TWI706912B - Method for carbonizing biological waste to remove water - Google Patents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
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Abstract
一種將生物廢棄物碳化除水的方法，包含：將該生物廢棄物與一醇類溶劑混合；將混合的該生物廢棄物及該有機溶劑置入一壓力於100巴以下及一溫度於攝氏300度以下的環境下，反應後取得一中間產物；抽氣風乾該中間產物以除水，取得該最終產物。藉由本發明提供的碳化除水方法，可將生物廢棄物快速碳化除水，以將生物廢棄物回收再製成乾燥的碳化產物，且可達到節省製程耗能的目的。 A method for carbonizing biological waste to remove water, comprising: mixing the biological waste with an alcohol solvent; placing the mixed biological waste and the organic solvent at a pressure below 100 bar and a temperature at 300 Celsius Under the environment below temperature, an intermediate product is obtained after the reaction; the intermediate product is exhausted and air-dried to remove water to obtain the final product. With the carbonization and water removal method provided by the present invention, the biological waste can be quickly carbonized and water removed, so that the biological waste can be recycled into a dry carbonized product, and the purpose of saving energy in the process can be achieved.
Description
本發明係與生物碳的製造方法有關；特別是指一種利用生物廢棄物製造生物碳的方法。 The present invention relates to a method for producing biochar; in particular, it refers to a method for producing biochar from biological waste.
依收受家戶垃圾的規定，只收熟廚餘，不收果皮菜葉等生廚餘。其中，熟廚餘可做為肥料或豬飼料使用，雖然將廚餘肥料化已具備相當成熟技術，但卻無處去化；而將廚餘作為豬隻飼料為另一去化管道，以目前國內熟廚餘處理技術來說，主要係利用破碎脫水後再快速發酵，能在短時間內(約18-24小時)內將熟廚餘化為有機肥料或飼料，但脫水後的熟廚餘仍有極高的含水率(約為65重量%~75重量%)，且若熟廚餘未被充分殺菌，則可能造成豬隻感染疾病，進而造成疫情傳染，在防疫非洲豬瘟使用上恐有較高之疑慮。因此，為避免非洲豬瘟在國內爆發，目前已有環保業者不再回收所有廚餘。 In accordance with the regulations for accepting household garbage, only cooked kitchen waste will be collected, not raw kitchen waste such as peels and vegetables. Among them, cooked food waste can be used as fertilizer or pig feed. Although the technology for fertilizing food waste has been quite mature, there is nowhere to go; and using food waste as pig feed is another de-chemical channel. Domestic cooked food waste treatment technology mainly uses crushing and dehydration followed by rapid fermentation, which can turn cooked food waste into organic fertilizer or feed in a short time (about 18-24 hours), but the dehydrated cooked food waste There is still a very high moisture content (about 65% to 75% by weight), and if the cooked kitchen waste is not fully sterilized, it may cause pigs to be infected with diseases, which in turn may cause epidemic transmission, which may be used to prevent African swine fever. There are higher doubts. Therefore, in order to avoid the outbreak of African swine fever in China, environmental protection companies no longer collect all food waste.
另一方面，在日常垃圾量中，生廚餘約占垃圾量的4成，依傳統堆肥技術而言，欲將日常產生的生廚餘完全去化，實屬緩不濟急，因此一部分的生廚餘被送至焚化爐燃燒處理。然而，若所有日常產生的生廚餘皆利用焚化爐燃燒處理，除了產生大量底渣外，又會增加40%的處理成本。 On the other hand, in the daily waste volume, raw kitchen waste accounts for about 40% of the waste volume. According to the traditional composting technology, it is very urgent to completely eliminate the daily raw kitchen waste. The food waste is sent to the incinerator for combustion. However, if all the daily raw food waste is burned in an incinerator, in addition to producing a large amount of bottom slag, it will increase the processing cost by 40%.
除此之外，為了省下廚餘處理費用及焚化費用等支出，部分不肖業者及廠商恐將生熟廚餘隨地掩埋或焚燒，此舉將嚴重汙染環 境、水資源及空氣品質，倘若廚餘中含有致病菌，則將經由水循環傳播，甚至造成畜產養殖業的嚴重損失。 In addition, in order to save food waste treatment costs and incineration costs, some unscrupulous businesses and manufacturers may bury or burn raw and cooked food waste anywhere, which will seriously pollute the environment. If the food waste contains pathogenic bacteria in the environment, water resources and air quality, it will spread through the water cycle and even cause serious losses in the livestock breeding industry.
基於至少上述原因，如何能將廚餘快速去化且製成具有經濟價值的產品，係目前亟需解決的問題。 Based on at least the above reasons, how to quickly decontaminate food waste and make products with economic value is a problem that needs to be solved urgently.
有鑑於此，本發明之目的在於提供一種將生物廢棄物碳化除水的方法，藉由此方法可將生物廢棄物快速碳化及除水，製成具有經濟價值的乾燥產物。 In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for carbonizing biological waste to remove water, by which method the biological waste can be quickly carbonized and water removed to produce a dry product with economic value.
緣以達成上述目的，本發明實施例所提供之將生物廢棄物碳化除水的方法包括有：將該生物廢棄物與一醇類溶劑混合；將混合的該生物廢棄物及該有機溶劑置入一壓力於100巴以下及一溫度於攝氏300度以下的環境下，反應後取得一中間產物；及抽氣風乾該中間產物以除水，取得該最終產物。 In order to achieve the above object, the method for carbonizing biological waste to remove water provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes: mixing the biological waste with an alcohol solvent; putting the mixed biological waste and the organic solvent into An intermediate product is obtained after the reaction under a pressure below 100 bar and a temperature below 300 degrees Celsius; and the intermediate product is air-dried to remove water to obtain the final product.
本發明之效果在於，利用高溫低壓的反應條件將生物廢棄物快速碳化脫水，以製成具有經濟價值的乾燥產物，並且可大幅減少能源的浪費，以達到節省製程耗能的目的。 The effect of the invention is that the biological waste is rapidly carbonized and dehydrated by using the reaction conditions of high temperature and low pressure to produce a dry product with economic value, and energy waste can be greatly reduced, so as to achieve the purpose of saving energy in the process.
21:氣瓶 21: Cylinder
22:攪拌器 22: agitator
23:控制器 23: Controller
24:溫度計 24: Thermometer
25:加熱器 25: heater
S1、S2、S3:步驟 S1, S2, S3: steps
圖1係本發明一較佳實施例將生物廢棄物碳化除水的方法之製造方法流程圖；圖2係本發明一較佳實施例將生物廢棄物碳化除水的方法之製造方法所使用的液化反應釜的示意圖； 圖3係表示本發明諸實驗例於次臨界醇熱碳化脫水反應前後的脫水百分比長條圖；圖4係表示本發明諸實驗例於次臨界醇熱碳化脫水反應前後的碘值長條圖；以及圖5係表示本發明諸實驗例於次臨界醇熱碳化脫水反應前後的熱值長條圖。 Figure 1 is a flow chart of the manufacturing method of the method for carbonizing biological waste to remove water in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is the manufacturing method used in the method of carbonizing biological waste to remove water from a preferred embodiment of the present invention Schematic diagram of the liquefaction reactor; Figure 3 is a bar graph showing the percentage of dehydration before and after the subcritical alcohol thermal carbonation dehydration reaction of various experimental examples of the present invention; Figure 4 is a bar graph showing the iodine value of various experimental examples of the present invention before and after the subcritical alcohol thermal carbonization dehydration reaction; And FIG. 5 is a bar graph showing the calorific value of various experimental examples of the present invention before and after the subcritical alcohol thermal carbonization dehydration reaction.
為能更清楚地說明本發明，茲舉一較佳實施例並配合流程圖及圖表詳細說明如後。在本發明較佳實施例中，將生物廢棄物碳化除水的方法，如圖1所示，至少包括以下步驟：步驟S1：將生物廢棄物與醇類溶劑混合；步驟S2：將混合的生物廢棄物及有機溶劑置入壓力於100巴以下及溫度於攝氏300度以下的環境下，反應後取得中間產物；步驟S3：抽氣風乾中間產物以除水，取得最終產物。 In order to explain the present invention more clearly, a preferred embodiment is described in detail in conjunction with flowcharts and diagrams as follows. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for carbonizing biological waste to remove water, as shown in Figure 1, at least includes the following steps: Step S1: Mixing the biological waste with an alcohol solvent; Step S2: Combining the mixed biological waste The waste and the organic solvent are placed under an environment with a pressure below 100 bar and a temperature below 300 degrees Celsius, and the intermediate product is obtained after the reaction; Step S3: the intermediate product is evacuated and air-dried to remove water to obtain the final product.
在本發明實施例中，步驟S2係於碳化除水反應釜中進行，如圖2所示。在圖2中，碳化除水反應釜包括氣瓶21、攪拌器22、控制器23、溫度計24及加熱器25，其中氣瓶21係供應惰性氣體於反應空間內，攪拌器22係用於將生物廢棄物與醇類溶劑均勻混合，控制器23係用於控制反應空間內的溫度、壓力、攪拌器22的轉速及反應時間等參數，溫度計24係用於測量反應空間內的溫度，而加熱器25係用於對生物廢棄物與醇類溶劑進行加熱。
In the embodiment of the present invention, step S2 is performed in a carbonization water removal reactor, as shown in FIG. 2. In Figure 2, the carbonization water removal reactor includes a
在本發明實施例中，生物廢棄物包括生廚餘、熟廚餘、生質物、濕基有機廢棄物或其組合。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the biological waste includes raw food waste, cooked food waste, biomass, wet-based organic waste, or a combination thereof.
在本發明實施例中，醇類溶劑為五碳以下的醇類溶劑，例如可為甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、戊醇、其異構物或其混合物。醇類係有機化合物的一大類，是脂肪烴、脂環烴或芳香烴側鏈中的氫原子被羥基取代而成的化合物。通常意義上泛指的醇類，是指羥基(-OH)與一個脂肪族烴基(CxHy-)相連而成的化合物。醇類分子中有兩個相對應的溶解趨勢，其中羥基的極性促使醇類分子易溶於水，而脂肪族烴基鏈則使醇類分子不溶於水。由此可知，甲醇、乙醇、丙醇易溶於水係由於羥基的親水性超過了相對短小的烷基鏈的疏水性；而具四個碳原子的丁醇或五個碳原子的戊醇稍溶於水，則是因為羥基的親水性與烷基鏈的疏水性之間恰好達到平衡。因此，藉由五碳以下的醇類具備親水特性，故可利用其較佳的脫水性質，以使生物廢棄物除水。然而，利用醇類溶劑脫水，仍須藉由提高溫度來提升的生物廢棄物除水效率。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the alcohol solvent is an alcohol solvent with five carbons or less, for example, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, isomers thereof, or mixtures thereof. A large class of alcohol-based organic compounds are compounds in which the hydrogen atoms in the side chains of aliphatic hydrocarbons, alicyclic hydrocarbons or aromatic hydrocarbons are replaced by hydroxyl groups. Alcohols in the general sense refer to compounds formed by connecting a hydroxyl group (-OH) and an aliphatic hydrocarbon group (C x H y -). There are two corresponding dissolution trends in alcohol molecules. The polarity of the hydroxyl group makes the alcohol molecules easily soluble in water, while the aliphatic hydrocarbon-based chain makes the alcohol molecules insoluble in water. It can be seen that methanol, ethanol, and propanol are easily soluble in water because the hydrophilicity of the hydroxyl group exceeds the hydrophobicity of the relatively short alkyl chain; while the butanol with four carbon atoms or the pentanol with five carbon atoms is slightly It is soluble in water because of the balance between the hydrophilicity of the hydroxyl group and the hydrophobicity of the alkyl chain. Therefore, because alcohols with five carbons or less have hydrophilic properties, their better dehydration properties can be used to remove water from biological waste. However, the dehydration using alcohol solvents still needs to increase the temperature to improve the water removal efficiency of biological waste.
另一方面，非洲豬瘟病毒於溫度50℃以上就會變性，因此在高溫90℃下且持續一段時間，即能夠殺死非洲豬瘟病毒。在本發明較佳實施例中，將生物廢棄物碳化除水的方法的反應溫度為攝氏100度至300度之間，較佳為攝氏100度至200度之間；反應時間至少0.5小時，即可使生物廢棄物碳化除水，同時亦可達到徹底消毒，殺死非洲豬瘟病毒的目的。 On the other hand, the African swine fever virus will denature at a temperature above 50°C, so it can kill the African swine fever virus at a high temperature of 90°C for a period of time. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reaction temperature of the method for carbonizing biological waste to remove water is between 100°C and 300°C, preferably between 100°C and 200°C; the reaction time is at least 0.5 hours, that is, It can carbonize biological waste to remove water, and at the same time achieve the purpose of thorough disinfection and killing the African swine fever virus.
在本發明實施例中，醇類溶劑的重量百分濃度為25重量%至100重量%。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the weight percentage concentration of the alcohol solvent is 25% by weight to 100% by weight.
在本發明實施例中，反應壓力為1.5巴至100巴之間，較佳為2.2巴至23巴之間。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the reaction pressure is between 1.5 bar and 100 bar, preferably between 2.2 bar and 23 bar.
在本發明實施例中，醇類溶劑於該壓力於25巴以下及該溫度於攝氏200度以下的環境下，形成次臨界狀態之醇類溶劑。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the alcohol solvent forms a subcritical alcohol solvent under the environment where the pressure is below 25 bar and the temperature is below 200 degrees Celsius.
在本發明實施例中，在步驟S2之後，可進一步包括利用冷凝回收系統，將抽氣風乾揮發的醇類溶劑冷凝回收，使醇類溶劑可重複利用，以提升生物廢棄物碳化除水的效率。 In the embodiment of the present invention, after step S2, it may further include using a condensation recovery system to condense and recover the alcohol solvent volatilized by air-drying, so that the alcohol solvent can be reused, so as to improve the efficiency of carbonization and water removal of biological waste .
在本發明實施例中，在步驟S2之後，可進一步包括利用冷凝回收系統，將抽氣風乾揮發的醇類溶劑及生物廢棄物中的水分所組成的混合溶液冷凝回收，使醇類溶劑可重複利用，以提升生物廢棄物碳化除水的效率。 In the embodiment of the present invention, after step S2, it may further include using a condensation recovery system to condense and recover the mixed solution composed of the evaporative alcohol solvent and the water in the biological waste, so that the alcohol solvent can be repeated Use to improve the efficiency of carbonization and water removal of biological waste.
在本發明實施例中，在步驟S2之後，可進一步包括利用一加熱系統，將中間產物加熱以除水，取得該最終產物。 In the embodiment of the present invention, after step S2, it may further include using a heating system to heat the intermediate product to remove water to obtain the final product.
在本發明實施例中，在步驟S2之後，可進一步包括利用冷凝回收系統，將受熱揮發的醇類溶劑冷凝回收，使醇類溶劑可重複利用，以提升生物廢棄物碳化除水的效率。 In the embodiment of the present invention, after step S2, it may further include using a condensation recovery system to condense and recover the heated and volatilized alcohol solvent, so that the alcohol solvent can be reused to improve the efficiency of carbonization and water removal of biological waste.
在本發明實施例中，在步驟S2之後，可進一步包括利用冷凝回收系統，將受熱揮發的醇類溶劑及生物廢棄物中的水分所組成的混合溶液冷凝回收，使醇類溶劑可重複利用，以提升生物廢棄物碳化除水的效率。 In the embodiment of the present invention, after step S2, it may further include using a condensation recovery system to condense and recover the mixed solution composed of the heated and volatilized alcohol solvent and the moisture in the biological waste, so that the alcohol solvent can be reused, To improve the efficiency of carbonization and water removal of biological waste.
在本發明實施例中，最終產物包括脫水廚餘、脫水生質物、生物碳、活性碳、燃料碳或其組合。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the final product includes dehydrated kitchen waste, dehydrated biomass, biological carbon, activated carbon, fuel carbon, or a combination thereof.
後續說明本發明實施例之將生物廢棄物碳化除水的方法的實驗過程。本發明實施例測試各類生廚餘(分別為：香蕉皮B、鳳梨皮P、西瓜皮W、及檸檬皮L，其產地分別為屏東、台南、屏東、及屏東)利用本發明所提供之碳化除水方法處理之步驟S2(即次臨界醇熱碳化脫水反應)進行脫水效率之比較實驗。 The experimental process of the method for carbonizing biological waste to remove water according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described later. The embodiment of the present invention tests various types of raw food waste (respectively: banana peel B, pineapple peel P, watermelon peel W, and lemon peel L, the production areas are Pingtung, Tainan, Pingtung, and Pingtung) Step S2 (ie, subcritical alcohol thermal carbonization dehydration reaction) of the provided carbonization and water removal method treatment was performed to compare the dehydration efficiency.
本發明諸實驗例所使用之醇類溶劑為乙醇。主因最常用的醇類是乙醇，是一種透明可燃的液體，其沸點為78.4℃，可用於工業溶劑，汽車燃料及工業原料。 The alcohol solvent used in the experimental examples of the present invention is ethanol. The most commonly used alcohol is ethanol, which is a transparent and flammable liquid with a boiling point of 78.4°C. It can be used in industrial solvents, automobile fuels and industrial raw materials.
實驗例一 Experimental example one
表1為各組生廚餘原料(香蕉皮B、鳳梨皮P、西瓜皮W、及檸檬皮L)之特性分析；由表1可知，各組原料(香蕉皮B、鳳梨皮P、西瓜皮W、及檸檬皮L)皆含有大量水分，介於72.88-93.61%，為利於對照比較，在靜置條件下進行過夜12h的測試，其值穩定後，結果如表1所示。在本發明諸實驗例中，為利於比較，均將各組原料(香蕉皮B、鳳梨皮P、西瓜皮W、及檸檬皮L)剪成條狀(1~2公分)，並於實驗開始前才進行裁剪取樣作業，以避免造成水分揮發誤差。 Table 1 shows the characteristics analysis of each group of raw food waste materials (banana peel B, pineapple peel P, watermelon peel W, and lemon peel L); from Table 1, it can be seen that each group of raw materials (banana peel B, pineapple peel P, watermelon peel W, and lemon peel L) all contain a lot of water, ranging from 72.88-93.61%. To facilitate comparison, the test was carried out overnight for 12 hours under static conditions. After the values are stable, the results are shown in Table 1. In the experimental examples of the present invention, in order to facilitate comparison, the raw materials of each group (banana peel B, pineapple peel P, watermelon peel W, and lemon peel L) were cut into strips (1~2 cm), and the experiment started Prior to cutting and sampling operations to avoid errors caused by moisture volatilization.
各組果皮原料(香蕉皮B、鳳梨皮P、西瓜皮W、及檸檬皮L)在室溫25-30℃下，靜置乾燥下之脫水百分率，結果依序為鳳梨皮P、檸檬皮L、香蕉皮B及西瓜皮W，其值依序為35.61、34.74、28.59及27.07%。各組果皮原料之低位發熱量(LHV)介於268.63-1391.18kcal/kg，因此非常不適合進行焚化處理。然而，從各組果皮原料之高位發熱量(HHV)來看，介於3893.74-5129.7kcal/kg，顯示各組果皮原料於脫水後即可當作燃料使用。 The percentage of dehydration of each group of peel raw materials (banana peel B, pineapple peel P, watermelon peel W, and lemon peel L) at room temperature 25-30℃, standing and drying, the results are pineapple peel P, lemon peel L The values of banana peel B and watermelon peel W are 35.61, 34.74, 28.59 and 27.07%. The low calorific value (LHV) of each group of peel raw materials is between 268.63-1391.18kcal/kg, so it is not suitable for incineration. However, from the perspective of the high heat value (HHV) of each group of peel raw materials, it is between 3893.74-5129.7kcal/kg, indicating that each group of peel raw materials can be used as fuel after dehydration.
本發明諸實驗例所使用之計算公式如下：固體產率(wt.%)=Wsolid/Wdry basis×100% The calculation formulas used in the experimental examples of the present invention are as follows: solid yield (wt.%)=W solid /W dry basis ×100%
其中：Wsolid為固體產物重量(g)，Wdry basis為乾基原料重量(g)；高位發熱量(HHV)=低位發熱量(LHV)+6×(水的重量百分比+9×氫的重量百分比)；乾基高位發熱量(Dry-basis HHV)=高位發熱量(HHV)÷(1-水的重量百分比)；脫水百分率(%)=(濕基原料含水量-靜置乾燥後產物含水量)÷原料含水量 x 100%；靜置乾燥質量變化率(%)=(靜置乾燥前重-靜置乾燥後重)÷靜置乾燥前重 x 100%；整體重量變化率(%)=(濕基原料-醇熱脫水產品靜置乾燥後重)÷濕基原料x100%。 Among them: W solid is the weight of the solid product (g), W dry basis is the weight of the raw material on a dry basis (g); high calorific value (HHV) = low calorific value (LHV) + 6 × (weight percentage of water + 9 × hydrogen Weight percentage); Dry-basis HHV=High heat value (HHV)÷(1-weight percentage of water); dehydration percentage (%)=(wet-based raw material moisture content-product after standing and drying Moisture content) ÷ raw material moisture content x 100%; static dry mass change rate (%) = (weight before standing dry-weight after standing dry) ÷ weight before standing dry x 100%; overall weight change rate (% )=(wet base raw material-weight of alcohol thermal dehydration product after standing and drying) ÷ wet base raw material x100%.
實驗例二 Experimental example two
本實驗二將各組果皮原料(香蕉皮B200、香蕉皮B100、鳳梨皮P200、西瓜皮W200、及檸檬皮L200)進行本發明所提供之碳化除水 方法處理之步驟S2。實驗條件如表2所示，而將操作後之產品產率、靜置乾燥質量變化率及脫水百分率列於表3。 In this experiment two, each group of peel materials (banana peel B200, banana peel B100, pineapple peel P200, watermelon peel W200, and lemon peel L200) were subjected to the carbonization and water removal provided by the present invention. Step S2 of method processing. The experimental conditions are shown in Table 2, and the product yield, standing dry mass change rate and dehydration percentage after operation are listed in Table 3.
從表3中可知，在溫度攝氏200度及壓力22巴反應下，同條件香蕉B200有最高固體產率，其值為36.01%，靜置乾燥12小時質量變化率及脫水百分率，香蕉B200亦有最高之效率，分別為82.19及86.38%。 It can be seen from Table 3 that at a temperature of 200 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 22 bar, Banana B200 has the highest solid yield with a value of 36.01%. The mass change rate and dehydration percentage of banana B200 also have the highest solid yield. The highest efficiency is 82.19 and 86.38% respectively.
另外，固體產率(即中間產物產率)亦顯示，與乾基原料相比，各組果皮原料(香蕉皮B200、香蕉皮B100、鳳梨皮P200、西瓜皮W200、及檸檬皮L200)的固體產率介於18.14-36.01%，因此經由本發明所提供之碳化除水方法後，各組果皮原料(香蕉皮B200、香蕉皮B100、鳳梨皮P200、西瓜皮W200、及檸檬皮L200)的整體重量變化(減少)率介於74.55-84.27%；其中，最大重量變化率是香蕉皮B200，達84.27%。在重量大幅降低下，藉由本發明所提供之碳化除水方法可大幅節省廚餘清理費，更可省下焚化爐的使用費用。 In addition, the solid yield (ie, the yield of intermediate products) also shows that the solids of each group of peel materials (banana peel B200, banana peel B100, pineapple peel P200, watermelon peel W200, and lemon peel L200) are compared with dry-based raw materials. The yield is between 18.14-36.01%. Therefore, after the carbonization and water removal method provided by the present invention, the whole group of peel materials (banana peel B200, banana peel B100, pineapple peel P200, watermelon peel W200, and lemon peel L200) The weight change (decrease) rate is between 74.55-84.27%; among them, the maximum weight change rate is banana peel B200, which reaches 84.27%. With a significant reduction in weight, the carbonization and water removal method provided by the present invention can greatly save food waste cleaning costs, and can also save the use of incinerators.
另一方面，如果反應溫度只維持在100℃，壓力2.2bar時，由香蕉皮B100之結果顯示，香蕉皮B100之最終產物顏色並未變黑，仍為香蕉皮原色，即顯示香蕉皮B100之最終產物無碳化現象。然而，香蕉皮B100之最終產物脫水百分率為61.56%，整體重量變化(減少)率為57.57%，證明在100℃下本發明所提供之碳化除水方法亦有明顯的除水效果。 On the other hand, if the reaction temperature is only maintained at 100°C and the pressure is 2.2 bar, the result of banana peel B100 shows that the final product color of banana peel B100 has not turned black, but is still the original color of banana peel. The final product has no carbonization. However, the dehydration percentage of the final product of banana peel B100 is 61.56%, and the overall weight change (reduction) rate is 57.57%, which proves that the carbonized water removal method provided by the present invention also has a significant water removal effect at 100°C.
實驗例三 Experimental example three
由表4結果可知，各組果皮原料的中間產物幾乎已無水分，其含水分僅剩約1-2重量%，且其中主要成分皆為揮發分，介於86.3至94.66重量%，而香蕉B200及西瓜W200之中間產物具有較高的固定碳，分別為7.41重量%和10.24重量%。 It can be seen from the results in Table 4 that the intermediate product of each group of peel raw materials has almost no moisture, and its moisture content is only about 1-2% by weight, and the main components are volatile, ranging from 86.3 to 94.66% by weight, while banana B200 And the intermediate product of watermelon W200 has higher fixed carbon, which is 7.41 wt% and 10.24 wt%, respectively.
圖3為本發明所提供之碳化除水方法處理之步驟S2前後，各組果皮的中間產物在室溫25-30℃下，靜置乾燥12小時下之脫水百分率比較圖。在圖3中，經本發明所提供之碳化除水方法處理之步驟S2後之中間產物，香蕉皮B與B200之間的脫水率可提升59.75%，其次是西瓜皮W與W200之間的脫水率提升約55.15%。中間產物從反應釜拿起後，雖然是極度潮濕，但因其濕度極大部分是因含有溶劑乙醇，鑒於乙醇的快速揮發及中間產物的疏水特性，可達到快速乾燥之效果，代表本發明所提供之碳化除水方法處理之步驟S2可改善產品的疏水性特性。另外，藉由本發明所提供之碳化除水方法處理之步驟S2處理後的廚餘中間產物亦可改進傳統空氣乾燥可能造成廚餘乾燥物產生之惡臭逸散的問題。 Fig. 3 is a comparison diagram of the dehydration percentages of the intermediate products of the peels of each group at room temperature 25-30°C and standing and drying for 12 hours before and after step S2 of the carbonization water removal method provided by the present invention. In Figure 3, the intermediate product after step S2 of the carbonization and water removal method provided by the present invention, the dehydration rate between banana peel B and B200 can be increased by 59.75%, followed by the dehydration rate between watermelon peel W and W200 An increase of about 55.15%. After the intermediate product is picked up from the reaction kettle, although it is extremely humid, most of its humidity is due to the solvent ethanol. In view of the rapid volatilization of ethanol and the hydrophobic nature of the intermediate product, the effect of rapid drying can be achieved, which represents the present invention. The step S2 of the carbonization and water removal method can improve the hydrophobicity of the product. In addition, the intermediate food waste processed by the step S2 of the carbonization water removal method provided by the present invention can also improve the problem of the odor emitted by the dried food waste that may be caused by traditional air drying.
實驗四 Experiment Four
香蕉皮B200於靜置乾燥1小時後，其脫水百分率為13.08%。而香蕉皮B200於風速0.5m/s持續1小時的條件下，其脫水百分率快速達到80.46%，此結果接近12小時靜置乾燥條件下之結果(86.38%)。而香蕉皮B200於風速之1m/s持續1小時的條件下，其脫水百分率更提升為93.42%，即顯示在風速1m/s持續1小時的條件下可將12小時靜置乾燥時間的結果縮短為1小時達成。香蕉皮B100雖未碳化完全，但在風速1m/s持續1小時的條件下，也具有脫水百分率74.30%的效果。再次證明本發明所提供之碳化除水方法具有改變濕基生質物料特性，加速脫水之效果。 Banana peel B200 has a dehydration percentage of 13.08% after standing and drying for 1 hour. The dehydration percentage of banana peel B200 quickly reached 80.46% under the condition of a wind speed of 0.5m/s for 1 hour. This result is close to the result (86.38%) under 12 hours of standing and drying. The dehydration percentage of banana peel B200 is increased to 93.42% under the condition of wind speed of 1m/s for 1 hour, which means that the result of 12 hours of standing drying time can be shortened under the condition of wind speed of 1m/s for 1 hour. Achieved in 1 hour. Although banana peel B100 has not been fully carbonized, it also has a dehydration percentage of 74.30% under the condition of a wind speed of 1m/s for 1 hour. It proves once again that the carbonized water removal method provided by the present invention has the effect of changing the characteristics of wet-based biomass materials and accelerating dehydration.
實驗五 Experiment 5
在未進行本發明所提供之碳化除水方法處理之步驟S2的情況下，香蕉皮B於風速1m/s持續1小時的條件下，其容積密度幾乎無改變。香蕉皮B100於進行本發明所提供之碳化除水方法處理之步驟S2之後，接著於風速1m/s持續1小時的乾燥條件下，最終產物的容積密度下降到0.79g/mL，體積變化率約8.1%。而香蕉皮B200於進行本發明所提供之碳化除水方法處理之步驟S2之後，接著於風速1m/s持續1小時的乾燥條件下，最終產物的容積密度則下降到0.34g/mL，體積變化率約53.5%。由此可知，經由本發明所提供之碳化除水方法，廚餘原料除了重量可減少90%以上之外，其體積亦可減少約50%以上，因此藉由本發明所提供之碳化除水方法處理的廚餘原料可顯著地減少運送時的體積，進而提升廚餘最終產物運送去化的效率。 Without the step S2 of the carbonization and water removal method provided by the present invention, the bulk density of the banana peel B is almost unchanged under the condition of a wind speed of 1 m/s for 1 hour. Banana peel B100 is subjected to step S2 of the carbonization and water removal method provided by the present invention, and then under drying conditions with a wind speed of 1 m/s for 1 hour, the bulk density of the final product drops to 0.79 g/mL, and the volume change rate is about 8.1%. And after banana peel B200 is subjected to step S2 of the carbonization and water removal method provided by the present invention, and then under the drying condition with a wind speed of 1m/s for 1 hour, the bulk density of the final product drops to 0.34g/mL, and the volume changes The rate is about 53.5%. It can be seen that through the carbonization and water removal method provided by the present invention, the weight of food waste raw materials can be reduced by more than 90%, and the volume thereof can also be reduced by more than 50%. Therefore, the carbonization and water removal method provided by the present invention is used for processing The food waste raw materials can significantly reduce the volume during transportation, thereby improving the efficiency of the final food waste transportation.
實驗六 Experiment 6
為探討利用本發明所提供之碳化除水方法所產生之最終產物再利用的可行性，本實驗六測試其作為廢水脫色劑的碘值指標，結果如表7和圖4。 In order to explore the feasibility of reusing the final product produced by the carbonization water removal method provided by the present invention, this experiment 6 tested its iodine value index as a waste water decoloring agent. The results are shown in Table 7 and Figure 4.
在表7中，各組果皮原料(香蕉皮B、B200、鳳梨皮P、P200、西瓜皮W、W200、及檸檬皮L、L200)經本發明所提供之碳化除水方法處理前後之碘值分析結果。由表7中可見，西瓜原料乾基有最高碘值為177.66mg/g，而跟原料比較，本發明所提供之碳化除水方法處理後碘值均有明顯提升，顯示最終產物具有相當程度的碳化；其中，碳化後香蕉B200有最高的碘值為380.70mg/g，相較於香蕉B提升倍率達7.5倍。 In Table 7, the iodine value analysis of each group of peel raw materials (banana peel B, B200, pineapple peel P, P200, watermelon peel W, W200, and lemon peel L, L200) before and after treatment by the carbonization water removal method provided by the present invention result. It can be seen from Table 7 that the dry basis of the watermelon raw material has the highest iodine value of 177.66 mg/g. Compared with the raw material, the iodine value of the carbonized water removal method provided by the present invention has significantly increased after treatment, indicating that the final product has a considerable degree Carbonization; Among them, Banana B200 has the highest iodine value of 380.70mg/g after carbonization, which is 7.5 times higher than that of Banana B.
實驗七 Experiment Seven
在表8及圖5中，經過本發明所提供之碳化除水方法處理之最終產物之熱值約介於4000-5600kcal/kg，其中香蕉皮B200具有最高的熱值5464.46kcal/kg。由此可知，經過本發明所提供之碳化除水方法處理之最終產物(例如香蕉皮B200)在完全脫水乾燥下亦可作為燃料使用。因此，本發明所提供之碳化除水方法可完全處理生廚餘，將其轉化為生物碳、活性碳及燃料碳使用。 In Table 8 and Figure 5, the calorific value of the final product treated by the carbonization and water removal method provided by the present invention is about 4000-5600 kcal/kg, among which banana peel B200 has the highest calorific value 5464.46 kcal/kg. It can be seen that the final product (for example, banana peel B200) treated by the carbonization and water removal method provided by the present invention can also be used as a fuel under complete dehydration and drying. Therefore, the carbonization and water removal method provided by the present invention can completely treat raw kitchen waste and convert it into biological carbon, activated carbon and fuel carbon for use.
藉由本發明實施例所提供的碳化除水方法，可直接使用於超高濕基的生/熟廚餘原料，次臨界醇類流體可藉由壓力和溫度提升，藉由親水及疏水特性來改變廚餘本身的物化性質，例如水分附著度、含水度、黏度、密度及臭味擴散係數等，可應用在快速脫水除臭的前處理上，大量降低生廚餘及濕基生質廢棄物清運處理費用及焚化費用。另外，在快速脫水效果下，亦可降低一般乾燥或焚化所需的大量耗能。在醇熱反應的高溫下亦足以殺死所有細菌，其可大幅提升處理速度(約2小時)。 With the carbonization and water removal method provided by the embodiments of the present invention, it can be directly used in ultra-high humidity-based raw/cooked kitchen waste raw materials, and the subcritical alcohol fluid can be changed by the pressure and temperature increase, and the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties The physical and chemical properties of kitchen waste, such as moisture adhesion, moisture content, viscosity, density, and odor diffusion coefficient, can be used in the pre-treatment of rapid dehydration and deodorization, which greatly reduces the cleaning of raw kitchen waste and wet-based biomass waste. Transportation costs and incineration costs. In addition, under the effect of rapid dehydration, it can also reduce the large amount of energy consumption required for general drying or incineration. The high temperature of the alcohol thermal reaction is enough to kill all bacteria, which can greatly increase the processing speed (about 2 hours).
將本發明實施例所提供的碳化除水方法與一般水熱碳化技術比較，本發明實施例所提供的碳化除水方法之優點除了可降低次臨界所需之溫度壓力外，其中間產物只含醇類溶劑，因此相較於一般水熱碳技術的產物，本發明實施例所提供的碳化除水方法所產生之中間產物，藉由醇類溶劑之快速揮發特性，可大幅節省中間產物需要再次烘乾除水所需之耗能，進而顯著提升本發明實施例所提供的碳化除水方法所產生之最終產物之熱值及儲存特性，其最終產物之應用價值亦有顯著提升。另一方面，本發明實施例所提供的碳化除水方法所使用的揮發性之醇類溶劑可再次回收供製程使用，以減少醇類溶劑的使用量，進而顯著降低本發明實施例所提供的碳化除水方法的整體處理成本。 Comparing the carbonization water removal method provided by the embodiment of the present invention with the general hydrothermal carbonization technology, the advantages of the carbonization water removal method provided by the embodiment of the present invention can reduce the temperature and pressure required for subcriticality, and the intermediate product only contains Alcohol solvents. Therefore, compared with the products of general hydrothermal carbon technology, the intermediate products produced by the carbonization and water removal method provided in the embodiments of the present invention can greatly save intermediate products due to the rapid volatilization characteristics of alcohol solvents. The energy consumption required for drying and removing water further significantly improves the calorific value and storage characteristics of the final product produced by the carbonized water removal method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, and the application value of the final product is also significantly improved. On the other hand, the volatile alcohol solvent used in the carbonization water removal method provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be recycled for use in the process again, so as to reduce the amount of alcohol solvent used, thereby significantly reducing the amount provided by the embodiment of the present invention. The overall treatment cost of carbonized water removal methods.
以上所述僅為本發明較佳可行實施例而已，舉凡應用本發明說明書及申請專利範圍所為之等效變化，理應包含在本發明之專利範圍內。 The above are only the preferred and feasible embodiments of the present invention. Any equivalent changes made by applying the specification of the present invention and the scope of the patent application should be included in the patent scope of the present invention.
S1、S2、S3:步驟 S1, S2, S3: steps
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| CN105331376A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-02-17 | 华中农业大学 | High-valued treatment device and high-valued treatment method for fresh biomass based on microwave hydrothermal carbonization |
| CN108624377A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-10-09 | 佛山腾鲤新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of high heating value biomass fuel |
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| TW202100461A (en) | 2021-01-01 |
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