TWI691136B - 用於充電裝置之保護電路 - Google Patents
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- H02J7/0026—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/11—DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0034—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using reverse polarity correcting or protecting circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0036—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using connection detecting circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0042—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/547—Voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/001—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection limiting speed of change of electric quantities, e.g. soft switching on or off
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
一種用於直流電壓充電裝置之保護電路,其具有第一輸入端、第一輸出
端、第二輸入端、第二輸出端、可控第一開關、可控第二開關及第一電路。第一輸出端可藉由可控第一開關與第一輸入端電性連接,而第二輸出端可藉由可控第二開關與第二輸入端電性連接。第一電路與第一輸出端及第二輸出端電性連接,且具有電壓表,其適用於確定表徵第一輸出端和第二輸出端之間的電壓的正負符號之電壓值。第一電路設計為可根據電壓值實現第一開關和第二開關之控制。
Description
本發明涉及用於直流電壓充電裝置的保護電路。
在可充電電池如用於帶有電動驅動裝置的交通工具的牽引用蓄電池的充電過程中,在極性反轉的情況下,可能導致短路及電池或充電器受損。
US 2005/0110467 A1揭示了一種汽車用充電器,其具有極性檢測和過電流保護功能。待充電電池根據極性而通過橋接電路以正確的極性連與直流電壓源連接。
US 2015/0137740 A1揭示了一種具有極性反轉保護電路的移動式充電系統,該電路藉由比較器來檢查電池兩端的電壓且在極性反轉時接通繼電器以啟動紅燈。
US 2016/0049819 A1揭示了一種具有極性反轉檢查功能的電池充電器,其中在極性反轉時輸出報警信號。
已知的解決方案中,在充電裝置中設有保險絲和具有從負極支路到正極支路的流向的二極體。當極性反轉時,大電流流過二極體和保險絲,且保險絲會斷掉或燒毀。缺點在於,因保險絲的電阻而在正常運行中所導致的功率損耗。
據此,本發明的目的是提供一種用於直流電壓充電裝置之新型保護電路。
該目的是通過申請專利範圍第1項之主題來實現。
第一開關和第二開關依據在第一輸出端和第二輸出端之間的電壓的正負符號而進行的切換能夠可靠地避免短路。
根據一個較佳的實施方式,第一開關和第二開關形成為接觸器。接觸器可以極低的功率損耗來實現高功率開關,並且可在功率支路中不具有半導體開關的情況下形成保護電路。
根據一個較佳的實施方式,預充電電路並聯連接於第一開關。預充電電路容許充電器和例如連接於其上的牽引用蓄電池之間的電壓的平衡,從而能在不產生火花的情況下進行第一開關的操作。
根據一個較佳的實施方式,第一開關僅在第一輸出端和第二輸出端之間的電壓具有預定的正負符號時才會在一預定時間後被關閉,以使第一輸入端和第一輸出端之間的具有電位平衡。這允許預充電電路的可靠運行。
根據一個較佳的實施方式,第一開關僅在第一輸出端和第一輸入端之間的電位差小於一預定電位差時才會被導通。由此可靠地避免在第一開關接通時有大電流流動,其可能導致第一開關或其它構件損傷。
根據一個較佳的實施方式,電壓表具有測量電阻,並且該電壓表適於通過測量該測量電阻兩端的電壓降來確定電壓值。這實現可靠的電壓測量。
根據一個較佳的實施方式,第一輸入端和第二輸入端與直流電源相連接。保護電路可以由此保護直流電源。
根據一個較佳的實施方式,第一輸出端和第二輸出端電性連接至用於交通工具的充電站。交通工具為了快速充電而需要很大的電流和/或電壓,為此,上述保護電路是極其有利的。
根據一個較佳的實施方式,充電站具有用於待充電之電池的接線端。這簡化了電池的連接。
10:充電裝置
20:保護電路
21:第一輸出端
22:第二輸出端
23:直流電源
25:第一電路
28:電壓表
31:第一開關
32:第二開關
33:預充電電路
41:第一輸入端
42:第二輸入端
50:充電站
52:交通工具
54:電池
61~62:接線端(導線)
71~74:導線
81~82:接線端
83~84:功率半導體開關
86:節點
87~88:個體二極體
本發明的其它細節和有利改進來自以下所述的且如圖所示的、但絕不被視為對本發明限制的實施例以及從屬申請專利範圍,其中:圖1以電路示意圖示出了充電裝置和與其相連接的交通工具;以及圖2以電路示意圖示出了用於圖1的充電裝置的呈半橋形式的直流電源。
圖1繪示了具有接線端61和接線端62的充電裝置10,其通過該些接線端與具有待充電之電池54的交通工具52彼此電性連接。
充電裝置10具有直流電源23、保護電路20且示例性具有充電站50。
保護電路20具有第一輸入端41、第一輸出端21、第二輸入端42、第二輸出端22、可控第一開關31、可控第二開關32及第一電路25。第一輸出端21可通過可控第一開關31電性連接第一輸入端41,且第二輸出端22可以藉由可控第二開關32電性連接至第二輸入端42。第一電路25通過導線74與第一輸出端21電性連接並通過導線73與第二輸出端22電性連接。第一電路25可通過導線71對可控第一開關31進行供電並可通過導線72對可控第二開關32進行供電。
第一電路25具有電壓表28,其適用於確定表徵在第一輸出端21和第二輸出端22之間的電壓的正負符號之電壓值。為此,例如可以測量帶有正負符號的電壓,並且隨後對正負符號進行評估。
第一電路25設計為可根據電壓值實現第一開關31和第二開關32的控制。
第一開關31和第二開關32較佳的是形成為接觸器,但也可例如形成為功率半導體或其它開關。
預充電電路33較佳的是並聯連接於第一開關31。預充電電路用於執行電位補償。為此,電流可通過預充電電路33在第一輸出端21和第一輸入端41之間流動,從而使得第一輸出端21上的電位和第一輸入端41上的電位相同或至少幾乎相同。這有利於在第一開關31關閉時防止或至少減少火花形成。第一輸入端41和第二輸入端42連接於直流電源23,其中,所述連接較佳的是,讓第一輸入端41上的電位高於第二輸入端42上的電位。第一輸出端21和第二輸出端22與充電站50相連接,且充電站50是藉由導線61、62與交通工具52相連接。
工作方式
在基本狀態中,第一開關31和第二開關32並未被導通。當電池54被連接至充電裝置10時,其產生在第一輸出端21和第二輸出端22之間的電壓。沒有電流流過第一開關31和第二開關32,且上述電壓可以藉由電壓表28來測量。如果在這種情況下所確定的電壓值對應於電池54被正確連接時所出現的電壓,則第一電路25可將第一開關31及第二開關32切換為導通,並且可以進行電池54的充電。
反觀,如果電壓值表示電池54極性反轉時,即,例如是,當第二輸出端22上的電位高於第一輸出端21上的電位時,則第一電路25不將第一開關31及第二開關32切換為導通,並且不對被錯誤連接的電池54進行充電。由此可避免電池54或充電裝置10的損壞。
第一開關31較佳的是僅在第一輸出端21和第二輸出端22之間電壓具有預定的正負符號(極性未反轉)時才會在一預定時間之後被關閉,以便預
先藉由預充電電路33來使得第一輸入端41與第一輸出端21之間具有電位平衡。如能估算出電位平衡所需之時間,則該預定時間可例如是被預先設定的,或者如能測量出第一輸出端21與第一輸入端41之間的電位差,則隨後只有當該電位差小於一預定電位差時,第一開關31才會被導通。
電壓表28也可以具有測量電阻,該測量電阻可測量從其上流過的電流所產生的電壓,並從而測量電流方向和帶有正負符號的電壓。
保護電路20能夠可靠地保護充電裝置10和電池54免於極性反轉,並且無需在功率路徑中額外配置保險絲或其他開關元件。使用接觸器作為第一開關31和第二開關32使得保護電路的功率路徑中不需具有額外的半導體開關。如此一來,保護電路20可實現極低的功率損耗。
所示保護電路20例如可以被用於按照標準IEC 61851-23型號4-部分CC的充電模式。
圖2繪示了直流電源23的一個實施例,其具有DC/DC轉換器,亦可被稱為直流電壓轉換器。僅示出一個半橋,其是DC/DC轉換器的組成部分。設有接線端81和接線端82,它們與高壓直流電源相連。接線端81經由一個功率半導體開關83與節點86相連,節點86經由一個功率半導體開關84與接線端82相連。節點86與保護電路20的第一輸入端41相連,接線端82與保護電路20的第二輸入端42相連。在考慮到直流電源23的半橋時,所述接線端81、82為輸入端,而節點41、42為輸出端。功率半導體開關83和84分別與一本體二極體87或88並聯連接。本體二極體87在從節點86至接線端81的流通方向上被接通,而本體二極體88在從接線端82至節點86的流通方向上被接通。藉由,較佳的是,以交替定時的方式來控制功率半導體開關83、84,可以影響第一輸入端41和第二輸入端42之間的電壓。當在這樣的直流電源23中發生電池54的極性反轉時,可能會有來自電池的短路
電流經由本體二極體88流回到電池,從而可能導致充電裝置10或電池54的損壞。藉由保護電路20,能靠排地除這種故障。
當然,在本發明範圍內可以有各種各樣的變化和修改。
10:充電裝置
20:保護電路
21:第一輸出端
22:第二輸出端
23:直流電源
25:第一電路
28:電壓表
31:第一開關
32:第二開關
33:預充電電路
41:第一輸入端
42:第二輸入端
50:充電站
52:交通工具
54:電池
61~62:接線端(導線)
71~74:導線
Claims (9)
- 一種用於直流電壓充電裝置之保護電路,該保護電路具有第一輸入端、第一輸出端、第二輸入端、第二輸出端、可控第一開關、可控第二開關和第一電路,其中,該第一輸出端通過該可控第一開關與該第一輸入端電性連接,該第二輸出端通過該可控第二開關與該第二輸入端電性連接,該第一電路與該第一輸出端電性連接,該第一電路與該第二輸出端電性連接,該第一電路具有電壓表,當該第一輸入端與該第二輸入端通過直流電源接收直流電壓且該第一輸出端與該第二輸出端電性連接至電池時,該電壓表適用於確定該第一輸出端和該第二輸出端之間具正負符號之電壓值,該第一電路根據該電壓值判斷是否導通該可控第一開關和該可控第二開關以對該電池進行充電。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之保護電路,其中,該可控第一開關和該可控第二開關形成為接觸器。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項所述之保護電路,其中,預充電電路並聯連接於該可控第一開關。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之保護電路,其中,該可控第一開關僅在該第一輸出端和該第二輸出端之間的該電壓具有預定的正負符號時才會在一預定時間之後被關閉,以使該第一輸入端與該第一輸出端之間具有電位平衡。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之保護電路,其中,該可控第一 開關僅在該第一輸出端與該第一輸入端之間的電位差小於一預定的電位差時才被導通。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項所述之保護電路,其中,該電壓表具有測量電阻,並且該電壓表適於通過測量該測量電阻兩端的電壓降來確定該電壓值。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項所述之保護電路,其中,該第一輸入端和該第二輸入端連接於直流電源。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項所述之保護電路,其中,該第一輸出端和該第二輸出端電性連接至用於交通工具的充電站。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之保護電路,其中,該充電站具有用於待充電之電池的接線端。
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US10630092B2 (en) | 2020-04-21 |
CN109510253A (zh) | 2019-03-22 |
TW201921823A (zh) | 2019-06-01 |
CN109510253B (zh) | 2022-09-16 |
DE102017121441A1 (de) | 2019-03-21 |
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