TWI725885B

TWI725885B - Manufacturing method of sleeve

Info

Publication number: TWI725885B
Application number: TW109122235A
Authority: TW
Inventors: 賴傳榮
Original assignee: 賴傳榮
Priority date: 2020-07-01
Filing date: 2020-07-01
Publication date: 2021-04-21
Also published as: TW202202244A

Abstract

一種套筒的製造方法，包含一初鍛步驟、一續鍛步驟、一第一特徵成型步驟、一拉伸步驟、一第二特徵成型步驟，及一整型步驟。在該初鍛步驟中，將一胚料的兩端加工出形成第一凹槽的第一端部，及形成第二凹槽的第二端部。在該續鍛步驟中，將該胚料擠壓拉伸。在該第一特徵成型步驟中，將該胚料連接該第一端部及該第二端部的部分成型出一錐管狀的承接部，並將該第一凹槽成型為內四角方孔。在該拉伸步驟中，擠壓拉伸該胚料。在該第二特徵成型步驟中，將該第二凹槽以擠壓方式修整為內六角孔。在該整型步驟中，擠壓拉伸該第一端部從而製得一套筒。A method for manufacturing a sleeve includes an initial forging step, a continuous forging step, a first feature forming step, a stretching step, a second feature forming step, and a shaping step. In the preliminary forging step, the two ends of a blank are processed into a first end forming a first groove and a second end forming a second groove. In this continuous forging step, the blank is extruded and stretched. In the first characteristic forming step, the part of the blank connecting the first end and the second end is formed into a cone-shaped receiving part, and the first groove is formed into an inner square hole with four corners. In this stretching step, the blank is extruded and stretched. In the second characteristic forming step, the second groove is trimmed into an inner hexagonal hole in an extrusion manner. In the shaping step, the first end is extruded and stretched to produce a sleeve.

Description

套筒的製造方法Manufacturing method of sleeve

本發明是有關於一種工件的製造方法，特別是指一種套筒的製造方法。 The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a workpiece, in particular to a method for manufacturing a sleeve.

一般的套筒概呈圓筒狀，並在其一端或兩端上形成向內凹陷的多邊形深孔，例如形成內四角方孔、內六角孔，或內十二角孔等。透過這些深孔可以對應四角、六角，或十二角螺栓(或螺帽)，並在外表面形成所需的形狀特徵，因此套筒常配合扳手以用於快速拆卸或鎖緊前述機械組件。目前製造套筒的方式是將胚料成型為筒狀後，以切削及搪孔等除料的方式加工出前述的內孔及外表面特徵，此種除料的加工方式需要往復多個道次方能完成，費時費工，且會產生大量的廢料，造成材料利用率低、成本上升，及資源的浪費。而套筒在切削或搪孔的加工過程中，也會因為材料本身的連續性被破壞而使製成的成品強度下降，故尚有改善之空間。 A general sleeve is generally cylindrical, and a polygonal deep hole recessed inward is formed on one or both ends of the sleeve, such as an inner square hole, an inner hexagon hole, or an inner twelve-corner hole. These deep holes can correspond to four-corner, hexagonal, or twelve-point bolts (or nuts), and form required shape features on the outer surface. Therefore, the sleeve is often fitted with a wrench to quickly disassemble or lock the aforementioned mechanical components. The current method of manufacturing the sleeve is to shape the blank into a cylindrical shape, and process the aforementioned inner hole and outer surface characteristics by cutting and boring removal methods. This removal processing method requires multiple reciprocating passes. It can be completed, time-consuming and labor-intensive, and a large amount of waste will be generated, resulting in low material utilization, rising costs, and waste of resources. In the process of cutting or boring the sleeve, the strength of the finished product will be reduced due to the destruction of the continuity of the material itself, so there is still room for improvement.

因此，本發明之目的，即在提供一種可提高材料利用率、成品強度，並減少加工時間及道次的套筒的製造方法。 Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a The manufacturing method of the sleeve that has the strength of the finished product and reduces the processing time and the number of passes.

於是，本發明套筒的製造方法，包含一初鍛步驟、一續鍛步驟、一第一特徵成型步驟、一拉伸步驟、一第二特徵成型步驟，及一整型步驟。在該初鍛步驟中，將一圓柱形金屬製胚料的兩端加工出一第一端部，及一相反於該第一端部的第二端部，該第一端部向內凹陷形成一第一凹槽，該第二端部向內凹陷形成一最大直徑及角度小於該第一凹槽的第二凹槽。在該續鍛步驟中，將該胚料擠壓拉伸，並擠壓該第一凹槽及該第二凹槽，以使該第一凹槽及該第二凹槽的深度增加。在該第一特徵成型步驟中，將該胚料連接該第一端部及該第二端部的部分成型出一錐管狀的承接部，並進一步加深該第一凹槽的深度，且使該第一端部成型為方管狀、該第一凹槽成型為內四角方孔。在該拉伸步驟中，擠壓拉伸該胚料，使該第二端部及該承接部抽長，且該承接部的斜度減少，並使該承接部形成一連通該第二凹槽的孔槽。在該第二特徵成型步驟中，將該第二凹槽以擠壓方式修整為內六角孔。在該整型步驟中，擠壓拉伸該第一端部，並使該孔槽連通該第一凹槽，從而製得一套筒。 Therefore, the manufacturing method of the sleeve of the present invention includes a preliminary forging step, a continuous forging step, a first characteristic forming step, a stretching step, a second characteristic forming step, and a shaping step. In the preliminary forging step, a first end portion and a second end portion opposite to the first end portion are processed from both ends of a cylindrical metal blank, the first end portion being recessed inwardly A first groove, and the second end portion is recessed inward to form a second groove with a maximum diameter and an angle smaller than the first groove. In the continuous forging step, the blank is squeezed and stretched, and the first groove and the second groove are squeezed to increase the depth of the first groove and the second groove. In the first characteristic forming step, the part connecting the first end and the second end of the blank is formed into a cone-shaped receiving part, and the depth of the first groove is further deepened, and the The first end is shaped into a square tube shape, and the first groove is shaped into an inner square hole with four corners. In the stretching step, the blank is squeezed and stretched, so that the second end and the receiving portion are elongated, and the slope of the receiving portion is reduced, and the receiving portion is formed with a second groove connected to the second groove的孔槽。 The hole slot. In the second characteristic forming step, the second groove is trimmed into an inner hexagonal hole in an extrusion manner. In the shaping step, the first end portion is squeezed and stretched, and the hole groove is connected to the first groove, thereby manufacturing a sleeve.

本發明之功效在於：透過上述工序便可在不需進行切削或搪孔等除料工法之情況下，製得具有內四角方孔及內六角孔特徵的套筒，該製造方法可避免廢料的產生而增加材料利用率，降低成本及對資源的浪費，且也可避免套筒本身材料的連續性被破壞而提高強度。 The effect of the present invention is that through the above process, a sleeve with the characteristics of an inner square hole and an inner hexagonal hole can be produced without cutting or boring and other material removal methods. The manufacturing method can avoid waste It can increase the utilization rate of materials, reduce the cost and waste of resources, and can also prevent the continuity of the sleeve material from being damaged and improve high strength.

11:初鍛步驟 11: Initial forging steps

12:續鍛步驟 12: Continued forging steps

13:第一特徵成型步驟 13: The first feature forming step

14:拉伸步驟 14: Stretching steps

15:第二特徵成型步驟 15: The second feature forming step

16:整型步驟 16: integer steps

2:胚料 2: Blank material

21:第一端部 21: The first end

211:第一凹槽 211: The first groove

22:第二端部 22: second end

221:第二凹槽 221: second groove

23:承接部 23: Acceptance Department

231:孔槽 231: Hole

3:套筒 3: sleeve

A:角度 A: Angle

B:角度 B: Angle

C:導圓角 C: round corner

D:導圓角 D: Lead fillet

本發明之其它的特徵及功效，將於參照圖式的實施方式中清楚地呈現，其中：圖1是一流程圖，說明本發明套筒的製造方法之一實施例；圖2是一部分剖視圖，說明本實施例中之一初鍛步驟；圖3是一部分剖視圖，說明本實施例中之一續鍛步驟；圖4是一部分剖視圖，說明本實施例中之一第一特徵成型步驟；圖5是一仰視圖，說明圖4的仰視態樣；圖6是一部分剖視圖，說明本實施例中之一拉伸步驟；圖7是一俯視圖，說明圖6的俯視態樣；圖8是一仰視圖，說明圖6的仰視態樣；圖9是一部分剖視圖，說明本實施例中之一第二特徵成型步驟；圖10是一俯視圖，說明圖9的俯視態樣；及圖11是一部分剖視圖，說明本實施例中之一整型步驟。 Other features and effects of the present invention will be clearly presented in the embodiments with reference to the drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the method of manufacturing the sleeve of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view, Illustrate one of the initial forging steps in this embodiment; Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view to illustrate a continuous forging step in this embodiment; Figure 4 is a partial cross-sectional view to illustrate one of the first characteristic forming steps in this embodiment; Figure 5 is A bottom view illustrating the bottom view of FIG. 4; FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating one of the stretching steps in this embodiment; FIG. 7 is a top view illustrating the top view of FIG. 6; FIG. 8 is a bottom view, Figure 6 is a bottom view; Figure 9 is a partial cross-sectional view to illustrate one of the second characteristic forming steps in this embodiment; Figure 10 is a top view to illustrate the top view of Figure 9; and Figure 11 is a partial cross-sectional view to illustrate the present An integral step in the embodiment.

參閱圖1，本發明套筒的製造方法之一實施例，包含一初鍛步驟11、一續鍛步驟12、一第一特徵成型步驟13、一拉伸步驟14、一第二特徵成型步驟15，及一整型步驟16。本發明是以一金屬製的圓柱形胚料為原料，並透過多個不同的模具鍛造成型出每一步驟所界定出的相對應特徵。 1, an embodiment of the method for manufacturing a sleeve of the present invention includes a preliminary forging step 11, a continuous forging step 12, a first feature forming step 13, a stretching step 14, and a second feature forming step 15. , And an integer step 16. The present invention is based on a metal The prepared cylindrical blank is the raw material, and the corresponding characteristics defined by each step are formed by forging through a plurality of different dies.

參閱圖1及圖2，在該初鍛步驟11中，將一圓柱形金屬製胚料2的兩端加工出一第一端部21，及一相反於該第一端部21的第二端部22。該第一端部21向內凹陷形成一角度A的第一凹槽211，該第二端部22向內凹陷形成一角度B的第二凹槽221，此處的角度A及角度B分別指該第一凹槽211及該第二凹槽221之側壁面的傾斜角度，該角度B小於角度A，且該第二凹槽221的最大直徑小於該第一凹槽211的最大直徑，該第一凹槽211及該第二凹槽221為內窄外寬且側壁面傾斜的圓錐孔。在本實施例中，是以該第一端部21朝上且該第二端部22朝下地置於模具中，但不以此為限。 1 and 2, in the preliminary forging step 11, a first end 21 is processed from both ends of a cylindrical metal blank 2 and a second end opposite to the first end 21部22. The first end 21 is recessed inward to form a first groove 211 at an angle A, and the second end 22 is recessed inward to form a second recess 221 at an angle B. Here, the angle A and the angle B respectively refer to The inclination angles of the sidewall surfaces of the first groove 211 and the second groove 221, the angle B is smaller than the angle A, and the maximum diameter of the second groove 221 is smaller than the maximum diameter of the first groove 211, the first groove 211 A groove 211 and the second groove 221 are conical holes with a narrow inside and a wide outside and inclined sidewalls. In this embodiment, the first end 21 faces upwards and the second end 22 faces downwards to be placed in the mold, but it is not limited to this.

參閱圖1及圖3，在該續鍛步驟12中，將該胚料2擠壓拉伸使整體長度增加，並擠壓該第一凹槽211及該第二凹槽221，以使該第一凹槽211及該第二凹槽221的深度增加。 1 and 3, in the continuous forging step 12, the blank 2 is squeezed and stretched to increase the overall length, and the first groove 211 and the second groove 221 are squeezed to make the first groove 211 and the second groove 221 The depths of a groove 211 and the second groove 221 are increased.

參閱圖1、圖4，及圖5，在該第一特徵成型步驟13中，將該胚料2上下顛倒地送入模具中進行擠壓成型(該第一端部21朝下且該第二端部22朝上)，以將該胚料2連接該第一端部21及該第二端部22的部分成型出一錐管狀的承接部23，且在該承接部23及該第一端部21的連接處形成導圓角C。並進一步使該第一端部21長度增加且如圖5所示地成型為方管狀，該第一凹槽211也如圖5所示對應地成型為深度較深的內四角方孔。此時該第二端部22仍為圓管狀。 Referring to Figure 1, Figure 4, and Figure 5, in the first feature forming step 13, the blank 2 is sent upside down into the mold for extrusion molding (the first end 21 faces downward and the second The end 22 faces upwards), so that the part of the blank 2 that connects the first end 21 and the second end 22 to form a cone-shaped receiving portion 23, and the receiving portion 23 and the first end The junction of the portion 21 forms a round corner C. And further increase the length of the first end 21 and shape it into a square tube as shown in FIG. 5, and the first groove 211 is also aligned as shown in FIG. It should be formed into a deep inner square hole with four corners. At this time, the second end 22 is still in a circular tube shape.

參閱圖1，並配合圖6至圖8，在該拉伸步驟14中，擠壓拉伸該胚料2，使該第二端部22及該承接部23抽長，且該承接部23的斜度減少，使該承接部23及該第二端部22外型趨近，並使該承接部23形成一連通該第二凹槽221的孔槽231(但尚未與第一凹槽211相連通)。最後將該第一端部21內部的四個直角以擠壓方式整修成導圓角D。 Referring to Figure 1 and in conjunction with Figures 6 to 8, in the stretching step 14, the blank 2 is squeezed and stretched, so that the second end 22 and the receiving portion 23 are elongated, and the receiving portion 23 is The slope is reduced, so that the receiving portion 23 and the second end 22 are closer in appearance, and the receiving portion 23 forms a slot 231 connected to the second groove 221 (but not yet connected to the first groove 211 through). Finally, the four right angles inside the first end 21 are trimmed into round corners D in an extrusion manner.

參閱圖1、圖9，及圖10，在該第二特徵成型步驟15中，將該第二凹槽221以擠壓方式修整為如圖10所示的內六角孔，而該第二端部22的外表面仍為圓周面。參閱圖1及圖11，在該整型步驟16中，擠壓拉伸該第一端部21，並使該孔槽231連通該第一凹槽211，從而製得一如圖11所示的套筒3。該套筒3同時具備一端為內六角孔而另一端為內四角方孔的特徵。 Referring to Figures 1, 9, and 10, in the second feature forming step 15, the second groove 221 is shaped into a hexagonal socket as shown in Figure 10 in an extrusion manner, and the second end The outer surface of 22 is still a circumferential surface. 1 and 11, in the shaping step 16, the first end 21 is squeezed and stretched, and the hole and groove 231 are connected to the first groove 211, so as to obtain a shape as shown in FIG. 11 Sleeve 3. The sleeve 3 also has the feature that one end is an inner hexagonal hole and the other end is an inner square hole.

本實施例並未以切削或搪孔等減法除料方式而是以鍛造方式進行加工，可避免習知加工道次繁複及產生較多廢料而造成浪費之問題，提升材料利用率而降低成本，且因本實施例未以切削及搪孔等破壞方式進行加工，可避免該套筒3本身材料的連續性被破壞，進而提升該套筒3的強度。 In this embodiment, instead of cutting or boring and other subtractive material removal methods, the processing is performed by forging methods, which can avoid the problems of complicated processing passes and the waste caused by the generation of more waste materials, and increase the utilization rate of materials and reduce costs. In addition, since this embodiment is not processed by cutting and boring damage methods, the continuity of the material of the sleeve 3 itself can be prevented from being damaged, and the strength of the sleeve 3 can be improved.

綜上所述，本發明可透過非除料的製造方法，製得兩端分別具備內六角孔及內四角方孔特徵的套筒3，提高材料利用率及強度，並降低所需廢料及成本，故確實能達成本發明之目的。 In summary, the present invention can produce both ends through a non-cutting manufacturing method The sleeves 3 with the characteristics of the hexagonal inner hole and the inner square hole can improve the material utilization and strength, and reduce the required waste and cost, so it can indeed achieve the purpose of the invention.

惟以上所述者，僅為本發明之實施例而已，當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍，凡是依本發明申請專利範圍及專利說明書內容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾，皆仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內。 However, the above are only examples of the present invention. When the scope of implementation of the present invention cannot be limited by this, all simple equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the scope of the patent application of the present invention and the content of the patent specification still belong to This invention patent covers the scope.

11:初鍛步驟 11: Initial forging steps

12:續鍛步驟 12: Continued forging steps

13:第一特徵成型步驟 13: The first feature forming step

14:拉伸步驟 14: Stretching steps

15:第二特徵成型步驟 15: The second feature forming step

16:整型步驟 16: integer steps

Claims

一種套筒的製造方法，包含：一初鍛步驟，將一圓柱形金屬製胚料的兩端加工出一第一端部，及一相反於該第一端部的第二端部，該第一端部向內凹陷形成一第一凹槽，該第二端部向內凹陷形成一最大直徑及側壁面的傾斜角度小於該第一凹槽的第二凹槽；一續鍛步驟，將該胚料擠壓拉伸，並擠壓該第一凹槽及該第二凹槽，以使該第一凹槽及該第二凹槽的深度增加；一第一特徵成型步驟，將該胚料連接該第一端部及該第二端部的部分成型出一斜管狀的承接部，並進一步加深該第一凹槽的深度，且使該第一端部成型為方管狀、該第一凹槽成型為內四角方孔；一拉伸步驟，擠壓拉伸該胚料，使該第二端部及該承接部抽長，且該承接部的斜度減少，並使該承接部形成一連通該第二凹槽的孔槽；第二特徵成型步驟，將該第二凹槽以擠壓方式修整為內六角孔；及整型步驟，擠壓拉伸該第一端部，並使該孔槽連通該第一凹槽，從而製得一套筒。 A method for manufacturing a sleeve includes: a preliminary forging step, processing both ends of a cylindrical metal blank to form a first end, and a second end opposite to the first end, the first One end portion is recessed inward to form a first groove, and the second end portion is recessed inward to form a second groove with a maximum diameter and a side wall surface that is smaller than the inclination angle of the first groove; The blank is squeezed and stretched, and the first groove and the second groove are squeezed to increase the depth of the first groove and the second groove; a first characteristic forming step, the blank The part connecting the first end and the second end forms an oblique tubular receiving part, and further deepens the depth of the first groove, and the first end is shaped into a square tube, the first concave The groove is formed into an inner square hole with four corners; in a stretching step, the blank is squeezed and stretched, so that the second end and the receiving portion are elongated, and the slope of the receiving portion is reduced, and the receiving portion forms a continuous The second feature forming step is to trim the second recess into an inner hexagonal hole in an extrusion manner; and the shaping step is to squeeze and stretch the first end, and make the The hole groove communicates with the first groove, thereby making a sleeve.

如請求項1所述套筒的製造方法，其中，在該拉伸步驟中，將該第一端部內部的四個直角以擠壓方式整修成導圓角。 The method for manufacturing a sleeve according to claim 1, wherein in the stretching step, the four right angles inside the first end portion are trimmed into round corners in an extrusion manner.

如請求項1所述套筒的製造方法，其中，在該第一特徵成型步驟中，以擠壓方式在該承接部及該第一端部的連接處形成導圓角。 The method of manufacturing a sleeve according to claim 1, wherein the first feature is In the molding step, round corners are formed at the connection between the receiving portion and the first end portion in an extrusion manner.