TWI685187B - Bi-directional dc-to-dc converter - Google Patents
Bi-directional dc-to-dc converter Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Description
本發明係有關一種雙向直流對直流轉換器,尤指一種三相雙向直流對直流轉換器。 The invention relates to a bidirectional DC-DC converter, in particular to a three-phase bidirectional DC-DC converter.
現有諧振式直流對直流轉換器通常透過增加諧振電感與諧振電容的使用,來達到具有雙向電壓轉換、電能傳遞的功能。典型地,諧振式直流對直流轉換器的輸入側為高電壓側,其輸出側為低電壓側。從高電壓側往低電壓側方向的操作,可稱為順向操作(或稱為降壓操作);從低電壓側往高電壓側方向的操作,可稱為逆向操作(或稱為升壓操作)。 Existing resonant DC-DC converters usually achieve the functions of bidirectional voltage conversion and energy transfer by increasing the use of resonant inductors and resonant capacitors. Typically, the input side of the resonant DC-DC converter is the high voltage side, and the output side is the low voltage side. Operation from the high voltage side to the low voltage side can be called forward operation (or buck operation); operation from the low voltage side to the high voltage side can be called reverse operation (or boost) operating).
對現有的雙向諧振式直流對直流轉換器而言,其存在明顯的缺陷在於:一、順向操作下,不易實現寬輸入寬輸出的功效;二、在逆向操作下,不易達到實現高電壓增益的功效;以及三、不易實現雙向諧振式直流對直流轉換器的高效率與高功率密度的要求。 For the existing two-way resonant DC-DC converter, its obvious defects are: First, it is not easy to achieve the effect of wide input and wide output under forward operation; Second, it is not easy to achieve high voltage gain under reverse operation Efficiency; and three, it is not easy to achieve the requirements of high efficiency and high power density of the bidirectional resonant DC-DC converter.
為達成前揭目的,本發明所提出的雙向直流對直流轉換器,其轉換輸入直流電壓,以提供輸出直流電壓。雙向直流對直流轉換器包含初級側半橋開關橋臂電路、CLLLC諧振槽電路以及次級側半橋開關橋臂電路。初級側半橋開關橋臂電路接收輸入直流電壓,且轉換輸入直流電壓為第一電壓。CLLLC 諧振槽電路耦接初級側半橋開關橋臂電路,且由第一電壓控制,以輸出第二電壓。次級側半橋開關橋臂電路耦接CLLLC諧振槽電路,接收第二電壓,且轉換第二電壓為輸出直流電壓。 To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the bidirectional DC-DC converter proposed by the present invention converts the input DC voltage to provide the output DC voltage. The bidirectional DC-DC converter includes a primary side half-bridge switching bridge arm circuit, a CLLLC resonant tank circuit, and a secondary side half-bridge switching bridge arm circuit. The primary side half-bridge switch bridge arm circuit receives the input DC voltage and converts the input DC voltage to the first voltage. CLLLC The resonant tank circuit is coupled to the primary side half-bridge switching bridge arm circuit, and is controlled by the first voltage to output the second voltage. The secondary side half-bridge switch bridge arm circuit is coupled to the CLLLC resonant tank circuit, receives the second voltage, and converts the second voltage to an output DC voltage.
在一實施例中,CLLLC諧振槽電路的任一相包含提供一激磁電感的變壓器、兩諧振電感以及兩諧振電容。 In one embodiment, any phase of the CLLLC resonant tank circuit includes a transformer that provides a magnetizing inductance, two resonant inductances, and two resonant capacitors.
在一實施例中,變壓器為星形連接結構。 In one embodiment, the transformer has a star connection structure.
在一實施例中,兩諧振電感的元件參數值為對稱或近似對稱,兩諧振電容的元件參數值為對稱或近似對稱。 In an embodiment, the component parameter values of the two resonant inductors are symmetric or approximately symmetric, and the component parameter values of the two resonant capacitors are symmetric or approximately symmetric.
在一實施例中,初級側半橋開關橋臂電路包含開關橋臂電路。開關橋臂電路係由輸入直流電壓供電,開關橋臂電路包含具有第一開關與第二開關的第一橋臂、具有第三開關與第四開關的第二橋臂以及具有第五開關與第六開關的第三橋臂。 In one embodiment, the primary side half-bridge switch bridge circuit includes a switch bridge circuit. The switch bridge arm circuit is powered by the input DC voltage. The switch bridge arm circuit includes a first bridge arm having a first switch and a second switch, a second bridge arm having a third switch and a fourth switch, and a fifth switch and a first switch. The third bridge arm of six switches.
在一實施例中,次級側半橋開關橋臂電路包含開關橋臂電路。開關橋臂電路係提供輸出直流電壓,開關橋臂電路包含具有第一開關與第二開關的第一橋臂、具有第三開關與第四開關的第二橋臂以及具有第五開關與第六開關的第三橋臂。 In one embodiment, the secondary side half-bridge switch bridge circuit includes a switch bridge circuit. The switch bridge arm circuit provides an output DC voltage. The switch bridge arm circuit includes a first bridge arm having a first switch and a second switch, a second bridge arm having a third switch and a fourth switch, and a fifth switch and a sixth switch. The third arm of the switch.
在一實施例中,各橋臂的開關為電晶體開關。 In an embodiment, the switches of each bridge arm are transistor switches.
為了能更進一步瞭解本發明為達成預定目的所採取之技術、手段及功效,請參閱以下有關本發明之詳細說明與附圖,相信本發明之目的、特徵與特點,當可由此得一深入且具體之瞭解,然而所附圖式僅提供參考與說明用,並非用來對本發明加以限制者。 In order to further understand the technology, means and effects of the present invention to achieve the intended purpose, please refer to the following detailed description and drawings of the present invention. I believe the purpose, features and characteristics of the present invention can be obtained in depth and For specific understanding, the accompanying drawings are provided for reference and explanation only, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Vin+,Vin-‧‧‧輸入直流電壓 Vin+, Vin-‧‧‧ input DC voltage
Vout+,Vout-‧‧‧輸出直流電壓 Vout+, Vout-‧‧‧ output DC voltage
10‧‧‧雙向直流對直流轉換器 10‧‧‧Bidirectional DC-DC converter
11‧‧‧初級側半橋開關橋臂電路 11‧‧‧ Primary side half-bridge switch bridge arm circuit
12‧‧‧CLLLC諧振槽電路 12‧‧‧CLLLC resonant tank circuit
13‧‧‧次級側半橋開關橋臂電路 13‧‧‧ Secondary side half-bridge switch bridge arm circuit
Cin‧‧‧輸入電容 Cin‧‧‧Input capacitance
Co‧‧‧輸出電容 Co‧‧‧ Output capacitance
Qa1~Qa6‧‧‧開關 Qa1~Qa6‧‧‧switch
Qa7~Qa12‧‧‧開關 Qa7~Qa12‧‧‧switch
Txa1~Txb3‧‧‧變壓器 Txa1~Txb3‧‧‧transformer
Cra1~Cra6‧‧‧諧振電容 Cra1~Cra6‧‧‧‧Resonant capacitor
Lra1~Lra6‧‧‧諧振電感 Lra1~Lra6‧‧‧‧Resonant inductor
S1~S6‧‧‧控制信號 S1~S6‧‧‧Control signal
CQ1~CQ3‧‧‧電壓增益曲線 C Q1 ~C Q3 ‧‧‧Voltage gain curve
fr1‧‧‧第一諧振頻率 fr1‧‧‧First resonance frequency
fr2‧‧‧第二諧振頻率 fr2‧‧‧Second resonance frequency
Gv‧‧‧電壓增益 Gv‧‧‧Voltage gain
圖1:為本發明雙向直流對直流轉換器的電路圖。 Figure 1: The circuit diagram of the bidirectional DC-DC converter of the present invention.
圖2:為本發明雙向直流對直流轉換器之CLLLC諧振槽電路的單相等效電路圖。 Figure 2: The single-phase equivalent circuit diagram of the CLLLC resonant tank circuit of the bidirectional DC-DC converter of the present invention.
圖3:為本發明雙向直流對直流轉換器之三相交錯半橋開關橋臂的控制方式的波形圖。 FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram of the control mode of the three-phase interleaved half-bridge switching bridge arm of the bidirectional DC-DC converter of the present invention.
圖4:為本發明雙向直流對直流轉換器的電壓增益示意圖。 4 is a schematic diagram of the voltage gain of the bidirectional DC-DC converter of the present invention.
茲有關本發明之技術內容及詳細說明,配合圖式說明如下。 The technical content and detailed description of the present invention are explained below in conjunction with the drawings.
請參見圖1所示,其係為本發明雙向直流對直流轉換器的電路圖。雙向直流對直流轉換器10可應用於雙向直流電能轉換的需求,例如但不限制為雙向儲能系統中使用的雙向直流對直流轉換。
Please refer to FIG. 1, which is a circuit diagram of a bidirectional DC-DC converter of the present invention. The bidirectional DC-
圖1所示的雙向直流對直流轉換器10為三相電路拓樸,其主要包含初級側半橋開關橋臂電路11(或稱高壓側半橋開關橋臂電路)、CLLLC諧振槽電路12以及次級側半橋開關橋臂電路13(或稱低壓側半橋開關橋臂電路)。初級側半橋開關橋臂電路11的輸入側耦接輸入直流電壓Vin+,Vin-,初級側半橋開關橋臂電路11的輸出側耦接CLLLC諧振槽電路12的輸入側。CLLLC諧振槽電路12的輸出側耦接次級側半橋開關橋臂電路13的輸入側,次級側半橋開關橋臂電路13的輸出側耦接輸出直流電壓Vout+,Vout-。其中,初級側半橋開關橋臂電路11係透過交錯(interleaved)的方式,以相位依次互差120度的方式達到三相交錯控制,容後說明。同樣地,次級側半橋開關橋臂電路13亦透過交錯的方式,以相位依次互差120度的方式達到三相交錯控制。
The bidirectional DC-
初級側半橋開關橋臂電路11的輸入側耦接輸入直流電壓Vin+,Vin-,其中正輸入電壓Vin+與負輸入電壓Vin-係跨壓於輸入電容Cin上,以供電初級側半橋開關橋臂電路11的開關橋臂電路。
The input side of the primary side half-bridge switching
開關橋臂電路包含三橋臂,分別為具有第一開關Qa1與第二開關Qa2的第一橋臂、具有第三開關Qa3與第四開關Qa4的第二橋臂以及具有第五開關Qa5與第六開關Qa6的第三橋臂。其中,第一開關Qa1與第二開關Qa2耦接於A點、第三開關Qa3與第四開關Qa4耦接於B點以及第五開關Qa5與第六開關Qa6耦接於C點。 The switch bridge arm circuit includes three bridge arms, which are a first bridge arm having a first switch Qa1 and a second switch Qa2, a second bridge arm having a third switch Qa3 and a fourth switch Qa4, and a fifth switch Qa5 and a sixth switch The third arm of switch Qa6. The first switch Qa1 and the second switch Qa2 are coupled to point A, the third switch Qa3 and the fourth switch Qa4 are coupled to point B, and the fifth switch Qa5 and the sixth switch Qa6 are coupled to point C.
次級側半橋開關橋臂電路13的輸出側耦接輸出直流電壓Vout+,Vout-,其中正輸出電壓Vout+與負輸出電壓Vout-係跨壓於輸出電容Co上,以提供正輸出電壓Vout+與負輸出電壓Vout-。
The output side of the secondary side half-bridge
開關橋臂電路包含三橋臂,分別為具有第一開關Qa7與第二開關Qa8的第一橋臂、具有第三開關Qa9與第四開關Qa10的第二橋臂以及具有第五開關Qa11與第六開關Qa12的第三橋臂。其中,第一開關Qa7與第二開關Qa8耦接於X點、第三開關Qa9與第四開關Qa10耦接於Y點以及第五開關Qa11與第六開關Qa12耦接於Z點。其中,上述開關可為電晶體開關,例如但不限制為金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體(MOSFET)、雙載子接面電晶體(BJT)或絕緣柵雙極電晶體(IGBT)。 The switch bridge arm circuit includes three bridge arms, which are a first bridge arm having a first switch Qa7 and a second switch Qa8, a second bridge arm having a third switch Qa9 and a fourth switch Qa10, and a fifth switch Qa11 and a sixth switch. The third arm of switch Qa12. The first switch Qa7 and the second switch Qa8 are coupled to point X, the third switch Qa9 and the fourth switch Qa10 are coupled to point Y, and the fifth switch Qa11 and the sixth switch Qa12 are coupled to point Z. Wherein, the above switch may be a transistor switch, such as but not limited to a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), a double carrier junction transistor (BJT) or an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT).
復參見圖1為例說明,CLLLC諧振槽電路12的輸入側耦接初級側半橋開關橋臂電路11的輸出側,CLLLC諧振槽電路12的輸出側耦接次級側半橋開關橋臂電路13的輸入側。相應於雙向直流對直流轉換器10為三相電路拓樸,CLLLC諧振槽電路12具有一組三相CLLLC諧振槽。
Referring again to FIG. 1 as an example, the input side of the CLLLC
三相CLLLC諧振槽具有三個單相CLLLC諧振槽,分別為第一單相CLLLC諧振槽、第二單相CLLLC諧振槽以及第三單相CLLLC諧振槽。其中
第一單相CLLLC諧振槽包含第一諧振電容Cra1、第一諧振電感Lra1、具有第一激磁電感的第一變壓器Txa1、第二諧振電感Lra4以及第二諧振電容Cra4,以構成所述”CLLLC諧振槽”的架構,即每相的諧振槽係由一激磁電感、兩諧振電感以及兩諧振電容所組成。其中第一單相CLLLC諧振槽耦接於初級側半橋開關橋臂電路11的A點與次級側半橋開關橋臂電路13的X點之間。
The three-phase CLLLC resonant tank has three single-phase CLLLC resonant tanks, namely a first single-phase CLLLC resonant tank, a second single-phase CLLLC resonant tank, and a third single-phase CLLLC resonant tank. among them
The first single-phase CLLLC resonant tank includes a first resonant capacitor Cra1, a first resonant inductor Lra1, a first transformer Txa1 with a first magnetizing inductor, a second resonant inductor Lra4, and a second resonant capacitor Cra4 to form the "CLLLC resonance" The "groove" structure, that is, the resonance groove of each phase is composed of a magnetizing inductance, two resonance inductances, and two resonance capacitances. The first single-phase CLLLC resonant tank is coupled between point A of the primary side half-bridge switch
同樣地,第二單相CLLLC諧振槽包含第三諧振電容Cra2、第三諧振電感Lra2、具有第二激磁電感的第二變壓器Txa2、第四諧振電感Lra5以及第四諧振電容Cra5,以構成所述”CLLLC諧振槽”的架構,即每相的諧振槽係由一激磁電感、兩諧振電感以及兩諧振電容所組成。其中第二單相CLLLC諧振槽耦接於初級側半橋開關橋臂電路11的B點與次級側半橋開關橋臂電路13的Y點之間。
Similarly, the second single-phase CLLLC resonant tank includes a third resonant capacitor Cra2, a third resonant inductor Lra2, a second transformer Txa2 having a second magnetizing inductance, a fourth resonant inductor Lra5, and a fourth resonant capacitor Cra5 to constitute the The structure of "CLLLC resonance tank", that is, the resonance tank of each phase is composed of a magnetizing inductance, two resonance inductances and two resonance capacitors. The second single-phase CLLLC resonant tank is coupled between the point B of the primary side half-bridge switch
同樣地,第三單相CLLLC諧振槽包含第五諧振電容Cra3、第五諧振電感Lra3、具有第三激磁電感的第三變壓器Txa3、第六諧振電感Lra6以及第六諧振電容Cra6,以構成所述”CLLLC諧振槽”的架構,即每相的諧振槽係由一激磁電感、兩諧振電感以及兩諧振電容所組成。其中第三單相CLLLC諧振槽耦接於初級側半橋開關橋臂電路11的C點與次級側半橋開關橋臂電路13的Z點之間。
Similarly, the third single-phase CLLLC resonant tank includes a fifth resonant capacitor Cra3, a fifth resonant inductor Lra3, a third transformer Txa3 with a third magnetizing inductor, a sixth resonant inductor Lra6, and a sixth resonant capacitor Cra6 to constitute the The structure of "CLLLC resonance tank", that is, the resonance tank of each phase is composed of a magnetizing inductance, two resonance inductances and two resonance capacitors. The third single-phase CLLLC resonance tank is coupled between the point C of the primary side half-bridge switch
在本發明中,每相CLLLC諧振槽的變壓器(即變壓器Txa1~Txa3、變壓器Txb1~Txb3)的初級側與次級側皆為Y連接(星形連接)架構,因此每相CLLLC諧振槽的變壓器為Y-Y連接的拓樸。藉此透過Y-Y連接的電路結構,可實現三相平衡以及達到電流均流的功效。 In the present invention, the primary side and secondary side of the transformer of each phase CLLLC resonant tank (ie, transformers Txa1~Txa3, transformers Txb1~Txb3) are Y-connected (star-connected) architecture, so the transformer of each phase CLLLC resonant tank Topology for YY connection. Through the circuit structure connected by Y-Y, three-phase balance and current sharing can be achieved.
以第一單相CLLLC諧振槽為例,第一諧振電容Cra1與第一諧振電感Lra1串聯耦接於第一變壓器Txa1的初級側,且第二諧振電感Lra4與第二 諧振電容Cra4串聯耦接於第一變壓器Txa1的次級側。據此,配合第一變壓器Txa1的激磁電感,形成所謂CLLLC諧振槽的結構。 Taking the first single-phase CLLLC resonant tank as an example, the first resonant capacitor Cra1 and the first resonant inductor Lra1 are coupled in series to the primary side of the first transformer Txa1, and the second resonant inductor Lra4 and the second The resonance capacitor Cra4 is coupled in series to the secondary side of the first transformer Txa1. According to this, in accordance with the magnetizing inductance of the first transformer Txa1, a structure of a so-called CLLLC resonance tank is formed.
再者,透過對稱設計或近似對稱設計的CLLLC諧振槽電路,即對於變壓器的初級側與次級側所耦接的諧振電容與諧振電感元件參數值的對稱設計或近似對稱設計,可滿足電源雙向操作下的寬電壓範圍與高電壓增益之要求。以第一單相CLLLC諧振槽為例,根據第一變壓器Txa1的初級側線圈與次級側線圈的匝數比關係(對阻抗設計而言係指匝數比平方的關係),設計第一諧振電容Cra1與第二諧振電容Cra4的電容值,以及設計第一諧振電感Lra1與第二諧振電感Lra4的電感值,藉此,可滿足電源雙向操作下的寬電壓範圍與高電壓增益之要求。其他單相CLLLC諧振槽亦具有相同電路拓樸設計與元件參數設計的要求,可參見前述第一單相CLLLC諧振槽為例的說明,在此不再贅述。 Furthermore, through the CLLLC resonant tank circuit of symmetrical design or approximately symmetrical design, that is, the symmetrical design or approximately symmetrical design of the resonance capacitor and resonant inductance component parameter values coupled to the primary side and the secondary side of the transformer can meet the bidirectional power supply The wide voltage range and high voltage gain requirements under operation. Taking the first single-phase CLLLC resonant tank as an example, the first resonance is designed according to the turns ratio relationship between the primary side coil and the secondary side coil of the first transformer Txa1 (for impedance design, it refers to the relationship of the square turns ratio) The capacitance values of the capacitor Cra1 and the second resonant capacitor Cra4, and the inductance values of the first resonant inductor Lra1 and the second resonant inductor Lra4 are designed to meet the requirements of a wide voltage range and high voltage gain under bidirectional operation of the power supply. Other single-phase CLLLC resonant tanks also have the same circuit topology design and component parameter design requirements. Please refer to the foregoing description of the first single-phase CLLLC resonant tank as an example, which will not be repeated here.
配合參見圖2與圖3所示,其係分別為本發明雙向直流對直流轉換器之CLLLC諧振槽電路的單相等效電路圖以及三相交錯半橋開關橋臂的控制方式的波形圖。如圖3與圖1所示,以初級側半橋開關橋臂電路11的上開關橋臂電路的控制為例,進行相位依次互差120度的三相交錯控制,其中開關控制信號S1,S2分別控制上開關橋臂電路的第一開關Qa1與第二開關Qa2,開關控制信號S3,S4分別控制上開關橋臂電路的第三開關Qa3與第四開關Qa4,以及開關控制信號S5,S6分別控制上開關橋臂電路的第五開關Qa5與第六開關Qa6,即每一開關橋臂的控制時序相互間隔120度,藉此所產生高頻交流方波的輸入電壓VAB,VBC,VCA則供電CLLLC諧振槽電路12。
2 and 3, which are respectively a single-phase equivalent circuit diagram of the CLLLC resonant tank circuit of the bidirectional DC-DC converter of the present invention and a waveform diagram of the control mode of the three-phase interleaved half-bridge switching bridge arm. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 1, taking the control of the upper switching bridge arm circuit of the primary side half-bridge switching
如圖2所示,圖3所產生的A、B相電壓(輸入電壓VAB)係供電第一單相CLLLC諧振槽與第二單相CLLLC諧振槽。同樣地,B、C相電壓(輸入電壓VBC)係供電第二單相CLLLC諧振槽與第三單相CLLLC諧振槽;C、A相電壓(輸入電壓VCA)係供電第三單相CLLLC諧振槽與第一單相CLLLC諧振槽。附帶一提,
圖2可視為單相的CLLLC諧振槽電路12於初級側或次級側的等效電路,即經過初級側線圈與次級側線圈的匝數比關係的轉換,其中包含激磁電感Lm、諧振電感Lr1,Lr2以及諧振電容Cr1,Cr2。
As shown in FIG. 2, the A and B phase voltages (input voltage V AB ) generated in FIG. 3 supply the first single-phase CLLLC resonant tank and the second single-phase CLLLC resonant tank. Similarly, the B and C phase voltages (input voltage V BC ) supply the second single-phase CLLLC resonance tank and the third single-phase CLLLC resonance tank; the C and A phase voltages (input voltage V CA ) supply the third single-phase CLLLC The resonant tank and the first single-phase CLLLC resonant tank. Incidentally, FIG. 2 can be regarded as the equivalent circuit of the single-phase CLLLC
以圖2為例的CLLLC諧振槽電路12,由於激磁電感與諧振電感的作用,因此其產生兩個諧振頻率,分別為第一諧振頻率fr1與第二諧振頻率fr2。其中,第一諧振頻率;第二諧振頻率;其中,第一諧振頻率fr1大於第二諧振頻率fr2。
Taking the CLLLC
當開關切換頻率大於第一諧振頻率fr1時,CLLLC諧振槽電路12相當於操作為串聯諧振式轉換器(SRC)狀態,且串聯諧振電路具有零電壓切換(ZVS)的特性。當操作於SRC狀態下,電壓增益小於或等於1,並且電壓增益最大值是發生在當切換頻率等於第一諧振頻率fr1時。
When the switching frequency of the switch is greater than the first resonant frequency fr1, the CLLLC
當開關切換頻率小於第一諧振頻率fr1,且大於第二諧振頻率fr2時,CLLLC諧振槽電路12相當於操作為LLC諧振式轉換器(LLC)狀態。LLC與SRC的差異主要在於前者(LLC)加入了激磁電感Lm作為諧振元件,因此兩者皆具有零電壓切換(ZVS)的特性。此外,當操作於LLC狀態下,電壓增益大於或等於1,並且LLC諧振式轉換器兼具有整流以及零電流切換(ZCS)的特性。
When the switching frequency of the switch is less than the first resonant frequency fr1 and greater than the second resonant frequency fr2, the CLLLC
故此,透過改變不同的開關切換頻率,使得CLLLC諧振槽電路12提供具有零電壓切換(ZVS)以及零電流切換(ZCS)的電路特性,以實現所有開關的柔性切換,有效地減少切換損失,以提高轉換器的整體效率。
Therefore, by changing different switching frequencies, the CLLLC
附帶一提,前揭記載的近似對稱設計的CLLLC諧振槽電路係指透過對諧振電容與諧振電感元件參數值的設計,使得順向操作時的第一諧振頻率 fr1與逆向操作時的第一諧振頻率fr1兩者相差在±20%以內。以第一諧振頻率為例,配合參見圖1,在順向操作時,可透過設計諧振電感Lr1為Lra1、Lra2或者Lra3,設計諧振電容Cr1為Cra1、Cra2或者Cra3;在逆向操作時,可透過設計諧振電感Lr1為Lra4、Lra5或者Lra6,設計諧振電容Cr1為Cra4、Cra5或者Cra5,使得滿足順向操作時的第一諧振頻率fr1與逆向操作時的第一諧振頻率fr1兩者相差在±20%以內的要求,以實現CLLLC諧振槽電路的近似對稱設計。 By the way, the CLLLC resonant tank circuit of the approximately symmetrical design described in the previous disclosure refers to the design of the parameter values of the resonant capacitor and the resonant inductance element to make the first resonance frequency fr1 in forward operation and the first resonance in reverse operation The frequency fr1 is within ±20%. At the first resonant frequency For example, referring to FIG. 1, in forward operation, the resonant inductor Lr1 can be designed as Lra1, Lra2 or Lra3, and the resonant capacitor Cr1 can be designed as Cra1, Cra2 or Cra3; in reverse operation, the resonant inductor Lr1 can be designed as For Lra4, Lra5 or Lra6, design the resonant capacitor Cr1 to be Cra4, Cra5 or Cra5 so that the first resonance frequency fr1 in forward operation and the first resonance frequency fr1 in reverse operation are within ±20% of the difference, In order to realize the approximately symmetrical design of CLLLC resonant tank circuit.
請參見圖4所示,其係為本發明雙向直流對直流轉換器的電壓增益示意圖。根據前述CLLLC諧振槽電路12的設計,可得到如圖4所示意的順向操作時的電壓增益Gv。其中圖4示出三條電壓增益曲線,即第一電壓增益曲線CQ1、第二電壓增益曲線CQ2以及第三電壓增益曲線CQ3。其中,三條電壓增益曲線的共同交會為當操作頻率等於第一諧振頻率fr1時。具體地,三條電壓增益曲線代表著在不同品質因數(Q值)下,CLLLC諧振槽電路12的電壓增益。其中,品質因數(Q值)係指在系統的諧振頻率下,當信號振幅不隨時間變化時,系統儲存能量和每個週期外界所提供能量的比例,亦即高Q值表示諧振時的能量損失速率較慢,諧振持續較長的時間,反之低Q值表示諧振時的能量損失速率較快,諧振持續較短的時間。因此,第一電壓增益曲線CQ1的品質因數係小於第二電壓增益曲線CQ2的品質因數,且第二電壓增益曲線CQ2的品質因數係小於第三電壓增益曲線CQ3的品質因數。
Please refer to FIG. 4, which is a schematic diagram of the voltage gain of the bidirectional DC-DC converter of the present invention. According to the design of the aforementioned CLLLC
藉此,除了可透過改變不同的開關切換頻率,使得CLLLC諧振槽電路12提供具有零電壓切換(ZVS)以及零電流切換(ZCS)的電路特性之外,更使得CLLLC諧振槽電路12為順向操作時可提供較佳(大於1)的電壓增益Gv。同樣
地,當CLLLC諧振槽電路12為逆向操作時,亦可提供較佳(大於1)的電壓增益Gv。再者,為滿足電源雙向操作下的寬電壓範圍與高電壓增益之要求,本發明係採對稱設計或近似對稱設計的CLLLC諧振槽電路,因此,逆向操作時的電壓增益Gv亦與圖4所示的電壓增益示意圖近似,在此不再加以贅述。綜上所述,本發明的雙向直流對直流轉換器10可於順向(降壓)操作與逆向(升壓)操作時,皆可實現高電壓增益的功效。
In this way, in addition to changing the different switching frequencies, the CLLLC
綜上所述,本發明具有以下之特徵與優點: In summary, the present invention has the following features and advantages:
1、透過對稱設計或近似對稱設計的CLLLC諧振槽電路,即對於變壓器的初級側與次級側所耦接的諧振電容與諧振電感元件參數值的對稱設計或近似對稱設計,可滿足電源雙向操作下的寬電壓範圍與高電壓增益之要求。 1. Through the symmetrical design or approximately symmetrical design of the CLLLC resonant tank circuit, that is, the symmetrical design or approximately symmetrical design of the resonance capacitor and resonant inductance component parameter values coupled to the primary and secondary sides of the transformer can meet the bidirectional operation of the power supply Under the wide voltage range and high voltage gain requirements.
2、CLLLC諧振槽電路具有複數個Y-Y連接的變壓器Txa1~Txa3,藉此透過Y-Y連接的電路結構,可實現三相平衡以及達到電流均流的功效。 2. The CLLLC resonant tank circuit has a plurality of Y-Y connected transformers Txa1~Txa3, so that through the Y-Y connected circuit structure, three-phase balance and current sharing can be achieved.
3、透過改變不同的開關切換頻率,使得CLLLC諧振槽電路提供具有零電壓切換(ZVS)以及零電流切換(ZCS)的電路特性,以實現所有開關的柔性切換,有效地減少切換損失,以提高轉換器的整體效率。 3. By changing different switching frequencies, the CLLLC resonant tank circuit provides circuit characteristics with zero voltage switching (ZVS) and zero current switching (ZCS) to achieve flexible switching of all switches, effectively reducing switching losses, and improving The overall efficiency of the converter.
4、本發明所提出的雙向直流對直流轉換器,可實現在順向操作下,容易達到寬輸入寬輸出的功效;在逆向操作下,容易達到實現高電壓增益的功效;以及容易實現雙向諧振式直流對直流轉換器的高效率與高功率密度的要求。 4. The bidirectional DC-DC converter proposed by the present invention can achieve the effect of wide input and wide output in forward operation; in reverse operation, it can easily achieve the effect of high voltage gain; and the bidirectional resonance is easy to achieve The requirement of high efficiency and high power density of DC-to-DC converter.
以上所述,僅為本發明較佳具體實施例之詳細說明與圖式,惟本發明之特徵並不侷限於此,並非用以限制本發明,本發明之所有範圍應以下述之申請專利範圍為準,凡合於本發明申請專利範圍之精神與其類似變化之實施 例,皆應包含於本發明之範疇中,任何熟悉該項技藝者在本發明之領域內,可輕易思及之變化或修飾皆可涵蓋在以下本案之專利範圍。 The above are only the detailed descriptions and drawings of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the features of the present invention are not limited to this, and are not intended to limit the present invention. All the scope of the present invention should be based on the following patent applications Subject to the implementation of the spirit and similar changes within the scope of the patent application of the present invention For example, all should be included in the scope of the present invention, and any person who is familiar with this skill in the field of the present invention can easily think of changes or modifications that can be covered by the patent scope of the following case.
Vin+,Vin-‧‧‧輸入直流電壓 Vin+, Vin-‧‧‧ input DC voltage
Vout+,Vout-‧‧‧輸出直流電壓 Vout+, Vout-‧‧‧ output DC voltage
10‧‧‧雙向直流對直流轉換器 10‧‧‧Bidirectional DC-DC converter
11‧‧‧初級側半橋開關橋臂電路 11‧‧‧ Primary side half-bridge switch bridge arm circuit
12‧‧‧CLLLC諧振槽電路 12‧‧‧CLLLC resonant tank circuit
13‧‧‧次級側半橋開關橋臂電路 13‧‧‧ Secondary side half-bridge switch bridge arm circuit
Cin‧‧‧輸入電容 Cin‧‧‧Input capacitance
Co‧‧‧輸出電容 Co‧‧‧ Output capacitance
Qa1~Qa6‧‧‧開關 Qa1~Qa6‧‧‧switch
Qa7~Qa12‧‧‧開關 Qa7~Qa12‧‧‧switch
Txa1~Txa3‧‧‧變壓器 Txa1~Txa3‧‧‧transformer
Cra1~Cra3,Cra4~Cra6‧‧‧諧振電容 Cra1~Cra3, Cra4~Cra6 ‧‧‧ resonant capacitor
Lra1~Lra3,Lra4~Lra6‧‧‧諧振電感 Lra1~Lra3, Lra4~Lra6 ‧‧‧Resonance inductance
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WO2018006960A1 (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2018-01-11 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Two-transformer three-phase dc-dc resonant converter |
CN107994777A (en) * | 2017-12-10 | 2018-05-04 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of CLLLC types bidirectional DC-DC converter method for controlling frequency conversion |
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WO2018006960A1 (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2018-01-11 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Two-transformer three-phase dc-dc resonant converter |
CN107994777A (en) * | 2017-12-10 | 2018-05-04 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of CLLLC types bidirectional DC-DC converter method for controlling frequency conversion |
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