TWI708950B - Diagnosis device and method of electric machine, and rotating electric machine - Google Patents
Diagnosis device and method of electric machine, and rotating electric machine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
[課題] 提供可以高精度且簡單地對絕緣狀態進行診斷的電氣機械的診斷裝置及診斷方法，以及彼等所適用的旋轉電機。 [解決手段] 對電氣機械之絕緣狀態進行診斷的診斷裝置，具備：對流過電氣機械之繞線的電流進行檢測的電流感測器(2a、2b、2c)；依據電流感測器(2a、2b、2c)之訊號對電氣機械之對地漏電流進行計測的電流計測部(81)；及將經由電流計測部(81)計測的對地漏電流與對應於對地漏電流之初期值而事先被設定的臨限值進行比較的數據處理部(83)；對地漏電流之初期值係依據和電氣機械之特性或構造相關的資訊進行運算。[Question] To provide a diagnostic device and a diagnostic method for electrical machinery that can diagnose the insulation state with high accuracy and simple, and rotating electric machines to which they are applied. [Solution] A diagnostic device for diagnosing the insulation status of electrical machinery, including: current sensors (2a, 2b, 2c) that detect the current flowing through the windings of electrical machinery; according to current sensors (2a, The signal of 2b, 2c) measures the earth leakage current of the electric machine by the current measurement unit (81); and the earth leakage current measured by the current measurement unit (81) and the initial value corresponding to the earth leakage current are set in advance The data processing unit (83) for comparing the threshold value of the ground leakage current is calculated based on the information related to the characteristics or structure of the electrical machinery.
Description
本發明關於發電機或電動機等中之絕緣狀態進行診斷的電氣機械的診斷裝置及診斷方法、以及彼等所適用的旋轉電機。The present invention relates to a diagnosis device and a diagnosis method of an electrical machine for diagnosing the insulation state in a generator, a motor, etc., and a rotating electric machine to which they are applied.
發電機或電動機這樣的電氣機械之突發性的故障，會對用戶的系統整體帶來出乎意料的運作停止，或對社會生活帶來大的影響。又，東日本大震災以後，電力供給之餘量變少，發電所中的發電機之突發性故障對經濟面及社會面帶來大的影響。Sudden failures of electrical machinery such as generators or motors can cause unexpected operation stoppages of the user's system as a whole, or have a major impact on social life. In addition, after the Great East Japan Earthquake, the power supply margin decreased, and the sudden failure of generators in power plants had a major impact on the economy and society.
電氣機械之主要故障原因有和軸承等有關的機械的原因，或和絕緣性等有關的電氣的原因。藉由從構造上抑制彼等原因之發生，或對電氣機械適當地進行保養，可以防止突發性的故障。The main failure causes of electrical machinery are mechanical causes related to bearings, or electrical causes related to insulation. By suppressing the occurrence of these causes structurally, or properly maintaining electrical machinery, sudden failures can be prevented.
近年來，電氣機械基於材料或裝置構造中的技術的進歩，對於如可靠性與生產性這樣具有取捨關係的要件，可以在良好平衡下進行設計。但是，基於周圍環境或運作條件，電氣機器亦有可能發生故障，因此除了可靠性設計以外，高精度而且可以簡單地診斷故障原因之有無的診斷技術的重要性增加。In recent years, electrical machinery, based on advances in materials or device construction technologies, can be designed in a well-balanced manner with regard to factors such as reliability and productivity that have a trade-off relationship. However, electrical equipment may fail based on the surrounding environment or operating conditions. Therefore, in addition to reliability design, the importance of high-precision and simple diagnosis of the cause of the failure has increased in importance.
針對此，專利文獻1及專利文獻2記載的診斷技術為已知。In response to this, the diagnostic techniques described in
專利文獻1記載的診斷技術中，係對連接逆變器(Inverter)與負載機器(電動機等)的三相電纜中的零相電流進行計測，依據從計測的零相電流抽出的3次諧波成分及3n次諧波成分，對各相中的絕緣電阻值進行運算。The diagnostic technique described in
專利文獻2記載的診斷技術中，藉由在三相馬達之至少二相之引出線上分別安裝的電流感測器，及在三相分之引出線總括安裝的電流感測器，可以檢測出複數個劣化因素引起的電流振幅。
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]In the diagnosis technology described in
[專利文獻1] 特開2013-130440號公報 [專利文獻2] 特開2015-215275號公報[Patent Document 1] JP 2013-130440 A [Patent Document 2] JP 2015-215275 A
[發明所欲解決之課題][The problem to be solved by the invention]
上述之診斷技術中，係以絕緣電阻值之增減或變化率作為指標來判斷絕緣劣化，或將與正常時取得的數據之差異抽出來判斷絕緣劣化，但是針對基準值或臨限值之設定等高精度而且簡單地進行診斷之判斷手段未必有充分考慮。In the above-mentioned diagnostic technique, the insulation resistance value is increased or decreased or the rate of change is used as an index to judge insulation deterioration, or the difference from the data obtained at normal time is extracted to judge insulation deterioration, but the reference value or threshold value is set Such high-precision and simple diagnostic methods may not be fully considered.
於此，本發明提供可以高精度且簡單地診斷絕緣狀態的電氣機械的診斷裝置及診斷方法，以及彼等所適用的旋轉電機。 [用以解決課題的手段]Herein, the present invention provides a diagnosis device and a diagnosis method of an electric machine that can diagnose the insulation state with high accuracy and simple, and a rotating electric machine to which they are applied. [Means to solve the problem]
為了解決上述課題，本發明之電氣機械的診斷裝置，係對電氣機械之絕緣狀態進行診斷者，具備：電流感測器，對流過電氣機械之繞線的電流進行檢測；電流計測部，依據電流感測器之訊號對電氣機械之對地漏電流進行計測；及數據處理部，將經由電流計測部計測出的對地漏電流與對應於對地漏電流之初期值而事先被設定的臨限值進行比較；對地漏電流之初期值係依據和電氣機械之特性或構造相關的資訊進行運算。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the diagnostic device of the electrical machine of the present invention is a device that diagnoses the insulation state of the electrical machine, and includes a current sensor that detects the current flowing through the winding of the electrical machine; The signal of the sensor measures the ground leakage current of the electrical machinery; and the data processing section compares the ground leakage current measured by the current measurement section with the threshold value set in advance corresponding to the initial value of the ground leakage current ; The initial value of the ground leakage current is calculated based on the information related to the characteristics or structure of the electrical machinery.
為了解決上述課題，本發明之電氣機械的診斷方法，係對電氣機械之絕緣狀態進行診斷的方法，依據流過電氣機械之繞線的電流對電氣機械之對地漏電流進行計測，將計測出的對地漏電流與依據和電氣機械之特性或構造相關的資訊進行運算的對地漏電流之初期值所對應而事先被設定的臨限值進行比較。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the diagnostic method of the electrical machine of the present invention is a method of diagnosing the insulation state of the electrical machine. The ground leakage current of the electrical machine is measured based on the current flowing through the winding of the electrical machine, and the measured The ground leakage current is compared with the threshold value set in advance corresponding to the initial value of the ground leakage current calculated based on the information related to the characteristics or structure of the electrical machinery.
為了解決上述課題，本發明之旋轉電機，係具有交流之相數分之繞線者，具備對旋轉電機之絕緣狀態進行診斷的診斷裝置，該診斷裝置具備：電流感測器，對流過旋轉電機之繞線的電流進行檢測；電流計測部，依據電流感測器之訊號對旋轉電機之對地漏電流進行計測；及數據處理部，將經由電流計測部計測出的對地漏電流與對應於對地漏電流之初期值而事先被設定的臨限值進行比較；對地漏電流之初期值係依據和電氣機械之特性或構造相關的資訊進行運算。 [發明效果]In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the rotating electrical machine of the present invention has a winding of alternating phases, and is equipped with a diagnostic device for diagnosing the insulation state of the rotating electrical machine. The diagnostic device includes: a current sensor for the The current of the winding is detected; the current measuring part measures the ground leakage current of the rotating electric machine based on the signal of the current sensor; and the data processing part compares the ground leakage current measured by the current measuring part with the corresponding ground leakage The initial value of the current is compared with the threshold set in advance; the initial value of the ground leakage current is calculated based on the information related to the characteristics or structure of the electrical machinery. [Invention Effect]
依據本發明，可以高精度且簡單地診斷電氣機械之絕緣狀態。According to the present invention, the insulation state of electric machinery can be diagnosed with high accuracy and simple.
上述以外之課題、構成及效果經由以下實施形態之說明可以理解。Problems, configurations, and effects other than the above can be understood from the description of the following embodiments.
以下，參照圖面依據以下之實施例1~4說明本發明之實施形態。各圖中，參照編號為同一者表示具備同一之構成要件或者類似之功能的構成要件。Hereinafter, the embodiments of the present invention will be described based on the following Examples 1 to 4 with reference to the drawings. In each figure, those with the same reference number indicate that the same constituent elements or similar functions are provided.
又，實施例1~4中，電氣機械為發電機，但彼等之實施例亦可以適用於包含電動機的旋轉電機。
[實施例1]In addition, in
圖1表示本發明之實施例1之電氣機械之故障診斷裝置之構成。Fig. 1 shows the structure of a fault diagnosis device for electrical machinery according to
本實施例1中的電氣機械係連接於電力系統9的三相交流發電機1。如以下說明，本實施例1中，在三相交流發電機1之運作中檢測漏電流，依據檢測出的漏電流，三相交流發電機1之絕緣狀態藉由計測系統8進行診斷。The electrical machinery in the first embodiment is connected to the three-
診斷對象之三相交流發電機1，具備公知之構成，亦即具備：定子；隔著規定尺寸之空隙與定子對置的轉子；及將定子及轉子進行收納的殼體。定子具有：固定於殼體內的磁性體鐵芯(未圖示)；卷繞於磁性體鐵芯的三相繞線，亦即圖1中的U相繞線10a、V相繞線10b及W相繞線10c；及將磁性體鐵芯與三相繞線之間電性絕緣的主絕緣層。The three-
在三相繞線與殼體之間存在使主絕緣層變為介質的靜電容量，若對三相繞線施加電圧時，漏電流經由該靜電容量流過。基於主絕緣層之劣化等導致三相繞線與殼體之間之絕緣狀態變化時，漏電流之大小亦變化。本實施例1中，如後述般，藉由圖1所示電流感測器2a、2b、2c針對各相檢測這樣的漏電流。There is an electrostatic capacity between the three-phase winding and the case that makes the main insulating layer a medium. When voltage is applied to the three-phase winding, leakage current flows through the electrostatic capacity. When the insulation state between the three-phase winding and the shell changes due to the deterioration of the main insulation layer, the magnitude of the leakage current also changes. In the first embodiment, as described later, the
於三相交流發電機1，為了將三相交流發電機1產生的電力供給至電力系統9而敷設有電纜3，為了將該電纜3連接至三相交流發電機1而安裝有端子台4。端子台4具備連接端子U、X、V、Y、W、Z。於連接端子U、X、V、Y、W、Z分別連接有來自U相繞線10a之一端u、U相繞線10a之另一端x、V相繞線10b之一端v、V相繞線10b之另一端y、W相繞線10c之一端w、W相繞線10c之另一端z之各引出線。In the three-
本實施例1中，U相繞線10a、V相繞線10b及W相繞線10c在端子台4中為Δ接線。因此，於端子台4中，連接端子U、Z被電連接，連接端子V、X被電連接，連接端子W、Y被電連接。In the first embodiment, the U-phase winding 10a, the V-phase winding 10b, and the W-phase winding 10c are Δ-connected in the
從端子台4觀察時將電流感測器2a、2b、2c設置於三相交流發電機1側。例如，電流感測器2a總括檢測出流過來自U相繞線10a之一端u之引出線的電流，以及流過來自U相繞線10a之另一端x之引出線的電流。流過彼等引出線的電流為往復電流，因此電流感測器2a檢測出該往復電流之差量、亦即U相中的漏電流。同樣地，電流感測器2b及2c分別檢測出V相中的漏電流及W相中的漏電流。When viewed from the
藉由這樣的電流感測器2a、2b、2c，從流過U相繞線10a、V相繞線10b及W相繞線10c的電流可以僅檢測出各相之漏電流。據此，可以提升漏電流之檢測精度。With such
又，作為電流感測器2a、2b、2c，適用CT (Current Transformer)等。In addition, as the
於此，本實施例1中，和公知之發電機同樣，殼體被接地，因此各相之漏電流流向大地。因此，以下將這樣的漏電流稱為「對地漏電流」(其他之實施例中亦同樣)。Here, in the first embodiment, like the known generator, the casing is grounded, so the leakage current of each phase flows to the ground. Therefore, hereinafter, such leakage current is referred to as "earth leakage current" (the same applies to other embodiments).
接著，對本實施例1中的絕緣狀態之診斷手段進行說明。Next, the means for diagnosing the insulation state in the first embodiment will be described.
圖1所示計測系統8具備：由電流感測器2a、2b、2c之輸出訊號對各相之對地漏電流進行計測的電流計測部81；將電流計測部81所計測出的對地漏電流之數據記錄並儲存的數據記錄部82；及依據儲存於數據記錄部82的對地漏電流之數據，對三相交流發電機1之絕緣狀態進行診斷的數據處理部83。又，電流計測部81，係對應於電流感測器之輸出訊號，作成適合數據處理部83或數據記錄部82之動作的數據形式之對地漏電流數據。The
作為電流計測部81及數據記錄部82，可以適用合併具有彼等功能的，附加硬碟的筆記型個人電腦(從可以兼作為數據處理部83)、數據記錄器、可以進行數據記錄的示波器等。As the
作為數據處理部83可以適用各種電腦等。又，電流計測部81與數據記錄部82與數據處理部83之中，僅將電流計測部81與數據記錄部82設置於三相交流發電機1之附近，對地漏電流之數據儲存之後，將數據處理部83連接而進行絕緣狀態之診斷亦可。該情況下，以USB示波器等之攜帶容易的計測裝置作為電流計測部81及數據記錄部82使用為較佳。As the
計測系統8係對檢測出的對地漏電流之基本波成分與事先設定的臨限值進行比較，並依據比較結果診斷三相交流發電機1之絕緣狀態。對地漏電流之大小大於臨限值之情況下，判斷為三相交流發電機1絕緣劣化、故障。The
本實施例1中，對地漏電流之臨限值依據三相交流發電機1之靜電容量之初期值被設定。於此，靜電容量之初期值可以藉由出廠時或安裝時等中的之離線試驗(停止發電機而實施的試驗)進行計測。藉由離線試驗計測靜電容量時可以適用LCR計測表或tanδ計測器等。又，靜電容量之初期值，多數情況作為製品資訊為既知者，可以比較容易取得。In the first embodiment, the threshold value of the earth leakage current is set based on the initial value of the electrostatic capacity of the three-
依據本發明者之檢討，為了設定對地漏電流之臨限值，首先，將靜電容量之初期值(C)、與各相繞線中分布的電壓之平均值之大小、與發電機之交流輸出之角頻率(ω)累計，算出對地漏電流之初期值。According to the review of the inventor, in order to set the threshold value of the earth leakage current, firstly, the initial value (C) of the electrostatic capacity, the magnitude of the average value of the voltage distributed in each phase winding, and the AC output of the generator The angular frequency (ω) is accumulated to calculate the initial value of the earth leakage current.
運轉中的之三相交流發電機1中，各相之繞線之兩端中的電位之相位差為120度(=2π/3)。因此，例如圖1中，U相繞線10a之一端u之電位Vu
、另一端x之電位Vv
以公式(1)表示。又，公式中之「V」表示額定電壓之大小。In the three-
[數1]
U相繞線10a中分布的電壓之平均值以公式(2)表示。The average value of the voltage distributed in the U-phase winding 10a is expressed by formula (2).
[數2]
由本公式可知，U相繞線10a中分布的電壓之平均值之大小為V/2。因此，對地漏電流之初期值i0 以公式(3)表示。It can be seen from this formula that the average value of the voltage distributed in the U-phase winding 10a is V/2. Therefore, the initial value i 0 of the ground leakage current is expressed by formula (3).
[數3]
以該i0 作為基準值，依據基準值來設定供作為故障判斷之臨限值。例如，於基準值乘上容許度設為臨限值。Take the i 0 as the reference value, and set the threshold value for fault judgment based on the reference value. For example, the threshold value is multiplied by the tolerance.
依據本發明者之檢討，即使在實際機器中，絕緣狀態為正常的發電機之初期狀態中的對地漏電流亦依據公式(3)。亦即，若使用比較簡單的公式(3)，由靜電容量之初期值，可以容易而且高精度地算出對地漏電流之初期值i0 亦即故障判斷之基準值。According to the review of the inventor, even in the actual machine, the ground leakage current in the initial state of the generator whose insulation state is normal is based on the formula (3). That is, if the relatively simple formula (3) is used, from the initial value of the electrostatic capacitance, the initial value i 0 of the leakage current to the ground can be easily and accurately calculated, which is the reference value for fault judgment.
又，藉由按規定時間間隔檢測並記錄對地漏電流，即可計測出對地漏電流對於初期值之變化狀態。該情況下，藉由從對地漏電流之檢測值依據公式(3)算出並記錄靜電容量，據此而對靜電容量之對於初期值之變化狀態進行計測亦可。據此，可以判斷絕緣狀態之劣化之進行狀態或絕緣劣化引起的故障產生之徵兆之有無。本實施例1中，係針對各相檢測對地漏電流，因此判斷精度可以提升。In addition, by detecting and recording the ground leakage current at a predetermined time interval, the change state of the ground leakage current from the initial value can be measured. In this case, by calculating and recording the electrostatic capacity based on the equation (3) from the detected value of the earth leakage current, the change state of the electrostatic capacity from the initial value can be measured based on this. Based on this, it can be judged whether the deterioration of the insulation state is progressing or whether there is a symptom of the failure caused by the insulation deterioration. In the first embodiment, the ground leakage current is detected for each phase, so the judgment accuracy can be improved.
依據上述這樣的實施例1，依據對地漏電流之檢測值來診斷三相交流發電機之絕緣狀態的情況下之故障判斷臨限值，係依據將靜電容量之初期值(C)、各相繞線中分布的電壓之平均值之大小、與發電機之交流輸出之角頻率(ω)累計而算出的對地漏電流之基準值(i0
)進行設定。據此，可以容易而且高精度判斷絕緣劣化引起的故障。又，藉由將各相繞線中分布的電壓之平均值之大小設為額定電壓V之1/2，如此則，藉由比較簡單的公式「ωCV/2」可以高精度算出基準值。又，考慮檢測精度，而將電壓之平均值之大小設為額定電壓V之大致1/2亦可。According to the above-mentioned
又，依據實施例1，依據漏電流或靜電容量之絕對值來診斷絕緣狀態，因此可以定量把握三相交流發電機之絕緣狀態以及相對於初期狀態之絕緣狀態之變化。還有，使用經由出廠時試驗等已知且容易取得的靜電容量之初期值，算出初期狀態亦即漏電流之初期值，據此，可以容易且定量診斷絕緣狀態。藉由彼等，可以提升診斷精度。Furthermore, according to the first embodiment, the insulation state is diagnosed based on the absolute value of the leakage current or the electrostatic capacity, so that the insulation state of the three-phase alternator and the change of the insulation state from the initial state can be quantitatively grasped. In addition, the initial value of the leakage current, which is the initial state, that is, the initial value of the leakage current, is calculated using the initial value of the capacitance that is known and easily obtained through tests at the time of shipment, and the insulation state can be easily and quantitatively diagnosed. With them, the accuracy of diagnosis can be improved.
又，依據實施例1，依據對地漏電流之檢測值對絕緣狀態進行診斷，因此並非使用LCR計測表或tanδ計測器等以離線方式計測靜電容量，可以線上、亦即在三相交流發電機之運轉中診斷絕緣狀態。因此，可以容易且高精度診斷絕緣狀態。In addition, according to the first embodiment, the insulation state is diagnosed based on the detection value of the ground leakage current. Therefore, it is not an offline method to measure the electrostatic capacity using an LCR meter or a tanδ meter. It can be measured online, that is, on the three-phase alternator. Diagnose the insulation status during operation. Therefore, the insulation state can be diagnosed easily and accurately.
本實施例1中，計測系統8(圖1)具備電流計測部81與數據記錄部82與數據處理部83，彼等可以是獨立個體(例如數據記錄器與個人電腦)，亦可以成為一體(例如附帶有大容量硬碟的個人電腦)。電流計測部81與數據記錄部82為一體，數據處理部83與彼等為獨立個體之情況下，使構成電流計測部81及數據記錄部82的計測裝置(例如數據記錄器)與三相交流發電機1鄰接設置，在儲存了規定期間數據之後，將計測裝置連接於構成數據處理部83的電腦等而對絕緣狀態進行診斷亦可。In the first embodiment, the measurement system 8 (FIG. 1) includes a
又，計測系統8依據規定期間儲存的數據對絕緣狀態進行判斷亦可，或是儲存對地漏電流數據，並且邊逐次取得對地漏電流數據邊判斷絕緣狀態亦可。該情況下，數據處理部83不經由數據記錄部82而從電流計測部81取得對地漏電流數據亦可。In addition, the
又，本實施例1中，依據靜電容量之初期值對對地漏電流之初期值進行運算，但亦可以測定漏電流之初期值。例如在發電機之初期狀態中，藉由和實施例1同樣之電流感測器檢測出對地漏電流，將檢測出的對地漏電流設定為初期值亦可。該情況下，數據處理部83判斷是否為發電機之初期狀態中的對地漏電流數據，若判斷為發電機之初期狀態中的對地漏電流數據，則將該對地漏電流數據設定為初期值。In addition, in the first embodiment, the initial value of the ground leakage current is calculated based on the initial value of the electrostatic capacitance, but the initial value of the leakage current can also be measured. For example, in the initial state of the generator, the ground leakage current is detected by the same current sensor as in the first embodiment, and the detected ground leakage current may be set to the initial value. In this case, the
又，將數據處理部83之診斷結果記錄於數據記錄部82亦可。In addition, the diagnosis result of the
本實施例1的診斷裝置，可以是在診斷時安裝於診斷對象之發電機，或是永久安装亦可。診斷時安装之情況下，電流感測器以可以容易裝拆的夾緊型CT等為較佳，但亦可以僅將電流感測器永久安装。The diagnosis device of the first embodiment may be a generator installed in the diagnosis target during diagnosis, or may be permanently installed. In the case of installation during diagnosis, the current sensor is preferably a clamp-type CT which can be easily assembled and disassembled, but it is also possible to install only the current sensor permanently.
依據本實施例1，依據作為製品資訊而已知之靜電容量值來設定故障判斷臨限值，因此即使從三相交流發電機之運轉開始後之時點，例如從劣化進展之時點，亦可以進行基於與初期狀態之比較的絕緣狀態之診斷。又，藉由事前檢測故障之徵兆，可以進行計劃性的設備更新，可以減低損失成本。又，可以節省保養，因此診斷服務之效率可以提升。 [實施例2]According to the first embodiment, the fault judgment threshold value is set based on the capacitance value known as the product information. Therefore, even from the time after the operation of the three-phase alternator starts, for example, from the time when the deterioration progresses, it can be based on and Diagnosis of insulation state compared with initial state. In addition, by detecting the signs of failure in advance, it is possible to carry out planned equipment renewal, which can reduce loss costs. In addition, maintenance can be saved, so the efficiency of diagnostic services can be improved. [Example 2]
圖2表示本發明之實施例2之電氣機械之故障診斷裝置之構成。以下，主要針對與實施例1不同之點進行說明。Fig. 2 shows the structure of a fault diagnosis device for an electrical machine in the second embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter, the description will mainly focus on the differences from the first embodiment.
於本實施例2中，和實施例1不同，依係據來自各相之繞線之每一引出線設置電流感測器，檢測流過各引出線的電流。亦即，如圖2所示，流過來自U相繞線10a之一端u、U相繞線10a之另一端x、V相繞線10b之一端v、V相繞線10b之另一端y、W相繞線10c之一端w、W相繞線10c之另一端z之引出線的電流，係分別藉由電流感測器2a-1、2a-2、2b-1、2b-2、2c-1、2c-2進行檢測。In the second embodiment, unlike the first embodiment, a current sensor is set according to each lead wire of the winding of each phase to detect the current flowing through each lead wire. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, flows from one end u of the U-phase winding 10a, the other end x of the U-phase winding 10a, one end v of the V-phase winding 10b, and the other end y of the V-phase winding 10b. The currents of the lead wires at one end w of the W-phase winding 10c and the other end z of the W-phase winding 10c are respectively passed through the
圖2中的計測系統8之電流計測部81，係對流過來自各相之繞線之兩端之2條引出線的電流之檢測值之差量進行運算，據此而計測對地漏電流。亦即，電流計測部81係分別依據電流感測器2a-1、2a-2之檢測值之差量、電流感測器2b-1、2b-2之檢測值之差量、及電流感測器2c-1、2c-2之差量來計測U相、V相及W相中的對地漏電流。The
本實施例2具有和實施例1同樣之作用效果。另外，依據本實施例2，引出線與端子台4之連接端子U、X、V、Y、W、Z間之連接狀態，或引出線之敷設狀態對電流感測器之安裝部位之限制變小。
[實施例3]The second embodiment has the same effect as the first embodiment. In addition, according to the second embodiment, the connection state between the lead wires and the connection terminals U, X, V, Y, W, and Z of the
圖3表示本發明之實施例3之電氣機械之故障診斷裝置之構成。以下，主要針對和實施例1不同之點進行說明。Fig. 3 shows the structure of a fault diagnosis device for electrical machinery according to the third embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter, the description will mainly focus on the differences from the first embodiment.
如圖3所示，本實施例3中的計測系統8，除了具備電流計測部81與數據記錄部82與數據處理部83以外，還具備將對地漏電流之計測數據傳送至外部的通信部84。As shown in FIG. 3, the
電流計測部81所輸出的對地漏電流之計測數據，係透過通信部84經由通信網路200，傳送至與三相交流發電機1之設置場所在地理位置上位於遠離之場所的數據中心100。又，通信網路200可以是無線或有線之任一。The measurement data of the earth leakage current output by the
數據中心100具備數據記錄部82A。從發電機側之計測系統8接收到的對地漏電流之計測數據，係記錄儲存於數據記錄部82A。據此，可以將三相交流發電機1之運轉狀態中計測出的巨大量之對地漏電流之計測數據進行記錄並儲存。又，數據中心100係接收從未圖示的包含其他發電機的複數台發電機側傳送的計測數據並記錄於數據記錄部82A。The
通信部84將電流計測部81計測的對地漏電流之數據依次傳送至數據中心100亦可，將發電機側之數據記錄部82在規定期間儲存的數據定期(例如和數據儲存期間同一時間間隔)傳送至數據中心100亦可。The
又，將數據處理部83之絕緣狀態之診斷結果透過通信部84傳送至數據中心100亦可。In addition, the diagnosis result of the insulation state of the
又，發電機側之數據處理部83依次執行絕緣狀態之診斷，在電流計測部81計測出的對地漏電流大於臨限值之情況下，通信部84經由通信網路200對數據中心100等之監控據點發出警報亦可。該情況下，在數據處理部83判斷對地漏電流大於臨限值之時點，將儲存於數據記錄部82的計測數據傳送至數據中心100，作為絕緣狀態之詳細分析使用亦可。In addition, the
本實施例3中，數據中心100具備的數據記錄部82A為主要的數據記錄部，發電機側之計測系統8具備的數據記錄部82為數據之備份用。又，藉由適當設定備份的數據量或備份期間，可以減低發電機側之計測系統8具備的數據記錄部82之數據記錄容量。該情況下，數據記錄部82之數據記錄容量小於數據記錄部82A中的來自計測系統8之計測數據之數據記錄容量。又，在發電機側中可以不設置數據記錄部82。In the third embodiment, the
又，位於與三相交流發電機1之設置場所在地理上遠離之場所的數據處理部83A，係經由通信網路200取得儲存於數據記錄部82A的計測數據，並依據取得的計測數據對三相交流發電機1之絕緣狀態進行診斷。In addition, the data processing unit 83A, which is located at a place geographically distant from the installation place of the three-
數據中心100亦可以具備數據處理部83A。該情況下，數據處理部83A不經由通信網路200，而由數據記錄部82A取得計測數據。又，發電機側之計測系統8具備的數據處理部83經由通信網路200取得儲存於數據記錄部82A的計測數據，並依據取得的計測數據對三相交流發電機1之絕緣狀態進行診斷亦可。The
如此般，依據本實施例3，計測系統8具備將對地漏電流之計測數據傳送至通信網路的通信部84，據此，數據中心100具有的大容量之數據記錄部82A可以記錄計測數據。因此，可以儲存巨大量之對地漏電流之計測數據，作為絕緣狀態之診斷或詳細分析使用。
[實施例4]In this way, according to the third embodiment, the
圖4表示本發明之實施例4之電氣機械之故障診斷裝置所計測的對地漏電流之計測數據之一例。又，裝置構成係和實施例1~3之任一同樣。Fig. 4 shows an example of the measurement data of the earth leakage current measured by the fault diagnosis device of the electric machine of the
圖4所示計測數據例中，於對地漏電流之計測波形61(圖4中之實線)重疊有脈動成分。依據本發明者之檢討，脈動成分係起因於定子及轉子之槽組合(Slot combination)。In the example of measurement data shown in FIG. 4, a pulsating component is superimposed on the measurement waveform 61 (solid line in FIG. 4) of the earth leakage current. According to the review of the inventor, the pulsation component is caused by the slot combination of the stator and the rotor.
本實施例4中，數據處理部(83、83A)對與計測數據重疊的脈動成分實施平均化，如圖4所示評價波形62(圖4中之虛線)般轉換為無脈動之計測數據。數據處理部(83、83A)依據這樣轉換的計測數據對絕緣狀態進行診斷。據此，診斷精度可以提升。In the fourth embodiment, the data processing unit (83, 83A) averages the pulsation component superimposed on the measurement data, and converts it into the measurement data without pulsation like the evaluation waveform 62 (broken line in FIG. 4) shown in FIG. 4. The data processing unit (83, 83A) diagnoses the insulation state based on the measurement data thus converted. Accordingly, the diagnosis accuracy can be improved.
又，本實施例4中，對產生複數週期之脈動的期間之計測數據之脈動實施平均化，但不限定於此，針對脈動一週期分之計測數據運算最大值與最小值之平均值亦可。又，僅將藉由傅立葉(Fourier)轉換等抽出的基本波成分適用於絕緣狀態之診斷亦可。In addition, in the fourth embodiment, the pulsation of the measurement data during the period during which the pulsation of a plurality of cycles is generated is averaged, but it is not limited to this. The average value of the maximum value and the minimum value may be calculated for the measurement data for one cycle of the pulsation. . In addition, only the fundamental wave components extracted by Fourier transformation or the like may be applied to the diagnosis of the insulation state.
又，本發明不限定於上述實施例，包含各樣的變形例。例如上述實施例係為了容易理解本發明而進行詳細說明者，但未必限定於具備說明之全體構成者。又，針對各實施例之構成之一部分，可以進行其他構成之追加•削除•置換。In addition, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and includes various modifications. For example, the above-mentioned embodiments are described in detail in order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, but are not necessarily limited to those having the entire configuration described. In addition, for a part of the configuration of each embodiment, other configurations can be added, deleted, or replaced.
例如上述之絕緣狀態之診斷手段不限定於發電機，亦適用於包含電動機的各種旋轉電機。還有，上述之絕緣狀態之診斷手段，亦適用於具備三相之電機子繞線的線性同步馬達或線性感應馬達。又，電動機之情況下，作為電力系統9之取代，適用各種交流電源裝置亦可。For example, the above-mentioned diagnosis method of insulation status is not limited to generators, and is also applicable to various rotating electrical machines including electric motors. In addition, the above-mentioned diagnosis method of insulation status is also applicable to linear synchronous motors or linear induction motors with three-phase motor windings. In addition, in the case of an electric motor, various AC power supply devices may be applied as a substitute for the
又，電氣機械之交流相數不限定於3相，可以是複數相。In addition, the number of AC phases of an electrical machine is not limited to three phases, and may be multiple phases.
又，絕緣狀態之診斷對象可以是額定電壓700V以下之旋轉電機。該情況下，局部性放電劣化難以產生，因此可以高精度診斷熱劣化或吸濕劣化等引起的絕緣劣化。In addition, the diagnostic object of the insulation state can be a rotating electric machine with a rated voltage of 700V or less. In this case, it is difficult to cause partial discharge degradation, so it is possible to diagnose the insulation degradation caused by thermal degradation or moisture absorption degradation with high accuracy.
又，診斷使用靜電容量之初期值，可以使用從既存之定子繞線圖面等取得的設計資訊算出。又，將從計測數據算出的靜電容量或者靜電容量與對地漏電流之關係的參數和計測數據併用而對絕緣狀態進行診斷亦可。In addition, the initial value of the electrostatic capacitance used for diagnosis can be calculated using the design information obtained from the existing stator winding drawings. In addition, the capacitance calculated from the measurement data or the parameter of the relationship between the capacitance and the earth leakage current and the measurement data may be used in combination to diagnose the insulation state.
1‧‧‧三相交流發電機
2a、2b、2c‧‧‧電流感測器
2a-1、2a-2、2b-1、2b-2、2c-1、2c-2‧‧‧電流感測器
3‧‧‧電纜
4‧‧‧端子台
8‧‧‧計測系統
9‧‧‧電力系統
10a‧‧‧U相繞線
10b‧‧‧V相繞線
10c‧‧‧W相繞線
81‧‧‧電流計測部
82、82A‧‧‧數據記錄部
83、83A‧‧‧數據處理部
84‧‧‧通信部
100‧‧‧數據中心
200‧‧‧通信網路1‧‧‧Three-
[圖1] 圖1表示實施例1之電氣機械之故障診斷裝置之構成。 [圖2] 圖2表示實施例2之電氣機械之故障診斷裝置之構成。 [圖3] 圖3表示實施例3之電氣機械之故障診斷裝置之構成。 [圖4] 表示藉由實施例4之電氣機械之故障診斷裝置計測出的對地漏電流之計測數據之一例。[Fig. 1] Fig. 1 shows the structure of a fault diagnosis device for electrical machinery of Example 1. [Fig. 2] Fig. 2 shows the structure of a fault diagnosis device for electrical machinery in the second embodiment. [Fig. 3] Fig. 3 shows the structure of a fault diagnosis device for electrical machinery of the third embodiment. [Fig. 4] An example of the measurement data of the earth leakage current measured by the electrical machinery fault diagnosis device of Example 4.
1‧‧‧三相交流發電機 1‧‧‧Three-phase AC generator
2a、2b、2c‧‧‧電流感測器 2a, 2b, 2c‧‧‧current sensor
3‧‧‧電纜 3‧‧‧Cable
4‧‧‧端子台 4‧‧‧Terminal block
8‧‧‧計測系統 8‧‧‧Measurement system
9‧‧‧電力系統 9‧‧‧Power System
10a‧‧‧U相繞線 10a‧‧‧U phase winding
10b‧‧‧V相繞線 10b‧‧‧V phase winding
10c‧‧‧W相繞線 10c‧‧‧W phase winding
81‧‧‧電流計測部 81‧‧‧Current Measurement Department
82‧‧‧數據記錄部 82‧‧‧Data Recording Department
83‧‧‧數據處理部 83‧‧‧Data Processing Department
U、X、V、Y、W、Z‧‧‧連接端子 U, X, V, Y, W, Z‧‧‧Connecting terminal
u‧‧‧U相繞線10a之一端 u‧‧‧One end of U phase winding 10a
x‧‧‧U相繞線10a之另一端 x‧‧‧The other end of U phase winding 10a
v‧‧‧V相繞線10b之一端 v‧‧‧V phase winding 10b one end
y‧‧‧V相繞線10b之另一端 y‧‧‧The other end of V-phase winding 10b
w‧‧‧W相繞線10c之一端 w‧‧‧One end of W phase winding 10c
z‧‧‧W相繞線10c之另一端 z‧‧‧The other end of W phase winding 10c
Claims (15)
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| KR102572378B1 (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2023-08-31 | 주식회사 원프레딕트 | Diagnosis method for bearing defect using 3 phase motor current signal and apparatus for performing the same |
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