TWI712727B

TWI712727B - Isolation mechanism

Info

Publication number: TWI712727B
Application number: TW105139634A
Authority: TW
Inventors: 磯田和彥
Original assignee: 日商清水建設股份有限公司
Priority date: 2015-12-04
Filing date: 2016-12-01
Publication date: 2020-12-11
Also published as: JP6709609B2; JP2017101794A; TW201727024A

Abstract

An isolation mechanism which is provided between an upper structure and a lower structure which can move relative to each other in the horizontal direction comprising: an upper guide member (2) which is fixed to a bottom portion of the upper structure; a lower guide member (3) which is fixed to an upper portion of the lower structure; and a mover (4) which is interposed between the upper guide member (2) and the lower guide member (3), wherein the upper guide member (2) has an upper inclined surface (21) which is inclined so that the central portion in a X direction (first horizontal direction) is convex upward along the X direction, wherein the lower guide member (3) has a lower inclined surface (31) which is inclined so that the central portion in a Y direction (second horizontal direction) orthogonal to the X direction protrudes downward along the Y direction, wherein the mover (4) includes a main body part (41), an upper rolling element (42) which is provided at an upper portion of the main body part (41) rotatable around an axis extending in the Y direction and capable of rolling along the upper inclined surface (21), and a lower rolling element (43) which is provided at a lower portion of the main body part (41) and rotatable around an axis extending in the X direction and capable of rolling along the lower inclined surface (31).

Description

避震機構 Shock absorber

本發明係關於一種用於支承建築物或精密機器等避震對象的避震機構。 The invention relates to a shock-absorbing mechanism for supporting shock-absorbing objects such as buildings or precision machines.

本案係基於2015年12月14日在日本所申請的特願2015-237702號而主張優先權，且將其內容援用於此。 This case claims priority based on Special Application No. 2015-237702 filed in Japan on December 14, 2015, and its content is used here.

以往為了防止(抑止)建築物或精密機器等的地震災害係採用避震構造，且多採用積層橡膠或滑動支承(sliding support)。然而，雖然積層橡膠的避震性能良好，但另一方面卻也有因對應成本及過度變形等問題點而難以適用的情形。又，雖然滑動支承的成本較低且可以充分地對應過度變形，卻有在地震後發生剩餘位移(residual displacement)發生的缺點。更且，雖然亦有檢討、實用化將兩者並用以抑制建築物之避震層的位移、剩餘位移，但在此情況下仍會在處理兩者之潛移(creep)或軸伸縮量的差異的這一點上留下課題。 In the past, in order to prevent (suppress) earthquake disasters such as buildings or precision equipment, shock-absorbing structures were used, and laminated rubber or sliding supports were often used. However, although laminated rubber has good shock-absorbing performance, on the other hand, it is difficult to apply it due to problems such as corresponding cost and excessive deformation. In addition, although the cost of the sliding bearing is low and it can adequately cope with excessive deformation, it has the disadvantage that residual displacement occurs after an earthquake. Moreover, although there are also reviews and practical uses to suppress the displacement and residual displacement of the shock-absorbing layer of the building, in this case, the creep or axial expansion and contraction of the two are still handled. This point of difference leaves a problem.

另一方面，作為滑動支承，例如係提案有滑擺型避震機構(FPS：Friction Pendulum System；亦稱摩擦單擺系統)。前述滑擺型避震機構係將分別固定於避震對象之上部構造體和下部構造體的滑動面(滑面)皆設為球面，且在此些滑動面之間夾設有成為可動件的構件所構成。藉此，使不受軸力(支承承重)影響而以成為滑動面的球面之曲率半徑作為單擺長度的週期成為避震層的固定週期。又，藉由使滑動面為球面而具備朝向原位置的復原功能。 On the other hand, as a sliding support, for example, a sliding pendulum type suspension mechanism (FPS: Friction Pendulum System; also known as a friction pendulum system) has been proposed. In the aforementioned sliding-pendulum type suspension mechanism, the sliding surfaces (sliding surfaces) respectively fixed to the upper structure and the lower structure of the suspension object are made spherical, and a movable element is interposed between these sliding surfaces. Component constituted. In this way, the period in which the radius of curvature of the spherical surface serving as the sliding surface is the length of the pendulum, without being affected by the axial force (support load), becomes the fixed period of the shock-absorbing layer. In addition, by making the sliding surface a spherical surface, a return function to the original position is provided.

然而，在前述滑擺型避震機構中，由於滑動面為球面以致在原位置附近幾乎沒有斜度的因素故使復原力較小，而導致發生相當的剩餘位移。 However, in the aforementioned sliding pendulum type suspension mechanism, since the sliding surface is spherical so that there is almost no slope in the vicinity of the original position, the restoring force is small, resulting in considerable residual displacement.

因此，雖然滑擺型避震機構能夠適用於軸力較小的小型建築物，但是即便是在該情況下仍有必要加大作為滑動面的球面之曲率而使其成為朝上下方向大幅度彎曲的球面。然後，會有越將固有週期長週期化就越使外形尺寸、尤其是上下方向之所需要的尺寸變大的問題。 Therefore, although the sliding pendulum type suspension mechanism can be applied to small buildings with small axial force, even in this case, it is necessary to increase the curvature of the spherical surface as the sliding surface and make it largely curved in the vertical direction. Sphere. Then, there is a problem that the longer the natural period, the larger the external dimensions, especially the required dimensions in the vertical direction.

相對於此，本案申請人已對於將分別被固定於避震對象之上部構造體和下部構造體的滑動面(滑面)皆設為平面之傾斜面，且在此些滑動面之間將夾設有成為可動件的滑動件所構成的滑動式避震機構申請了專利(例如，參照專利文獻1)。在該滑動式避震機構中，與如上所述的滑擺型避震機構相較，由於能縮小設置面積，並且不受位移的影響而使復原力成為固定，因此傾斜面的復原力即便是在原位置附近仍不會降低而能抑制剩餘位移。 In contrast, the applicant in this case has made the sliding surfaces (sliding surfaces) fixed to the upper structure and the lower structure of the shock-absorbing object as flat inclined surfaces, and sandwiched between these sliding surfaces. A patent has been filed for a sliding type shock-absorbing mechanism configured with a slider as a movable element (for example, refer to Patent Document 1). In this sliding type suspension mechanism, compared with the above-mentioned sliding type suspension mechanism, since the installation area can be reduced and the restoring force is fixed without being affected by displacement, the restoring force of the inclined surface is In the vicinity of the original position, the residual displacement can be suppressed without lowering.

[先前技術文獻] [Prior Technical Literature] [專利文獻] [Patent Literature]

專利文獻1：日本特開2013-130216號公報。 Patent Document 1: JP 2013-130216 A.

然而，在滑動式避震機構中，滑動面與可動件的摩擦係數越小就越能減小剩餘位移，且可以在加速度降低方面進一步提升避震性能。 However, in a sliding type suspension mechanism, the smaller the friction coefficient between the sliding surface and the movable element, the more the residual displacement can be reduced, and the suspension performance can be further improved in terms of acceleration reduction.

因此，期望能在滑動面成為傾斜面的避震機構中減小傾斜面與可動件的摩擦係數。 Therefore, it is desirable to reduce the coefficient of friction between the inclined surface and the movable element in a suspension mechanism in which the sliding surface is an inclined surface.

於是，本發明之目的係在於提供一種避震機構，能縮小傾斜面與可動件之間的摩擦係數。 Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a shock-absorbing mechanism that can reduce the coefficient of friction between the inclined surface and the movable element.

為了達成上述目的，本發明的避震機構係設置於上部構造體與下部構造體之間，且前述上部構造體與前述下部構造體係能於水平方向相對地移動，前述避震機構具有：上部導引構件，係固定於前述上部構造體之底部；下部導引構件，係固定於前述下部構造體之上部；以及可動件，係夾設於前述上部導引構件與前述下部導引件之間；前述上部導引構件係具有以沿著第一水平方向並朝向上側成為凸狀之方式傾斜的上部傾斜面；前述下部導引構件係具有以沿著正交於前述第一水平方向的第二水平方向並朝向下側成為凸狀之方式傾斜的下部傾斜面；前述可動件係具有本體部、上部轉動件及下部轉動件，該上部轉動件係能夠繞延伸於前述第二水平方向之軸線旋轉地設置於前述本體部之上部並能夠沿著前述上部傾斜面轉動，該下部轉動件係能夠繞延伸於前述第一水平方向之軸線旋轉地設置於前述本體部之下部並能夠沿著前述下部傾斜面轉動。 In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the shock-absorbing mechanism of the present invention is provided between the upper structure and the lower structure, and the upper structure and the lower structure can move relatively in the horizontal direction. The shock-absorbing mechanism has: an upper guide The guide member is fixed to the bottom of the upper structure; the lower guide member is fixed to the upper portion of the lower structure; and the movable member is sandwiched between the upper guide member and the lower guide; The aforementioned upper guide member has a convex shape along the first horizontal direction and toward the upper side. The upper inclined surface is inclined in a manner; the lower guide member has a lower inclined surface that is inclined so as to become convex toward the lower side along a second horizontal direction orthogonal to the first horizontal direction; the movable element has The main body, the upper rotating member, and the lower rotating member. The upper rotating member is rotatably arranged on the upper part of the main body to be rotatable about an axis extending in the second horizontal direction and can rotate along the upper inclined surface. The lower rotating member The system is rotatably arranged at the lower part of the main body part around an axis extending in the first horizontal direction and can rotate along the lower inclined surface.

根據前述避震機構，在上部導引構件與下部導引構件於水平方向相對位移相對位移時，可動件之上部轉動件沿著上部傾斜面轉動，並且下部轉動件沿著下部導引構件轉動而成為滾動支承。因此，與可動件由滑動於上部傾斜面及下部傾斜面的滑動支承所構成的情況等相較，能縮小可動件與上部傾斜面之間的摩擦係數、以及可動件與下部傾斜面之間的摩擦係數。藉此，因為能透過避震機構縮小自下部構造體傳遞至上部構造體的振動，所以能有效地縮小地震時的上部構造體之回應加速度(response acceleration)。 According to the aforementioned shock-absorbing mechanism, when the upper guide member and the lower guide member are relatively displaced in the horizontal direction, the upper rotary member of the movable member rotates along the upper inclined surface, and the lower rotary member rotates along the lower guide member. Become a rolling bearing. Therefore, compared with the case where the movable element is composed of sliding supports that slide on the upper inclined surface and the lower inclined surface, the coefficient of friction between the movable element and the upper inclined surface, and the friction coefficient between the movable element and the lower inclined surface can be reduced. Coefficient of friction. Thereby, since the vibration transmitted from the lower structure to the upper structure can be reduced by the shock-absorbing mechanism, the response acceleration of the upper structure during an earthquake can be effectively reduced.

又，本發明之避震機構，其中前述上部傾斜面係在前述第一水平方向之中間部形成有上部彎曲部，前述上部傾斜面在比前述上部彎曲部更靠前述第一水平方向之一側形成有朝向前述第一水平方向之一側並逐漸朝向下側的平面狀之第一上部傾斜面，並且前述上部傾斜面在比前述上部彎曲部更靠前述第一水平方向之另一側形成有朝向前述第一水平方向之另一側並逐漸朝向下側的平面狀之第二上部傾斜面；前述下部傾斜面係在前述第二水平方向之中間部形成有下部彎曲部，且前述下部傾斜面係在比前述下部彎曲部更靠前述第二水平方向之一側形成有朝向前述第二水平方向之一側並逐漸朝向上側的平面狀之第一下部傾斜面，且前述下部傾斜面係在比前述下部彎曲部更靠前述第二水平方向之另一側形成有朝向前述第二水平方向之另一側並逐漸朝向上側的平面狀之第二下部傾斜面；前述上部轉動件及前述下部轉動件係分別設置為複數個；在複數個前述上部轉動件係包含有：第一上部轉動件，其在初始狀態下與前述第一上部傾斜面抵接；以及第二上部轉動件，其在初始狀態下與前述第二上部傾斜面抵接；當前述可動件相對於前述上部導引構件從初始狀態朝向前述第一水平方向之一側移動時，前述第二上部轉動件就從前述第二上部傾斜面分離，並且前述第一上部轉動件轉動於前述第一上部傾斜面；當前述可動件相對於前述上部導引構件從初始狀態朝向前述第一水平方向之另一側移動時，前述第一上部轉動件就從前述第一上部傾斜面分離，並且前述第二上部轉動件轉動於前述第二上部傾斜面；在複數個前述下部轉動件係包含有：第一下部轉動件，其在初始狀態下與前述第一下部傾斜面抵接；以及第二下部轉動件，其在初始狀態下與前述第二下部傾斜面抵接；當前述可動件相對於前述下部導引構件從初始狀態朝向前述第二水平方向之一側移動時，前述第二下部轉動件就從前述第二下部傾斜面分離，並且前述第一下部轉動件轉動於前述第一下部傾斜面；當前述可動件相對於前述下部導引構件從初始狀態朝向前述第二水平方向之另一側移動時，前述第一下部轉動件就從前述第一下部傾斜面分離，並且前述第二下部轉動件轉動於前述第二下部傾斜面。 In addition, in the shock-absorbing mechanism of the present invention, the upper inclined surface is formed with an upper curved portion in the middle portion of the first horizontal direction, and the upper inclined surface is on one side of the first horizontal direction than the upper curved portion A flat surface that faces one side of the aforementioned first horizontal direction and gradually faces downward is formed The first upper inclined surface of the shape, and the upper inclined surface is formed on the other side of the first horizontal direction than the upper curved portion is formed with a flat surface facing the other side of the first horizontal direction and gradually toward the lower side The second upper inclined surface; the lower inclined surface is formed with a lower curved portion in the middle of the second horizontal direction, and the lower inclined surface is formed on one side of the second horizontal direction than the lower curved portion There is a flat first lower inclined surface facing one side of the second horizontal direction and gradually toward the upper side, and the lower inclined surface is formed on the other side of the second horizontal direction than the lower curved portion A flat second lower inclined surface facing the other side of the second horizontal direction and gradually toward the upper side; the upper rotating member and the lower rotating member are respectively provided in plural; the plural upper rotating members include ：The first upper rotating member abuts against the first upper inclined surface in the initial state; and the second upper rotating member abuts against the second upper inclined surface in the initial state; when the movable member is opposite to When the upper guide member moves from the initial state toward one side of the first horizontal direction, the second upper rotating member is separated from the second upper inclined surface, and the first upper rotating member rotates to the first upper inclined surface Surface; when the movable member relative to the upper guide member moves from the initial state toward the other side of the first horizontal direction, the first upper rotating member is separated from the first upper inclined surface, and the second upper The rotating member rotates on the second upper inclined surface; the plurality of lower rotating members includes: a first lower rotating member that abuts on the first lower inclined surface in an initial state; and a second lower rotating member Part, which in the initial state abuts against the aforementioned second lower inclined surface; when the aforementioned movable part is relative to the front When the lower guide member moves from the initial state toward one side of the second horizontal direction, the second lower rotating member is separated from the second lower inclined surface, and the first lower rotating member rotates on the first lower Part inclined surface; when the movable element moves from the initial state to the other side of the second horizontal direction with respect to the lower guide member, the first lower rotating member is separated from the first lower inclined surface, and The second lower rotating member rotates on the second lower inclined surface.

根據前述避震機構，在初始狀態下，第一上部轉動件與第一上部傾斜面相抵接，且第二上部轉動件與第二上部傾斜面相抵接，第一下部轉動件與第一下部傾斜面相抵接，且第二下部轉動件與第二下部傾斜面相抵接。因此，能以穩定的狀態將可動件配置於上部導引構件與下部導引構件之間。 According to the aforementioned shock-absorbing mechanism, in the initial state, the first upper rotating member is in contact with the first upper inclined surface, the second upper rotating member is in contact with the second upper inclined surface, and the first lower rotating member is in contact with the first lower inclined surface. The inclined surface abuts against each other, and the second lower rotating member abuts against the inclined second lower surface. Therefore, the movable element can be arranged between the upper guide member and the lower guide member in a stable state.

又，即便上部傾斜面及下部傾斜面彎曲，仍可以在可動件與上部導引構件於第一水平方向相對移動時，使第一上部轉動件及第二上部轉動件之其中任一個不與上部傾斜面分離而是轉動於上部傾斜面，且在可動件與下部導引構件於第二水平方向相對移動時，使第一下部轉動件及第二下部轉動件之其中任一個不與下部傾斜面分離而是轉動於下部傾斜面。因此，可以透過可動件始終穩定地支承承重。 In addition, even if the upper inclined surface and the lower inclined surface are curved, when the movable element and the upper guide member move relative to each other in the first horizontal direction, any one of the first upper rotating member and the second upper rotating member can not be with the upper part. The inclined surface separates but rotates on the upper inclined surface, and when the movable member and the lower guide member move relatively in the second horizontal direction, any one of the first lower rotating member and the second lower rotating member is not inclined to the lower part The surface separates but rotates on the lower inclined surface. Therefore, the load can be stably supported at all times through the movable element.

又，本發明之避震機構，其中前述可動件係具有上部抵接構件及下部抵接構件，前述上部抵接構件係固定於前述本體部而自前述第二水平方向夾置前述上部導引構件並抵接於前述上部導引構件，前述下部抵接構件係固定於前述本體部而自前述第一水平方向夾置前述下部導引構件並抵接於前述下部導引構件。 In addition, in the shock-absorbing mechanism of the present invention, the movable element has an upper abutment member and a lower abutment member, and the upper abutment member is fixed to the front The body portion sandwiches the upper guide member from the second horizontal direction and abuts against the upper guide member, and the lower abutment member is fixed to the body portion and sandwiches the lower guide member from the first horizontal direction. The guide member abuts against the aforementioned lower guide member.

根據前述避震機構，可動件能沿著上部導引構件及下部導引構件而移動，從而防止可動件從上部導引構件及下部導引構件脫落。 According to the aforementioned shock-absorbing mechanism, the movable element can move along the upper guide member and the lower guide member, thereby preventing the movable element from falling off from the upper guide member and the lower guide member.

又，本發明之避震機構，其中前述上部轉動件及前述下部轉動件亦能夠繞各自之軸線旋轉地固定於前述本體部。 In addition, in the shock-absorbing mechanism of the present invention, the upper rotating member and the lower rotating member are also fixed to the main body so as to be rotatable about their respective axes.

根據前述避震機構，由於上部轉動件及下部轉動件並無對本體部相對移動，所以相較於上部轉動件及下部轉動件未固定於本體部而對本體部相對移動的情況能縮小本體部的尺寸。 According to the aforementioned shock-absorbing mechanism, since the upper rotating member and the lower rotating member do not move relative to the main body, the main body can be reduced compared to the case where the upper rotating member and the lower rotating member are not fixed to the main body and move relative to the main body. size of.

又，本發明之避震機構中前述上部轉動件及前述下部轉動件亦可為輥(roller)。 Furthermore, in the shock-absorbing mechanism of the present invention, the upper rotating member and the lower rotating member may also be rollers.

根據上述避震機構，相較於將軸承(bearing)(球體)用於上部轉動件及下部轉動件的情況可以增大上部轉動件及下部轉動件的耐受承重。 According to the above-mentioned shock-absorbing mechanism, the bearing capacity of the upper rotating part and the lower rotating part can be increased compared to the case where a bearing (sphere) is used for the upper rotating part and the lower rotating part.

根據本發明，能縮小可動件與上部傾斜面及下部傾斜面之間的摩擦係數，並能提升避震性能。 According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the movable member and the upper slope and the lower slope The friction coefficient between the surfaces, and can improve the shock absorption performance.

1‧‧‧避震機構 1‧‧‧Shock mechanism

2‧‧‧上部導引構件 2‧‧‧Upper guide member

3‧‧‧下部導引構件 3‧‧‧Lower guide member

4‧‧‧可動件 4‧‧‧movable parts

5‧‧‧交叉部 5‧‧‧Intersection

6‧‧‧構件 6‧‧‧Component

7‧‧‧(滑動支承的)避震機構 7‧‧‧(Sliding supported) shock-absorbing mechanism

11‧‧‧上部構造體 11‧‧‧Superstructure

12‧‧‧下部構造體 12‧‧‧Lower structure

13‧‧‧避震層 13‧‧‧Shock layer

21‧‧‧上部傾斜面 21‧‧‧Upper inclined surface

22‧‧‧固定板部 22‧‧‧Fixed plate

23‧‧‧固定板部 23‧‧‧Fixed plate

21a‧‧‧上部彎曲部 21a‧‧‧Upper bending part

31‧‧‧下部傾斜面 31‧‧‧Lower slope

31a‧‧‧下部彎曲部 31a‧‧‧Lower bending part

32‧‧‧固定板部 32‧‧‧Fixed plate

41‧‧‧本體部 41‧‧‧Main body

42‧‧‧上部轉動件 42‧‧‧Upper rotating part

42A‧‧‧中央上部轉動件 42A‧‧‧Central upper rotating part

42B‧‧‧第一上部轉動件 42B‧‧‧The first upper rotating part

42C‧‧‧第二上部轉動件 42C‧‧‧The second upper rotating part

43‧‧‧下部轉動件 43‧‧‧Lower rotating part

43A‧‧‧中央下部轉動件 43A‧‧‧Lower central rotating part

43B‧‧‧第一下部轉動件 43B‧‧‧The first lower rotating part

43C‧‧‧第二下部轉動件 43C‧‧‧The second lower rotating part

411‧‧‧基部 411‧‧‧Base

412‧‧‧上部突出板部(上部抵接構件) 412‧‧‧Upper projecting plate (upper contact member)

413‧‧‧下部突出板部(下部抵接構件) 413‧‧‧Lower protruding plate (lower abutment member)

414‧‧‧滑動材料 414‧‧‧Sliding material

415‧‧‧滑動材料 415‧‧‧Sliding material

F‧‧‧復原力(水平力) F‧‧‧Resilience (horizontal force)

W‧‧‧軸力(自身重量) W‧‧‧Axial force (own weight)

θ‧‧‧傾斜角 θ‧‧‧Inclination angle

圖1係顯示自X方向所觀察到的本發明之實施形態的避震機構之一例的示意圖。 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the shock-absorbing mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention viewed from the X direction.

圖2係顯示自Y方向所觀察到的本發明之實施形態的避震機構之一例的示意圖。 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the shock-absorbing mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention viewed from the Y direction.

圖3係顯示本發明之實施形態的避震機構之一例的分解立體圖。 Fig. 3 is an exploded perspective view showing an example of the shock-absorbing mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention.

圖4係本發明之實施形態的避震機構之俯視圖。 Fig. 4 is a plan view of the shock-absorbing mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention.

圖5係說明下部導引構件與可動件相對位移後之樣態的說明圖。 Fig. 5 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the state after the lower guide member and the movable element are relatively displaced.

圖6係說明下部導引構件與可動件相對位移後之另一樣態的說明圖。 6 is an explanatory diagram illustrating another aspect after the lower guide member and the movable element are relatively displaced.

圖7係說明上部導引構件與可動件相對位移後之樣態的說明圖。 Fig. 7 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the state after the upper guide member and the movable element are relatively displaced.

圖8係說明上部導引構件與可動件相對位移後之另一樣態的說明圖。 Fig. 8 is an explanatory diagram illustrating another aspect after the upper guide member and the movable element are relatively displaced.

圖9係說明復原力的說明圖。 Fig. 9 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the resilience.

圖10係說明復原力特性(承重-變形關係)的說明圖。 Fig. 10 is an explanatory diagram explaining the characteristics of restoring force (load-bearing-deformation relationship).

圖11係說明滑動式避震機構之復原力特性(承重-變形關係)的說明圖。 Fig. 11 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the restoring force characteristics (load-deformation relationship) of the sliding type suspension mechanism.

圖12係說明下部傾斜面之另一形態的說明圖。 Fig. 12 is an explanatory diagram illustrating another form of the lower inclined surface.

圖13係說明並用本實施形態的避震機構和滑動式避震機構之樣態的說明圖。 Figure 13 illustrates the combination of the shock absorber and sliding avoidance of this embodiment An explanatory diagram of the state of the seismic mechanism.

以下，基於圖1至圖13說明根據本發明之實施形態的避震機構。 Hereinafter, the shock-absorbing mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described based on FIGS. 1 to 13.

如圖1及圖2所示，本實施形態的避震機構1係設置於上部構造體11與下部構造體12之間的避震層13。下部構造體12係由地基所支承。上部構造體11和下部構造體12係構成為能夠於水平方向相對位移。再者，在避震層13係設置有複數個避震機構1。 As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the shock-absorbing mechanism 1 of the present embodiment is provided on the shock-absorbing layer 13 between the upper structure 11 and the lower structure 12. The lower structure 12 is supported by the foundation. The upper structure 11 and the lower structure 12 are configured to be relatively displaceable in the horizontal direction. Furthermore, a plurality of suspension mechanisms 1 are provided on the suspension layer 13 system.

避震機構1係具有：上部導引構件2，其固定於上部構造體11之底部；下部導引構件3，其配置於上部導引構件2之下側且固定於下部構造體12之上部；以及可動件4，其夾設於上部導引構件2與下部導引件3之間。 The shock-absorbing mechanism 1 has: an upper guide member 2 fixed to the bottom of the upper structure 11; a lower guide member 3 disposed on the lower side of the upper guide member 2 and fixed on the upper part of the lower structure 12; And the movable element 4, which is sandwiched between the upper guide member 2 and the lower guide member 3.

上部導引構件2與下部導引構件3係構成能於水平方向相對位移，鉛直方向之相對位移係依水平方向之相對位移而被決定。 The upper guide member 2 and the lower guide member 3 are configured to be capable of relative displacement in the horizontal direction, and the relative displacement in the vertical direction is determined by the relative displacement in the horizontal direction.

如圖1至圖3所示，上部導引構件2係由長條的塊體(block)狀之構件所構成，且長邊方向被配置為面向第一水平方向(定為X方向)的方向。本實施形態中，上部導引構件2係透過平板狀之固定板部22而被固定於上部構造體11(參照圖1及圖2)。 As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the upper guide member 2 is composed of a long block-shaped member, and the longitudinal direction is arranged to face the first horizontal direction (determined as the X direction) . In this embodiment, the upper guide member 2 is fixed to the upper structure 11 through the flat plate-shaped fixing plate portion 22 (refer to FIGS. 1 and 2).

如圖2所示，上部導引構件2之下表面係沿著X方向形成為大致倒V字形狀之傾斜面，該傾斜面使X方向之大致中央部朝向上側成為凸狀。將此上部導引構件2之下表面作為上部傾斜面21，且將上部傾斜面21之大致中央部的彎曲部分作為上部彎曲部21a。 As shown in Figure 2, the lower surface of the upper guide member 2 is along the X direction It is formed as a substantially inverted V-shaped inclined surface, and the inclined surface makes the substantially central portion in the X direction convex toward the upper side. The lower surface of the upper guide member 2 is referred to as the upper inclined surface 21, and the curved portion of the substantially central portion of the upper inclined surface 21 is referred to as the upper curved portion 21a.

上部傾斜面21係使上部彎曲部21a之兩側分別形成為平面狀。上部傾斜面21當中之上部彎曲部21a的X方向之一側和另一側係分別形成為相同的傾斜角θ。在上部傾斜面21係分別設置有鐵氟龍(Teflon)(註冊商標)等的滑動材料。 The upper inclined surface 21 is formed by forming both sides of the upper curved portion 21a into a flat shape. One side and the other side in the X direction of the upper curved portion 21a of the upper inclined surface 21 are respectively formed at the same inclination angle θ. A sliding material such as Teflon (registered trademark) is provided on the upper inclined surface 21, respectively.

如圖1至圖3所示，下部導引構件3係由與上部導引構件2大致相同之長條的塊體狀之構件所構成，且長邊方向在俯視觀察下配置為正交於X方向的第二水平方向(作為Y方向)之方向。在本實施形態中，下部導引構件3係透過平板狀之固定板部32而被固定於下部構造體12(參照圖1及圖2)。 As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the lower guide member 3 is composed of a long block-shaped member substantially the same as the upper guide member 2, and the longitudinal direction is arranged orthogonal to X in a plan view. The direction of the second horizontal direction (as the Y direction). In this embodiment, the lower guide member 3 is fixed to the lower structure 12 through the flat plate-shaped fixing plate portion 32 (refer to FIGS. 1 and 2).

如圖1及圖3所示，下部導引構件3之上表面之沿著Y方向的Y方向之大致中央部係形成有朝下側凸出之大致V字形狀之傾斜面。將此下部導引構件3之上表面作為下部傾斜面31，且將下部傾斜面31之大致中央部所彎曲的部分作為下部彎曲部31a。 As shown in Figs. 1 and 3, the upper surface of the lower guide member 3 is formed with a substantially V-shaped inclined surface protruding downward in a substantially central portion in the Y direction along the Y direction. The upper surface of the lower guide member 3 is referred to as the lower inclined surface 31, and the portion where the substantially central portion of the lower inclined surface 31 is bent is referred to as the lower curved portion 31a.

下部傾斜面31係使下部彎曲部31a之兩側分別形成為平面狀。下部傾斜面31當中之下部彎曲部31a的Y方向之一側和另一側，係分別形成為相同的傾斜角θ。在下部傾斜面31係分別設置有鐵氟龍(註冊商標)等的滑動材料。 The lower inclined surface 31 is formed so that both sides of the lower curved portion 31a are formed into flat surfaces. One side and the other side in the Y direction of the lower curved portion 31a of the lower inclined surface 31 are respectively formed at the same inclination angle θ. At the bottom The inclined surfaces 31 are each provided with sliding materials such as Teflon (registered trademark).

如此的上部導引構件2與下部導引構件3係以隔出間隔予以重疊的方式配置於上下方向。如圖4所示，在上部導引構件2與下部導引構件3之間的由上部導引構件2和下部導引構件3之於上下方向所重疊而成的交叉部5配置有可動件4。 Such upper guide member 2 and lower guide member 3 are arranged in the vertical direction so as to overlap with an interval. As shown in FIG. 4, a movable element 4 is arranged at an intersection 5 between the upper guide member 2 and the lower guide member 3, where the upper guide member 2 and the lower guide member 3 overlap in the vertical direction. .

如圖1至圖3所示，可動件4係具有：本體部41；複數個(本實施形態中為三個)上部轉動件42、42、42，其設置於本體部41之上部；以及複數個(本實施形態中為三個)下部轉動件43、43、43，其設置於本體部41之下部。 As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the movable element 4 has: a main body 41; a plurality of (three in this embodiment) upper rotating elements 42, 42, 42 which are provided on the upper part of the main body 41; and There are three (three in this embodiment) lower rotating parts 43, 43, 43, which are arranged at the lower part of the main body 41.

本體部41係具備：基部411，其形成為大致長方體狀；一對上部突出板部(上部抵接構件)412、412(參照圖1及圖3)，其從基部411朝向上側突出；以及一對下部突出板部(下部抵接構件)413、413(參照圖2及圖3)，其從基部411朝向下側突出。 The main body 41 is provided with: a base 411 formed in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape; a pair of upper protruding plate portions (upper abutting members) 412, 412 (refer to FIGS. 1 and 3) which protrude upward from the base 411; and a The lower protruding plate portions (lower abutting members) 413 and 413 (see FIGS. 2 and 3) protrude from the base 411 toward the lower side.

基部411係以上表面及下表面分別朝向上下方向，相對向的一對側面分別朝向X方向，其他的相對向的一對側面分別朝向Y方向的方向的方式配置。 The base 411 is arranged in such a manner that the upper surface and the lower surface respectively face the vertical direction, the pair of opposed side faces each face the X direction, and the other pair of opposed side faces each face the Y direction.

一對上部突出板部412、412係分別自基部411之Y方向的兩端部突出於上側，且各個板面形成為朝向Y方向的平板狀。在一對上部突出板部412、412之間係配置有三個上部轉動件42、42、42。 The pair of upper protruding plate portions 412 and 412 respectively protrude to the upper side from both ends of the base portion 411 in the Y direction, and each plate surface is formed in a flat plate shape facing the Y direction. Between the pair of upper protruding plates 412, 412, three An upper rotating piece 42, 42, 42.

在一對上部突出板部412、412之相互對向的表面中的上端部附近係分別設置有鐵氟龍(註冊商標)等的滑動材料414、414(參照圖1及圖3)。 Sliding materials 414, 414 such as Teflon (registered trademark) are respectively provided near the upper ends of the surfaces of the pair of upper protruding plate portions 412, 412 facing each other (refer to FIGS. 1 and 3).

一對上部突出板部412、412之各個上端部附近，係構成為：比三個上部轉動件42、42、42更朝向上側突出，當可動件4配置於上部導引構件2之下側時，就以將上部導引構件2從Y方向之兩側夾入的方式配置於上部導引構件2之側方且分別設置的滑動材料414、414與上部導引構件2之側面抵接。 The vicinity of the respective upper ends of the pair of upper protruding plate portions 412, 412 are configured to protrude upward than the three upper rotating members 42, 42, 42. When the movable element 4 is arranged below the upper guide member 2 , The upper guide member 2 is arranged on the side of the upper guide member 2 so as to sandwich the upper guide member 2 from both sides in the Y direction, and the respective sliding materials 414 and 414 are in contact with the side surface of the upper guide member 2.

一對下部突出板部413、413係從基部411之X方向的兩端部分別朝向下側突出，且各個板面形成為朝向X方向的平板狀。在一對下部突出板部413、413之間係配置有三個下部轉動件43、43、43。 The pair of lower protruding plate portions 413 and 413 respectively protrude downward from both ends of the base portion 411 in the X direction, and each plate surface is formed in a flat plate shape facing the X direction. Three lower rotating members 43, 43, 43 are arranged between the pair of lower protruding plate portions 413, 413.

在一對下部突出板部413、413之相互對向的表面中的上端部附近，係分別設置有鐵氟龍(註冊商標)等的滑動材料415、415(參照圖2及圖3)。 Sliding materials 415, 415, such as Teflon (registered trademark), are respectively provided near the upper end of the surfaces of the pair of lower protruding plate portions 413, 413 facing each other (see FIGS. 2 and 3).

一對下部突出板部413、413之各個下端部附近，係構成為：比三個下部轉動件43、43、43更朝向下側突出，當可動件4配置於下部導引構件3之上側時，就以將下部導引構件3從X方向之兩側夾入的方式配置於下部導引構件3之側方且分別設置的滑動材料415、415與下部導引構件3之側面抵接。 The vicinity of the respective lower ends of the pair of lower protruding plate portions 413, 413 are configured to protrude downward than the three lower rotating parts 43, 43, 43, when the movable element 4 is arranged above the lower guide member 3 , It is arranged on the side of the lower guide member 3 such that the lower guide member 3 is sandwiched from both sides in the X direction, and the sliding materials 415, 415 respectively provided abut against the side surface of the lower guide member 3.

三個上部轉動件42、42、42係分別由大致圓柱狀之輥所構成，且分別以軸線延伸於Y方向之姿勢配置於一對上部突出板部412、412之間。三個上部轉動件42、42、42係分別能夠繞軸線旋轉地支承於一對上部突出板部412、412。 The three upper rotating members 42, 42 and 42 are respectively composed of substantially cylindrical rollers, and are respectively arranged between a pair of upper protruding plate portions 412 and 412 with the axis extending in the Y direction. The three upper rotating members 42, 42, 42 are respectively supported by a pair of upper protruding plate portions 412, 412 so as to be rotatable about an axis.

三個上部轉動件42、42、42係排列於X方向。三個上部轉動件42、42、42當中之配置於排列之中央的中央上部轉動件42A係配置於比第一上部轉動件42B及第二上部轉動件42C更靠上側，該第一上部轉動件42B係配置於比中央上部轉動件42A更靠X方向之一側，該第二上部轉動件42C配置於比中央上部轉動件42A更靠X方向之另一側。 The three upper rotating parts 42, 42, 42 are arranged in the X direction. Among the three upper rotating members 42, 42 and 42, the central upper rotating member 42A, which is arranged in the center of the arrangement, is arranged above the first upper rotating member 42B and the second upper rotating member 42C. The first upper rotating member 42B is arranged on one side in the X direction than the central upper turning element 42A, and the second upper turning element 42C is arranged on the other side in the X direction than the central upper turning element 42A.

三個下部轉動件43、43、43係分別由大致圓柱狀之輥所構成，且分別以軸線延伸於X方向之姿勢而配置於一對下部突出板部413、413之間。三個下部轉動件43、43、43係分別能夠繞軸線旋轉地支承於一對下部突出板部413、413。 The three lower rotating members 43, 43, 43 are respectively composed of substantially cylindrical rollers, and are respectively arranged between a pair of lower protruding plate portions 413, 413 with an axis extending in the X direction. The three lower rotating members 43, 43, 43 are respectively supported by a pair of lower protruding plate portions 413, 413 so as to be rotatable about an axis.

三個下部轉動件43、43、43係排列於Y方向。三個下部轉動件43、43、43當中之配置於排列之中央的中央下部轉動件43A，係配置於比第一下部轉動件43B及第二下部轉動件43C更靠下側，該第一下部轉動件43B係配置於比中央下部轉動件43A更靠Y方向之一側，該第二下部轉動件43C配置於比中央下部轉動件43A更靠Y方向之另一側。 The three lower rotating parts 43, 43, 43 are arranged in the Y direction. Among the three lower rotating members 43, 43, 43, the central lower rotating member 43A, which is arranged in the center of the arrangement, is arranged on the lower side than the first lower rotating member 43B and the second lower rotating member 43C. The lower rotating member 43B is arranged on one side of the Y direction more than the central lower rotating member 43A, and the second lower rotating member The moving element 43C is arranged on the other side in the Y direction than the central lower rotating element 43A.

如此的避震機構1係在初始狀態下使上部導引構件2之X方向的中央部和下部導引構件3之Y方向的中央部重疊於上下方向，且在上部導引構件2之X方向的中央部與下部導引構件3之Y方向的中央部之間配置有可動件4。 Such a shock-absorbing mechanism 1 is in the initial state so that the center part of the upper guide member 2 in the X direction and the center part of the lower guide member 3 in the Y direction overlap in the vertical direction, and in the X direction of the upper guide member 2 The movable element 4 is arranged between the center portion of the lower guide member 3 and the center portion in the Y direction.

三個上部轉動件42、42、42係分別與上部傾斜面21相抵接，中央上部轉動件42A則配置於上部傾斜面21的上部彎曲部21a之下側。 The three upper rotating members 42, 42, and 42 are in contact with the upper inclined surface 21, respectively, and the central upper rotating member 42A is arranged below the upper curved portion 21 a of the upper inclined surface 21.

三個下部轉動件43、43、43係分別與下部傾斜面31相抵接，中央下部轉動件43A則配置於下部傾斜面31的下部彎曲部31a之上側。 The three lower rotating members 43, 43, and 43 abut against the lower inclined surface 31 respectively, and the central lower rotating member 43A is arranged above the lower curved portion 31 a of the lower inclined surface 31.

接著說明避震機構1之動作。 Next, the operation of the suspension mechanism 1 will be described.

如圖5至圖8所示，當地震發生而上部構造體11與下部構造體12於水平方向相對位移，上部導引構件2與下部導引構件3於水平方向相對位移相對位移，且交叉部5相對上部導引構件2與下部導引構件3而移動。 As shown in Figures 5 to 8, when an earthquake occurs and the upper structure 11 and the lower structure 12 are relatively displaced in the horizontal direction, the upper guide member 2 and the lower guide member 3 are relatively displaced in the horizontal direction, and the intersection portion 5 Moves relative to the upper guide member 2 and the lower guide member 3.

可動件4係始終配置於上部導引構件2和下部導引構件3之間的交叉部5。因此，當自圖1及圖2所示的初始狀態，成為圖5及圖6所示的可動件4與下部導引構件3於Y方向相對移動的狀態時，可動件4相對下部導引構件3的位置就成為比初始狀態更高的位置，且在上部構造體 11蓄積位能(potential energy)(位置能量)。又，如圖7及圖8所示，當自初始狀態成為可動件4和上部導引構件2於X方向相對移動的狀態時，上部導引構件2相對可動件4的位置就成為比初始狀態更高的位置，且在上部構造體11蓄積位能(位置能量)。 The movable element 4 is always arranged at the intersection 5 between the upper guide member 2 and the lower guide member 3. Therefore, when the movable element 4 and the lower guide member 3 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 move relative to each other in the Y direction from the initial state shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the movable element 4 relative to the lower guide member The position of 3 becomes a higher position than the initial state, and in the upper structure 11 Accumulate potential energy (position energy). 7 and 8, when the movable element 4 and the upper guide member 2 are relatively moved in the X direction from the initial state, the position of the upper guide member 2 relative to the movable element 4 becomes higher than the initial state. At a higher position, potential energy (positional energy) is accumulated in the upper structure 11.

如圖1所示，可動件4的三個下部轉動件43、43、43係在初始狀態下分別與下部傾斜面31相抵接，而三個上部轉動件42、42、42則在初始狀態下分別與上部傾斜面21相抵接。 As shown in Figure 1, the three lower rotating members 43, 43, 43 of the movable member 4 are in the initial state and respectively abut the lower inclined surface 31, while the three upper rotating members 42, 42, 42 are in the initial state. Each abuts on the upper inclined surface 21.

如圖5所示，當以可動件4相對於下部導引構件3朝向Y方向一側移動的方式使可動件4和下部導引構件3相對移動時，三個下部轉動件43、43、43當中之中央下部轉動件43A及第一下部轉動件43B係與下部傾斜面31相抵接，而第二下部轉動件43C則與下部傾斜面31分離。又，如圖6所示，當以可動件4相對於下部導引構件3朝向Y方向另一側移動的方式使可動件4和下部導引構件3相對移動時，中央下部轉動件43A及第二下部轉動件43C係與下部傾斜面31相抵接，而第一下部轉動件43B則與下部傾斜面31分離。 As shown in FIG. 5, when the movable element 4 and the lower guide member 3 are relatively moved in such a manner that the movable element 4 moves toward the Y direction side relative to the lower guide member 3, the three lower rotating members 43, 43, 43 The central lower rotating member 43A and the first lower rotating member 43B are in contact with the lower inclined surface 31, and the second lower rotating member 43C is separated from the lower inclined surface 31. Also, as shown in FIG. 6, when the movable element 4 and the lower guide member 3 are relatively moved in such a manner that the movable element 4 moves toward the other side in the Y direction relative to the lower guide member 3, the central lower pivoting element 43A and the second The two lower rotating members 43C abut against the lower inclined surface 31, and the first lower rotating member 43B is separated from the lower inclined surface 31.

如圖7所示，當以可動件4相對於上部導引構件2朝向X方向一側移動的方式使可動件4和上部導引構件2相對移動時，三個上部轉動件42、42、42當中之中央上部轉動件42A及第一上部轉動件42B係與上部傾斜面21相抵接，而第二上部轉動件42C則與上部傾斜面21分離。又，如圖8所示，當以可動件4相對於上部導引構件2朝向X方向另一側移動的方式使可動件4和上部導引構件2相對移動時，中央上部轉動件42A及第二上部轉動件42C係與上部傾斜面21相抵接，而第一上部轉動件42B則與上部傾斜面21分離。 As shown in FIG. 7, when the movable element 4 and the upper guide member 2 are relatively moved in such a manner that the movable element 4 moves toward the X direction side relative to the upper guide member 2, the three upper rotating members 42, 42, 42 Middle-upper turn The moving element 42A and the first upper rotating element 42B abut against the upper inclined surface 21, and the second upper rotating element 42C is separated from the upper inclined surface 21. Also, as shown in FIG. 8, when the movable element 4 and the upper guide member 2 are relatively moved in such a manner that the movable element 4 moves toward the other side in the X direction relative to the upper guide member 2, the central upper pivoting element 42A and the second The two upper rotating parts 42C abut against the upper inclined surface 21, and the first upper rotating part 42B is separated from the upper inclined surface 21.

如圖9所示，當將避震機構1所支承的軸力(自身重量)設為W時，取決於下部傾斜面31之傾斜的復原力(水平力)F就能作為相對於水平面的傾斜角θ而以下面數式(1)來表示。再者，有關取決於上部傾斜面21之傾斜的復原力亦能同樣表示。 As shown in Figure 9, when the axial force (own weight) supported by the shock-absorbing mechanism 1 is set to W, the restoring force (horizontal force) F depending on the inclination of the lower inclined surface 31 can be regarded as the inclination relative to the horizontal plane. The angle θ is expressed by the following equation (1). Furthermore, the restoring force depending on the inclination of the upper inclined surface 21 can also be expressed in the same way.

[數式1]F=Wtan θ…(1) [Numerical formula 1] F=Wtan θ…(1)

將本實施形態的避震機構1之復原力特性(承重-變形關係)顯示於圖10。滾動摩擦阻力(μ W)係設定成比傾斜復原力(Wtan θ)還小，而將取決於摩擦的復原力特性、以及取決於傾斜的復原力特性之兩者予以合成所得者則成為本實施形態的避震機構1之復原力特性。 The restoring force characteristic (load-deformation relationship) of the shock-absorbing mechanism 1 of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 10. The rolling friction resistance (μ W) is set to be smaller than the tilt restoring force (Wtan θ), and the combination of the restoring force characteristics that depend on friction and the restoring force characteristics that depend on tilt becomes this embodiment The resilience characteristics of the shock-absorbing mechanism 1 of the form.

將習知滑動式避震機構之復原力特性(承重-變形關係)顯示於圖11，該習知滑動式避震機構與如本實施形態之可動件4具有上部轉動件42及下部轉動件43的避震機構1不同而是具有可動件滑動於上部傾斜面21及下部傾斜面31之滑動件。 The restoring force characteristics (load-deformation relationship) of the conventional sliding type suspension mechanism are shown in FIG. 11. The conventional sliding type suspension mechanism is similar to that of the present embodiment. The moving element 4 has an upper rotating element 42 and a lower rotating element 43, which is different from the shock-absorbing mechanism 1 but has a sliding element in which the movable element slides on the upper inclined surface 21 and the lower inclined surface 31.

將圖10和圖11進行比較即可得知，因在習知的滑動式避震機構中與本實施形態的避震機構1相較其摩擦係數μ變大，故而水平最大承重或履歷迴路(resume loop)面積會變大。 Comparing FIGS. 10 and 11, it can be seen that the friction coefficient μ of the conventional sliding type suspension mechanism is larger than that of the suspension mechanism 1 of this embodiment, so the horizontal maximum load-bearing or history circuit ( resume loop) area will become larger.

接下來使用圖式說明前述的避震機構1之作用、功效。 Next, the functions and effects of the aforementioned shock-absorbing mechanism 1 will be explained using figures.

上述之本實施形態的避震機構1係由滾動支承所構成，該滾動支承係在上部導引構件2和下部導引構件3於水平方向相對位移時，可動件4之上部轉動件42沿著上部傾斜面21轉動且下部轉動件43沿著下部傾斜面31轉動。因此，與由可動件滑動於上部傾斜面21及下部傾斜面31的滑動支承所構成的習知滑動式避震機構等相比，本實施形態的避震機構1能縮小可動件4與上部傾斜面21之間的摩擦係數、以及縮小可動件4與下部傾斜面31之間的摩擦係數。 The above-mentioned shock-absorbing mechanism 1 of this embodiment is composed of a rolling bearing. When the upper guide member 2 and the lower guide member 3 are relatively displaced in the horizontal direction, the upper rotating member 42 of the movable member 4 follows The upper inclined surface 21 rotates and the lower rotating member 43 rotates along the lower inclined surface 31. Therefore, compared with the conventional sliding type suspension mechanism composed of sliding supports of the movable element sliding on the upper inclined surface 21 and the lower inclined surface 31, the suspension mechanism 1 of the present embodiment can reduce the movable element 4 and the upper inclined surface. The coefficient of friction between the surfaces 21 and the coefficient of friction between the movable element 4 and the lower inclined surface 31 are reduced.

藉此，由於可透過避震機構1縮小自下部構造體12傳遞至上部構造體11的振動，所以能有效地縮小地震時的上部構造體11之回應加速度，從而提升避震性能。 Thereby, since the vibration transmitted from the lower structure 12 to the upper structure 11 can be reduced by the shock-absorbing mechanism 1, the response acceleration of the upper structure 11 during an earthquake can be effectively reduced, thereby improving the shock-absorbing performance.

在由一般之滑動支承所構成的滑動式避震機構中，可動件與上部傾斜面21之間的摩擦係數、以及可動件與下部傾斜面31之間的摩擦係數μ約為0.1左右。相對於此，在本實施形態的避震機構1中係成為摩擦係數μ<0.01。 In a sliding type suspension mechanism composed of a general sliding support, the friction coefficient between the movable element and the upper inclined surface 21 and the friction coefficient μ between the movable element and the lower inclined surface 31 are about 0.1. In contrast to this, in In the suspension mechanism 1 of the present embodiment, the friction coefficient μ<0.01 is achieved.

在本實施形態的避震機構1中，由於上部轉動件42及下部轉動件43為輥，故與將軸承(球體)用於上部轉動件42及下部轉動件43的情況相比能增大可動件4的耐受承重。 In the shock-absorbing mechanism 1 of the present embodiment, since the upper rotating member 42 and the lower rotating member 43 are rollers, it is possible to increase the mobility compared with the case where bearings (spheres) are used for the upper rotating member 42 and the lower rotating member 43. The bearing capacity of piece 4.

在本實施形態的避震機構1中，上部轉動件42及下部轉動件43係固定於本體部41。相對於此，在上部轉動件42及下部轉動件43並未固定於本體部41的情況下，有必要在本體部41形成供上部轉動件42及下部轉動件43轉動用的轉動面。然而，在本實施形態中，因沒有必要將如此的轉動面形成於本體部41，故可以減小可動件4(本體部41)的尺寸。 In the shock-absorbing mechanism 1 of this embodiment, the upper turning member 42 and the lower turning member 43 are fixed to the main body 41. In contrast, when the upper turning member 42 and the lower turning member 43 are not fixed to the main body portion 41, it is necessary to form a turning surface for the upper turning member 42 and the lower turning member 43 to rotate in the main body portion 41. However, in this embodiment, it is not necessary to form such a rotating surface on the main body 41, so the size of the movable element 4 (main body 41) can be reduced.

在本實施形態中，因是將滾動摩擦阻力(μ W)設定為比傾斜復原力(Wtan θ)更小，故而可以抑制(消除)剩餘位移。 In this embodiment, since the rolling friction resistance (μ W) is set to be smaller than the tilt restoring force (Wtan θ), the residual displacement can be suppressed (eliminated).

在本實施形態中，可動件4係具有一對上部突出板部412、412及一對下部突出板部413、413，該一對上部突出板部412、412係配置為抵接於上部導引構件2之側方，該一對下部突出板部413、413係配置為抵接於下部導引構件3之側方，藉此可以防止可動件4從上部導引構件2及下部導引構件3脫落。 In this embodiment, the movable element 4 has a pair of upper protruding plate portions 412, 412 and a pair of lower protruding plate portions 413, 413, and the pair of upper protruding plate portions 412, 412 are arranged to abut on the upper guide On the side of the member 2, the pair of lower protruding plate portions 413, 413 are arranged to abut on the side of the lower guide member 3, thereby preventing the movable element 4 from coming from the upper guide member 2 and the lower guide member 3 Fall off.

在本實施形態中，係在可動件4設置有複數個上部轉動件42、42、…以及複數個下部轉動件43、43、…。藉此，與在可動件4逐個設置有上部轉動件42及下部轉動件43的情況相較，因可動件4能以穩定的狀態下配置於上部導引構件2與下部導引構件3之間，並且能減小上部轉動件42及下部轉動件43之每一個的耐受承重，故可以減小上部轉動件42及下部轉動件43之每一個的尺寸。 In the present embodiment, the movable element 4 is provided with a plurality of upper turning elements 42, 42, ... and a plurality of lower turning elements 43, 43, .... As a result, compared with the case where the upper turning member 42 and the lower turning member 43 are provided one by one in the movable member 4, the movable member 4 can be disposed between the upper guide member 2 and the lower guide member 3 in a stable state , And can reduce the bearing capacity of each of the upper rotating member 42 and the lower rotating member 43, so the size of each of the upper rotating member 42 and the lower rotating member 43 can be reduced.

在本實施形態中，可動件4的三個上部轉動件42、42、42係自Y方向觀察時，使配置於排列之中央的中央上部轉動件42A成為比配置於排列之外側的第一上部轉動件42B及第二上部轉動件42C更靠上側，並且三個下部轉動件43、43、43係自X方向觀察時，使配置於排列之中央的中央下部轉動件43A成為比配置於排列之外側的第一下部轉動件43B及第二下部轉動件43C更靠下側。 In the present embodiment, when the three upper turning elements 42, 42, 42 of the movable element 4 are viewed from the Y direction, the central upper turning element 42A arranged in the center of the array becomes the first upper part arranged on the outer side of the array. The rotating member 42B and the second upper rotating member 42C are more on the upper side, and when the three lower rotating members 43, 43, 43 are viewed from the X direction, the central lower rotating member 43A arranged in the center of the array becomes more The outer first lower rotating member 43B and the second lower rotating member 43C are further to the lower side.

藉此，在初始狀態下，全部的上部轉動件42、42、42會與上部傾斜面21相抵接，並且全部的下部轉動件43、43、43會與下部傾斜面31相抵接。因此，在初始狀態(未發生位移的狀態)下，可動件4能以穩定的狀態下配置於上部導引構件2與下部導引構件3之間。 Thereby, in the initial state, all the upper turning elements 42, 42, and 42 will abut on the upper inclined surface 21, and all the lower turning elements 43, 43, and 43 will abut on the lower inclined surface 31. Therefore, in the initial state (the state in which no displacement occurs), the movable element 4 can be disposed between the upper guide member 2 and the lower guide member 3 in a stable state.

又，在上部導引構件2和下部導引構件3自初始狀態於水平方向相對移動的情況下，中央上部轉動件42A、和第一上部轉動件42B或第二上部轉動件42C會與上部傾斜面21相抵接，並且中央下部轉動件43A、和第一下部轉動件43B或第二下部轉動件43C會與下部傾斜面31相抵接。因此，可動件4不會相對於上部傾斜面21及下部傾斜面31搖晃，而能防止上部導引構件2和下部導引構件3於水平方向以外的方向相對移動。 In addition, in the case where the upper guide member 2 and the lower guide member 3 relatively move in the horizontal direction from the initial state, the central upper rotating member 42A, and The first upper rotating member 42B or the second upper rotating member 42C will abut the upper inclined surface 21, and the central lower rotating member 43A, and the first lower rotating member 43B or the second lower rotating member 43C will contact the lower inclined surface 31 Butt up. Therefore, the movable element 4 does not shake with respect to the upper inclined surface 21 and the lower inclined surface 31, and can prevent the upper guide member 2 and the lower guide member 3 from moving relative to each other in a direction other than the horizontal direction.

在本實施形態中，由於上部傾斜面21及下部傾斜面31為平面，藉此，與上部轉動件42及下部轉動件43轉動於圓弧面或球面的避震機構相較，傾斜復原力的位移量不會改變而成為固定。因此，即便是在自原位置起之位移量較小的情況下仍可以抑制剩餘位移。又，在本實施形態中，由於上部傾斜面21及下部傾斜面31為平面，藉此，與上部轉動件42及下部轉動件43轉動於圓弧面或球面的避震機構相較可以輕易地形成轉動面。又，如圖12所示，亦可以組合具有二個傾斜面的構件6、6來形成上部導引構件2及下部導引構件3。 In this embodiment, since the upper inclined surface 21 and the lower inclined surface 31 are flat surfaces, compared with the shock absorber mechanism in which the upper rotating member 42 and the lower rotating member 43 rotate on an arc or spherical surface, the inclined restoring force The displacement does not change and becomes fixed. Therefore, even when the amount of displacement from the original position is small, the remaining displacement can be suppressed. In addition, in this embodiment, since the upper inclined surface 21 and the lower inclined surface 31 are flat surfaces, it can be easily compared with a shock-absorbing mechanism in which the upper rotating member 42 and the lower rotating member 43 rotate on an arc surface or a spherical surface. Form a rotating surface. In addition, as shown in FIG. 12, the members 6 and 6 having two inclined surfaces may be combined to form the upper guide member 2 and the lower guide member 3.

又，在本實施形態的避震機構1中，藉由事先將傾斜復原力設定為比風載(wind load)還大，故不需要針對風的擋塊(stopper)。 In addition, in the suspension mechanism 1 of the present embodiment, since the tilt restoring force is set to be larger than the wind load in advance, a stopper for wind is not required.

因本實施形態的避震機構1係以上部導引構件2、下部導引構件3及可動件4為主的簡便構造，故而在設置施工時不需要特別的技術，而可以與一般的線性導引(linear guide)避震支承同樣地輕易施工。 Since the shock-absorbing mechanism 1 of this embodiment has a simple structure mainly consisting of the upper guide member 2, the lower guide member 3, and the movable element 4, it does not require special techniques during installation and construction, and can be compared with general linear guides. Cited (linear guide) The shock absorber support is also easy to construct.

以上，雖然已針對本發明的避震機構之實施形態加以說明，但是本發明並非被限定於上述的實施形態，而能夠在未脫離其趣旨的範圍內適當變更。 As mentioned above, although the embodiment of the shock-absorbing mechanism of the present invention has been described, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, and can be appropriately changed without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

例如，在上述的實施形態中，雖然可動件4具有三個上部轉動件42、42、42及三個下部轉動件43、43、43，但是上部轉動件42及下部轉動件43的數目係可適當設定。 For example, in the above-mentioned embodiment, although the movable member 4 has three upper rotating members 42, 42, 42 and three lower rotating members 43, 43, 43, the number of the upper rotating member 42 and the lower rotating member 43 may be Set appropriately.

又，在上述的實施形態中，雖然可動件4的三個上部轉動件42、42、42係從Y方向觀察時，使配置於排列之中央的中央上部轉動件42A成為比配置於排列之外側的第一上部轉動件42B及第二上部轉動件42C更靠上側，並且三個下部轉動件43、43、43係從X方向觀察時，使配置於排列之中央的中央下部轉動件43A成為比配置於排列之外側的第一下部轉動件43B及第二下部轉動件43C更靠下側，但是上部轉動件42及下部轉動件43的配置亦可適當設定。 Moreover, in the above-mentioned embodiment, although the three upper rotating elements 42, 42, 42 of the movable element 4 are viewed from the Y direction, the central upper rotating element 42A arranged in the center of the array is arranged to be more outside the array. The first upper turning member 42B and the second upper turning member 42C are more on the upper side, and the three lower turning members 43, 43, 43 are arranged in the center of the array when viewed from the X direction, so that the central lower turning member 43A arranged in the center of the array becomes more The first lower rotating member 43B and the second lower rotating member 43C arranged on the outer side of the arrangement are further down, but the arrangement of the upper rotating member 42 and the lower rotating member 43 can also be appropriately set.

又，在上述的實施形態中，雖然上部轉動件42及下部轉動件43為輥，但是亦可設為以軸承來取代輥。 In addition, in the above-mentioned embodiment, although the upper turning element 42 and the lower turning element 43 are rollers, a bearing may be used instead of a roller.

又，在上述的實施形態中，雖然在可動件4設置有上部突出板部412及下部突出板部413，但是亦可不設置。亦可不在上部導引構件2及下部導引構件3之傾斜面21、 31設置鐵氟龍(註冊商標)等的滑動材料。 In addition, in the above-mentioned embodiment, although the upper protruding plate portion 412 and the lower protruding plate portion 413 are provided in the movable element 4, they may not be provided. It may not be on the inclined surface 21, the upper guide member 2 and the lower guide member 3 31 Set sliding materials such as Teflon (registered trademark).

又，在上述的實施形態中，雖然可動件4的一對上部突出板部412、412分別透過滑動材料414、414來與上部導引構件2之側面相抵接，但是亦可不在一對上部突出板部412、412設置滑動材料414、414，亦可使一對上部突出板部412、412與上部導引構件2之側面分離。又，雖然可動件4的一對下部突出板部413、413分別透過滑動材料415、415來與下部導引構件3之側面相抵接，但是亦可不在一對下部突出板部413、413設置滑動材料415、415，亦可使一對下部突出板部413、413與下部導引構件3之側面分離。 In addition, in the above-mentioned embodiment, although the pair of upper protruding plate portions 412, 412 of the movable element 4 contact the side surfaces of the upper guide member 2 through the sliding materials 414, 414, respectively, the pair of upper protruding portions may not The plate parts 412 and 412 are provided with sliding materials 414 and 414, which can also separate the pair of upper protruding plate parts 412 and 412 from the side surface of the upper guide member 2. In addition, although the pair of lower protruding plate portions 413, 413 of the movable element 4 contact the side surface of the lower guide member 3 through the sliding materials 415, 415, respectively, the pair of lower protruding plate portions 413, 413 may not be provided with sliding The materials 415 and 415 can also separate the pair of lower protruding plates 413 and 413 from the side surface of the lower guide member 3.

又，亦可在避震層13設置習知之「傾斜滑動支承」的避震機構、以及本實施形態之「傾斜滾動支承」的避震機構之雙方。在此情況下，能藉由使各避震機構的上部傾斜面21及下部傾斜面31之傾斜角度θ設為相同，就可以將伴隨水平位移而來的鉛直位移設為在其中的任一個支承皆相同。 In addition, it is also possible to provide both the conventional "tilt sliding support" shock-absorbing mechanism and the "tilted rolling support" shock-absorbing mechanism of the present embodiment on the shock-absorbing layer 13. In this case, by making the inclination angle θ of the upper inclined surface 21 and the lower inclined surface 31 of each suspension mechanism the same, the vertical displacement accompanying the horizontal displacement can be supported by either one of them. All the same.

在設置有習知之「傾斜滑動支承」的避震機構、以及本實施形態之「傾斜滾動支承」的避震機構之雙方的情況下，等效的摩擦係數就成為各避震機構的承重平均，且成為相較於僅有一般之滑動支承的避震機構還大幅小的值。 When both the conventional "tilt sliding support" shock-absorbing mechanism and the "tilted rolling support" shock-absorbing mechanism of this embodiment are provided, the equivalent friction coefficient becomes the load-bearing average of each shock-absorbing mechanism. And the value is much smaller than that of a shock-absorbing mechanism with only general sliding support.

再者，因滾動支承的摩擦阻力非常小，故而有時承重變形關係中的履歷迴路面積亦較小，且幾乎未能取得衰減(振動不怎麼收斂)，但是可以藉由與履歷衰減較大的滑動支承一併設置來輕易地確保衰減。 Moreover, because the friction resistance of the rolling bearing is very small, it sometimes bears weight The area of the history loop in the deformation relationship is also small, and attenuation is hardly achieved (the vibration is not very convergent), but the attenuation can be easily ensured by installing a sliding support with a large history attenuation.

如圖13所示，在如同一個般地排列二個本實施形態之滾動支承的避震機構1、1以及一個滑動支承的避震機構7之雙方而成的避震層13中，等效的摩擦係數係能以下面數式(2)求出。 As shown in FIG. 13, in the shock-absorbing layer 13 formed by arranging two rolling-supported shock-absorbing mechanisms 1, 1 and one sliding-supported shock-absorbing mechanism 7 of this embodiment, it is equivalent The coefficient of friction can be calculated by the following equation (2).

又，在避震層13相對於X方向及Y方向之要求規格(避震層位移或加速度之限制條件)不同的情況下，亦可構成為：如本實施形態的轉動件、以及如「傾斜滑動支承」之避震機構7的滑動件之其中任一方轉動或滑動於下部傾斜面31，而另一方轉動或滑動於上部傾斜面21。 In addition, when the required specifications of the shock-absorbing layer 13 with respect to the X direction and the Y direction (limiting conditions for the displacement or acceleration of the shock-absorbing layer) are different, it can also be configured as the rotating member of this embodiment and the One of the sliders of the shock-absorbing mechanism 7 of the "sliding support" rotates or slides on the lower inclined surface 31, while the other rotates or slides on the upper inclined surface 21.

例如，想要在X方向大幅限制加速度，在Y方向大幅限制位移的情況下，係以延伸於X方向的方式來設置下部導引構件3，並且以延伸於Y方向的方式來設置上部導引構件2。然後，亦可設為可動件具有轉動件及滑動件的構成，該轉動件係轉動於如本實施形態的避震機構1之下部傾斜面31，該滑動件係滑動於如傾斜滑動支承的避震機構7之上部傾斜面21。 For example, if you want to greatly restrict acceleration in the X direction and greatly restrict displacement in the Y direction, install the lower guide member 3 so as to extend in the X direction, and install the upper guide so as to extend in the Y direction. Component 2. Then, it can also be set that the movable member has a rotating member and a sliding member, the rotating member is rotated on the lower inclined surface 31 of the shock-absorbing mechanism 1 according to this embodiment, and the sliding member is slid on the inclined sliding support. The upper inclined surface 21 of the shock mechanism 7.

(產業可利用性) (Industrial availability)

根據上述避震機構，能提供一種縮小傾斜面與可動件之摩擦係數的避震機構。 According to the above-mentioned shock-absorbing mechanism, it is possible to provide a shock-absorbing mechanism that reduces the coefficient of friction between the inclined surface and the movable element.

1‧‧‧避震機構 1‧‧‧Shock mechanism

2‧‧‧上部導引構件 2‧‧‧Upper guide member

3‧‧‧下部導引構件 3‧‧‧Lower guide member

4‧‧‧可動件 4‧‧‧movable parts

21‧‧‧上部傾斜面 21‧‧‧Upper inclined surface

31‧‧‧下部傾斜面 31‧‧‧Lower slope

31a‧‧‧下部彎曲部 31a‧‧‧Lower bending part

41‧‧‧本體部 41‧‧‧Main body

42‧‧‧上部轉動件 42‧‧‧Upper rotating part

43‧‧‧下部轉動件 43‧‧‧Lower rotating part

411‧‧‧基部 411‧‧‧Base

414‧‧‧滑動材料 414‧‧‧Sliding material

415‧‧‧滑動材料 415‧‧‧Sliding material

Claims

一種避震機構，係設置於上部構造體與下部構造體之間，且前述上部構造體與前述下部構造體係能於水平方向相對地移動，前述避震機構具有：上部導引構件，係固定於前述上部構造體之底部；下部導引構件，係固定於前述下部構造體之上部；以及可動件，係夾設於前述上部導引構件與前述下部導引件之間；前述上部導引構件係具有以沿著第一水平方向並朝向上側成為凸狀之方式傾斜的上部傾斜面；前述下部導引構件係具有以沿著正交於前述第一水平方向的第二水平方向並朝向下側成為凸狀之方式傾斜的下部傾斜面；前述可動件係具有：本體部；複數個上部轉動件，係能夠繞延伸於前述第二水平方向之軸線旋轉地設置於前述本體部之上部並能夠沿著前述上部傾斜面轉動；複數個下部轉動件，係能夠繞延伸於前述第一水平方向之軸線旋轉地設置於前述本體部之下部並能夠沿著前述下部傾斜面轉動；一對上部抵接構件，係固定於前述本體部，且自前述第二水平方向夾置前述上部導引構件並抵接於前述上部導引構件；以及一對下部抵接構件，係固定於前述本體部，且從前述第一水平方向夾置前述下部導引構件並抵接於前述下部導引構件；複數個前述上部轉動件係分別在一對前述上部抵接構件被直接支承成能夠繞著在前述第二水平方向延伸的軸線旋轉，且複數個前述上部轉動件係遍及一對前述上部抵接構件的間隔的大致全長而延伸之圓柱狀之輥，且恆常有兩個以上的前述上部轉動件與前述上部傾斜面抵接；複數個前述下部轉動件係分別在一對前述下部抵接構件被直接支承成能夠繞著在前述第一水平方向延伸的軸線旋轉，且複數個前述下部轉動件係遍及一對前述下部抵接構件的間隔的大致全長而延伸之圓柱狀之輥，且恆常有兩個以上的前述下部轉動件與前述下部傾斜面抵接。 A shock-absorbing mechanism is arranged between an upper structure and a lower structure, and the upper structure and the lower structure can move relatively in the horizontal direction. The shock-absorbing mechanism has: an upper guide member fixed to The bottom of the upper structure; the lower guide member, which is fixed to the upper part of the lower structure; and the movable element, which is sandwiched between the upper guide member and the lower guide; the upper guide member is It has an upper inclined surface that is inclined to be convex along the first horizontal direction and toward the upper side; the lower guide member has a second horizontal direction orthogonal to the first horizontal direction and is formed toward the lower side. A lower inclined surface inclined in a convex manner; the movable element has: a main body; a plurality of upper rotating elements are rotatably arranged on the upper part of the main body and can follow an axis extending in the second horizontal direction The upper inclined surface rotates; a plurality of lower rotating parts are rotatably arranged on the lower part of the main body portion about an axis extending in the first horizontal direction and can rotate along the lower inclined surface; a pair of upper abutting members, Is fixed to the main body, and sandwiches the upper guide member from the second horizontal direction and abuts against the upper guide member; and a pair of lower abutment members are fixed to the main body and from the first A horizontal direction sandwiching the aforementioned lower guide member and abutting against the aforementioned lower guide member; A plurality of the upper rotating members are respectively directly supported by a pair of the upper abutting members so as to be rotatable about an axis extending in the second horizontal direction, and the plurality of upper rotating members are spread over the pair of upper abutting members A cylindrical roller extending substantially the entire length of the interval, and there are always more than two upper rotating parts abutting the upper inclined surface; a plurality of the lower rotating parts are respectively connected to a pair of the lower abutting members It is directly supported so as to be able to rotate around an axis extending in the first horizontal direction, and a plurality of the lower rotating members are cylindrical rollers that extend substantially the entire length of the interval between the pair of lower abutting members, and there are always Two or more of the lower rotating members are in contact with the lower inclined surface.

如請求項1所記載之避震機構，其中前述上部傾斜面係於前述第一水平方向之中間部形成有上部彎曲部，且前述上部傾斜面係在比前述上部彎曲部更靠前述第一水平方向之一側形成有朝向前述第一水平方向之一側並逐漸朝向下側的平面狀之第一上部傾斜面，且前述上部傾斜面在比前述上部彎曲部更靠前述第一水平方向之另一側形成有朝向前述第一水平方向之另一側逐漸朝向下側的平面狀之第二上部傾斜面；前述下部傾斜面係於前述第二水平方向之中間部形成有下部彎曲部，且前述下部傾斜面係在比前述下部彎曲部更靠前述第二水平方向之一側形成有朝向前述第二水平方向之一側並逐漸朝向上側的平面狀之第一下部傾斜面，且前述下部傾斜面係在比前述下部彎曲部更靠前述第二水平方向之另一側形成有朝向前述第二水平方向之另一側並逐漸朝向上側的平面狀之第二下部傾斜面；在複數個前述上部轉動件係包含有：第一上部轉動件，係在初始狀態下與前述第一上部傾斜面抵接；以及第二上部轉動件，係在初始狀態下與前述第二上部傾斜面抵接；當前述可動件相對於前述上部導引構件從初始狀態朝向前述第一水平方向之一側移動時，前述第二上部轉動件就從前述第二上部傾斜面分離，並且前述第一上部轉動件轉動於前述第一上部傾斜面；當前述可動件相對於前述上部導引構件從初始狀態朝向前述第一水平方向之另一側移動時，前述第一上部轉動件就從前述第一上部傾斜面分離，並且前述第二上部轉動件轉動於前述第二上部傾斜面；在複數個前述下部轉動件係包含有：第一下部轉動件，係在初始狀態下與前述第一下部傾斜面抵接；以及第二下部轉動件，係在初始狀態下與前述第二下部傾斜面抵接；當前述可動件相對於前述下部導引構件從初始狀態朝向前述第二水平方向之一側移動時，前述第二下部轉動件就從前述第二下部傾斜面分離，並且前述第一下部轉動件轉動於前述第一下部傾斜面；當前述可動件相對於前述下部導引構件從初始狀態朝向前述第二水平方向之另一側移動時，前述第一下部轉動件就從前述第一下部傾斜面分離，並且前述第二下部轉動件轉動於前述第二下部傾斜面。 The shock-absorbing mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the upper inclined surface is formed with an upper curved portion in the middle portion of the first horizontal direction, and the upper inclined surface is located closer to the first level than the upper curved portion One side of the direction is formed with a flat first upper inclined surface facing one side of the first horizontal direction and gradually toward the lower side, and the upper inclined surface is located closer to the other of the first horizontal direction than the upper curved portion One side is formed with a planar second upper inclined surface that is gradually toward the lower side toward the other side of the first horizontal direction; the lower inclined surface is formed with a lower curved portion in the middle of the second horizontal direction, and The lower inclined surface is formed with a flat first lower inclined surface facing one side of the second horizontal direction and gradually toward the upper side on one side of the second horizontal direction than the lower curved portion, and the lower portion is inclined The surface is formed on the other side of the second horizontal direction than the lower curved portion is a flat second lower inclined surface facing the other side of the second horizontal direction and gradually toward the upper side; on the plurality of upper portions The rotating member includes: a first upper rotating member that abuts against the first upper inclined surface in the initial state; and The second upper rotating member is in contact with the second upper inclined surface in the initial state; when the movable member moves relative to the upper guide member from the initial state toward one side of the first horizontal direction, the second The upper rotating member is separated from the second upper inclined surface, and the first upper rotating member rotates on the first upper inclined surface; when the movable member is relative to the upper guide member from the initial state toward the first horizontal direction When the other side moves, the first upper rotating member is separated from the first upper inclined surface, and the second upper rotating member rotates on the second upper inclined surface; the plurality of lower rotating members includes: The lower rotating member is in the initial state to abut the first lower inclined surface; and the second lower rotating member is in the initial state to abut the second lower inclined surface; when the movable member is relative to When the lower guide member moves from the initial state toward one side of the second horizontal direction, the second lower rotating member is separated from the second lower inclined surface, and the first lower rotating member rotates on the first lower Part inclined surface; when the movable element moves from the initial state to the other side of the second horizontal direction with respect to the lower guide member, the first lower rotating member is separated from the first lower inclined surface, and The second lower rotating member rotates on the second lower inclined surface.