TWI722439B - Method for evaluating strength of steel structure after fire - Google Patents
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本發明係關於一種鋼材強度評估方法，特別是關於一種基於鋼骨結構中的鋼板平面外變形後的鋼板殘餘強度或強度折減係數評估方法，尤其是指一種火災後建物鋼骨結構中的鋼板因局部挫屈後產生面外變形後的非破壞性鋼板強度評估方法。The present invention relates to a method for evaluating the strength of steel materials, in particular to a method for evaluating the residual strength or strength reduction coefficient of the steel plate after the out-of-plane deformation of the steel plate in the steel frame structure, in particular to a steel plate in the steel frame structure of a building after a fire Non-destructive steel plate strength evaluation method after out-of-plane deformation due to local buckling.
依據統計資料顯示，建築物火災佔整體火災事件的四分之三強，除了凸顯建物防火功能的重要性，火災後的建物結構安全鑑定的更顯重要。According to statistics, building fires account for more than three-quarters of the overall fire incidents. In addition to highlighting the importance of building fire protection, the safety appraisal of building structures after a fire is even more important.
舉例來說，在火災高溫環境中，鋼骨結構往往會因鋼材強度與勁度下降，繼而降低或喪失原有的承重能力，甚而導致鋼骨結構中的鋼板局部遭受破壞變形。因此，已有相關研究探討不同鋼材在高溫下及鋼骨結構受火冷卻後的強度，並建立鋼材強度隨溫度變化的關係。For example, in a fire and high temperature environment, steel-framed structures often decrease or lose their original load-bearing capacity due to the decrease in the strength and stiffness of the steel, and even cause local damage and deformation of the steel plates in the steel-framed structure. Therefore, related studies have explored the strength of different steel materials at high temperatures and steel-frame structures after being cooled by fire, and established the relationship between the strength of steel materials and temperature.
目前，工程界對於鋼骨結構在火害後的習用安全鑑定方法如下：在現場進行硬度試驗，利用硬度推測鋼材強度，但此方法誤差較大；如在現場選擇適當位置取樣進行拉伸試驗及/或衝擊試驗，則較嚴謹；如再進行金相分析，則更嚴謹。然而，上述取樣進行拉伸試驗及/或衝擊試驗或是金相分析均須對結構物(如局部建物的鋼骨結構)進行取樣，屬於具破壞性的結構試驗，不僅會對結構物造成損傷，且相當耗時費工。At present, the conventional safety appraisal method for steel frame after fire damage in engineering circles is as follows: hardness test is carried out on site, and the hardness is used to estimate the strength of steel, but this method has a large error; / Or the impact test is more rigorous; if the metallographic analysis is performed again, it is more rigorous. However, the above-mentioned sampling for tensile test and/or impact test or metallographic analysis requires sampling of structures (such as the steel structure of partial buildings). This is a destructive structural test and will not only cause damage to the structure. , And quite time-consuming and labor-intensive.
此外，在鋼材結構受火溫度小於700℃時，鋼材及銲道冷卻後的強度仍可維持常溫強度的九成以上，若純以火害後鋼骨結構中的鋼材或銲道之強度進行火害安全鑑定，則其結構強度多無疑慮。但是，如果火災後的鋼骨結構中的鋼板因局部挫屈導致鋼板產生平面外的變形，則變形後的鋼板殘餘強度仍無法適當評估，導致鋼骨結構物安全鑑定上的困難，造成後續建物使用上的疑慮，及造成補強工作的難度。In addition, when the fire temperature of the steel structure is less than 700℃, the strength of the steel and the weld bead after cooling can still maintain more than 90% of the strength at room temperature. In case of safety identification, there is no doubt about its structural strength. However, if the steel plate in the steel structure after the fire is deformed out of plane due to local buckling, the residual strength of the steel plate after deformation cannot be properly evaluated, which leads to difficulties in the safety identification of the steel structure, resulting in subsequent buildings. The use of doubts, and the difficulty of the reinforcement work.
有鑑於此，有必要提供一種有別以往的解決方案，以解決習用技術所存在的問題。In view of this, it is necessary to provide a different solution from the past to solve the problems of conventional technologies.
本發明之一目的在於提供一種火害後鋼結構物強度評估方法，其係利用一變形鋼材的平面外變形量作為重建樣品及估算強度的依據，以利用非破壞性方式評估火害後鋼結構物強度，進而避免火害後鋼結構物的二次破壞情況。One purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for evaluating the strength of steel structures after fire damage, which uses the out-of-plane deformation of a deformed steel as a basis for reconstructing samples and estimating the strength, so as to evaluate the steel structure after fire in a non-destructive manner. The strength of the material, thereby avoiding the secondary damage of the steel structure after fire.
為達上述之目的，本發明提供一種火害後鋼結構物強度評估方法，包含步驟：在一變形鋼材中選定一待測區域；在該待測區域中擷取一局部變形量，該局部變形量為任意兩點之間的一平面外變形量；依據該平面外變形量經由一試驗過程重建具備該變形鋼材特性的一待測樣品；依據該平面外變形量估算該待測樣品的一強度折減係數；及關聯該強度折減係數與該平面外變形量。To achieve the above objective, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the strength of a steel structure after fire damage. The method includes the steps of: selecting a region to be tested in a deformed steel; capturing a local deformation in the region to be tested, and the local deformation The amount is an out-of-plane deformation between any two points; a test sample with the characteristics of the deformed steel is reconstructed through a test process according to the out-of-plane deformation; a strength of the test sample is estimated based on the out-of-plane deformation Reduction factor; and correlate the strength reduction factor with the out-of-plane deformation.
在本發明之一實施例中，該平面外變形量可利用一光學測距儀進行量測。In an embodiment of the present invention, the out-of-plane deformation can be measured by an optical rangefinder.
在本發明之一實施例中，該強度折減係數用於計算該待測樣品的一殘餘強度，及關聯該殘餘強度與該平面外變形量，該殘餘強度估算方式如下： P=Pc×Pu,RT ； 其中，P為該殘餘強度，Pc為該強度折減係數，Pu,RT 為該待測樣品的一受火前常溫強度。In an embodiment of the present invention, the strength reduction coefficient is used to calculate a residual strength of the sample to be tested, and to correlate the residual strength with the out-of-plane deformation. The residual strength is estimated in the following manner: P=Pc×P u,RT ; where P is the residual strength, Pc is the strength reduction coefficient, and P u,RT is the normal temperature strength of the sample to be tested before being exposed to fire.
在本發明之一實施例中，該強度折減係數可為一塑性設計斷面的強度折減係數，估算方式如下： P1=0.0209(δ/B)+1.0473； 其中，P1為該塑性設計斷面的強度折減係數，δ為該平面外變形量，B為該任意兩點之間的一間距。In an embodiment of the present invention, the strength reduction coefficient may be the strength reduction coefficient of a plastic design section, and the estimation method is as follows: P1=0.0209(δ/B)+1.0473; Among them, P1 is the strength reduction coefficient of the plastic design section, δ is the out-of-plane deformation, and B is a distance between any two points.
在本發明之一實施例中，該強度折減係數可為一結實斷面的強度折減係數，估算方式如下： P2=0.0174(δ/B)+0.9578； 其中，P2為該結實斷面的強度折減係數，δ為該平面外變形量，B為該任意兩點之間的一間距。In an embodiment of the present invention, the strength reduction coefficient may be the strength reduction coefficient of a solid section, and the estimation method is as follows: P2=0.0174(δ/B)+0.9578; Among them, P2 is the strength reduction coefficient of the solid section, δ is the out-of-plane deformation, and B is a distance between any two points.
在本發明之一實施例中，該強度折減係數可為一部分結實斷面的強度折減係數，估算方式如下： P3=0.0238(δ/B)+0.8494； 其中，P3為該部分結實斷面的強度折減係數，δ為該平面外變形量，B為該任意兩點之間的一間距。In an embodiment of the present invention, the strength reduction coefficient may be the strength reduction coefficient of a part of a solid section, and the estimation method is as follows: P3=0.0238(δ/B)+0.8494; Among them, P3 is the strength reduction coefficient of the part of the solid section, δ is the out-of-plane deformation, and B is the distance between any two points.
在本發明之一實施例中，該強度折減係數可為一細長肢材的強度折減係數，估算方式如下： P4=0.0276(δ/B)+0.7129； 其中，P4為該細長肢材的強度折減係數，δ為該平面外變形量，B為該任意兩點之間的一間距。In an embodiment of the present invention, the strength reduction coefficient may be the strength reduction coefficient of a slender limb, and the estimation method is as follows: P4=0.0276(δ/B)+0.7129; Among them, P4 is the strength reduction coefficient of the slender limb, δ is the out-of-plane deformation, and B is a distance between any two points.
在本發明之一實施例中，該試驗過程可為一硬體結構試驗過程，該硬體結構試驗過程係以一鋼材試體被一門形構架型制動器壓制的情況下，使該鋼材試體經過一火災模擬加熱過程後，使該被加熱的鋼材試體經過一冷卻過程，以產生該待測樣品。In an embodiment of the present invention, the test process may be a hardware structure test process. The hardware structure test process is based on a steel test body being pressed by a gate-shaped frame type brake, and the steel test body is passed through After a fire simulation heating process, the heated steel sample undergoes a cooling process to produce the sample to be tested.
在本發明之一實施例中，該試驗過程可為一軟體數值模擬過程，該軟體數值模擬過程係以一試體模型被一門形構架型制動器壓制的一組參數，以一數據處理裝置模擬該試體模型的參數經過一火災模擬加熱過程，及該被加熱的鋼材試體經過一冷卻過程，以產生該待測樣品。In one embodiment of the present invention, the test process can be a software numerical simulation process, the software numerical simulation process is a set of parameters suppressed by a gate-shaped frame brake with a sample model, and a data processing device is used to simulate the The parameters of the sample model undergo a fire simulation heating process, and the heated steel sample undergoes a cooling process to generate the sample to be tested.
在本發明之一實施例中，該軟體數值模擬過程可由一可攜式電子估算裝置執行。In an embodiment of the present invention, the software numerical simulation process can be executed by a portable electronic estimation device.
在本發明之一實施例中，該可攜式電子估算裝置可執行一火害後鋼結構物強度評估的應用程式，以進行該軟體數值模擬過程。In an embodiment of the present invention, the portable electronic estimation device can execute an application program for evaluating the strength of steel structures after fire damage to perform the software numerical simulation process.
本發明上述火害後鋼結構物強度評估方法可利用該變形鋼材的平面外變形量(如火災後的鋼骨結構中的鋼板因局部挫屈導致鋼板產生平面外的變形)作為重建樣品及估算強度的依據，以便用非破壞性方式評估火害後鋼結構物強度，進而避免火害後鋼結構物的二次破壞情況。從而，可提供相關數據讓相關人員在現場快速判斷火災後的鋼骨結構安全性，例如：是否可繼續使用，或需進行維修補強等，以利提升火災後建物評估可信度及提高火災後建物安全性。The above-mentioned method for evaluating the strength of steel structures after fire damage of the present invention can use the out-of-plane deformation of the deformed steel (for example, the steel plate in the steel-frame structure after a fire causes out-of-plane deformation of the steel plate due to local buckling) as a reconstruction sample and estimation The basis of strength, so as to use a non-destructive method to evaluate the strength of steel structures after fire, and then avoid secondary damage to steel structures after fire. Therefore, relevant data can be provided to allow relevant personnel to quickly judge the safety of the steel frame after the fire on the spot, such as whether it can be used continuously, or need to be repaired and reinforced, etc., so as to improve the credibility of the building evaluation after the fire and improve the post-fire Building safety.
為了讓本發明之上述及其他目的、特徵、優點能更明顯易懂，下文將特舉本發明較佳實施例，並配合所附圖式，作詳細說明如下。再者，本發明所提到的方向用語，例如上、下、頂、底、前、後、左、右、內、外、側面、周圍、中央、水平、橫向、垂直、縱向、軸向、徑向、最上層或最下層等，僅是參考附加圖式的方向。因此，使用的方向用語是用以說明及理解本發明，而非用以限制本發明。In order to make the above and other objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, the directional terms mentioned in the present invention, such as up, down, top, bottom, front, back, left, right, inside, outside, side, surrounding, center, horizontal, horizontal, vertical, vertical, axial, The radial direction, the uppermost layer or the lowermost layer, etc., are only the direction of reference to the attached drawings. Therefore, the directional terms used are used to describe and understand the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention.
請參照第1圖所示，本發明一實施例之火害後鋼結構物強度評估方法可包含下列步驟：一選區步驟S1、一測變步驟S2、一重建步驟S3、一估損步驟S4及一關聯步驟S5。以下舉例說明上述火害後鋼結構物強度評估方法之實施態樣，惟不以此為限。Referring to Figure 1, the method for evaluating the strength of a steel structure after fire damage according to an embodiment of the present invention may include the following steps: a selection step S1, a measurement step S2, a reconstruction step S3, a damage estimation step S4, and A correlation step S5. The following examples illustrate the implementation of the above-mentioned method for evaluating the strength of steel structures after fire damage, but it is not limited to this.
請再參閱第1圖所示，該選區步驟S1，可在一變形鋼材中選定一待測區域。舉例而言，該變形鋼材可以是在火災後的現場中的任一變形鋼材，例如：局部變形的鋼骨結構中的鋼板(如平面鋼板或箱型鋼柱鋼板等)，該鋼板的厚度可設為t，該鋼板局部變形處可被選擇作為該待測區域，諸如鋼板在一側向(如座標X遞增所形成的方向)受力擠壓變形處(如第2圖所示)、鋼板在另一側向(如座標Y遞增所形成的方向)受力擠壓變形處(如第3圖所示)或箱型鋼柱鋼板在一縱向受力擠壓變形處(如第4圖所示)等，惟不以此為限，用以進行後續評估過程。Please refer to Figure 1 again. In the selection step S1, an area to be tested can be selected from a deformed steel. For example, the deformed steel can be any deformed steel in the scene after the fire, for example: a steel plate in a partially deformed steel structure (such as a flat steel plate or a box-shaped steel column steel plate, etc.), and the thickness of the steel plate can be set Is t, the local deformation of the steel plate can be selected as the area to be measured, such as the steel plate in the lateral direction (such as the direction formed by the increasing coordinate X) where the steel plate is compressed and deformed (as shown in Figure 2), the steel plate is The other side (as the direction formed by the increasing coordinate Y) is compressed and deformed by force (as shown in Figure 3) or the box-shaped steel column steel plate is compressed and deformed by force in a longitudinal direction (as shown in Figure 4) Etc., but not limited to this, for the follow-up evaluation process.
請再參閱第1圖所示，該測變步驟S2，可在該待測區域中擷取一局部變形量，該局部變形量為任意兩點之間的一平面外變形量。舉例而言，如第2至4圖所示，該待測區域尚未受力擠壓前在該任意兩點之間的一間距B應形成一平面，在火場高溫環境下，鋼材的任意兩點之間的一間距B在一方向(如三維座標系的座標X、Y、Z遞增所形成的方向或側向、縱向)會受力擠壓並在另一方向形成該平面外變形量δ(如凹、凸變形量)，該平面外變形量δ的大小與受力大小呈正相關，該平面外變形量δ產生位置、數量與鋼材在高溫環境下經歷過的溫度範圍有關。Please refer to FIG. 1 again. The measuring step S2 can capture a local deformation in the area to be measured, and the local deformation is an out-of-plane deformation between any two points. For example, as shown in Figures 2 to 4, a distance B between any two points before the area to be tested is compressed by force should form a plane. In the high temperature environment of the fire field, any two of the steel A distance B between the points in one direction (such as the direction formed by the increment of the coordinates X, Y, and Z of the three-dimensional coordinate system or the lateral or longitudinal direction) will be forced to squeeze and form the out-of-plane deformation δ in the other direction (Such as concave and convex deformation), the magnitude of the out-of-plane deformation δ is positively related to the magnitude of the force, and the location and amount of the out-of-plane deformation δ are related to the temperature range that the steel has experienced in a high temperature environment.
在一實施例中，該平面外變形量可利用一測距儀(如光學測距儀或機械性測距儀等)進行量測，如採用光學測距儀，可再搭配相關軟體進行後續估算過程，以利簡化使用過程。In one embodiment, the out-of-plane deformation can be measured by a rangefinder (such as an optical rangefinder or a mechanical rangefinder, etc.). If an optical rangefinder is used, it can be used with related software for subsequent estimation. Process to simplify the use process.
請再參閱第1圖所示，該重建步驟S3，可依據該平面外變形量經由一試驗過程重建具備該變形鋼材特性的一待測樣品。舉例而言，依據該變形鋼材的平面外變形量的大小、位置、數量，可複製一個具備該變形鋼材特性的鋼材作為該待測樣品，例如：利用硬體試驗過程或軟體模擬過程，在特定的高溫環境下，例如：大於攝氏700度(℃)，重建具備相同平面外變形量的鋼材作為該待測樣品，以利量測該待測樣品的特性參數，作為該變形鋼材的特性參數。Please refer to FIG. 1 again. In the reconstruction step S3, a test sample with the characteristics of the deformed steel material can be reconstructed through a test process according to the out-of-plane deformation. For example, according to the size, position, and quantity of the out-of-plane deformation of the deformed steel, a steel with the characteristics of the deformed steel can be copied as the sample to be tested, for example, using a hardware test process or a software simulation process. In a high temperature environment, for example: greater than 700 degrees Celsius (°C), rebuild the steel with the same out-of-plane deformation as the sample to be tested to facilitate the measurement of the characteristic parameters of the sample to be tested as the characteristic parameters of the deformed steel.
在一實施例中，該試驗過程可為一硬體結構試驗過程，該硬體結構試驗過程係以一鋼材試體(如表面平整的鋼骨)被一門形構架型制動器(如MTS 100噸制動器)壓制的情況下，使該鋼材試體經過一火災模擬加熱過程後，例如：以火焰或熱風對該鋼材試體進行烘烤加熱等，使該被加熱的鋼材試體經過一冷卻過程，以產生該待測樣品，該待測樣品的產生過程中的參數，如壓力、溫度、時間可以依實際需求進行調整，以利真實地重建具備該變形鋼材特性的待測樣品。藉此，可以利用該硬體結構試驗過程產生真實存在的結構物，該結構物的的特性可以真實貼近火害後的變形鋼材的特性，以利進行定量分析。In one embodiment, the test process may be a hardware structure test process, in which a steel sample (such as a steel frame with a flat surface) is covered by a gate-shaped frame type brake (such as MTS 100-ton brake) ) In the case of pressing, after the steel sample is subjected to a fire simulation heating process, for example, the steel sample is baked and heated with flame or hot air, etc., so that the heated steel sample undergoes a cooling process to When the sample to be tested is generated, the parameters in the process of generating the sample to be tested, such as pressure, temperature, and time, can be adjusted according to actual requirements, so as to truly reconstruct the sample to be tested with the characteristics of the deformed steel. In this way, the hardware structure test process can be used to produce a real structure, and the characteristics of the structure can be truly close to the characteristics of the deformed steel material after fire damage, so as to facilitate quantitative analysis.
在一實施例中，該試驗過程為一軟體數值模擬過程，該軟體數值模擬過程係以一試體模型被一門形構架型制動器壓制的一組參數，以一數據處理裝置模擬該試體模型的參數經過一火災模擬加熱過程，及該被加熱的鋼材試體經過一冷卻過程，以產生該待測樣品，例如：另一組數據。藉此，可以利用電腦模擬軟體，如ANSYS等，即可快速地重建類似火害後的變形鋼材的特性，以利進行定性分析。In one embodiment, the test process is a software numerical simulation process. The software numerical simulation process is based on a set of parameters pressed by a gate-shaped frame brake with a test body model, and a data processing device is used to simulate the test body model. The parameters undergo a fire simulation heating process, and the heated steel sample undergoes a cooling process to generate the sample to be tested, for example, another set of data. In this way, computer simulation software, such as ANSYS, can be used to quickly reconstruct the characteristics of the deformed steel material after fire damage to facilitate qualitative analysis.
請再參閱第1圖所示，該估損步驟S4，可依據該平面外變形量估算該待測樣品的一強度折減係數，例如：估算該強度折減係數的對象可以是一塑性設計斷面、一結實斷面、一部分結實斷面及一細長肢材等，惟不以此為限。Please refer to Figure 1 again. In the loss estimation step S4, a strength reduction factor of the sample to be tested can be estimated based on the out-of-plane deformation. For example, the object for estimating the strength reduction factor can be a plastic design fracture. Faces, a solid section, a part of a solid section, and a slender limb, etc., but not limited to this.
在一實施例中，該強度折減係數可為一塑性設計斷面的強度折減係數，估算方式如下： P1=0.0209(δ/B)+1.0473； 其中，P1為該塑性設計斷面的強度折減係數，δ為該平面外變形量，B為該任意兩點之間的一間距，如第5圖所示，該塑性設計斷面的強度折減係數P1可被標示成○(PD，表示塑性設計斷面)，經估算該火害後塑性設計斷面的強度折減係數P1後，還可進一步推估該待測樣品的一殘餘強度P以適用不同應用環境，例如：該殘餘強度P估算方式可如P=P1×Pu,RT ，即該強度折減係數P1的數值可被表示成P/Pu,RT ，P代表該殘餘強度，Pu,RT 代表該待測樣品的受火前常溫強度，該平面外變形量被表示為δ，該任意兩點之間的一間距被表示為B；在第5圖中，座標X與Y共同構成一直線方程式，Y為二維坐標系之縱軸數值代表強度折減係數，X為二維坐標系之橫軸數值代表經正規化後之變形量(亦即δ/B)；R2 為線性迴歸分析中之決定係數，一般而言，R2 愈接近1表示迴歸所得之數值愈準確；Fy 為鋼材降伏強度。In one embodiment, the strength reduction coefficient may be the strength reduction coefficient of a plastic design section, and the estimation method is as follows: P1=0.0209(δ/B)+1.0473; where P1 is the strength of the plastic design section Reduction coefficient, δ is the amount of out-of-plane deformation, B is the distance between any two points, as shown in Figure 5, the strength reduction coefficient P1 of the plastic design section can be marked as ○(PD, Represents the plastic design section). After estimating the strength reduction coefficient P1 of the plastic design section after the fire damage, a residual strength P of the sample to be tested can be further estimated to be suitable for different application environments, for example: the residual strength The method of P estimation can be such as P=P1×P u,RT , that is, the value of the intensity reduction coefficient P1 can be expressed as P/P u,RT , P represents the residual intensity, and P u,RT represents the sample to be tested For intensity at room temperature before fire, the amount of out-of-plane deformation is expressed as δ, and the distance between any two points is expressed as B; in Figure 5, coordinates X and Y together form a linear equation, and Y is a two-dimensional coordinate The value on the vertical axis of the system represents the strength reduction coefficient, and X is the value on the horizontal axis of the two-dimensional coordinate system represents the normalized deformation (ie δ/B); R 2 is the coefficient of determination in linear regression analysis. In other words, the closer R 2 is to 1, the more accurate the value obtained by regression; F y is the yield strength of steel.
在一實施例中，該強度折減係數可為一結實斷面的強度折減係數，估算方式如下： P2=0.0174(δ/B)+0.9578； 其中，P2為該結實斷面的強度折減係數，δ為該平面外變形量，B為該任意兩點之間的一間距，如第6圖所示，該結實斷面的強度折減係數P2可被標示成○(C，表示結實斷面)，經估算該火害後結實斷面的強度折減係數P2後，還可進一步推估該待測樣品的一殘餘強度P以適用不同應用環境，例如：該殘餘強度P估算方式可如P=P2×Pu,RT ，即該強度折減係數P2的數值可被表示成P/Pu,RT ，P代表該殘餘強度，Pu,RT 代表該待測樣品的受火前常溫強度，該平面外變形量被表示為δ，該任意兩點之間的一間距被表示為B；在第6圖中，座標X與Y共同構成一直線方程式。In one embodiment, the strength reduction coefficient may be the strength reduction coefficient of a solid section, and the estimation method is as follows: P2=0.0174(δ/B)+0.9578; where P2 is the strength reduction of the solid section The coefficient, δ is the amount of out-of-plane deformation, and B is the distance between any two points. As shown in Figure 6, the strength reduction coefficient P2 of the solid section can be marked as ○(C, which means solid fracture After estimating the strength reduction coefficient P2 of the solid section after fire damage, a residual strength P of the sample to be tested can be further estimated to be suitable for different application environments. For example, the estimation method of the residual strength P can be as follows P=P2×P u,RT , that is, the value of the strength reduction coefficient P2 can be expressed as P/P u,RT , P represents the residual strength, P u,RT represents the normal temperature strength of the test sample before fire , The out-of-plane deformation is denoted as δ, and a distance between any two points is denoted as B; in Figure 6, the coordinates X and Y together form a linear equation.
在一實施例中，該強度折減係數可為一部分結實斷面的強度折減係數，估算方式如下： P3=0.0238(δ/B)+0.8494； 其中，P3為該部分結實斷面的強度折減係數，δ為該平面外變形量，B為該任意兩點之間的一間距，如第7圖所示，該部分結實斷面的強度折減係數P3可被標示成○(NC，表示部分結實斷面)，經估算該火害後部分結實斷面的強度折減係數P3後，還可進一步推估該待測樣品的一殘餘強度P以適用不同應用環境，例如：該殘餘強度P估算方式可如P=P3×Pu,RT ，即該強度折減係數P3的數值可被表示成P/Pu,RT ，P代表該殘餘強度，Pu,RT 代表該待測樣品的受火前常溫強度，該平面外變形量被表示為δ，該任意兩點之間的一間距被表示為B；在第7圖中，座標X與Y共同構成一直線方程式。In one embodiment, the strength reduction coefficient may be the strength reduction coefficient of a part of the solid section, and the estimation method is as follows: P3=0.0238(δ/B)+0.8494; where P3 is the strength reduction of the part of the solid section The reduction factor, δ is the amount of out-of-plane deformation, and B is the distance between any two points. As shown in Figure 7, the strength reduction factor P3 of this part of the solid section can be marked as ○ (NC, representing Partially solid section), after estimating the strength reduction coefficient P3 of the partially solid section after the fire damage, a residual strength P of the sample to be tested can be further estimated to be suitable for different application environments, for example: the residual strength P The estimation method can be such as P=P3×P u,RT , that is, the value of the intensity reduction coefficient P3 can be expressed as P/P u,RT , P represents the residual strength, and P u,RT represents the acceptance of the sample to be tested. For the intensity at room temperature before the fire, the amount of out-of-plane deformation is expressed as δ, and the distance between any two points is expressed as B; in Figure 7, the coordinates X and Y together form a linear equation.
在一實施例中，該強度折減係數可為一細長肢材的強度折減係數，估算方式如下： P4=0.0276(δ/B)+0.7129； 其中，P4為該細長肢材的強度折減係數，δ為該平面外變形量，B為該任意兩點之間的一間距，如第8圖所示，該細長肢材的強度折減係數P4可被標示成○(S，表示細長肢材)，經估算該火害後細長肢材的強度折減係數P4後，還可進一步推估該待測樣品的一殘餘強度P以適用不同應用環境，例如：該殘餘強度P估算方式可如P=P4×Pu,RT ，即該強度折減係數P4的數值可被表示成P/Pu,RT ，P代表該殘餘強度，Pu,RT 代表該待測樣品的受火前常溫強度，該平面外變形量被表示為δ，該任意兩點之間的一間距被表示為B；在第8圖中，座標X與Y共同構成一直線方程式。In one embodiment, the strength reduction coefficient may be the strength reduction coefficient of a slender limb, and the estimation method is as follows: P4=0.0276(δ/B)+0.7129; where P4 is the strength reduction of the slender limb The coefficient, δ is the out-of-plane deformation, and B is the distance between any two points. As shown in Figure 8, the strength reduction coefficient P4 of the slender limb can be marked as ○(S, for the slender limb After estimating the strength reduction coefficient P4 of the slender limb after the fire damage, a residual strength P of the sample to be tested can be further estimated to be suitable for different application environments. For example, the estimation method of the residual strength P can be as follows P=P4×P u,RT , that is, the value of the strength reduction coefficient P4 can be expressed as P/P u,RT , P represents the residual strength, P u,RT represents the normal temperature strength of the test sample before fire , The out-of-plane deformation is denoted as δ, and a distance between any two points is denoted as B; in Figure 8, the coordinates X and Y together form a linear equation.
請再參閱第1圖所示，該關聯步驟S5，可關聯該強度折減係數與該平面外變形量。舉例而言，可以收集不同待測樣品的特性參數，所述各個待測樣品具備的局部變形特徵的數量可以不同，例如：同一個待測樣品的不同局部變形特徵可以標示成同一種符號。如第9圖所示，不同待測樣品可標示為□、▓、○、●、△、▲、◇、◆、×、+、…等，以利區別。Please refer to FIG. 1 again. In the correlation step S5, the strength reduction coefficient and the out-of-plane deformation can be correlated. For example, the characteristic parameters of different samples to be tested can be collected, and the number of local deformation features of each sample to be tested can be different. For example, different local deformation features of the same sample to be tested can be marked with the same symbol. As shown in Figure 9, different samples to be tested can be marked as □, ▓, ○, ●, △, ▲, ◇, ◆, ×, +, ... etc. to facilitate distinction.
其中，各個局部變形特徵可依據該強度折減係數及其相應的平面外變形量δ與間距B之間的百分比值作圖，以利得知不同待測樣品在各種平面外變形量δ與間距B之間的百分比值情況下的強度折減係數所呈現的趨勢，例如：是否呈現線性趨勢等，以供相關人員作為評估火災後的鋼骨結構中的鋼板因局部挫屈導致鋼板產生平面外的變形的依據。Among them, each local deformation feature can be plotted according to the strength reduction coefficient and the percentage value between the out-of-plane deformation δ and the spacing B, so as to facilitate the understanding of the different out-of-plane deformation δ and spacing B of the different samples to be tested. The trend of the strength reduction coefficient in the case of the percentage value between the percentage values, such as: whether there is a linear trend, etc., for the relevant personnel to evaluate the steel plate in the steel frame after the fire due to local frustration, which causes the steel plate to produce out-of-plane Basis of deformation.
在一實施例中，可在估損步驟S4中該強度折減係數用於計算該待測樣品的一殘餘強度，及可在該關聯步驟S5中關聯該殘餘強度與該平面外變形量，該殘餘強度估算方式如下： P=Pc×Pu,RT ； 其中，P為該殘餘強度，Pc為該強度折減係數，Pu,RT 為該待測樣品的一受火前常溫強度。In one embodiment, the strength reduction coefficient can be used to calculate a residual strength of the sample to be tested in the estimation step S4, and the residual strength can be correlated with the out-of-plane deformation in the correlation step S5, the The residual strength estimation method is as follows: P=Pc×P u,RT ; where P is the residual strength, Pc is the strength reduction coefficient, and P u,RT is the normal temperature strength of the sample to be tested before being exposed to fire.
本發明上述火害後鋼結構物強度評估方法實施例可利用該變形鋼材的平面外變形量(如火災後的鋼骨結構中的鋼板因局部挫屈導致鋼板產生平面外的變形)作為重建樣品及估算強度的依據，以便用非破壞性方式評估火害後鋼結構物強度，進而避免火害後鋼結構物的二次破壞情況。從而，可提供相關數據讓相關人員在現場快速判斷火災後的鋼骨結構安全性，例如：是否可繼續使用，或需進行維修補強等，以利提升火災後建物評估可信度及提高火災後建物安全性。The embodiment of the method for evaluating the strength of a steel structure after fire damage of the present invention can use the out-of-plane deformation of the deformed steel material (for example, the steel plate in the steel frame after the fire caused the steel plate to deform out-of-plane due to local buckling) as a reconstruction sample And the basis for estimating the strength, in order to use a non-destructive method to evaluate the strength of the steel structure after the fire, and then avoid the secondary damage of the steel structure after the fire. Therefore, relevant data can be provided to allow relevant personnel to quickly judge the safety of the steel frame after the fire on the spot, such as whether it can be used continuously, or need to be repaired and reinforced, etc., so as to improve the credibility of the building evaluation after the fire and improve the post-fire Building safety.
此外，本發明上述火害後鋼結構物強度評估方法實施例還可利用一可攜式電子估算裝置執行，例如：該可攜式電子估算裝置可為一智慧型手機、一平板電腦或一筆記型電腦等，該可攜式電子估算裝置可具有資料採集、儲存及處理功能，例如：該可攜式電子估算裝置可由一處理單元(如處理器)電性連接一顯示單元(如螢幕)、一儲存單元(如記憶體)、一通訊單元(如無線收發器)及一取樣單元(如相機或電子式光學測距模組等)，該可攜式電子估算裝置可執行一火害後鋼結構物強度評估的應用程式(APP)，以利用該可攜式電子估算裝置本身或遠端的運算資源執行上述選區步驟S1、測變步驟S2、重建步驟S3、估損步驟S4及關聯步驟S5。In addition, the above-mentioned embodiment of the method for evaluating the strength of a steel structure after fire damage of the present invention can also be performed by a portable electronic estimation device, for example: the portable electronic estimation device can be a smart phone, a tablet computer or a notebook The portable electronic estimation device can have data collection, storage and processing functions. For example, the portable electronic estimation device can be electrically connected to a display unit (such as a screen) by a processing unit (such as a processor), A storage unit (such as memory), a communication unit (such as a wireless transceiver) and a sampling unit (such as a camera or an electronic optical ranging module, etc.), the portable electronic estimation device can perform a fire-damaged steel An application program (APP) for structural strength evaluation to use the portable electronic estimating device itself or remote computing resources to perform the selection step S1, the measurement step S2, the reconstruction step S3, the damage estimation step S4, and the correlation step S5 .
舉例而言，在該選區步驟S1中，該可攜式電子估算裝置可導引使用者朝向該變形鋼材中選定該待測區域，用以取得至少一數據，如影像或測距數值等，該可攜式電子估算裝置可儲存該數據；在該測變步驟S2中，該可攜式電子估算裝置可利用該數據計算任意兩點之間的該平面外變形量；在該重建步驟S3中，該可攜式電子估算裝置可依據該平面外變形量經由該軟體數值模擬過程重建具備該變形鋼材特性的該待測樣品；在該估損步驟S4中，該可攜式電子估算裝置可依據該平面外變形量估算該待測樣品的該強度折減係數及/或殘餘強度；在該關聯步驟S5中，該可攜式電子估算裝置可關聯該強度折減係數及/或殘餘強度與該平面外變形量，例如：產生具關連性的數據圖表等。For example, in the area selection step S1, the portable electronic estimation device can guide the user to select the area to be measured in the deformed steel material, so as to obtain at least one data, such as an image or a distance measurement value. The portable electronic estimation device can store the data; in the measurement step S2, the portable electronic estimation device can use the data to calculate the out-of-plane deformation between any two points; in the reconstruction step S3, The portable electronic estimating device can reconstruct the sample to be tested with the characteristics of the deformed steel material through the software numerical simulation process according to the out-of-plane deformation; in the estimating step S4, the portable electronic estimating device can be based on the The out-of-plane deformation estimates the strength reduction factor and/or residual strength of the sample to be tested; in the correlation step S5, the portable electronic estimating device can correlate the strength reduction factor and/or residual strength with the plane The amount of external deformation, for example: to generate relevant data charts, etc.
舉例而言，該數據圖表中的該強度折減係數及/或殘餘強度還可依據該平面外變形量相應的至少一門檻值，被區分為屬於數個標示等級(如正常、警示及危險等級)，使該數據圖表中的該強度折減係數及/或殘餘強度可依據該數個標示等級被自動渲染(rendered)成不同顯示態樣(如綠、黃、紅等不同顏色)，以便供該可攜式電子估算裝置的使用者可一目瞭然的察看該強度折減係數及/或殘餘強度的一安全分析結果，以利應用普及於不同背景的使用者。For example, the strength reduction factor and/or residual strength in the data chart can also be classified into several labeling levels (such as normal, warning, and danger levels) based on at least one threshold value corresponding to the out-of-plane deformation. ), so that the intensity reduction factor and/or residual intensity in the data chart can be automatically rendered into different display states (such as different colors such as green, yellow, red, etc.) according to the several marking levels, so as to provide The user of the portable electronic estimation device can view the strength reduction coefficient and/or a safety analysis result of the residual strength at a glance, so as to facilitate the application to users of different backgrounds.
雖然本發明已以較佳實施例揭露，然其並非用以限制本發明，任何熟習此項技藝之人士，在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內，當可作各種更動與修飾，因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。Although the present invention has been disclosed in preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention The scope of protection shall be subject to the scope of the attached patent application.
B:間距 S1:選區步驟 S2:測變步驟 S3:重建步驟 S4:估損步驟 S5:關聯步驟 X:座標 Y:座標 Z:座標 t:厚度 δ:平面外變形量 PD:塑性設計斷面 C:結實斷面 NC:部分結實斷面 S:細長肢材 R:決定係數 Fy:鋼材降伏強度 P:殘餘強度 Pu,RT:受火前常溫強度B: Spacing S1: Selection Step S2: Measurement Step S3: Reconstruction Step S4: Estimation Step S5: Correlation Step X: Coordinate Y: Coordinate Z: Coordinate t: Thickness δ: Out-of-plane Deformation PD: Plastic Design Section C : Strong section NC: Partially strong section S: Slender limbs R: Coefficient of determination F y : Yield strength of steel P: Residual strength P u , RT : Normal temperature strength before fire
第1圖：本發明一實施例之火害後鋼結構物強度評估方法的流程方塊圖。 第2圖：本發明一實施例之鋼結構物為一鋼板在一側向受力擠壓變形之示意圖。 第3圖：本發明一實施例之鋼結構物為一鋼板在另一側向受力擠壓變形之示意圖。 第4圖：本發明一實施例之鋼結構物為一箱型鋼柱鋼板在一縱向受力擠壓變形之示意圖。 第5圖：本發明一實施例之一塑性設計斷面的面外變形與殘餘強度關係的示意圖。 第6圖：本發明一實施例之一結實斷面的面外變形與殘餘強度關係的示意圖。 第7圖：本發明一實施例之一部分結實斷面的面外變形與殘餘強度關係的示意圖。 第8圖：本發明一實施例之一細長肢材的面外變形與殘餘強度關係的示意圖。 第9圖：本發明一實施例之鋼板平面外變形量與強度折減係數之關聯示意圖。Figure 1: A flow block diagram of a method for evaluating the strength of a steel structure after fire damage according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2: The steel structure of an embodiment of the present invention is a schematic diagram of a steel plate being squeezed and deformed under a lateral force. Figure 3: The steel structure of an embodiment of the present invention is a schematic diagram of a steel plate being compressed and deformed by a force on the other side. Figure 4: The steel structure of an embodiment of the present invention is a schematic diagram of a box-shaped steel column steel plate being squeezed and deformed in a longitudinal direction. Figure 5: A schematic diagram of the relationship between out-of-plane deformation and residual strength of a plastic design section of an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6: A schematic diagram of the relationship between out-of-plane deformation and residual strength of a solid section of an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7: A schematic diagram of the relationship between out-of-plane deformation and residual strength of a partially solid section of an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8: A schematic diagram of the relationship between out-of-plane deformation and residual strength of a slender limb in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9: A schematic diagram of the correlation between the out-of-plane deformation of the steel plate and the strength reduction coefficient in an embodiment of the present invention.
S1:選區步驟 S1: Selection steps
S2:測變步驟 S2: Measurement steps
S3:重建步驟 S3: reconstruction steps
S4:估損步驟 S4: Loss assessment steps
S5:關聯步驟 S5: Association steps
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| TW201432261A (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2014-08-16 | Univ Chien Hsin Sci & Tech | Non-destructive analysis method for steel bar strength and device thereof |
| CN104361240A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-02-18 | 北京市建筑工程研究院有限责任公司 | After-fire steel structure damage evaluation system based on mobile wireless technology |
| TWI484173B (en) * | 2013-02-23 | 2015-05-11 | ||
| TW201712333A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-04-01 | Architecture And Building Research Institute Ministry Of The Interior | Acoustics-based fire damage identification method for cement matrix structure enabling to detect the damage degree of the inner deep layer in a non-destructive way, so as to substantially improve the identification accuracy |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TW201432261A (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2014-08-16 | Univ Chien Hsin Sci & Tech | Non-destructive analysis method for steel bar strength and device thereof |
| TWI484173B (en) * | 2013-02-23 | 2015-05-11 | ||
| CN104361240A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-02-18 | 北京市建筑工程研究院有限责任公司 | After-fire steel structure damage evaluation system based on mobile wireless technology |
| TW201712333A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-04-01 | Architecture And Building Research Institute Ministry Of The Interior | Acoustics-based fire damage identification method for cement matrix structure enabling to detect the damage degree of the inner deep layer in a non-destructive way, so as to substantially improve the identification accuracy |
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