在國際間之許多需求端以及許多供給端的交易記錄資訊，分析出碳權價格的市場波動和狀態，以產生碳價預警資訊，以及根據統計的結果產生碳權市場預測模型。
In the carbon
該碳權供應量主要受到再生能源發電源所產生的電力有關。由於再生能源發電源係選自下列之一：太陽能發電源、風力發電源、生質能發電源、海流發電源、水力發電源、燃料發電源、微渦輪發電源，受到環境與氣候的影響，所以不同時刻能提供的碳權供應量是不固定的。因此，在一空間中，再生能源發電源所產生的電力越多，該至少一碳權供應端110能取得的再生能源發電源所產生的電力越多，可以來自自己生產或有他方購入，則可以提供越多的碳權。
The supply of carbon rights is mainly related to the electricity generated by renewable energy sources. Since the renewable energy power generation system is selected from one of the following: solar power generation, wind power generation, biomass power generation, ocean current power generation, hydropower generation, fuel power generation, micro-turbine power generation, and it is affected by the environment and climate. Therefore, the supply of carbon rights that can be provided at different times is not fixed. Therefore, in a space, the more electricity generated by renewable energy sources, the more electricity generated by the at least one carbon
當該碳權供應量大於該碳權需求量時，該碳權的價格與之一變化量呈現一負值，該變化量是本次碳權的價格與上一次該碳權的價格的差值，且當負值的絕對值越大時，該變化量越大；當該碳權供應量小於該碳權需求量時，該碳權的價格之一變化量呈現一正值，該變化量是本次碳權的價格與上一次該碳權的價格的差值，且當正值越大時，該變化量越大。 When the supply of carbon rights is greater than the demand for carbon rights, the price of the carbon rights and a change amount show a negative value, and the change amount is the difference between the price of the carbon rights this time and the price of the carbon rights last time , And when the absolute value of the negative value is greater, the amount of change is greater; when the supply of carbon rights is less than the demand for carbon rights, one of the changes in the price of the carbon rights presents a positive value, and the amount of change is The difference between the price of the carbon rights this time and the price of the carbon rights last time, and the greater the positive value, the greater the amount of change.
區塊鏈模組，能讓該至少一碳權供應端110與該些碳權需求端130直接進行點對點(P2P)交易，因此該至少一碳權供應端110立即收到該至少一碳權需求端120的費用。藉此，該碳權交易系統100供需平衡無需
經過政府機構或金融機構，更可省下中間過程的處理時間與費用。
The block chain module allows the at least one carbon
該碳權交易系統100對於該至少一碳權供應端110立即收到該至少一碳權需求端120的碳交易的用途可以做限制。例如，可規定需求端及供給端於預定年限後，不能將某些特定來源的碳權額度作為相關法規溫室氣體減量承諾之抵換，但若已指定用途不在此限。例如，需求端及供給端因為先期專案而被核發之碳權額度，除非已指定用途，否則於三年後不得再用做相關法規溫室氣體減量承諾抵換，例如環境評估抵換，作為繳交額度。這原因在於，目前的主管機關希望需求端及供給端的企業能夠落實節能減碳，因此規定不能每一年都利用先期專案而取得的碳權額度來充當環評抵換之用途，否則企業於環評時承諾的減量則失去應有的效益。
The carbon
該限制可以記錄於區塊鏈模組、該至少一碳權供應端110之該供應端中央處理元件114或該至少一碳權需求端120之該需求端中央處理元件124中，以於每一次交易過程中，自動實施該限制。
The restriction can be recorded in the blockchain module, the supply-side
現請參考第4圖，其為碳權交易方法的實施例流程圖，其主要使用本發明之碳權交易系統。請配合第1圖，第4圖的方法用於一碳權交易系統，包含至少一種碳權交易系統100，包括：至少一碳權供應端110，提供一碳權；以及至少一碳權需求端120，取得該至少一碳權供應端提供的該碳權；該至少一碳權供應端與該至少一碳權需求端形成彼此之間相互網路連結成具有複數個節點的一互聯網路130。
Please refer to Figure 4, which is a flowchart of an embodiment of the carbon rights trading method, which mainly uses the carbon rights trading system of the present invention. Please cooperate with Figure 1. The method in Figure 4 is used in a carbon rights trading system, including at least one carbon
該碳權交易方法，主要包括下列步驟：步驟1：將該至少一碳權供應端與該至少一碳權需求端形成彼此之間相互網路連結成具有複數個節點的一互聯網路；步驟2：當該至少一碳權供應端提出一碳權供應量之一訊息傳送至該互聯網路的每一節點，且該至少一碳權需求端提出一碳權需求量之一訊息傳 送至該互聯網路的每一節點時，在該互聯網路的某一節點基於一區塊鏈模型形成一智慧合約；步驟3：該智慧合約發送到該互聯網路的每一節點。 The carbon rights trading method mainly includes the following steps: Step 1: The at least one carbon rights supply end and the at least one carbon rights demand end are connected to each other to form an Internet path with a plurality of nodes; step 2 : When the at least one carbon rights supply end proposes a carbon rights supply and a message is sent to each node of the Internet road, and the at least one carbon rights demand end proposes a carbon rights demand and a message transmission When sent to each node of the Internet road, a certain node on the Internet road forms a smart contract based on a blockchain model; Step 3: The smart contract is sent to each node of the Internet road.
現請參考第5圖，其為本發明之碳權交易方法之步驟二之詳細實施例流程圖。其中步驟2更包含：步驟2-1：一加密過程，使用一碳權交易額度，與一雜湊亂數來形成一雜湊函數；以及步驟2-2：一挖礦過程，該互聯網路內之某一節點在解出該雜湊函數後，形成該智慧合約，並於該智慧合約上加上一時間標示以形成一具有時序之智慧合約。 Please refer to Fig. 5, which is a flowchart of a detailed embodiment of step 2 of the carbon rights trading method of the present invention. Step 2 further includes: Step 2-1: an encryption process, using a carbon rights trading quota, and a hash random number to form a hash function; and step 2-2: a mining process, a certain part of the Internet After solving the hash function, a node forms the smart contract, and adds a time mark to the smart contract to form a timing smart contract.
該智慧合約的紀錄係至少包含了：產生該智慧合約的時間、碳權交易額度與碳權的價格，更可以包含：產生該智慧合約的碳權交易的記錄、市場價格波動、成交價格與碳權移轉操作等。 The record of the smart contract includes at least: the time when the smart contract was generated, the amount of carbon rights trading, and the price of carbon rights. It can also include: the record of carbon rights transactions that generated the smart contract, market price fluctuations, transaction prices, and carbon rights. Rights transfer operations, etc.
當該碳權供應量大於該碳權需求量時，該碳權的價格與之一變化量呈現一負值；當該碳權供應量小於該碳權需求量時，該碳權的價格之一變化量呈現一正值。 When the supply of carbon rights is greater than the demand for carbon rights, the price of the carbon rights and the amount of change present a negative value; when the supply of carbon rights is less than the demand for carbon rights, one of the prices of the carbon rights The amount of change presents a positive value.
綜上所述，本發明之碳權交易系統與方法具有以下功效： In summary, the carbon rights trading system and method of the present invention have the following effects:
第一，公開透明：由於碳交易的系統之區塊鏈的數據可對所有供給與需求端開放，任何供給與需求端都可以通過公開的介面查詢區塊鏈數據和開發相關應用，因此整個系統訊息高度透明。直接連結供應端與需求端，讓碳權交易系統運作變得更加透明。 First, openness and transparency: Since the blockchain data of the carbon trading system can be opened to all supply and demand sides, any supply and demand side can query blockchain data and develop related applications through an open interface, so the entire system The message is highly transparent. Directly link the supply side and the demand side, making the operation of the carbon trading system more transparent.
第二，記錄準確：在區塊鏈中，只要外人無法完全掌握半數以上的節點，就無法肆意操控或修改網路數據的特性，因此可以防止跨國交 易的犯罪、境內犯罪，並具有維護資訊及交易安全的功能。 Second, the record is accurate: In the blockchain, as long as outsiders cannot fully control more than half of the nodes, they cannot arbitrarily manipulate or modify the characteristics of network data, so cross-border exchanges can be prevented. Easy crime, domestic crime, and has the function of maintaining information and transaction security.
第三、即時訊息：由於交易系統可以依據交易記錄資訊，產生碳價預警資訊及建立碳市場預測模型，並進一步將碳價預警資訊及碳市場預測模型的資訊回報至供應端與需求端。供應端與需求端可以即時得知變動且合理的碳權價格。 Third, real-time information: Because the trading system can generate carbon price warning information and establish carbon market prediction models based on transaction record information, and further report the carbon price warning information and carbon market prediction model information to the supply side and the demand side. The supply side and the demand side can know the changing and reasonable price of carbon rights in real time.
第四，接軌國際：該系統可利用網路之區塊鏈的特性，各國的交易員都可利用交易系統存取交易資料，可以促進世界整體的排碳量降低。網路中的供應端與需求端都能取得總帳資料，且沒有所謂的單一授權機制。 Fourth, to be international: The system can take advantage of the blockchain's characteristics of the network, and traders from all countries can use the trading system to access transaction data, which can promote the reduction of the world's overall carbon emissions. Both the supply side and the demand side in the network can obtain general ledger data, and there is no so-called single authorization mechanism.
雖然本發明已以前述較佳實施例揭示，然其並非用以限定本發明，任何熟習此技藝者，在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內，當可作各種之更動與修改。如上述的解釋，都可以作各型式的修正與變化，而不會破壞此發明的精神。因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 Although the present invention has been disclosed in the foregoing preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. As explained above, various modifications and changes can be made without destroying the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to those defined by the attached patent application scope.
100:碳權交易系統 100: Carbon Trading System
110:碳權供應端 110: Carbon rights supply side
112:需求儲存元件 112: demand storage components
114:供應端中央處理元件 114: Supply-side central processing components
120:碳權需求端 120: Carbon rights demand side
122:供應儲存元件 122: Supply storage components
124:需求端中央處理元件 124: Demand-side central processing component
140:互聯網路 140: Internet Road
142:網路連線 142: network connection
144:節點 144: Node
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