TWI721385B - Generating synthetic color images of printed circuit boards - Google Patents
Generating synthetic color images of printed circuit boards Download PDFInfo
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- TWI721385B TWI721385B TW108107873A TW108107873A TWI721385B TW I721385 B TWI721385 B TW I721385B TW 108107873 A TW108107873 A TW 108107873A TW 108107873 A TW108107873 A TW 108107873A TW I721385 B TWI721385 B TW I721385B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T11/00—2D [Two Dimensional] image generation
- G06T11/001—Texturing; Colouring; Generation of texture or colour
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
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Abstract
Description
發明領域 本發明係有關於一種產生印刷電路板合成彩色影像之技術。Invention field The present invention relates to a technology for producing a composite color image of a printed circuit board.
發明背景 一印刷電路板(PCB)係由一檢查系統進行檢查，該系統包括一高速黑白相機以提供該PCB的黑白影像。黑白相機能夠以一合理的成本及以一非常高的速率來擷取影像。Background of the invention A printed circuit board (PCB) is inspected by an inspection system that includes a high-speed black and white camera to provide black and white images of the PCB. Black and white cameras can capture images at a reasonable cost and at a very high rate.
已經發現在該等黑白影像中很難找到各種的缺陷。It has been found that it is difficult to find various defects in these black and white images.
有一種需求係要在不使用較慢且昂貴之彩色相機的情況下增加缺陷的該可見性，而且沒有與轉移及儲存(即時)彩色資訊相關聯之任何其他的損失。There is a need to increase the visibility of defects without using slower and expensive color cameras, and without any other losses associated with transferring and storing (real-time) color information.
發明總結 可以提供一種用於產生一被檢查之印刷電路板(PCB)之至少一部分的一合成彩色影像的方法，該方法可以包括選擇一或多個印刷電路板(PCB)中之一或多個可能感興趣者；擷取該等一或多個PCB中之該等一或多個可能感興趣者的一或多張彩色影像；其中，擷取一可能感興趣之PCB的一感興趣的彩色影像可包括用輻射照射該可能感興趣者；基於該等一或多張彩色影像，確定一彩色到單色的映射，其可以把至少一個彩色影像像素的值映射到至少一個單色影像像素的值；基於該彩色到單色的映射計算一單色到彩色映射，其可以把至少一個單色影像像素的值映射到至少一個合成影像像素的值；由一檢查系統，擷取該被檢查PCB之至少一部分的一單色影像；以及藉由套用該單色到彩色的映射，藉由該影像處理器把該被檢查PCB之至少一部分的該單色影像轉換成該被檢查PCB之至少一部分的一合成彩色影像。Invention summary A method for generating a composite color image of at least a part of a printed circuit board (PCB) to be inspected may be provided. The method may include selecting one or more of the possible senses of one or more printed circuit boards (PCB). Interested persons; capturing one or more color images of the one or more potentially interested persons in the one or more PCBs; wherein, capturing an interesting color image of a PCB that may be of interest can be Including irradiating the potentially interested person with radiation; determining a color-to-monochrome mapping based on the one or more color images, which can map the value of at least one color image pixel to the value of at least one monochrome image pixel; Based on the color-to-monochrome mapping, a monochrome-to-color mapping is calculated, which can map the value of at least one monochrome image pixel to the value of at least one composite image pixel; an inspection system captures at least the PCB under inspection A part of a monochrome image; and by applying the monochrome-to-color mapping, the image processor converts the monochrome image of at least a part of the PCB to be inspected into a composite of at least a part of the PCB to be inspected Color image.
可以提供一種非暫時性的電腦程式產品，其儲存有指令用於：從一或多個印刷電路板(PCB)中選擇一或多個可能感興趣者；擷取該等一或多個PCB中之該等一或多個可能感興趣者的一或多張彩色影像；其中，擷取一可能感興趣之PCB的一感興趣的彩色影像可包括用輻射照射該可能感興趣者；基於該等一或多張彩色影像，確定一彩色到單色的映射，其可以把至少一個彩色影像像素的值映射到至少一個單色影像像素的值；基於該彩色到單色的映射計算一單色到彩色的映射，其可以把至少一個單色影像像素的值映射到至少一個合成影像像素的值；擷取該被檢查PCB之至少一部分的一單色影像；以及藉由套用該單色到彩色的映射，把該被檢查PCB之至少一部分的該單色影像轉換成該被檢查PCB之至少一部分的一合成彩色影像。A non-transitory computer program product can be provided, which stores instructions for: selecting one or more interested parties from one or more printed circuit boards (PCBs); extracting the one or more PCBs One or more color images of the one or more potential interested parties; wherein, capturing an interesting color image of a potential PCB of interest may include irradiating the potential interest with radiation; based on the One or more color images, determine a color-to-monochrome mapping, which can map the value of at least one color image pixel to the value of at least one monochrome image pixel; calculate a monochrome-to-monochrome mapping based on the color-to-monochrome mapping Color mapping, which can map the value of at least one monochrome image pixel to the value of at least one composite image pixel; capture a monochrome image of at least a part of the PCB to be inspected; and by applying the monochrome to color Mapping, converting the monochrome image of at least a part of the PCB to be inspected into a composite color image of at least a part of the PCB to be inspected.
該單色影像可以是一灰階影像。The monochrome image may be a grayscale image.
該單色到彩色的映射可以至少部分地反轉把該彩色到單色的映射套用到一彩色影像上的一操作。至少部分意味著按順序把該彩色到單色的映射套用在一彩色影像上以提供一中間影像，然後在該中間影像上套用該單色到彩色的映射將提供一合成彩色影像其可至少部分地類似(或至少部分地相等)於該彩色影像。The monochrome-to-color mapping can at least partially reverse an operation of applying the color-to-monochrome mapping to a color image. At least in part means that sequentially applying the color-to-monochrome mapping to a color image to provide an intermediate image, and then applying the monochrome-to-color mapping to the intermediate image will provide a composite color image that can be at least partially It is similar (or at least partially equal) to the color image.
該方法可以包括接收或計算PCB缺陷的一位置分佈，並且基於PCB缺陷的該位置分佈，選擇一或多個印刷電路板中之該等一或多個可能感興趣者。PCB缺陷的該位置分佈可基於對各種PCB的檢查，或者來自可提供PCB缺陷之位置的實際或預期分佈之一指示的任何其他來源。The method may include receiving or calculating a positional distribution of PCB defects, and based on the positional distribution of PCB defects, selecting the one or more potentially interesting ones of the one or more printed circuit boards. This location distribution of PCB defects can be based on inspections of various PCBs, or from any other source that can provide an indication of one of the actual or expected distribution of PCB defects.
該方法可以包括接收或計算PCB缺陷的一位置分佈，並且基於電腦輔助設計資訊選擇一或多個印刷電路板中之該等一或多個可能感興趣者。The method may include receiving or calculating a location distribution of PCB defects, and selecting the one or more potentially interested ones of the one or more printed circuit boards based on the computer-aided design information.
該方法可以包括選擇一可能感興趣的PCB以包括導體及絕緣體中之至少兩個。The method may include selecting a PCB that may be of interest to include at least two of conductors and insulators.
該方法可以包括選擇一可能感興趣的PCB以包括該PCB的反射元件以及該PCB的非反射元件。The method may include selecting a PCB that may be of interest to include the reflective elements of the PCB and the non-reflective elements of the PCB.
該被檢查PCB之該至少一部分之該單色影像的該擷取可以在被調適成檢測一特定類型缺陷之一檢查過程中被執行；並且其中該選擇一或多個印刷電路板中之該等一或多個可能感興趣者可以基於該特定類型的缺陷。The capturing of the monochrome image of the at least a portion of the inspected PCB can be performed in an inspection process adapted to detect a specific type of defect; and wherein the selection of the one or more printed circuit boards One or more potentially interested parties can be based on that particular type of defect.
該單色到彩色的映射可把在一單一單色影像像素的值映射到一單一合成影像像素的值。因此，該映射可以被視為係一像素到像素的映射。The monochrome-to-color mapping can map the value of a single monochrome image pixel to the value of a single composite image pixel. Therefore, the mapping can be regarded as a pixel-to-pixel mapping.
該單色到彩色的映射可把多個相鄰單一單色影像像素的值映射成相鄰合成影像像素的值。The monochrome-to-color mapping can map the values of multiple adjacent single monochrome image pixels to the values of adjacent composite image pixels.
該彩色到單色映射的確定可以包括定義一函數，該函數基於該等一或多個PCB中之該等一或多個可能感興趣者的該等一或多張彩色影像之單一顏色分量的強度準位來設定單色影像的像素的值。例如，假設選擇一彩色影像的紅色分量，則該紅色分量的該強度可以是該單色影像的該灰階。然而，對於另一實例，假設選擇了一彩色影像的綠色分量及藍色分量，則套用於該紅色分量及該綠色分量之一強度函數的一結果可以是該單色影像的該灰階。The determination of the color-to-monochrome mapping may include defining a function based on the single color component of the one or more color images of the one or more potential interested parties in the one or more PCBs The intensity level is used to set the pixel value of a monochrome image. For example, if the red component of a color image is selected, the intensity of the red component may be the gray scale of the monochrome image. However, for another example, assuming that the green component and the blue component of a color image are selected, a result applied to an intensity function of the red component and the green component may be the gray scale of the monochrome image.
該非暫時性的電腦可讀取媒體可以儲存用於接收或計算PCB缺陷之一位置分佈的指令，並且基於PCB缺陷的該位置分佈，選擇一或多個印刷電路板中之該等一或多個可能感興趣者。The non-transitory computer readable medium can store instructions for receiving or calculating the position distribution of one of the PCB defects, and based on the position distribution of the PCB defects, select one or more of the one or more printed circuit boards Those who may be interested.
該非暫時性的電腦可讀取媒體可以儲存用於接收或計算PCB缺陷之一位置分佈的指令，並且基於電腦輔助設計資訊選擇一或多個印刷電路板中之該等一或多個可能感興趣者。The non-transitory computer-readable medium can store instructions for receiving or calculating the position distribution of one of the PCB defects, and select one or more of the one or more printed circuit boards that may be of interest based on the computer-aided design information By.
該非暫時性的電腦可讀取媒體可以儲存用於選擇一可能感興趣的PCB以包括導體及絕緣體中之至少兩個的指令。The non-transitory computer readable medium can store instructions for selecting a PCB of potential interest to include at least two of conductors and insulators.
該非暫時性的電腦可讀取媒體可以儲存用於選擇一可能感興趣的PCB以包括該PCB的反射元件以及該PCB的非反射元件的指令。The non-transitory computer readable medium can store instructions for selecting a PCB that may be of interest to include the reflective components of the PCB and the non-reflective components of the PCB.
較佳實施例之詳細說明 在以下的詳細描述中，闡述了許多具體的細節以提供對本發明之一種透徹的理解。然而，本領域之習知技藝者將理解的是可以在沒有這些具體細節的情況下實踐本發明。在其他的情況下，眾所周知的方法、程序、以及組件沒有被詳細地描述以免模糊了本發明。Detailed description of the preferred embodiment In the following detailed description, many specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention can be practiced without these specific details. In other cases, well-known methods, procedures, and components have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present invention.
本發明的該技術主題在本說明書的該總結部分中被特別地指出並清楚地被要求保護。然而，當結合該等附圖閱讀本說明書時，藉由參考以下的詳細描述，本發明的組織及操作方，伴隨其目的、特徵、以及優點可被最好地理解。The technical subject of the present invention is specifically pointed out and clearly claimed in the summary part of this specification. However, when reading this specification in conjunction with the drawings, by referring to the following detailed description, the organization and operation of the present invention, along with its purpose, features, and advantages, can be best understood.
將被理解的是，為了說明的簡單和清楚起見，在該等附圖中所示的元件不一定按比例繪製。例如，為了清楚起見，一些元件的尺寸可能相對於其他元件被誇大。此外，在認為適當的情況下，可能會在該等附圖中重複使用參考號碼以指出對應的或類似的元件。It will be understood that, for simplicity and clarity of description, the elements shown in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the size of some elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity. In addition, where deemed appropriate, reference numbers may be used repeatedly in the drawings to indicate corresponding or similar elements.
因為本發明之該等所示的實施例可以在大部分的情況下使用本領域的習知技藝者所已知的電子組件及電路來被實現，所以為了理解及體會本發明的該等基本概念並且為了不使本發明的教導模糊或被分散注意力，將不會比上文所示之認為有必要的更大程度上來解釋細節。Because the illustrated embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in most cases using electronic components and circuits known to those skilled in the art, in order to understand and appreciate the basic concepts of the present invention And in order not to obscure or distract the teaching of the present invention, the details will not be explained to a greater extent than deemed necessary as shown above.
任何對一系統的引用都應適用於對一方法的引用以及對一非暫時性電腦程式產品的引用--反之亦然。Any reference to a system shall apply to the reference to a method and to a reference to a non-transitory computer program product-and vice versa.
可以提供一種系統、方法以及非暫時性的電腦程式產品，其可以把一PCB的一黑白影像轉換成該PCB的一合成彩色影像。該PCB僅是一物件的一實例。該物件可以是一晶圓或不同於一PCB之任何其他的物件。為了簡化說明，假設該物件係一PCB。因此--系統、方法以及一非暫時性的電腦程式產品可以在必要的變更之後應用於任何其他的物件。A system, method, and non-temporary computer program product can be provided, which can convert a black and white image of a PCB into a composite color image of the PCB. The PCB is only an example of an object. The object can be a wafer or any other object different from a PCB. To simplify the description, it is assumed that the object is a PCB. Therefore-the system, method, and a non-transitory computer program product can be applied to any other objects after necessary changes.
為了簡化說明起見，以下的本文及相關附圖涉及一PCB，儘管以下的本文及附圖係適用於一PCB的任何部分(或多個部分)。To simplify the description, the following text and related drawings refer to a PCB, although the following text and drawings are applicable to any part (or multiple parts) of a PCB.
為了簡化說明起見，以下的本文及相關附圖涉及係一RGB(紅色、綠色以及藍色)彩色影像的一彩色影像--儘管以下的本文及相關附圖適用於任何的彩色影像格式。To simplify the description, the following text and related drawings refer to a color image that is an RGB (red, green, and blue) color image-although the following text and related drawings are applicable to any color image format.
為了簡化說明起見，以下的本文及相關附圖涉及係一灰階(GL)黑白影像的一黑白影像--儘管以下的本文及相關附圖適用於任何的單色影像格式。To simplify the description, the following text and related drawings refer to a black and white image that is a grayscale (GL) black and white image-although the following text and related drawings are applicable to any monochrome image format.
圖1圖示出方法100，其包括一系列的步驟210、220以及240。FIG. 1 illustrates a method 100, which includes a series of steps 210, 220, and 240.
步驟210可包括基於一或多個PCB之一或多個區域的一或多張彩色影像，產生或接收一彩色到灰階的映射。Step 210 may include generating or receiving a color-to-grayscale mapping based on one or more color images of one or more areas of one or more PCBs.
該等一或多個區域可以藉由位置、大小、形狀、以及實際內容中的至少一個(或沒有)而彼此不同。The one or more regions may be different from each other by at least one (or none) of position, size, shape, and actual content.
可以以任何的方式來選擇該等一或多個區域。The one or more regions can be selected in any way.
該等一或多個區域可以代表該PCB。例如，它們可以包括導體、絕緣體、該PCB的反射元件、該PCB的非反射元件、該PCB的部分透明部分及/或該PCB的不透明部分、等等。The one or more areas may represent the PCB. For example, they may include conductors, insulators, reflective elements of the PCB, non-reflective elements of the PCB, partially transparent parts of the PCB and/or opaque parts of the PCB, etc.
該選擇可基於與該PCB相關的電腦輔助設計(CAD)資訊、等等。The selection may be based on computer-aided design (CAD) information related to the PCB, etc.
可以基於該感興趣區域的數量來選擇該等一或多個區域。例如--感興趣的區域可能包括包含該PCB之不同元素的區域、比其他區域更容易出現缺陷的區域、熱點、可能與關鍵區域相關聯的區域、可修復的區域、不可修復的區域、等等。The one or more regions can be selected based on the number of regions of interest. For example-the area of interest may include areas containing different elements of the PCB, areas that are more prone to defects than other areas, hotspots, areas that may be associated with critical areas, repairable areas, non-repairable areas, etc. Wait.
該感興趣的數量還可以基於潛在缺陷的一或多個特徵來確定，諸如缺陷的顏色、預期缺陷的位置、接近缺陷之材料的顏色、感興趣之缺陷的類型、等等。The amount of interest can also be determined based on one or more characteristics of the potential defect, such as the color of the defect, the location of the expected defect, the color of the material close to the defect, the type of defect of interest, and so on.
該彩色到灰階映射的該計算可以包括套用一或多個函數(例如--平均、加權平均{每一個像素顏色分量除以每一個像素之顏色分量數量的一加權總和}、或任何其他的統計函數或非統計函數在一或多個PCB之一或多個區域的一或多張彩色影像的該等彩色像素上。The calculation of the color-to-grayscale mapping may include the application of one or more functions (for example-average, weighted average {each pixel color component divided by a weighted sum of the number of color components of each pixel}, or any other The statistical function or the non-statistical function is on the color pixels of one or more color images in one or more areas of one or more PCBs.
該彩色到灰階的映射可以把彩色值(例如RGB值)映射成黑白值(例如灰階值)。該彩色到灰階的映射可以把一單一像素的彩色值映射成一單一像素的一灰階，雖然該映射可以考慮到其他像素(例如相鄰像素的)的該等彩色像素。The color to grayscale mapping can map color values (for example, RGB values) to black and white values (for example, grayscale values). The color-to-grayscale mapping can map the color value of a single pixel to a grayscale of a single pixel, although the mapping can take into account the color pixels of other pixels (for example, adjacent pixels).
步驟220可以包括基於該彩色到灰階的映射來計算一灰階到彩色的映射。Step 220 may include calculating a grayscale to color mapping based on the color to grayscale mapping.
該灰階到彩色的映射可以反轉(或至少部分地反轉)該彩色到灰階的映射。The grayscale to color mapping can invert (or at least partially invert) the color to grayscale mapping.
該彩色到灰階的映射可以把一或多個PCB之一或多個區域的該等一或多張彩色影像的該彩色調色盤轉換成一黑白調色盤。The color to grayscale mapping can convert the color palette of the one or more color images of one or more areas of one or more PCBs into a black and white palette.
該灰階到彩色的映射可以把一PCB之該黑白影像的一黑白調色盤轉換成該PCB之該合成彩色影像的彩色調色盤。The grayscale to color mapping can convert a black and white palette of the black and white image of a PCB into a color palette of the composite color image of the PCB.
步驟240包括產生一或多個PCB之一或多個部分的一或多張合成彩色影像，方式係藉由把該灰階到彩色的映射套用到該等一或多個PCB之該等一或多個部分的該等一或多張灰階影像上。Step 240 includes generating one or more composite color images of one or more parts of one or more PCBs by applying the grayscale to color mapping to the one or more of the one or more PCBs. On the one or more grayscale images of multiple parts.
應被注意的是，可以基於一特定PCB來計算該灰階到彩色的映射，雖然步驟240的計算可以在與該特定PCB不同之其他的PCB上、可以理想地與該特定PCB相同、可以與該PCB屬於同一批PCB、或者可能屬於另一批PCB。It should be noted that the grayscale to color mapping can be calculated based on a specific PCB, although the calculation of step 240 can be on other PCBs different from the specific PCB, ideally the same as the specific PCB, and The PCB belongs to the same batch of PCBs, or may belong to another batch of PCBs.
圖2圖示出方法300，其包括一系列的步驟312、314、316、320、330以及340。FIG. 2 illustrates a
步驟312可包括選擇一或多個PCB之一或多個感興趣的區域。Step 312 may include selecting one or more regions of interest of one or more PCBs.
該等一或多個感興趣的區域可以藉由位置、大小、形狀、以及實際內容中的至少一個(或沒有)而彼此不同。The one or more regions of interest may be different from each other by at least one (or none) of location, size, shape, and actual content.
可以以任何的方式來選擇該等一或多個感興趣的區域。The one or more regions of interest can be selected in any way.
該等一或多個感興趣的區域可以代表該PCB。例如，它們可以包括導體、絕緣體、該PCB的反射元件、該PCB的非反射元件、該PCB的部分透明部分及/或該PCB的不透明部分、等等。The one or more regions of interest may represent the PCB. For example, they may include conductors, insulators, reflective elements of the PCB, non-reflective elements of the PCB, partially transparent parts of the PCB and/or opaque parts of the PCB, etc.
該選擇可基於與該PCB相關的電腦輔助設計(CAD)資訊、等等。The selection may be based on computer-aided design (CAD) information related to the PCB, etc.
步驟314可以包括擷取該等一或多個PCB之該等一或多個感興趣區域的一或多張彩色影像。Step 314 may include capturing one or more color images of the one or more regions of interest of the one or more PCBs.
參考圖3，PCB 10之一或多個感興趣區域的影像21、22以及23被擷取。每一個感興趣的區域被展示為包括導體(11、12以及13)及其周圍環境。應被注意的是，可以選擇一個、兩個或多於四個感興趣的區域並且它們的影像可被擷取。Referring to FIG. 3,
影像21包括JxK個像素21(1,1)-21(J,K)。這些像素的該等RGB分量被表示為[21(1,1,R), 21(1,1,G), 21(1,1,B)]-[21(J,K,R), 21(J,K,G), 21(J,K,B)]。The
影像22包括JxK個像素22(1,1)-22(J,K)。這些像素的該等RGB分量被表示為[22(1,1,R), 22(1,1,G), 22(1,1,B)]-[22(J,K,R), 22(J,K,G), 22(J,K,B)]。The
影像23包括JxK個像素23(1,1)-23(J,K)。這些像素的該等RGB分量被表示為[23(1,1,R), 23(1,1,G), 23(1,1,B)]-[23(J,K,R), 23(J,K,G), 23(J,K,B)]。The
參考回圖2，步驟316可包括基於該等一或多個PCB之一或多個區域中的該等一或多張彩色影像來計算一彩色到黑白的映射(CtBW)。Referring back to FIG. 2, step 316 may include calculating a color to black and white mapping (CtBW) based on the one or more color images in one or more areas of the one or more PCBs.
該彩色到黑白映射的該計算可以包括套用一或多個函數(例如--平均、加權平均{每一個像素顏色分量除以每一個像素之顏色分量數量的一加權總和}、或任何其他的統計函數或非統計函數在一或多個PCB之一或多個區域的一或多張彩色影像的該等彩色像素上。The calculation of the color to black and white mapping may include the application of one or more functions (e.g.-average, weighted average {each pixel color component divided by a weighted sum of the number of color components in each pixel}, or any other statistics Function or non-statistical function on the color pixels of one or more color images in one or more areas of one or more PCBs.
該彩色到黑白的映射可以把彩色值(例如RGB值)映射成黑白值(例如黑白值)。該彩色到黑白的映射可以把一單一像素的彩色值映射成一單一像素的一黑白，雖然該映射可以考慮到其他像素(例如相鄰像素的)的該等彩色像素。The color to black and white mapping can map color values (for example, RGB values) to black and white values (for example, black and white values). The color to black-and-white mapping can map the color value of a single pixel to a black-and-white of a single pixel, although the mapping can take into account the color pixels of other pixels (for example, adjacent pixels).
參考圖3，CtBW 31把彩色像素[21(1,1,R),21(1,1,G),21(1,1,B)]-[21(J,K,R),21(J,K,G),21(J,K,B)]、[22(1,1,R),22(1,1,G),22(1,1,B)]-[22(J,K,R),22(J,K,G),22(J,K,B)]以及[23(1,1,R),23(1,1,G),23(1,1,B)]-[23(J,K,R),23(J,K,G),23(J,K,B)] 映射成黑白像素24(1,1)-24(J,K)，其包括(例如)灰階(GL)值21(1,1GL)-24(J,K,GL)。Refer to Figure 3,
步驟320可以包括基於該彩色到黑白灰階的映射(CtBW)計算一黑白到彩色的映射(BWtC)。Step 320 may include calculating a black and white to color mapping (BWtC) based on the color to black and white grayscale mapping (CtBW).
該黑白到彩色的映射可以反轉(或至少部分地反轉)該彩色到黑白的映射。The black and white to color mapping can reverse (or at least partially reverse) the color to black and white mapping.
該彩色到黑白的映射可以把一或多個PCB之一或多個區域的該等一或多張彩色影像的該彩色調色盤轉換成一黑白調色盤。The color to black and white mapping can convert the color palette of the one or more color images of one or more areas of one or more PCBs into a black and white palette.
該黑白到彩色的映射可以把一PCB之該黑白影像的一黑白調色盤轉換成該PCB之該合成彩色影像的彩色調色盤。The black and white to color mapping can convert a black and white palette of the black and white image of a PCB into a color palette of the composite color image of the PCB.
參考圖3，BWtC 32係基於CtBW 31來被計算。Referring to Figure 3,
步驟330可以包括擷取一PCB之至少一部分的一黑白影像(Ibw)。Step 330 may include capturing a black and white image (Ibw) of at least a part of a PCB.
參考圖4，擷取PCB 110的一灰階影像(GL影像)120。Referring to FIG. 4, a gray-scale image (GL image) 120 of the
GL影像包括M×N個像素120(1,1)-120(M,N)。The GL image includes M×N pixels 120(1,1)-120(M,N).
參考圖2，步驟340可以包括藉由把該黑白彩色的映射(BWtC)套用到該PCB之該至少部分的該黑白影像(Ibw)來計算該PCB之該至少部分的一彩色合成影像(Ics)。Referring to FIG. 2, step 340 may include calculating the at least part of a color composite image (Ics) of the PCB by applying the black and white color mapping (BWtC) to the at least part of the black and white image (Ibw) of the PCB .
該Ics可被儲存、傳送、顯示給該使用者、被提供給一驗證系統、等等。The Ics can be stored, transmitted, displayed to the user, provided to a verification system, and so on.
參考圖4，BWtC 31被套用在像素120(1,1)-120(M,N)上以提供包括N×M個彩色像素[120(1,1,R),120(1,1,G),120(1,1,B)]-[120(M,N,R),120(M,N,G),120(M,N,B)]之該PCB的一合成彩色影像。Referring to Figure 4,
圖5圖示出一種能夠執行該等方法的系統。應被注意的是，該彩色擷取路徑(彩色相機620、影框擷取器630)可屬於該檢查系統或屬於另一種系統。應被注意的是，步驟210、220、240、312、316、320、以及340中的至少一個可由該檢查系統及/或位於該檢查系統之外的一或多台電腦來執行。Figure 5 illustrates a system capable of performing these methods. It should be noted that the color capture path (color camera 620, frame capturer 630) can belong to the inspection system or another system. It should be noted that at least one of
圖5圖示出一黑白擷取路徑，其包括黑白相機(B＆W相機)520以及影框擷取器530。該檢查系統還可以包括記憶體540、影像處理器550以及用於支撐及移動PCB 110的支撐體及傳送單元510。FIG. 5 illustrates a black-and-white capture path, which includes a black-and-white camera (B&W camera) 520 and a frame capturer 530. The inspection system may also include a
在前面的說明書中，已經參考本發明之實施例的特定實例描述了本發明。然而，顯而易見的是，在不脫離所附請求項所闡述之本發明之更廣泛的精神及範圍的情況下，可以在其中進行各種的修改和改變。In the foregoing specification, the present invention has been described with reference to specific examples of embodiments of the present invention. However, it is obvious that various modifications and changes can be made therein without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims.
本領域的習知技藝者將體認到的是，在邏輯方塊之間的該等邊界僅是說明性的，並且替代的實施例可以合併邏輯方塊或電路元件，或者對各種邏輯方塊或電路元件施加功能性的一替代分解。因此，將被理解的是，這裡所描述的架構僅是示例性的，並且實際上可以實現許多實現相同功能之其他的架構。Those skilled in the art will recognize that the boundaries between logic blocks are only illustrative, and alternative embodiments may incorporate logic blocks or circuit elements, or compare various logic blocks or circuit elements. Apply an alternative decomposition of functionality. Therefore, it will be understood that the architecture described here is only exemplary, and in fact, many other architectures that achieve the same function can be implemented.
實現相同功能之任何之組件佈置被有效地「相關聯」，使得該期望的功能性被實現。因此，在本文中被結合以實現一特定功能的任何兩個組件可以被視為彼此「相關聯」，使得該期望的功能性被實現，而不管架構或中間組件為何。同樣地，如此相關聯之任何兩個組件也可以被視為彼此「可操作地連接」或「可操作地耦合」以實現該期望的功能性。Any arrangement of components that achieve the same function is effectively "associated" so that the desired functionality is achieved. Therefore, any two components that are combined to achieve a specific function in this document can be regarded as "associated" with each other, so that the desired functionality is achieved, regardless of the architecture or intermediate components. Likewise, any two components so related can also be regarded as being "operably connected" or "operably coupled" to each other to achieve the desired functionality.
此外，本領域的習知技藝者將體認到，在該等上述操作之間的該等界限僅是說明性的。該等多個操作可被結合成一單一操作，一單一操作可被散佈在附加操作中，並且操作可以在時間上至少部分地被重疊。此外，替代實施例可以包括一特定操作的多個實例，並且可以在各種其他的實施例中改變操作的順序。In addition, those skilled in the art will recognize that the boundaries between the aforementioned operations are only illustrative. The multiple operations can be combined into a single operation, a single operation can be interspersed in additional operations, and the operations can be overlapped at least partially in time. In addition, alternative embodiments may include multiple instances of a specific operation, and the order of operations may be changed in various other embodiments.
又例如，在一個實施例中，該所示之實例可被實現為位於一單一積體電路上或同一裝置內的電路。或者，該等實例可被實現為以一合適的方式彼此互連之任何數量的個別積體電路或個別設備。該積體電路可以是一系統單晶片、一通用處理器、一信號處理器、一FPGA、一神經網路積體電路、等等。As another example, in one embodiment, the illustrated example can be implemented as a circuit on a single integrated circuit or within the same device. Alternatively, the examples can be implemented as any number of individual integrated circuits or individual devices interconnected with each other in a suitable manner. The integrated circuit can be a system-on-a-chip, a general-purpose processor, a signal processor, an FPGA, a neural network integrated circuit, and so on.
然而，其他的修改、變化和替代也是有可能的。因此，本說明書和附圖應被視為係說明性的而非限制性的。However, other modifications, changes and substitutions are also possible. Therefore, the description and drawings should be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive.
在該等請求項中，放在括號內之任何參考符號不應被解釋為限制該請求項。「包含有」一詞並不排除在一請求項中所列出的那些之外還有其他元件或步驟的存在。此外，本文中所使用的術語「一」或「一個」被定義為一個或多於一個。此外，在該等請求項中使用諸如「至少一個」和「一或多個」的介紹性短語不應被解釋為暗示由不定冠詞「一」或「一個」所引入之另一個請求項元素會限制包含有此引入請求項之任何特定的請求項為僅包含一個如此元素的發明，即使該同一請求項包括該等引用短語「一或多個」或「至少一個」以及諸如「一」或「一個」的不定冠詞也是如此。當使用定冠詞時也是如此。除非另有說明，否則諸如「第一」和「第二」之類的術語用於任意地區分這些術語所描述的元素。因此，這些術語不一定旨在表示這些元素的在時間或其他方面的優先順序。單純的事實為在相互不同請求項中所敘述的特定措施並不表示這些措施的組合不能被使用來獲益。In these claims, any reference signs placed in parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "included" does not exclude the existence of other elements or steps besides those listed in a request. In addition, the term "a" or "an" as used herein is defined as one or more than one. In addition, the use of introductory phrases such as "at least one" and "one or more" in such claims should not be interpreted as implying another claim element introduced by the indefinite article "one" or "one" Any particular claim that contains such an introduction claim will be restricted to an invention that contains only one such element, even if the same claim includes the quoted phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and such as "one" Or the indefinite article of "a" is the same. This is also true when using the definite article. Unless otherwise stated, terms such as "first" and "second" are used to arbitrarily distinguish the elements described by these terms. Therefore, these terms are not necessarily intended to indicate the temporal or other priority of these elements. The mere fact that specific measures are described in mutually different claims does not mean that a combination of these measures cannot be used to benefit.
雖然本文已經說明及描述了本發明的某些特徵，但是本領域的普通技術人員現在將可想到許多的修改、替換、改變、以及等同物。因此，將被理解的是，所附請求項旨在覆蓋落入本發明之真正精神內所有的這些修改及變化。Although certain features of the present invention have been illustrated and described herein, those of ordinary skill in the art will now conceive of many modifications, substitutions, changes, and equivalents. Therefore, it will be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all these modifications and changes that fall within the true spirit of the present invention.
11、12、13‧‧‧導體
21、22、23、24‧‧‧影像
31‧‧‧CtBW
32‧‧‧BWtC
110‧‧‧PCB
120‧‧‧GL影像
200、300‧‧‧方法
210〜240、312〜340‧‧‧方塊
500‧‧‧檢查系統
510‧‧‧支撐體及傳送單元
520‧‧‧黑白相機
530、630‧‧‧影框擷取器
540‧‧‧記憶體
550‧‧‧影像處理器
620‧‧‧彩色相機11, 12, 13‧‧‧
本發明的該技術主題在本說明書的該總結部分中被特別地指出並清楚地被要求保護。然而，當結合該等附圖閱讀本說明書時，藉由參考以下的詳細描述，本發明的組織及操作方，伴隨其目的、特徵、以及優點可被最好地理解，其中：The technical subject of the present invention is specifically pointed out and clearly claimed in the summary part of this specification. However, when reading this specification in conjunction with the drawings, by referring to the following detailed description, the organization and operation of the present invention can be best understood along with its purpose, features, and advantages, among which:
圖1圖示出一方法的一實例；Figure 1 illustrates an example of a method;
圖2圖示出一方法的一實例；Figure 2 illustrates an example of a method;
圖3圖示出一PCB、該PCB之區域的影像、各種顏色像素以及各種映射的一實例；Figure 3 illustrates an example of a PCB, an image of the PCB area, various color pixels, and various mappings;
圖4圖示出一PCB之一影像、各種黑白像素、一合成彩色影像的一實例；以及Figure 4 illustrates an example of an image of a PCB, various black and white pixels, and a composite color image; and
圖5圖示出一檢查系統以及一彩色擷取路徑。Figure 5 illustrates an inspection system and a color capture path.
300‧‧‧方法 300‧‧‧Method
312~340‧‧‧方塊 312~340‧‧‧Block
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