TWI729793B - Method of combining multiple 3d digital building models - Google Patents
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本發明係有關於一種組合複數3維建築物模型的方法。The present invention relates to a method of combining complex three-dimensional building models.
建築物的外觀,往往會運用到先前設計的建築,例如中式建築的屋頂、閣樓、涼亭等等,當在設計這類建築時,往往是在建築主體上重複某些建築上的相同特徵,但目前的設計方法,並無提供組合複數3維建築物模型的功能,因此,設計者還是得從頭開始繪製,使設計、繪製3維建築物模型的作業十分冗長,也增加製作成本。The appearance of a building is often applied to previously designed buildings, such as the roofs, attics, pavilions, etc. of Chinese-style buildings. When designing such buildings, certain architectural features are often repeated on the main body of the building, but The current design method does not provide the function of combining multiple 3D building models. Therefore, the designer still has to draw from scratch, which makes the design and drawing of the 3D building model very tedious and also increases the production cost.
在我國2009年由蔡青揚著「3D建築原型拼貼」論文中,提出了利用3D拼貼的概念,再透過簡易操作的介面合併複數建築元件以組合成所需的建築外觀。惟,上述論文所建立由建築所分離之各部元件,是以預設相同的角度或規化進行分離,即拼貼面是呈現一定的角度,因此各元件只能依原先制式的角度重新進行拼貼,無法依設計者的需求在任意面上進行結合,若以不同角度,位置進行組合時,便會產生衝突,無法將兩個3維建築物模型衝突的部分刪除或隱藏,因此並無法滿足實際設計需求,而顯有改進的必要。In my country's 2009 paper "3D Architectural Prototype Collage" by Cai Qingyang, he proposed the concept of using 3D collage, and then combined multiple building elements through a simple interface to form the desired architectural appearance. However, the various components separated by the building established in the above paper are separated at the same angle or regularization by default, that is, the collage surface presents a certain angle, so each component can only be reassembled according to the original standard angle. Stickers cannot be combined on any surface according to the needs of the designer. If combined at different angles and positions, conflicts will occur. The conflicting parts of the two 3D building models cannot be deleted or hidden, so it cannot be satisfied. Actual design requirements, but there is a need for improvement.
本案發明人有鑑於此,乃加予研究,終揭示本發明所示組合複數3維建築物模型的方法。In view of this, the inventor of the present case made additional research and finally revealed the method of combining plural 3-dimensional building models according to the present invention.
本發明之目的旨在提供一種組合複數3維建築物模型的方法,係包括: (a)建立或擷取至少兩個3維建築物模型至一資料庫或目錄中,並定義每一3維建築物模型與各部件的名稱; (b)開啟一作業區,輸入指定要組合的3維建築物模型名稱,並載入該資料庫或目錄中對應的3維建築物模型,再透過3維建築物各部件名稱讀取各部件相關資訊; (c)調整所載入的3維建築物模型的組合位置與形式; (d)建立兩個3維建築物模型組合時之切面; (e)以該切面對所選取的3維建築物模型進行切割; (f)對切割後的3維建築物模型,將不需要的部分刪除或隱藏;以及 (g)完成所組合的3維建築物模型。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for combining plural 3-dimensional building models, which includes: (a) Create or retrieve at least two 3D building models into a database or catalog, and define the names of each 3D building model and each component; (b) Open a work area, enter the name of the 3D building model specified to be combined, and load the corresponding 3D building model in the database or catalog, and then read each part through the name of each part of the 3D building relevant information; (c) Adjust the combined position and form of the loaded 3D building model; (d) The cross-section of the combination of two 3-dimensional building models; (e) Cut the selected 3-dimensional building model with the cut surface; (f) For the cut 3D building model, delete or hide unnecessary parts; and (g) Complete the combined 3D building model.
本發明所揭示組合複數3維建築物模型的方法,其中該切面是指通過欲組合的兩3維建築物模型中心點間的中垂線且垂直該中垂線的法線所構成的面。The method for combining complex 3D building models disclosed in the present invention, wherein the tangent plane refers to a plane formed by a perpendicular line between the center points of two 3D building models to be combined and a normal line perpendicular to the median line.
本發明所揭示組合複數3維建築物模型的方法,各該3維建築物模型是由多數3維部件組合而成,該方法進一步建立構成該3維建築物模型之各該3維部件間的關聯性。The method for combining plural 3-dimensional building models disclosed in the present invention, each of the 3-dimensional building models is composed of a plurality of 3-dimensional components, and the method further establishes the relationship between each of the 3-dimensional components constituting the 3-dimensional building model Relevance.
本發明所揭示組合複數3維建築物模型的方法,各該3維部件間的關聯性,是指所指定至少兩個3維部件間的相對座標間的關聯性;或各該3維部件與所設定的基準邊或基準面或基準點間的關聯性;或者該3維部件符合一函數的關聯性。In the method for combining plural 3-dimensional building models disclosed in the present invention, the correlation between each of the 3-dimensional components refers to the correlation between the relative coordinates of at least two designated 3-dimensional components; or each of the 3-dimensional components and The set reference edge or reference plane or the correlation between the reference points; or the three-dimensional component conforms to the correlation of a function.
本發明所揭示組合複數3維建築物模型的方法,令在新組合的3維建築物模型後,同時刪除或隱藏不符合該關聯性的3維部件。The method of combining plural 3-dimensional building models disclosed in the present invention enables the newly combined 3-dimensional building model to delete or hide the 3-dimensional components that do not meet the relevance at the same time.
本發明所揭示組合複數3維建築物模型的方法,令所載入的其中一3維建築物模型界定為主建築物模型,並將其餘3維建築模型界定為子建築物模型,令該主建築物模型與一子建築物模型組合後重新定義為主建築物模型,以與另一子建築物模型組合。The method of combining plural 3-dimensional building models disclosed in the present invention allows one of the loaded 3-dimensional building models to be defined as the main building model, and the remaining 3-dimensional building models are defined as sub-building models, so that the master After the building model is combined with a sub-building model, it is redefined as the main building model to be combined with another sub-building model.
本發明所揭示組合複數3維建築物模型的方法,其中用以切割3維建築物模型的切面,是可呈一平面或曲面,上述之曲面可為自由曲線所構成的曲面或由多段平面所構成的多折曲面,並令該切面是吻合該主建築物模型用以組合該子建築物模型結合面之表面。The method for assembling complex 3D building models disclosed in the present invention, wherein the cut surface used to cut the 3D building model can be a plane or a curved surface. The above-mentioned curved surface can be a curved surface formed by a free curve or a multi-segmented plane. The multi-fold curved surface is formed, and the cut surface is consistent with the surface of the main building model for combining the joint surface of the sub-building model.
本發明所揭示組合複數3維建築物模型的方法,進一步包括判斷該子建築物模型接合該主建築物模型的方向,以確定該主建築物模型用以承接該子建築物模型的面,並以該面界定為切面,以切割該子建築物模型。The method for combining plural 3-dimensional building models disclosed in the present invention further includes judging the direction in which the sub-building model joins the main building model, so as to determine the surface of the main building model for receiving the sub-building model, and The surface is defined as the cut surface to cut the sub-building model.
本發明所揭示組合複數3維建築物模型的方法,在主建築物模型的俯視方向標定的兩對角線,使該兩對角線將該主建築物模型區分為4個區塊,並令各區塊的表面曲面分別是形成切面,以切割組合在該區塊上的子建築物模型,使重新組合於主建築物模型的子建築物模型可以吻合該主建築物模型的表面。In the method of combining plural 3-dimensional building models disclosed in the present invention, two diagonal lines are calibrated in the overhead direction of the main building model, so that the two diagonal lines divide the main building model into 4 blocks, and make The surface curved surfaces of each block form a tangent plane to cut the sub-building model combined on the block, so that the sub-building model recombined with the main building model can match the surface of the main building model.
本發明所揭示組合複數3維建築物模型的方法,其中用以切割3維建築物模型的切面,是指吻合沿主建築物模型之最高點至最低點之主建築物模型任一側表面的曲面。The method for assembling plural 3-dimensional building models disclosed in the present invention, wherein the cutting planes used to cut the 3-dimensional building model refer to those that fit any side surface of the main building model along the highest point to the lowest point of the main building model Surface.
本發明所揭示組合複數3維建築物模型的方法,可由以下說明及所附圖式,而得以明晰。The method of combining plural 3-dimensional building models disclosed in the present invention can be clarified by the following description and the accompanying drawings.
請參閱圖1所示,本發明係有關於一種組合複數3維建築物模型的方法,係包括: (a) 建立或擷取至少兩個3維建築物模型至一資料庫或目錄中,並定義每一3維建築物模型與各部件的名稱; (b) 開啟一作業區,輸入指定要組合的3維建築物模型名稱,並載入該資料庫或目錄中對應的3維建築物模型,再透過3維建築物各部件名稱讀取各部件相關資訊; (c) 調整所載入的3維建築物模型的組合位置與形式; (d) 建立兩3維建築物模型組合時之切面; (e) 以該切面對所選取的3維建築物模型進行切割; (f) 對切割後的3維建築物模型,將不需要的部分刪除或隱藏;以及 (g) 完成所組合的3維建築物模型。 Please refer to Fig. 1. The present invention relates to a method for combining complex 3-dimensional building models, which includes: (a) Create or retrieve at least two 3D building models into a database or catalog, and define the names of each 3D building model and each component; (b) Open a work area, enter the name of the 3D building model specified to be combined, and load the corresponding 3D building model in the database or catalog, and then read each part through the name of each part of the 3D building relevant information; (c) Adjust the combined position and form of the loaded 3D building model; (d) The cross-section when establishing the combination of two and three-dimensional building models; (e) Cut the selected 3D building model with the cut surface; (f) Delete or hide the unnecessary parts of the cut 3D building model; and (g) Complete the combined 3D building model.
本發明所揭示組合複數3維建築物模型的方法,其中該切面是指通過欲組合的兩3維建築物模型中心點間的中垂線且垂直該中垂線的法線所構成的面。例如圖2所示,令3維建築物模型(11)的中心點(111)、另一3維建築物模型(12)的中心點(121),當將兩3維建築物模型(11、12)移至預定組合位置後,可如圖3所示,取兩中心點(111、121)的中垂線(L)及通過該中垂線(L)的法線所構成的垂直面為其切面(20),並以該切面(20)對該兩3維建築物模型(11、12)進行切割,本發明進行在切割後,可如圖4所示,將不需要的部分(即圖3虛線所示)予以刪除或隱藏,以重新組合成一新的3維建築物模型(13)。The method for combining complex 3D building models disclosed in the present invention, wherein the tangent plane refers to a plane formed by the perpendicular line between the center points of the two 3D building models to be combined and the normal line perpendicular to the median line. For example, as shown in Figure 2, let the center point (111) of a 3-dimensional building model (11) and the center point (121) of another 3-dimensional building model (12), when the two 3-dimensional building models (11, 12) After moving to the predetermined combination position, as shown in Figure 3, take the vertical plane formed by the perpendicular line (L) of the two center points (111, 121) and the normal line through the perpendicular line (L) as the tangent plane (20), and use the cut plane (20) to cut the two 3-dimensional building models (11, 12). After the cutting is performed in the present invention, as shown in Figure 4, the unnecessary parts (ie, Figure 3) (Shown by the dashed line) are deleted or hidden to reassemble into a new 3-dimensional building model (13).
本發明所揭示組合複數3維建築物模型的方法,其中各該3維建築物模型是由多數3維部件組合而成;本發明所揭示之方法,進一步建立構成該3維建築物模型之各該3維部件間的關聯性;上述各該3維部件間的關聯性,是指所指定至少兩個3維部件間的相對座標間的關聯性(例如兩個3維部件間的距離);或者該關聯性是指各該3維部件與所設定的基準邊或基準面或基準點間的關聯性;或者令3維部件符合一函數關聯性,本發明並不予自限。例如在圖3中,其中構成該3維建築物模型(11、12)的3維部件,其中柱(31)與基座(32)的關聯性,是指各柱(31)的中心是位於兩相鄰邊偏移(d)一距離後的交點,因此當本發明完成切割後,便可如圖5所示依其關聯性在組合後新的3維建築物模型(13)***柱(31a)的元件,同時刪除不符合該關聯性的柱(31b,如圖4所示)中。The method disclosed in the present invention for assembling a plurality of three-dimensional building models, wherein each of the three-dimensional building models is composed of a plurality of three-dimensional components; the method disclosed in the present invention further establishes each of the three-dimensional building models The correlation between the three-dimensional components; the above-mentioned correlation between the three-dimensional components refers to the correlation between the relative coordinates of at least two designated three-dimensional components (for example, the distance between two three-dimensional components); Or the relevance refers to the relevance between each of the three-dimensional components and the set reference edge or reference surface or reference point; or the three-dimensional component conforms to a functional relevance, and the present invention is not self-limiting. For example, in Figure 3, which constitutes the 3D parts of the 3D building model (11, 12), the correlation between the column (31) and the base (32) means that the center of each column (31) is located The intersection point of two adjacent sides offset (d) by a distance. Therefore, when the present invention completes the cutting, the new 3-dimensional building model (13) can be inserted into the column ( 31a), and delete the column (31b, as shown in Figure 4) that does not meet the association.
如圖6所示,本發明所揭示組合複數3維建築物模型的方法,令所載入的其中一3維建築物模型界定為主建築物模型,並將其餘3維建築模型界定為子建築物模型,令該主建築物模型與一子建築物模型組合後重新定義為主建築物模型,以再與另一子建築物模型組合。As shown in FIG. 6, the method for combining plural 3-dimensional building models disclosed in the present invention makes one of the loaded 3-dimensional building models defined as the main building model, and the remaining 3-dimensional building models are defined as sub-buildings Object model, so that the main building model is combined with a sub-building model and then redefined as the main building model, so as to be combined with another sub-building model.
本發明所揭示組合複數3維建築物模型的方法,其中用以切割3維建築物模型的切面,是可呈一平面或曲面,上述之曲面可為自由曲線所構成的曲面或由多段平面所構成的多折曲面。並令該切面是吻合該主建築物模型用以組合該子建築物模型結合面之表面,使重新組合於主建築物模型的子建築物模型可以吻合該主建築物模型的表面。The method for assembling a complex 3-dimensional building model disclosed in the present invention, wherein the cut surface used to cut the 3-dimensional building model can be a plane or a curved surface, and the above-mentioned curved surface may be a curved surface formed by a free curve or a multi-section plane. The formed multi-fold surface. The cut surface is made to match the surface of the main building model for combining the joint surface of the sub-building model, so that the sub-building model recombined with the main building model can match the surface of the main building model.
本發明所揭示組合複數3維建築物模型的方法,進一步包括:判斷該子建築物模型接合該主建築物模型的方向,以確定該主建築物模型用以承接該子建築物模型的面,並以該面界定為切面,以切割該子建築物模型。The method for assembling plural 3-dimensional building models disclosed in the present invention further includes: judging the direction in which the sub-building model joins the main building model to determine the surface of the main building model for receiving the sub-building model; And define the surface as the cut surface to cut the sub-building model.
本發明所揭示組合複數3維建築物模型的方法,在實施時,可以在主建築物模型的俯視方向標定的兩對角線,使該兩對角線將該主建築物模型區分為4個區塊,並令各區塊的表面曲面分別是形成切面,以切割組合在該區塊上的子建築物模型,使重新組合於主建築物模型的子建築物模型可以吻合該主建築物模型的表面;本發明在實施上,當子建築物模型朝該主建築物模型趨近並當與其中之一對角線投影接觸時,本發明便可以判斷得知該子建築物模型將結合在該主建築物模型的那一區塊上,而選定用以切割該子建築物模型的切面;如圖7所示,該主建築物模型(11')的俯視方向所標定的兩對角線(L1、L2),將該主建築物模型(11’)區分為4個區塊(A、B、C、D),並令各區塊(A、B、C、D)的表面分別是形成切面,當一子建築物模型(12')朝該主建築物模型(11')其中一區塊(A)趨近並與其中之一對角線(L1)投影接觸時,本發明因該子建築物模型(12')位於在對角線(L1)右側,將與主建築物模型(11')之區塊(A)結合,因此本發明可自動判定在主建築物模型(11')之區塊(A)的表面曲面建立為其切面(20),用以對子建築物模型(12')進行切割,使該子建築物模型(12')可以吻合地接合該主建築物模型(11’)。The method for combining plural 3-dimensional building models disclosed in the present invention can be implemented by marking two diagonal lines in the top view direction of the main building model, so that the two diagonal lines can divide the main building model into four Block, and make the surface surfaces of each block form a tangent plane to cut the sub-building model combined on the block, so that the sub-building model recombined with the main building model can match the main building model In the implementation of the present invention, when the sub-building model approaches the main building model and when it comes into contact with one of the diagonal projections, the present invention can determine that the sub-building model will be combined in On the block of the main building model, select the section to cut the sub-building model; as shown in Figure 7, the two diagonal lines demarcated in the top view direction of the main building model (11') (L1, L2), divide the main building model (11') into 4 blocks (A, B, C, D), and set the surface of each block (A, B, C, D) to be A tangent plane is formed. When a sub-building model (12') approaches one of the blocks (A) of the main building model (11') and is in contact with one of the diagonal lines (L1), the present invention is The sub-building model (12') is located on the right side of the diagonal line (L1) and will be combined with the block (A) of the main building model (11'). Therefore, the present invention can automatically determine that it is in the main building model (11). The surface surface of the block (A) of') is established as its tangent plane (20), which is used to cut the sub-building model (12') so that the sub-building model (12') can be joined to the main building in a consistent manner Object model (11').
如圖8所示,本發明所揭示組合複數3維建築物模型的方法,其中用以切割3維建築物模型的切面(20),是指吻合沿主建築物模型(11')之最高點(a)至最低點(b)之主建築物模型(11')任一側表面的曲面,本發明並不予自限。As shown in FIG. 8, the method for combining plural 3-dimensional building models disclosed in the present invention, wherein the cut surface (20) used to cut the 3-dimensional building model refers to the highest point along the main building model (11') (a) The curved surface on either side of the main building model (11') from (a) to the lowest point (b), the present invention is not self-limiting.
本發明所揭示組合複數3維建築物模型的方法,由於是以吻合主建築物模型之表面的曲面形成切面,因此該子建築物模型可以任意的角度接合在該主建築物模型的任意位置,而無破面的產生或可大大降低破面的產生。The method of assembling plural 3-dimensional building models disclosed in the present invention is to form a tangent plane with a curved surface that matches the surface of the main building model, so the sub-building model can be joined to any position of the main building model at any angle, The occurrence of no broken surface may greatly reduce the occurrence of broken surface.
本發明所揭示組合複數3維建築物模型的方法,其中該切面是依所切割3維建築物模型中之曲面兩端相連所形成的假想面,計算該曲面中各點與該假想面最大距離,依該最大距離進行偏移,使該切面通過該曲面的最低點。例如圖9所示,假設3維建築物模型為一曲面(S),本發明即以該曲面(S)的兩端相連所形成的假想面(F),計算該曲面(S)中各點與該假想面(F)最大距離(d1),依該最大距離(d1)平移該假想面(F)為其切面(20),使該切面(20)通過該曲面(S)的最低點(P)。The method for combining complex 3D building models disclosed in the present invention, wherein the cut surface is an imaginary surface formed by connecting the two ends of the curved surface in the cut 3D building model, and the maximum distance between each point in the curved surface and the imaginary surface is calculated , Offset according to the maximum distance, so that the tangent plane passes through the lowest point of the curved surface. For example, as shown in Figure 9, assuming that the 3-dimensional building model is a curved surface (S), the present invention uses the imaginary surface (F) formed by connecting the two ends of the curved surface (S) to calculate the points in the curved surface (S) The maximum distance (d1) from the imaginary surface (F), and the imaginary surface (F) is translated according to the maximum distance (d1) as its tangent surface (20), so that the tangent surface (20) passes through the lowest point of the curved surface (S) ( P).
透過本發明所揭示組合複數3維建築物模型的方法,可以將多數3維建築物模型依不同角度、位置進行組合,並刪除或隱藏不需要的部分,以組成設計者所需要的3維建築物模型的外觀,可大大降低設計者繪製時間及成本,而顯本發明之新穎性及進步性。Through the method of combining multiple 3D building models disclosed in the present invention, most 3D building models can be combined according to different angles and positions, and unnecessary parts can be deleted or hidden to form the 3D buildings required by the designer. The appearance of the object model can greatly reduce the designer's drawing time and cost, and show the novelty and advancement of the present invention.
本發明所揭示之方法,可於不違本發明之精神、範疇下予以修飾應用,並不自限於上述之實施方式。The method disclosed in the present invention can be modified and applied without violating the spirit and scope of the present invention, and is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments.
(11)(12):3維建築物模型 (11’):子建築物模型 (12’):子建築物模型 (13):新的3維建築物模型 (111)(121):中心點 (20):切面 (31)(31a)(31b):柱 (32):基座 (A)(B)(C)(D):區塊 (d):距離 (d1):最大距離 (L):中垂線 (L1)(L2):對角線 (F):假想面 (S):曲面 (P):最低點(11)(12): 3D building model (11’): Sub-building model (12’): Sub-building model (13): New 3D building model (111)(121): Center point (20): section (31)(31a)(31b): Column (32): Pedestal (A)(B)(C)(D): block (d): distance (d1): Maximum distance (L): Mid-perpendicular (L1)(L2): diagonal (F): imaginary face (S): Surface (P): lowest point
圖1:係本發明之流程圖。 圖2:係本發明用以對兩個3維建築物模型進行組合前之示意圖。 圖3:係將圖2各該3維建築物模型移至預定組合的位置並建立切面之示意圖。 圖4:自圖3完成組合兩3維建築物模型之示意圖。 圖5:係圖4依設定的3維部件關聯性加入必要的3維部件示意圖。 圖6:係本發明進行組合3維建築模型之方法流程圖。 圖7:係本發明將主建築物模型劃分為多數區塊之示意圖。 圖8:係顯示圖7完成組合主、子建築物模型後之側視圖。 圖9;係顯示本發明切面在切割弧形曲面之建立方法示意圖。 Figure 1: The flow chart of the present invention. Figure 2: A schematic diagram of the present invention before combining two 3D building models. Figure 3: A schematic diagram of moving each of the three-dimensional building models in Figure 2 to a predetermined combination position and creating a cut plane. Figure 4: A schematic diagram of the combined two and three-dimensional building model from Figure 3. Figure 5: Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of adding necessary 3D parts according to the set 3D part relevance. Figure 6: is a flow chart of the method of the present invention for assembling 3D building models. Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the present invention dividing the main building model into multiple blocks. Figure 8: It shows the side view of Figure 7 after completing the combined main and sub-building models. Figure 9; is a schematic diagram showing the method of establishing the cutting surface of the present invention in cutting arc-shaped curved surfaces.
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