TWI726482B - Power converter with over temperature protection compensation - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本發明係有關一種具有過溫度保護補償的電源轉換器,尤指一種設置於轉換單元次級側的具有過溫度保護補償的電源轉換器。 The present invention relates to a power converter with over-temperature protection and compensation, in particular to a power converter with over-temperature protection and compensation arranged on the secondary side of a conversion unit.
在電源轉換器的技術領域中,電源轉換器內部控制器的過溫度保護(Over Temperature Protection;OTP)機制一直都是不可或缺的。但是,無論在電源轉換器的輸入電壓為低電壓或高電壓,或者輸出電流為輕載或滿載,電源轉換器必須要到達一固定溫度以上,才能夠觸發過溫度保護的阻值。因此,電源轉換器在輸入電壓變化或輸出電流變化的情況下,會造成實際觸發過溫度保護機制的觸發點不同,如此將使得控制器延誤啟動過溫度保護機制,進而提高了電源轉換器損壞的風險。 In the technical field of power converters, the over temperature protection (OTP) mechanism of the internal controller of the power converter has always been indispensable. However, no matter whether the input voltage of the power converter is low voltage or high voltage, or the output current is light load or full load, the power converter must reach a fixed temperature or higher to trigger the resistance value of the over temperature protection. Therefore, when the input voltage or output current of the power converter changes, the actual trigger point of the over-temperature protection mechanism will be different. This will cause the controller to delay the activation of the over-temperature protection mechanism, thereby increasing the damage of the power converter. risk.
具體而言,由於電源轉換器在輸入電壓為低電壓或高電壓時,或者輸出電流為輕載或滿載時的轉換效率不同,使得過溫度保護的觸發點實際上會因為輸入電壓的不同或輸出電流的不同而有所差異。通常,在電源轉換器輸入電壓為高電壓,轉換效率好,使得能量的轉換所造成的熱損失少。反之,在電源轉換器輸入電壓為低電壓時,轉換效率較差,使得能量的轉換所造成的熱 損失較多。因此,會造成電源轉換器在上述狀況的差異之下,實際觸發過溫度保護機制的觸發點不同。 Specifically, because the power converter has different conversion efficiency when the input voltage is low or high voltage, or when the output current is light load or full load, the trigger point of the over-temperature protection will actually be due to the difference in input voltage or output. The current varies. Generally, the input voltage of the power converter is high, and the conversion efficiency is good, so that the heat loss caused by the energy conversion is small. Conversely, when the input voltage of the power converter is low, the conversion efficiency is poor, making the heat caused by the conversion of energy More losses. Therefore, the power converter will actually trigger the over-temperature protection mechanism at different trigger points under the above-mentioned difference.
尤其在安規IEC62368以後的規範中,限制電源轉換器在不正常的情況發生時,控制器塑膠外殼的最高表面溫度不得超過攝氏87度。因此,在上述規範,且電源轉換器輸入電壓為高電壓,或者輸出電流為滿載或輕載時,很容易造成電源轉換器實際上已經過載了,但是過溫度保護機制卻並未啟動。而為了避免這樣的情況發生,可能必須將過溫度保護機制的觸發點設計在電源轉換器輸入電壓為低電壓或輸出電流為輕載的觸發點。但是若設計在此觸發點之下,而電源轉換器處於輸入電壓為高電壓或輸出電流為滿載時,卻是離實際上的過溫度保護機制的觸發點有一大段的誤差,使得過溫度保護機制失去意義。 Especially in the safety regulations after IEC62368, when the power converter is abnormal, the maximum surface temperature of the controller's plastic casing shall not exceed 87 degrees Celsius. Therefore, in the above-mentioned specifications, when the input voltage of the power converter is high, or the output current is full load or light load, it is easy to cause the power converter to actually be overloaded, but the over-temperature protection mechanism is not activated. In order to avoid such a situation, it may be necessary to design the trigger point of the over-temperature protection mechanism at the trigger point when the input voltage of the power converter is low or the output current is light load. However, if the design is below this trigger point, and the power converter is at a high input voltage or full output current, there is a large margin of error from the actual trigger point of the over-temperature protection mechanism, which makes the over-temperature protection The mechanism loses its meaning.
因此,如何設計出一種具有過溫度保護補償的電源轉換器,設置於轉換單元的次級側,且根據不同電壓值的輸入電壓或不同負載的輸出電流進行過溫度保護點位的補償,以動態地調整過溫度保護點,乃為本案發明人所欲行研究的重要課題。 Therefore, how to design a power converter with over-temperature protection compensation, which is set on the secondary side of the conversion unit, and compensates the over-temperature protection points according to the input voltage of different voltage values or the output current of different loads, so as to dynamically The local adjustment of the temperature protection point is an important subject that the inventor intends to study.
為了解決上述問題,本發明係提供一種具有過溫度保護補償的電源轉換器,以克服習知技術的問題。因此,本發明之具有過溫度保護補償的電源轉換器,包括:主轉換單元,包括初級側與次級側,初級側耦接功率開關,且接收輸入電壓,次級側耦接次級整流濾波電路。初級側控制單元,耦接功率開關,且控制功率開關的切換而使主轉換單元將輸入電壓轉換為輸出電壓。次級側控制單元,耦接初級側控制單元。次級偵測電路,耦接次級側。及過溫度 調整線路,耦接次級側控制單元。其中,次級側控制單元通過次級偵測電路得知次級電壓變化值,且次級側控制單元根據次級電壓變化值而對應地提供電流變化值至過溫度調整線路;過溫度調整線路根據電流變化值而提供溫控電壓,使次級側控制單元根據溫控電壓判斷是否啟動過溫度保護。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a power converter with over-temperature protection compensation to overcome the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the power converter with over-temperature protection compensation of the present invention includes: a main conversion unit including a primary side and a secondary side, the primary side is coupled to the power switch and receives the input voltage, and the secondary side is coupled to the secondary rectification filter Circuit. The primary side control unit is coupled to the power switch, and controls the switching of the power switch so that the main conversion unit converts the input voltage to the output voltage. The secondary side control unit is coupled to the primary side control unit. The secondary detection circuit is coupled to the secondary side. And over temperature The adjustment circuit is coupled to the secondary side control unit. Among them, the secondary side control unit learns the change value of the secondary voltage through the secondary detection circuit, and the secondary side control unit correspondingly provides the current change value to the over-temperature adjustment circuit according to the secondary voltage change value; the over-temperature adjustment circuit The temperature control voltage is provided according to the current change value, so that the secondary side control unit judges whether to activate the over-temperature protection according to the temperature control voltage.
於一實施例中,次級側控制單元通過初級側控制單元關閉主轉換單元,以啟動過溫度保護。 In one embodiment, the secondary-side control unit shuts down the main conversion unit through the primary-side control unit to activate the over-temperature protection.
於一實施例中,更包括:保護開關,耦接次級整流濾波電路。其中,次級側控制單元通過關斷保護開關,以啟動過溫度保護。 In one embodiment, it further includes: a protection switch coupled to the secondary rectification filter circuit. Among them, the secondary side control unit turns off the protection switch to start the over-temperature protection.
於一實施例中,過溫度調整線路包括溫控電阻,溫控電阻根據環境溫度而產生溫控阻值,且電流變化值流過溫控阻值而產生溫控電壓。 In one embodiment, the over-temperature adjustment circuit includes a temperature-controlled resistor, the temperature-controlled resistor generates a temperature-controlled resistance value according to the ambient temperature, and the current change value flows through the temperature-controlled resistance value to generate a temperature-controlled voltage.
於一實施例中,次級側控制單元包括比較單元,且當比較單元判斷溫控電壓低於參考電壓時,次級側控制單元啟動過溫度保護。 In one embodiment, the secondary side control unit includes a comparison unit, and when the comparison unit determines that the temperature control voltage is lower than the reference voltage, the secondary side control unit activates the over-temperature protection.
於一實施例中,輸入電壓較高時,次級側控制單元所提供的電流變化值較高,且輸入電壓較低時,次級側控制單元所提供的電流變化值較低。 In one embodiment, when the input voltage is higher, the current change value provided by the secondary side control unit is higher, and when the input voltage is lower, the current change value provided by the secondary side control unit is lower.
於一實施例中,更包括:輔助繞組,耦接次級偵測電路與主轉換單元。其中,輔助繞組通過主轉換單元而得到對應輸入電壓變化或次級整流濾波電路所提供的輸出電流變化的輔助電壓,且次級偵測電路根據輔助電壓而提供次級電壓變化值。 In one embodiment, it further includes an auxiliary winding, which is coupled to the secondary detection circuit and the main conversion unit. Wherein, the auxiliary winding obtains the auxiliary voltage corresponding to the input voltage change or the output current change provided by the secondary rectification filter circuit through the main conversion unit, and the secondary detection circuit provides the secondary voltage change value according to the auxiliary voltage.
於一實施例中,次級偵測電路包括:電阻,耦接輔助繞組。及分壓元件,耦接電阻。其中,分壓元件為分壓電阻或電容,且電阻與分壓元件之間的節點耦接次級側控制單元;電阻接收輔助電壓,且根據輔助電壓而通過節點提供次級電壓變化值。 In one embodiment, the secondary detection circuit includes a resistor coupled to the auxiliary winding. And the voltage dividing element, coupled to the resistor. The voltage dividing element is a voltage dividing resistor or a capacitor, and the node between the resistor and the voltage dividing element is coupled to the secondary side control unit; the resistor receives the auxiliary voltage, and provides a secondary voltage change value through the node according to the auxiliary voltage.
於一實施例中,次級輸入電壓偵測電路更包括:二極體,耦接電阻。其中,二極體限制輔助電壓的極性。 In one embodiment, the secondary input voltage detection circuit further includes a diode coupled to a resistor. Among them, the diode limits the polarity of the auxiliary voltage.
於一實施例中,次級偵測電路耦接次級整流濾波電路,且根據次級整流濾波電路所提供的輸出電流的變化而得知次級電壓變化值。 In one embodiment, the secondary detection circuit is coupled to the secondary rectification and filter circuit, and the secondary voltage change value is obtained according to the change of the output current provided by the secondary rectification and filter circuit.
於一實施例中,次級偵測電路包括:偵側電阻,耦接次級整流濾波電路與次級側控制單元。其中,輸出電流流經偵側電阻而產生次級電壓變化值。 In one embodiment, the secondary detection circuit includes a detection side resistor, which is coupled to the secondary rectification filter circuit and the secondary side control unit. Among them, the output current flows through the detection side resistance to produce the secondary voltage change value.
於一實施例中,次級側控制單元根據負載提供的交握訊號而提供次級電壓變化值。 In one embodiment, the secondary-side control unit provides the secondary voltage change value according to the handshaking signal provided by the load.
為了能更進一步瞭解本發明為達成預定目的所採取之技術、手段及功效,請參閱以下有關本發明之詳細說明與附圖,相信本發明之目的、特徵與特點,當可由此得一深入且具體之瞭解,然而所附圖式僅提供參考與說明用,並非用來對本發明加以限制者。 In order to have a better understanding of the technology, means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended purpose, please refer to the following detailed description and drawings of the present invention. I believe that the purpose, features and characteristics of the present invention can be obtained from this in depth and For specific understanding, however, the accompanying drawings are only provided for reference and illustration, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
100、100’:電源轉換器 100, 100’: Power converter
1:初級整流濾波電路 1: Primary rectifier filter circuit
2:主轉換單元 2: Main conversion unit
22:功率開關 22: Power switch
3:次級整流濾波電路 3: Secondary rectifier filter circuit
4:控制模組 4: Control module
42:初級側控制單元 42: Primary side control unit
44、44’:次級側控制單元 44, 44’: Secondary side control unit
442:比較單元 442: comparison unit
46、46’:次級偵測電路 46, 46’: Secondary detection circuit
462:電阻 462: Resistance
464:分壓元件 464: voltage divider element
D:二極體 D: Diode
Rs:偵側電阻 Rs: Detection side resistance
48、48’:過溫度調整線路 48, 48’: Over-temperature adjustment circuit
482:溫度補償線路 482: temperature compensation circuit
482A:偵測電路 482A: Detection circuit
482A-1:電阻 482A-1: Resistance
482A-2:分壓元件 482A-2: Voltage divider element
482B:壓控開關 482B: voltage control switch
482C:控制單元 482C: control unit
Q1:第一開關 Q1: The first switch
Q2:第二開關 Q2: The second switch
X:輸入端 X: input
Y:輸出端 Y: output
Z:控制端 Z: control end
482D:補償電阻 482D: Compensation resistor
Rc1:第一補償電阻 Rc1: The first compensation resistor
Rc2:第二補償電阻 Rc2: second compensation resistor
Rt:溫控電阻 Rt: temperature control resistance
5:輔助繞組 5: auxiliary winding
6:保護開關 6: Protection switch
200:負載 200: load
Vin:輸入電壓 Vin: input voltage
Vo:輸出電壓 Vo: output voltage
Vd:直流電壓 Vd: DC voltage
Vs:次級電壓 Vs: secondary voltage
Va:輔助電壓 Va: auxiliary voltage
Va:偵測電壓 Va: Detection voltage
Vc:次級電壓變化值 Vc: Secondary voltage change value
Vc1:電壓變化值 Vc1: Voltage change value
Vt:溫控電壓 Vt: temperature control voltage
Vr:參考電壓 Vr: Reference voltage
Vcc:工作電壓 Vcc: working voltage
Io:輸出電流 Io: output current
Ic:電流變化值 Ic: current change value
If:電流固定值 If: current fixed value
Ss:切換訊號 Ss: Switch signal
Sf:回授訊號 Sf: Feedback signal
St:過溫度訊號 St: Over temperature signal
Sc:控制訊號 Sc: control signal
Sg:交握訊號 Sg: Handshaking signal
Sp:保護訊號 Sp: protection signal
A、B:節點 A, B: Node
圖1為本發明具有過溫度保護補償的電源轉換器第一實施例之電路方塊圖;圖2A為本發明初級偵測電路偵測方式第一實施例之電路方塊圖;圖2B為本發明初級偵測電路偵測方式第二實施例之電路方塊圖;圖2C為本發明初級偵測電路偵測方式第三實施例之電路方塊圖;圖3A為本發明初級偵測電路第一實施例之電路圖;圖3B為本發明初級偵測電路第二實施例之電路圖; 圖4為本發明過溫度調整線路與初級側控制單元之過溫度比較電路圖;圖5A為本發明過溫度保護方式第一實施例之電路方塊圖;圖5B為本發明過溫度保護方式第二實施例之電路方塊圖;及圖6為本發明具有過溫度保護補償的電源轉換器第二實施例之電路方塊圖。 Fig. 1 is a circuit block diagram of the first embodiment of a power converter with over-temperature protection compensation according to the present invention; Fig. 2A is a circuit block diagram of the first embodiment of the primary detection circuit detection method of the present invention; Fig. 2B is a primary circuit diagram of the present invention The circuit block diagram of the second embodiment of the detection method of the detection circuit; FIG. 2C is the circuit block diagram of the third embodiment of the primary detection circuit detection method of the present invention; FIG. 3A is the circuit block diagram of the first embodiment of the primary detection circuit of the present invention Circuit diagram; Figure 3B is a circuit diagram of the second embodiment of the primary detection circuit of the present invention; 4 is a circuit diagram of the over-temperature comparison circuit of the over-temperature adjustment circuit and the primary side control unit of the present invention; FIG. 5A is the circuit block diagram of the first embodiment of the over-temperature protection method of the present invention; FIG. 5B is the second implementation of the over-temperature protection method of the present invention Example circuit block diagram; and FIG. 6 is a circuit block diagram of the second embodiment of the power converter with over-temperature protection compensation of the present invention.
茲有關本發明之技術內容及詳細說明,配合圖式說明如下:請參閱圖1為本發明具有過溫度保護補償的電源轉換器第一實施例之電路方塊圖。電源轉換器100接收輸入電壓Vin,且轉換輸入電壓Vin為輸出電壓Vo對負載200供電。其中,電源轉換器100為可接受寬輸入電壓Vin的電源轉換器100,其可接受的輸入電壓Vin範圍為90V~264V。電源轉換器100包括初級整流濾波電路1、主轉換單元2、次級整流濾波電路3及控制模組4。主轉換單元2的初級側耦接初級整流濾波電路1,且次級側耦接次級整流濾波電路3。控制模組4控制主轉換單元2將輸入電壓Vin由初級整流濾波電路1、主轉換單元2及次級整流濾波電路3的路徑轉換為輸出電壓Vo,且由次級整流濾波電路3提供輸出電壓Vo與輸出電流Io至負載200。初級整流濾波電路1將輸入電壓Vin整流濾波為直流電壓Vd,且主轉換單元2通過功率開關22的切換而將直流電壓Vd轉換為次級電壓Vs。次級整流濾波電路3將次級電壓Vs整流濾波為輸出電壓Vo,且將輸出電壓Vo與負載所需的輸出電流Io提供至負載200。
The technical content and detailed description of the present invention are described as follows in conjunction with the drawings: Please refer to FIG. 1 for a circuit block diagram of the first embodiment of the power converter with over-temperature protection compensation of the present invention. The
控制模組4包括初級側控制單元42、次級側控制單元44、次級偵測電路46及過溫度調整線路48,且初級側控制單元42耦接主轉換單元2的功率開
關22,以提供切換訊號Ss控制主轉換單元2將直流電壓Vd轉換為次級電壓Vs。次級側控制單元44耦接次級整流濾波電路3,且根據輸出電壓Vo而提供回授訊號Sf至初級側控制單元42,使初級側控制單元42根據回授訊號Sf而調整切換訊號Ss的佔空比,進而穩定輸出電壓Vo的電壓值。其中,次級側控制單元44與初級側控制單元42之間可加裝耦合單元(圖未示,例如但不限於光耦合器),以使初級側控制單元42與次級側控制單元44之間訊號的傳輸具有電氣隔離的效果。次級偵測電路46耦接次級側控制單元44,且次級側控制單元44通過次級偵測電路46獲得次級電壓變化值Vc。過溫度調整線路48耦接次級側控制單元44,且次級側控制單元44根據次級電壓變化值Vc而對應地提供電流變化值Ic至過溫度調整線路48。過溫度調整線路48根據電流變化值Ic而提供溫控電壓Vt至次級側控制單元44,使次級側控制單元44能夠根據溫控電壓Vt判斷是否啟動過溫度保護。
The
具體而言,次級側控制單元44所提供的電流變化值Ic的高低是隨著次級電壓變化值Vc高低的變動而變動,且電源轉換器100具有兩種可影響次級電壓變化值Vc的參數(以虛線表示)。其中之一為:次級電壓變化值Vc的高低是隨著輸入電壓Vin的變動而變動。當輸入電壓Vin較高時,次級偵測電路46所提供的次級電壓變化值Vc較高,使得次級側控制單元44所提供該電流變化值Ic較高。當輸入電壓Vin較低時,次級偵測電路46所提供的次級電壓變化值Vc較低,使得次級側控制單元44所提供的電流變化值Ic較低。另一種為:次級電壓變化值Vc的高低是隨著輸出電流Io的變動而變動(意即,隨著負載200為輕載、重載或過載而變化)。當輸出電流Io較高時,次級偵測電路46所提供的次級電壓變化值Vc較高,使得次級側控制單元44所提供該電流變化值Ic較高。當輸出電流Io較低時,次級偵測電路46所提供的次級電壓變化值Vc較低,使得次級側控制單元44所提供的電流變化值Ic較低。值得一提,於本發明之一實施例中,上
述輸入電壓Vin與輸出電流Io的舉例可以是相反的。意即,當輸入電壓Vin較高時,次級偵測電路46所提供的次級電壓變化值Vc較高,使得次級側控制單元44所提供該電流變化值Ic較低。以及,當輸出電流Io較高時,次級偵測電路46所提供的次級電壓變化值Vc較高,使得次級側控制單元44所提供電流變化值Ic較低。依此類推,在此不再加以贅述。
Specifically, the level of the current change value Ic provided by the secondary
過溫度調整線路48根據電流變化值Ic與過溫度調整線路48所在位置的環境溫度而提供溫控電壓Vt至次級側控制單元44。因此,次級側控制單元44啟動過溫度保護的過溫度保護點是隨著輸入電壓Vin的高低而變動,或者次級側控制單元44啟動過溫度保護的過溫度保護點是隨著輸出電流Io的高低而變動。所以,通過上述補償的方式,可避免電源轉換器100在不同輸入電壓Vin或不同輸出電流Io的條件下,因效率的差異而導致過溫度保護無法正常觸發,進而避免延誤過溫度保護的風險。
The
進一步而言,本發明之具有過溫度保護補償的電源轉換器100由於是根據輸入電壓Vin或輸出電流Io的高低而補償過溫度保護的過溫度保護點,因此,只要可得知輸入電壓Vin或輸出電流Io高低的偵測方式,皆可應用於本發明之中,其偵測方式將於後文有進一步地說明。
Furthermore, the
請參閱圖2A為本發明次級偵測電路偵測方式第一實施例之電路方塊圖、圖2B為本發明次級偵測電路偵測方式第二實施例之電路方塊圖及圖2C為本發明次級偵測電路偵測方式第三實施例之電路方塊圖,復配合參閱圖1。如圖2A所示,電源轉換器100更包括輔助繞組5。輔助繞組5耦接主轉換單元2的變壓器的次級側,且通過電磁耦合的方式獲得輔助電壓Va。次級偵測電路46耦接輔助繞組5,且根據輔助電壓Va而提供次級電壓變化值Vc。其中,當輸入電壓Vin高低發生變化時,輔助繞組5所獲得的輔助電壓Va的電壓值會隨著輸入電壓Vin的高低而改變。因此,輸入電壓Vin高低的變化可通過偵測輔助繞組5上的
輔助電壓Va而得知。而且,當輸出電流Io高低發生變化時,輔助繞組5所獲得的輔助電壓Va的電壓的佔空比(Duty Cycle)會隨著輸出電流Io的高低而改變。因此,輸出電流Io高低的變化可通過偵測輔助繞組5上的輔助電壓Va而得知。此種偵測方式可同時適用於偵測輸入電壓Vin的高低或輸出電流Io的高低,因此次級側控制單元44要根據何者做為來源,可根據實際電路狀況所決定。
Please refer to FIG. 2A for the circuit block diagram of the first embodiment of the secondary detection circuit detection method of the present invention, FIG. 2B for the circuit block diagram of the second embodiment of the secondary detection circuit detection method of the present invention, and FIG. 2C for the circuit block diagram The circuit block diagram of the third embodiment of the detection method of the invented secondary detection circuit, please refer to FIG. 1 for complex cooperation. As shown in FIG. 2A, the
如圖2B所示,次級偵測電路46耦接次級整流濾波電路3,且次級偵測電路46根據輸出電流Io而提供次級電壓變化值Vc。當輸出電流Io提供至負載200時,輸出電流Io流過次級偵測電路46。因此,輸出電流Io高低的變化可通過偵測流過次級偵測電路46上的輸出電流Io而得知。如圖2C所示,次級偵測電路46為次級側控制單元44內部的通訊單元,且次級側控制單元44通過通訊單元耦接負載200。次級側控制單元44通過通訊單元與負載200相互通訊,使得次級側控制單元44可根據負載200所提供的交握訊號Sg而得知次級電壓變化值Vc。具體而言,如圖2C所示的偵測方式,其負載200與次級側控制單元44必須為具有電力輸送(Power Delivery)功能的控制器。通過負載200與次級側控制單元44相互通訊,次級側控制單元44可通過負載200所提供的交握訊號Sg得知負載200的電壓、電流、溫度、功率等資訊,進而通過交握訊號Sg得知次級電壓變化值Vc。
As shown in FIG. 2B, the
由於次級偵測電路46至少包括上述圖2A~2C的偵測方式,因此除了圖2C的偵測方式是利用通訊線耦接負載200與次級側控制單元44之外,圖2A與圖2B內部的電路必須因應上述的偵測方式而有所不同。請參閱圖3A為本發明初級偵測電路第一實施例之電路圖、圖3B為本發明初級偵測電路第二實施例之電路圖。如圖3A所示,且配合參閱圖2A,次級偵測電路46包括電阻462與分壓元件464。電阻462耦接輔助繞組5(請參閱圖2A的耦接關係),且分壓元件464耦接電阻462。電阻462與分壓元件464之間的節點A耦接次級側控制單元44,且電
阻462接收的輔助電壓Va。其中,輔助電壓Va的電壓值響應輸入電壓Vin的變化,且輔助電壓Va的電壓的佔空比響應輸出電流Io的變化輔助電壓Va經過電阻462與分壓元件464分壓後,於節點A提供次級電壓變化值Vc至次級側控制單元44。其中,分壓元件464可以為分壓電阻或電容。當分壓元件464為分壓電阻時,元件成本較為便宜,且動態響應較佳。當分壓元件464為電容時,其具有能量儲存的功能,因此相較於分壓電阻更能穩定次級電壓變化值Vc的數值,但動態響應較差。
Since the
次級偵測電路46更可包括二極體D(以虛線表示),且二極體D耦接電阻462。二極體D用以限制輔助電壓Va的極性,以避免次級電壓變化值Vc產生錯誤極性的電壓。具體而言,由於輔助電壓Va可能會有負電壓(由於功率開關22切換導通之故)。當為負電壓時,所產生的次級電壓變化值Vc的數值為負值,其有可能會造成次級側控制單元44無法接受負電壓而損壞(若次級側控制單元44本身具有限制次級電壓變化值Vc極性的功能,則不在此限)。因此,必須要使用二極體D來限制輔助電壓Va的極性,以避免上述狀況發生。
The
如圖3B所示,且配合參閱圖2B,次級偵測電路46’包括偵側電阻Rs。偵側電阻Rs耦接次級整流濾波電路3至負載200的路徑上,且偵側電阻Rs的兩端分別與次級側控制單元44的兩個不同端點連接。當輸出電流Io流過偵側電阻Rs時,偵側電阻Rs兩端的壓降(即為次級電壓變化值Vc)也會隨之產生變化。因此,次級側控制單元44可通過偵側電阻Rs兩端的壓降得知輸出電流Io高低的變化。
As shown in FIG. 3B and in conjunction with FIG. 2B, the secondary detection circuit 46' includes a detection side resistor Rs. The detection side resistance Rs is coupled to the path from the secondary
請參閱圖4為本發明過溫度調整線路與初級側控制單元之過溫度比較電路圖,復配合參閱圖1~3B。過溫度調整線路48包括溫控電阻Rt(例如但不限於,負溫度係數電阻),且溫控電阻Rt根據所在位置的環境溫度而產生溫控阻值。當環境溫度越高時,溫控阻值越小,且當環境溫度越低時,溫控阻值越
大。當電流變化值Ic流過溫控電阻Rt時,會在溫控電阻Rt兩端產生壓降,其壓降為溫控電壓Vt。次級側控制單元44包括比較單元442,且比較單元442的其中一輸入端接收溫控電壓Vt,比較單元442的另一輸入端接收參考電壓Vr。比較單元442比較溫控電壓Vt與參考電壓Vr而判斷是否提供過溫度訊號St,以使次級側控制單元44根據是否收到過溫度訊號St而提供過溫度保護。
Please refer to FIG. 4 for the circuit diagram of the over-temperature comparison circuit between the over-temperature adjustment circuit and the primary side control unit of the present invention, and refer to FIGS. 1 to 3B for the combination. The
具體而言,由於電流變化值Ic是隨著輸入電壓Vin或輸出電流Io的高低而有所變動,且溫控阻值是隨著環境溫度而改變,使得溫控電壓Vt同時會隨著輸入電壓Vin與環境溫度而變動(或隨著輸出電流Io與環境溫度而變動)。然後,再利用固定電壓值的參考電壓Vr比較溫控電壓Vt即可使次級側控制單元44得知是否需啟動過溫度保護。其中,參考電壓Vr的數值即為過溫度保護的點位。
Specifically, since the current change value Ic changes with the input voltage Vin or the output current Io, and the temperature control resistance changes with the ambient temperature, the temperature control voltage Vt will also change with the input voltage Vin varies with ambient temperature (or varies with output current Io and ambient temperature). Then, the reference voltage Vr of a fixed voltage value is used to compare the temperature control voltage Vt to enable the secondary
請參閱圖1~4,且以輸入電壓Vin為例。當輸入電壓Vin較高(例如但不限於,264V)時,圖2A偵測方式所得到的次級電壓變化值Vc的電壓值較高,使得次級側控制單元44根據較高電壓值的次級電壓變化值Vc而產生較高電流值的電流變化值Ic。當輸入電壓Vin較低(例如但不限於,90V)時,圖2A偵測方式所得到的次級電壓變化值Vc的電壓值較低,使得次級側控制單元44根據較低電壓值的次級電壓變化值Vc而產生較低電流值的電流變化值Ic。
Please refer to Figures 1~4, and take the input voltage Vin as an example. When the input voltage Vin is relatively high (for example, but not limited to, 264V), the voltage value of the secondary voltage change value Vc obtained by the detection method of FIG. 2A is relatively high, so that the secondary
在環境溫度為定值的情況下(意即,溫控阻值為定值),輸入電壓Vin為264V時,次級側控制單元44所獲得的溫控電壓Vt較輸入電壓Vin為90V時還來的高,使得輸入電壓Vin為264V時的溫控電壓Vt的電壓值離過溫度保護點位(意即,參考電壓Vr)較輸入電壓Vin為90V時還要來的遠。因此,若在環境溫度變動的情況下,輸入電壓Vin為264V時需要較高的環境溫度(相對於輸入電壓Vin為90V)才能觸發過溫度保護。值得一提,在輸入電壓為90V時,恰與上述輸入電壓為264V時相反,在此不再加以贅述。此外,次級側控制單元44所提供的電
流變化值Ic可為根據輸入電壓Vin線性變化而線性變化的數值(意即,電流變化值Ic的曲線正比於輸入電壓Vin線性變化的曲線),但也可為根據輸入電壓Vin線性變化而分段改變的數值(例如但不限於,改變的點位為90V、170V、264V),其可根據次級側控制單元44所設定的解析度而調整。上述相同的例子應用在圖3B的實施例時,電流變化值Ic的變化正比於輸出電流Io的高低,其相似於上述輸入電壓Vin高低的差異,在此不再加以贅述。
When the ambient temperature is a fixed value (that is, the temperature control resistance value is a fixed value), when the input voltage Vin is 264V, the temperature control voltage Vt obtained by the secondary
以圖4的電路搭配圖2A與圖3A的電路為例,且次級電壓變化值Vc的高低是隨著輸入電壓Vin的變動而變動。假設電源轉換器100外殼溫度設定在90度時次級側控制單元44提供過溫度保護,且過溫度保護的電壓為0.5V(意即,參考電壓為0.5V)。在此條件下,假設輸入電壓Vin為90V時,溫控電阻Rt的溫控阻值為1歐姆,且輸入電壓Vin為264V時,溫控電阻Rt的溫控阻值為2歐姆。在輸入電壓Vin為90V時,次級側控制單元44根據次級電壓變化值Vc得知輸入電壓Vin為90V,且提供500mA的電流變化值Ic至溫控電阻Rt。此時,若電源轉換器100外殼溫度到達90度時,溫控電阻Rt與電流變化值Ic所產生的溫控電壓Vt即為0.5V(1歐姆*500mA)。因此,次級側控制單元44即提供過溫度保護。在輸入電壓Vin為264V時,次級側控制單元44根據次級電壓變化值Vc得知輸入電壓Vin為264V,且提供250mA的電流變化值Ic至溫控電阻Rt。此時,若電源轉換器100外殼溫度到達90度時,溫控電阻Rt與電流變化值Ic所產生的溫控電壓Vt即為0.5V(2歐姆*250mA)。因此,次級側控制單元44即提供過溫度保護。
Take the circuit of FIG. 4 combined with the circuits of FIG. 2A and FIG. 3A as an example, and the level of the secondary voltage change value Vc changes with the change of the input voltage Vin. It is assumed that the secondary
上述同樣範例應用在次級電壓變化值Vc的高低隨著輸出電流Io的變動而變動的情況下(意即通過輔助電壓Va的電壓的佔空比得知負載狀況),其過溫度保護的計算方式相似於上述次級電壓變化值Vc的高低隨著輸入電壓Vin的變動而變動的情況。在輸出電流Io為過載時(通過佔空比而得知),次級側控制單元44根據次級電壓變化值Vc得知輸出電流Io為過載。此時,次級側控制單元
44內部設定延遲時間。在輸出電流Io為過載,且超過延遲時間後,次級側控制單元44即將電流變化值Ic變更為200mA。由於在過載的情況,溫控電阻Rt的阻值必定會小於2歐姆(因為環境溫度升高,溫控電阻Rt的阻值變小)。因此,溫控電阻Rt與電流變化值Ic(假設過載時的溫控電阻Rt為1.5歐姆)所產生的溫控電壓Vt必定會小於過溫度保護點的0.5V(1.5歐姆*200mA)。因此,次級側控制單元44即提供過溫度保護。
The same example above is applied when the secondary voltage change value Vc changes with the change of the output current Io (meaning that the load status is known through the duty cycle of the auxiliary voltage Va), and the calculation of the over-temperature protection The method is similar to the situation in which the level of the secondary voltage change value Vc changes with the change of the input voltage Vin. When the output current Io is overloaded (known by the duty cycle), the secondary
在圖4的電路搭配圖2B與圖3B的電路的情況下,其過溫度保護的計算方式相似於上述次級電壓變化值Vc的高低隨著輸出電流Io的變動而變動的情況。意即,當負載為輕載時,輸出電流Io較低,使得偵側電阻Rs兩端的壓降(即為次級電壓變化值Vc)較低。當負載為滿載時,輸出電流Io較高,使得偵側電阻Rs兩端的壓降(即為次級電壓變化值Vc)較高。當負載為過載時,次級側控制單元44內部同樣會設定延遲時間。當超過延遲時間仍過載,則次級側控制單元44即會調降電流變化值Ic。其餘的計算即控制方式同於上述次級電壓變化值Vc的高低隨著輸出電流Io的變動而變動的情況,在此不再加以贅述。
When the circuit of FIG. 4 is combined with the circuits of FIG. 2B and FIG. 3B, the calculation method of the over-temperature protection is similar to the above-mentioned situation where the level of the secondary voltage change value Vc changes with the change of the output current Io. That is, when the load is light, the output current Io is lower, so that the voltage drop across the detection side resistor Rs (that is, the secondary voltage change value Vc) is lower. When the load is full, the output current Io is higher, so that the voltage drop across the detection side resistor Rs (that is, the secondary voltage change value Vc) is higher. When the load is overloaded, the delay time is also set inside the secondary
請參閱圖5A為本發明過溫度保護方式第一實施例之電路方塊圖、請參閱圖5B為本發明過溫度保護方式第二實施例之電路方塊圖,復配合參閱圖1~4。次級側控制單元44啟動過溫度保護至少具有兩種保護方式,其保護方式可根據電路實際狀況而選擇至少其中之一的保護方式進行過溫度保護。如圖5A所示,當次級側控制單元44收到比較單元442所提供的過溫度訊號St時,次級側控制單元44提供對應過溫度訊號St的保護訊號Sp至初級側控制單元42。初級側控制單元42收到保護訊號Sp後,通過關斷主轉換單元2的功率開關22而關閉該主轉換單元2,使得主轉換單元2不再工作,以提供過溫度保護。如圖5B所示,次級整流濾波電路3至負載200的路徑上串聯了保護開關6。保護開關6用以在電源轉換器100發生故障時,提供故障保護之用,其在具有電力輸送(Power
Delivery)功能的電源轉換器100中,是必須要具備的元件。因此,在電源轉換器100發生過溫度時,也可利用此保護開關6進行過溫度的保護。當次級側控制單元44收到比較單元442所提供的過溫度訊號St時,次級側控制單元44提供對應過溫度訊號St的保護訊號Sp至保護開關6,使次級側控制單元44通過關斷保護開關6而斷路次級整流濾波電路3至負載200的路徑,進而啟動過溫度保護。
Please refer to FIG. 5A for the circuit block diagram of the first embodiment of the over-temperature protection method of the present invention. Please refer to FIG. 5B for the circuit block diagram of the second embodiment of the over-temperature protection method of the present invention. The secondary
請參閱圖6為本發明具有過溫度保護補償的電源轉換器第二實施例之電路方塊圖,復配合參閱圖1~5B。本實施例與圖1的第一實施例差異在於,次級側控制單元44’根據次級電壓變化值Vc而產生電流固定值If,且提供電流固定值If至過溫度調整線路48’。意即,電流固定值If不會隨著輸入電壓Vin的電壓值或輸出電流Io的變動而變動。過溫度調整線路48’除了具有根據所在位置的環境溫度而產生溫控阻值外,更具有根據輸入電壓Vin的電壓值高低而產生阻值的變化的電阻變化值。過溫度調整線路48’根據電流固定值If與電阻變化值而提供溫控電壓Vt至次級側控制單元44’,使次級側控制單元44’能夠根據溫控電壓Vt判斷是否啟動過溫度保護。 Please refer to FIG. 6 for the circuit block diagram of the second embodiment of the power converter with over-temperature protection compensation according to the present invention, and for further cooperation, refer to FIGS. 1 to 5B. The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment in FIG. 1 is that the secondary side control unit 44' generates a fixed current value If according to the secondary voltage change value Vc, and provides the fixed current value If to the over-temperature adjustment circuit 48'. That is, the current fixed value If does not change with the voltage value of the input voltage Vin or the output current Io. The over-temperature adjustment circuit 48' not only has a temperature-controlled resistance value according to the ambient temperature of the location, but also has a resistance change value that changes the resistance value according to the voltage value of the input voltage Vin. The over temperature adjustment circuit 48' provides a temperature control voltage Vt to the secondary side control unit 44' according to the current fixed value If and the resistance change value, so that the secondary side control unit 44' can determine whether to activate the over temperature protection according to the temperature control voltage Vt .
具體而言,過溫度調整線路48’包括溫度補償線路482與溫控電阻Rt,且溫度補償線路482耦接次級側控制單元44’與溫控電阻Rt。溫控電阻Rt與圖4的實施例相同,其根據所在位置的環境溫度而產生溫控阻值,且溫度補償線路482根據輸入電壓Vin的變化而對應地產生電阻變化值。當輸入電壓Vin較高時(例如但不限於,264V),溫度補償線路482所提供的電阻變化值較高,且輸入電壓Vin較低時(例如但不限於,264V),溫度補償線路482所提供的電阻變化值較低。當電流固定值If流過過溫度調整線路48’時,會在溫度補償線路482產生第一溫控電壓(意即,第一溫控電壓即為電阻變化值與電流固定值If的乘積),且在溫控電阻Rt兩端產生第二溫控電壓。第一溫控電壓加上第二溫控電壓即為
溫控電壓Vt。然後,次級側控制單元44’根據溫控電壓Vt判斷是否啟動過溫度保護。
Specifically, the over-temperature adjustment circuit 48' includes a
值得一提,於本發明之一實施例中,溫度補償線路482不限定如圖6般的耦接方式,其可耦接於次級側控制單元44’與溫控電阻Rt之間,或耦接溫控電阻Rt與接地點之間。此外,於本發明之一實施例中,圖6第二實施例的電源轉換器100’未敘明的電路結構及控制方式同於圖1,且同樣適用圖2A~2C的次級電壓變化值Vc的偵測方式,以及次級偵測電路46的內部結構同樣適用圖3A~3B的電路結構,在此不再加以贅述。
It is worth mentioning that, in an embodiment of the present invention, the
綜上所述,本發明的實施例的主要優點與功效在於,本發明之具有過溫度保護補償的電源轉換器由於是根據輸入電壓的高低而補償過溫度保護的過溫度保護點。因此,次級側控制單元啟動過溫度保護的過溫度保護點是隨著輸入電壓的高低而變動。所以,通過上述補償的方式,可避免電源轉換器在不同輸入電壓的條件下,因效率的差異而導致過溫度保護無法正常觸發,進而避免延誤過溫度保護的風險。 In summary, the main advantages and effects of the embodiments of the present invention are that the power converter with over-temperature protection compensation of the present invention compensates the over-temperature protection point of the over-temperature protection according to the level of the input voltage. Therefore, the over-temperature protection point of the secondary-side control unit to activate the over-temperature protection varies with the input voltage. Therefore, through the above-mentioned compensation method, the over-temperature protection cannot be triggered normally due to the difference in efficiency under the condition of different input voltages of the power converter, thereby avoiding the risk of delaying the over-temperature protection.
惟,以上所述,僅為本發明較佳具體實施例之詳細說明與圖式,惟本發明之特徵並不侷限於此,並非用以限制本發明,本發明之所有範圍應以下述之申請專利範圍為準,凡合於本發明申請專利範圍之精神與其類似變化之實施例,皆應包括於本發明之範疇中,任何熟悉該項技藝者在本發明之領域內,可輕易思及之變化或修飾皆可涵蓋在以下本案之專利範圍。此外,在申請專利範圍和說明書中提到的特徵可以分別單獨地或按照任何組合方式來實施。 However, the above are only detailed descriptions and drawings of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the features of the present invention are not limited to these, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The full scope of the present invention should be referred to the following application The scope of the patent shall prevail. All embodiments that conform to the spirit of the scope of the patent application of the present invention and similar variations should be included in the scope of the present invention. Anyone familiar with the art in the field of the present invention can easily think of it. Changes or modifications can be covered in the following patent scope of this case. In addition, the features mentioned in the scope of the patent application and the specification can be implemented individually or in any combination.
100:電源轉換器 100: power converter
1:初級整流濾波電路 1: Primary rectifier filter circuit
2:主轉換單元 2: Main conversion unit
22:功率開關 22: Power switch
3:次級整流濾波電路 3: Secondary rectifier filter circuit
4:控制模組 4: Control module
42:初級側控制單元 42: Primary side control unit
44:次級側控制單元 44: Secondary side control unit
46:次級偵測電路 46: Secondary detection circuit
48:過溫度調整線路 48: Over temperature adjustment circuit
200:負載 200: load
Vin:輸入電壓 Vin: input voltage
Vo:輸出電壓 Vo: output voltage
Vd:直流電壓 Vd: DC voltage
Vs:次級電壓 Vs: secondary voltage
Vc:次級電壓變化值 Vc: Secondary voltage change value
Vt:溫控電壓 Vt: temperature control voltage
Ic:電流變化值 Ic: current change value
Ss:切換訊號 Ss: Switch signal
Sf:回授訊號 Sf: Feedback signal
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US16/774,414 US11050342B2 (en) | 2019-02-01 | 2020-01-28 | Power converter with over temperature protection compensation |
US17/327,630 US11569734B2 (en) | 2019-02-01 | 2021-05-21 | Power converter with over temperature protection compensation |
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TW108140595A TWI728543B (en) | 2019-02-01 | 2019-11-08 | Method of resistance compensation for measuring output current and conversion circuit |
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