TWI713289B - Load control system and load control method - Google Patents
Load control system and load control method Download PDFInfo
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- TWI713289B TWI713289B TW108123856A TW108123856A TWI713289B TW I713289 B TWI713289 B TW I713289B TW 108123856 A TW108123856 A TW 108123856A TW 108123856 A TW108123856 A TW 108123856A TW I713289 B TWI713289 B TW I713289B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
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- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本揭示文件係關於一種負載控制系統及負載控制方法,特別是一種能夠根據電網發電量及電網頻率的變化控制負載功率大小的負載控制系統及負載控制方法。 This disclosure relates to a load control system and a load control method, in particular to a load control system and a load control method that can control the size of the load power according to changes in power generation and frequency of the power grid.
電網頻率為電力系統運轉可靠性的一項參考指標,供需平衡是仰賴電力公司的發電機組與負載用電的預測。電網電力需求是逐年增加,備轉容量除了需穩定負載需求的波動,還要承受再生能源間歇性供電的衝擊,提高了電網頻率穩定控制的挑戰。 The grid frequency is a reference index for the reliability of the power system, and the balance of supply and demand depends on the power company’s power generation forecasts and loads. The power demand of the power grid is increasing year by year. In addition to stabilizing the fluctuation of load demand, the reserve capacity must also bear the impact of intermittent power supply of renewable energy, which raises the challenge of stable control of grid frequency.
當供電端提供的電力無法及時負荷用電端消耗的電力時,例如夏季用電高峰或發電端發生故障,電網頻率就會出現較大的變化,而電網頻率的變化將會影響到電力設備的運作情況,甚至使電力設備損壞,因此解決電網頻率的變化造成的問題對於電力系統是非常重要的。 When the power provided by the power supply terminal cannot load the power consumed by the power terminal in time, such as the peak power consumption in summer or the power generation terminal failure, the grid frequency will change greatly, and the change of the grid frequency will affect the power equipment The operating conditions even damage the power equipment, so it is very important for the power system to solve the problems caused by the change of the grid frequency.
本揭示文件的一實施例中,一種負載控制系統 包含負載監控裝置、自動讀取裝置及控制裝置。負載監控裝置用以監控負載根據電網發電量及電網頻率產生的負載功率,電網頻率根據電網發電量及負載功率的變動而改變為電網變動頻率。自動讀取裝置用以讀取電網變動頻率。控制裝置用以根據容許頻率範圍及電網變動頻率的差異值增加或減少負載功率以減少差異值。 In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a load control system Including load monitoring device, automatic reading device and control device. The load monitoring device is used to monitor the load power generated by the load according to the grid power generation and the grid frequency, and the grid frequency is changed to the grid fluctuating frequency according to the changes in the grid power generation and load power. The automatic reading device is used to read the frequency of power grid changes. The control device is used to increase or decrease the load power according to the allowable frequency range and the difference value of the grid fluctuation frequency to reduce the difference value.
本揭示文件的另一實施例中,一種負載控制方法包含下列操作:監控負載根據電網發電量及電網頻率產生的負載功率;根據電網發電量及負載功率的變動改變電網頻率為電網變動頻率;讀取該電網變動頻率;根據該電網頻率及電網變動頻率的差異值增加或減少負載功率以減少差異值。 In another embodiment of the present disclosure, a load control method includes the following operations: monitoring the load power generated by the load according to the grid power generation and the grid frequency; changing the grid frequency to the grid fluctuating frequency according to changes in the grid power generation and load power; Take the grid frequency; increase or decrease the load power according to the grid frequency and the difference between the grid frequency to reduce the difference.
綜上所述,負載控制系統根據容許頻率範圍及電網變動頻率的差異值增加或減少負載功率以減少差異值,使系統的工作頻率能夠穩定在容許頻率範圍內。 In summary, the load control system increases or decreases the load power according to the difference between the allowable frequency range and grid frequency to reduce the difference, so that the operating frequency of the system can be stabilized within the allowable frequency range.
100‧‧‧負載控制系統 100‧‧‧Load Control System
110‧‧‧負載監控裝置 110‧‧‧Load monitoring device
111‧‧‧感測單元 111‧‧‧Sensing unit
112‧‧‧通訊單元 112‧‧‧Communication Unit
120‧‧‧自動讀取裝置 120‧‧‧Automatic reading device
130‧‧‧控制裝置 130‧‧‧Control device
200‧‧‧控制方法 200‧‧‧Control method
S210、S220、S230、S240、S241、S242、S243、S244、S245、S246‧‧‧步驟 S210, S220, S230, S240, S241, S242, S243, S244, S245, S246‧‧‧Step
第1圖繪示根據本揭示文件之一實施例的負載控制系統功能方塊圖。 FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a load control system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
第2圖繪示根據本揭示文件之一實施例的負載監控裝置功能方塊圖。 FIG. 2 shows a functional block diagram of a load monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
第3圖繪示根據本揭示文件之一實施例的負載控制方法流程圖。 FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of a load control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
第4圖繪示根據本揭示文件之一實施例的負載控制方法部分流程圖。 FIG. 4 shows a partial flowchart of a load control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
在本文中所使用的用詞「包含」、「具有」等等,均為開放性的用語,即意指「包含但不限於」。此外,本文中所使用之「及/或」,包含相關列舉項目中一或多個項目的任意一個以及其所有組合。 The terms "include", "have" and so on used in this article are all open terms, meaning "including but not limited to". In addition, the "and/or" used in this article includes any one of one or more of the related listed items and all combinations thereof.
於本文中,當一元件被稱為「連結」或「耦接」時,可指「電性連接」或「電性耦接」。「連結」或「耦接」亦可用以表示二或多個元件間相互搭配操作或互動。此外,雖然本文中使用「第一」、「第二」、...等用語描述不同元件,該用語僅是用以區別以相同技術用語描述的元件或操作。除非上下文清楚指明,否則該用語並非特別指稱或暗示次序或順位,亦非用以限定本揭示文件。 In this text, when an element is referred to as "connected" or "coupled", it can be referred to as "electrical connection" or "electrical coupling." "Link" or "coupling" can also be used to indicate the coordinated operation or interaction between two or more components. In addition, although terms such as "first", "second", ... are used herein to describe different elements, the terms are only used to distinguish elements or operations described in the same technical terms. Unless the context clearly indicates, the terms do not specifically refer to or imply the order or sequence, nor are they used to limit this disclosure.
請參考第1圖,第1圖繪示根據本揭示文件之一實施例的負載控制系統功能方塊圖。負載控制系統100包含負載監控裝置110、自動讀取裝置120及控制裝置130。負載控制系統100中的負載監控裝置110用以監控負載根據電網頻率及電網頻率產生的負載功率。於一實施例中,負載可以是控速馬達、壓縮機、儲冷裝置的空調、儲熱裝置的鍋爐、調光型照明裝置或其他可以調整工作電流的裝置。負載監控裝置110可以安裝於上述負載中的監控裝置或設備。應注意到,為了方便說明,第1圖中只繪示一組負載監
控裝置110,但本揭示文件的負載監控裝置110不以一組為限,負載監控裝置110的數量可以根據實際情況調整,例如負載監控裝置110可以是家庭中使用的複數個家用空調中的複數個監控裝置。
Please refer to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a load control system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The
電網頻率根據電力公司140提供的電網發電量以及負載監控裝置110中的負載產生的負載功率的變動改變為電網變動頻率。於一實施例中,電網頻率可以設定為60赫茲(Hz),也就是電力公司140提供的電網發電量之工作頻率,當負載接收電力並開始運作時,會根據不同的工作頻率而影響負載的運作情況,例如工作頻率影響負載的轉速而影響負載產生的負載功率。當發電端(電力公司140)所產生的電網發電量與用電端(負載)所消耗的負載功率不相符時,電力系統中的電網頻率就會產生變化為電網變動頻率。
The grid frequency is changed to the grid fluctuation frequency according to the grid power generation provided by the
負載控制系統100中的自動讀取裝置120用以讀取電網變動頻率。藉由自動讀取裝置120,負載控制系統100能夠得知當前電網變動頻率的變動情況。於一實施例中,自動讀取裝置120為有通訊功能的讀表裝置,可記錄系統中的基本資料,例如實虛功率、功率因數或電網頻率等等,可對電力公司140雙向的接收與發送資料。
The
負載控制系統100中的控制裝置130用以根據容許頻率範圍及電網變動頻率的差異值增加或減少負載監控裝置110中的負載產生的負載功率以減少差異值。當電力系統140因為負載產生的負載功率而改變電網頻率為電網
變動頻率時,控制裝置130藉由自動讀取裝置120得知電網變動頻率的變動情況,並計算電網變動頻率與容許頻率範圍的差異值以決定要控制增加或減少負載功率。
The
於一實施例中,控制裝置130包含通訊單元,用以發送加載訊號或減載訊號到負載監控裝置110,通訊單元可以是利用無線或有線的通訊方式,例如藍芽、紅外線或無線網路等進行通訊。
In one embodiment, the
於一實施例中,控制裝置130更包含嵌入式系統、顯示器及記憶體。嵌入式系統可以是微處理器或其他具有處理功能的元件,嵌入式系統寫入負載控制系統100的控制邏輯,並有負載監控裝置110與自動讀取裝置120的通訊協定。
In one embodiment, the
顯示器將負載監控裝置110與自動讀取裝置120的資訊整合提供給使用者,例如上述系統中的基本資料、實虛功率、功率因數或電網頻率等等,並告知使用者系統目前的操作模式,例如系統是否運作在加載模式或節能模式。記憶體用以儲存負載控制系統100的各項資訊。
The display integrates the information of the
請參考第2圖,第2圖繪示根據本揭示文件之一實施例的負載監控裝置功能方塊圖。負載監控裝置110包含感測單元111及通訊單元112。感測單元111感測負載的溫度、濕度或照度,通訊單元112用以接收控制裝置130的加載訊號或減載訊號,當接收到加載訊號時,負載監控裝置110會增加負載的負載功率,當接收到減載訊號時,負載監控裝置110會減少負載的負載功率。
Please refer to FIG. 2, which illustrates a functional block diagram of a load monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The
請參考第3圖,第3圖繪示根據本揭示文件之一實施例的負載控制方法流程圖。負載控制方法200包含步驟S210、步驟S220、步驟S230及步驟S240,為使第3圖所示之負載控制方法200易於理解,請同時參考第1圖及第2圖。
Please refer to FIG. 3, which is a flowchart of a load control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The
步驟S210中,負載監控裝置110監控負載根據電網發電量及電網頻率產生的負載功率。步驟S220,根據電網發電量及負載功率的變動,而改變電網頻率為電網變動頻率。當負載數量變多或操作於高負載模式時,例如夏季的中午,使用空調的人數突然增加,或是空調的溫度調降使得負載功率在短時間內大幅增加時,電力公司140產生的電力可能會無法完全負荷負載的使用量,造成電網頻率下降為電網變動頻率,例如從60赫茲下降為59.8赫茲。
In step S210, the
在步驟S230,透過自動讀取裝置120讀取電網變動頻率,自動讀取裝置120讀取到的資料可以雙向傳送到或接收到電力公司140及控制裝置130。
In step S230, the power grid fluctuation frequency is read through the
步驟S240,控制裝置130藉由自動讀取裝置120可以得知當前的電網變動頻率,並比較電網變動頻率與容許頻率範圍的差異值增加或減少負載監控裝置110的負載功率以減少電網變動頻率與容許頻率範圍的差異值。於一實施例中,容許頻率範圍可以設定為59.5赫茲~60.5赫茲,或其他設定數值。
In step S240, the
請同時參考第3圖及第4圖,第4圖繪示根據本揭示文件之一實施例的負載控制方法部分流程圖。在步驟 S240中,包含步驟S241、步驟S242、步驟S243、步驟S244、步驟S245及步驟S246。 Please refer to FIGS. 3 and 4 at the same time. FIG. 4 shows a partial flowchart of a load control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In steps S240 includes step S241, step S242, step S243, step S244, step S245, and step S246.
在步驟S241中,控制裝置130會判斷電網變動頻率是否小於容許頻率範圍的最小值,於此實施例中,容許頻率範圍的最小值為59.5赫茲,如果是則執行步驟S242,如果否,則執行步驟S244。步驟S242中,控制裝置130會判斷負載產生的負載功率是否大於抑制功率標準,控制裝置130會執行負載功率計算累加功能,正常頻率工作期間第一時間t1及第二時間t2之間,若第二時間t2過後電網變動頻率大於容許頻率範圍的最大值,則根據第一時間t1及第二時間t2內的功率計算抑制功率標準並調整負載功率。控制裝置130會計算第一時間t1及第二時間t2之間負載產生的平均功率是否大於抑制功率標準。於此實施例中,抑制功率標準可以設定為第一時間t1及第二時間t2之間的平均功率減去電網變動頻率與容許頻率範圍的差異值△f乘上一基準值(Pt2-t1-△f*基準值),基準值可以根據實際情況設定,當使用人數較多時,基準值可以設定較高,當使用人數較低時,基準值可以設定較低。記憶體用以儲存基準值,基準值由電力公司提供或系統預設。
In step S241, the
當負載功率大於抑制功率標準時,執行步驟S243,控制裝置130發送減載訊號到負載監控裝置110以降低負載產生的負載功率,此時使用者可以藉由顯示器得知系統目前運作於減載模式或節能模式。當負載功率沒有大於抑制功率標準時,則步驟回到S210。
When the load power is greater than the restrained power standard, step S243 is executed, and the
當電網變動頻率沒有小於容許頻率範圍的最小值時,則執行步驟S244,控制裝置130會判斷電網變動頻率是否大於容許頻率範圍的最大值,於此實施例中,容許頻率範圍的最大值為60.5赫茲。如果否,回到步驟S210,如果電網變動頻率大於容許頻率範圍的最大值,則執行步驟S245。
When the grid fluctuation frequency is not less than the minimum allowable frequency range, step S244 is executed, and the
步驟S245中,同樣地,控制裝置130會執行負載功率計算累加功能,正常頻率工作期間第一時間t1及第二時間t2之間,若第二時間t2過後電網變動頻率小於容許頻率範圍的最小值,則根據第一時間t1及第二時間t2內的功率計算提升功率標準並調整負載功率。控制裝置130會判斷負載產生的負載功率是否小於提升功率標準,控制裝置130會計算第一時間t1及第二時間t2之間負載產生的平均功率是否小於提升功率標準,於此實施例中,提升功率標準可以設定為第一時間t1及第二時間t2之間的平均功率加上電網變動頻率與容許頻率範圍的差異值△f乘上基準值(Pt2-t1+△f*基準值)。
In step S245, similarly, the
當負載功率小於提升功率標準時,執行步驟S246,控制裝置130發送加載訊號到負載監控裝置110以增加負載產生的負載功率,此時使用者可以藉由顯示器得知系統目前運作於加載模式。當負載功率沒有小於提升功率標準時,則步驟回到S210。
When the load power is less than the boost power standard, step S246 is executed, and the
於一實施例中,負載監控裝置110可以是家用空調的監控裝置,負載可以是家用空調。使用者可以自行
設定容許的空調溫度,當用電上升導致減載發生時,家用空調可以維持在使用者設定的溫度範圍內。例如用戶設定溫度範圍為26°~28°,使用者平時使用為24°,當減載發生時負載控制系統100會進一步偵測目前溫度是否在用戶設定溫度範圍內,如果低於用戶設定溫度範圍則啟動減載,將空調的溫度提升到用戶設定溫度範圍內。
In an embodiment, the
於一實施例中,控制裝置130調整功率後可進一步計算功率調整的達成率,例如由電力公司140設定電力節省的達成率,當使用者經由上述設定以節省電力而達成電力公司140設定的達成率時,可以有額外電費優惠或其他優惠活動,電力公司140設定的達成率可以由儲存裝置所儲存。
In one embodiment, the
此外,於夏季用電高峰時,負載控制系統100可以預先將負載監控裝置110減載,於上述實施例中,使家用空調的溫度控制在用戶設定溫度範圍的26°~28°,當發生大量用電時就能夠將因為減載而節省的電力用於配置在其他需要大量用電的地方,預防因為發生大量用電而使得發電端無法及時負荷用電端的消耗電力,進一步地將電網頻率控制在安全範圍內。例如,假設家庭用戶數有870萬戶,每戶都有200公升冰箱耗電200W,5坪用冷氣耗電2300W,需要負載調節時減載或加載10%的功率,則可對等電網上有功率2.175MW的快速充放電的電池。
In addition, the
綜上所述,藉由負載控制系統的自動讀表裝置讀取當前的電網頻率,控制裝置判斷當前的電網頻率是否 大於或小於容許頻率範圍,超過容許頻率範圍時則根據負載的使用情況增加或降低負載功率,將電網頻率控制在容許頻率範圍內,穩定發電端及用電端的工作情況。 In summary, the automatic meter reading device of the load control system reads the current grid frequency, and the control device determines whether the current grid frequency is It is greater than or less than the allowable frequency range. When the allowable frequency range is exceeded, the load power will be increased or reduced according to the usage of the load, and the grid frequency will be controlled within the allowable frequency range to stabilize the working conditions of the power generating and consumer terminals.
雖然本揭示內容已以實施方式揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本揭示內容,任何熟習此技藝者,在不脫離本揭示內容之精神和範圍內,當可作各種更動與潤飾,因此本揭示內容之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 Although the content of this disclosure has been disclosed in the above manner, it is not intended to limit the content of this disclosure. Anyone who is familiar with this technique can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure The scope of protection of the content shall be subject to the scope of the attached patent application.
200‧‧‧控制方法 200‧‧‧Control method
S210、S220、S230、S240‧‧‧步驟 S210, S220, S230, S240‧‧‧Step
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