TWI682395B - Redirecting method of unmapped address of solid state hard disk - Google Patents

Redirecting method of unmapped address of solid state hard disk Download PDF

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TWI682395B
TWI682395B TW108104149A TW108104149A TWI682395B TW I682395 B TWI682395 B TW I682395B TW 108104149 A TW108104149 A TW 108104149A TW 108104149 A TW108104149 A TW 108104149A TW I682395 B TWI682395 B TW I682395B
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address
pages
block
data
unmapped
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TW108104149A
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TW202030733A (en
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張柏堅
黃永賜
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睿寬智能科技有限公司
江蘇芯盛智能科技有限公司
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Abstract

本發明係揭露一種固態硬碟的未映射位址的重導向方法，提供一個NAND記憶體。該NAND記憶體有若干區塊，且每個區塊有若干頁。從該NAND記憶體的區塊選一個區塊。從被選的區塊選若干頁當作「0」的專用頁，且將其資料寫為「0」，並另選若干頁當作「1」的專用頁，且將其資料寫為「1」。從主機接收一個讀取固態硬碟的某位址的資料的要求，隨後判斷這位址是否一個未映射位址。若這位址是未映射位址，則從「0」或「1」的專用頁傳「0」或「1」給主機。 The invention discloses a method for redirecting unmapped addresses of a solid-state hard disk to provide a NAND memory. The NAND memory has several blocks, and each block has several pages. Select a block from the block of NAND memory. Select several pages from the selected block as "0" special pages, and write their data as "0", and select several pages as "1" special pages, and write their data as "1" ". Receive a request to read data from an address of a solid-state hard drive from the host, and then determine whether the address is an unmapped address. If the address is unmapped, pass "0" or "1" from the dedicated page of "0" or "1" to the host.

Description

固態硬碟的未映射位址的重導向方法 Redirecting method of unmapped address of solid state hard disk

本發明關於固態硬碟，特別是固態硬碟的未映射位址的重導向方法。 The invention relates to a solid-state hard disk, especially a method for redirecting unmapped addresses of the solid-state hard disk.

當一個主機(host)要從一個固態硬碟(solid state drive或SSD)的未映射位址(unmapped addresses)讀資料，主機就要求固態硬碟提供「0」或「1」。為應付主機的要求，就把在NAND記憶體的一部分(「0」的專用部)裡的資料全寫為「0」，並把在NAND記憶體的另外一部分(「1」的專用部)裡的資料全寫為「1」。每一次主機要讀一個未映射位址的資料，若主機要求以「0」當作未映射位址的資料，則從「0」的專用部傳「0」給主機，若主機要求以「1」當作未映射資料，則從「1」的專用部傳「1」給主機。這種程序被稱為重導向(redirecting)。 When a host wants to read data from unmapped addresses of a solid state drive (SSD), the host requires the solid state drive to provide "0" or "1". In order to cope with the request of the host, all the data in a part of NAND memory (dedicated part of "0") is written as "0", and in another part of NAND memory (dedicated part of "1") The information of is written as "1". Each time the host needs to read the data of an unmapped address, if the host requires "0" as the data of the unmapped address, the "0" is passed from the dedicated part of "0" to the host, if the host requests "1" "As unmapped data, "1" is passed from the dedicated part of "1" to the host. This procedure is called redirecting.

參考第4圖，依一傳統方式，用NAND記憶體的一個區塊(block)的第一頁(page)當作「0」的專用部，並用NAND記憶體的同一個區塊的第二頁當作「1」的專用部。在主機要求下，可能從NAND記憶體的「0」的專用部或「1」的專用部，讀很多次資料。這必然導致”read disturb”，亦即從一頁讀資料的次數達一個值時，整個NAND記憶體就會失效，即使很少用NAND記憶體的其他頁。 Referring to FIG. 4, in a conventional manner, the first page of a block of NAND memory is used as a dedicated part of "0", and the second page of the same block of NAND memory is used Used as a dedicated part of "1". At the request of the host, the data may be read many times from the dedicated part of "0" or the dedicated part of "1" of the NAND memory. This will inevitably lead to "read disturb", that is, when the number of data reads from a page reaches a value, the entire NAND memory will fail, even if other pages of the NAND memory are rarely used.

參考第5圖，依另一傳統方式，用固態硬碟的一 個隨機存取記憶體(RAM)的第一個緩衝區當作「0」的專用部，並用隨機存取記憶體的第二個緩衝區當作「1」的專用部。如此，就避免”read disturb”。然而，為用隨機存取記憶體來處理重導向，就導致一些問題。首先，須使用容量較大的隨機存取記憶體，這不可避免地增加成本。其次，因可能從隨機存取記憶體或NAND記憶體讀取資料，這增加軟體設計的複雜度。 Referring to Figure 5, in another traditional way, a solid-state drive is used The first buffer of random access memory (RAM) is used as a dedicated part of "0", and the second buffer of random access memory is used as a dedicated part of "1". In this way, avoid "read disturb". However, in order to use random access memory to handle redirection, it causes some problems. First, it is necessary to use a random access memory with a large capacity, which inevitably increases costs. Secondly, the possibility of reading data from random access memory or NAND memory increases the complexity of software design.

有鑑於習知技藝之上述問題，本發明之目的在於提供一種有效且省錢的固態硬碟的未映射位址的重導向方法。 In view of the above-mentioned problems of the conventional art, the object of the present invention is to provide an effective and cost-effective method for redirecting unmapped addresses of solid state hard disks.

為達成上述目的，在本發明的固態硬碟的未映射位址的重導向方法中，提供一個NAND記憶體。該NAND記憶體有若干區塊，且每個區塊有若干頁。從該NAND記憶體的區塊選一個區塊。從被選的區塊選若干頁當作「0」的專用頁，且將其資料寫為「0」，並另選若干頁當作「1」的專用頁，且將其資料寫為「1」。從主機接收一個讀取固態硬碟的某位址的資料的要求，隨後判斷這位址是否一個未映射位址。若這位址是一個未映射位址，則從「0」或「1」的專用頁傳「0」或「1」給主機。 To achieve the above objective, in the method for redirecting unmapped addresses of a solid state drive of the present invention, a NAND memory is provided. The NAND memory has several blocks, and each block has several pages. Select a block from the block of NAND memory. Select several pages from the selected block as "0" special pages, and write their data as "0", and select several pages as "1" special pages, and write their data as "1" ". Receive a request to read data from an address of a solid-state hard drive from the host, and then determine whether the address is an unmapped address. If this address is an unmapped address, pass "0" or "1" from the dedicated page of "0" or "1" to the host.

10‧‧‧固態硬碟資料貯存裝置 10‧‧‧Solid hard disk data storage device

Core 0,Core 1‧‧‧中央處理單元 Core 0,Core 1‧‧‧Central Processing Unit

12‧‧‧NAND記憶體 12‧‧‧NAND memory

14‧‧‧元資料 14‧‧‧ metadata

16‧‧‧NAND快閃記憶體控制器 16‧‧‧NAND flash memory controller

18‧‧‧快閃記憶體轉換層 18‧‧‧Flash memory conversion layer

20‧‧‧後端 20‧‧‧back

22‧‧‧前端 22‧‧‧Front end

24‧‧‧資料快取 24‧‧‧Data cache

26‧‧‧主機 26‧‧‧Host

S10~S28‧‧‧步驟 S10~S28‧‧‧Step

第1圖是一個固態硬碟的方塊圖；第2圖是本發明的較佳實施例的固態硬碟的未映射位址的重導向方法的流程圖，此方法被用於第1圖所示的資料貯存裝置；第3圖是以第2圖所示的方法管理下，NAND記憶體的方 塊圖；第4圖是以一種傳統的固態硬碟的未映射位址的重導向方法下的資料貯存裝置的方塊圖；及第5圖是以另一種傳統的固態硬碟的未映射位址的重導向方法下的資料貯存裝置的方塊圖。 Figure 1 is a block diagram of a solid state drive; Figure 2 is a flowchart of a method for redirecting unmapped addresses of a solid state drive according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. This method is used in Figure 1 Data storage device; Figure 3 is based on the method shown in Figure 2, managed by NAND memory Block diagram; Figure 4 is a block diagram of a data storage device under a traditional solid-state hard disk unmapped address redirection method; and Figure 5 is another traditional solid-state hard disk unmapped address Block diagram of the data storage device under the redirection method.

以下參考相關圖式說明本發明的固態硬碟的未映射位址的重導向方法的較佳實施例。為便於理解本發明，以下用相同符號標示相同元件。 The preferred embodiment of the unmapped address redirection method of the solid state drive of the present invention is described below with reference to related drawings. In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the same symbols are used for the same elements.

參考第1圖，一個固態硬碟10包括兩個中央處理單元(CPU)及一個NAND記憶體12。這兩個中央處理單元被稱為Core 0及Core 1。 Referring to FIG. 1, a solid-state hard disk 10 includes two central processing units (CPU) and a NAND memory 12. These two central processing units are called Core 0 and Core 1.

中央處理單元Core 0執行若干韌體，例如元資料(system metadata或SysMeta)14、NAND快閃記憶體控制器(NAND flash controller；NFC)16、快閃記憶體轉換層(flash translation layer或FTL)18、及後端(back end或BE)20。 The central processing unit Core 0 executes several firmwares, such as system metadata (SysMeta) 14, NAND flash memory controller (NAND flash controller; NFC) 16, flash memory conversion layer (flash translation layer or FTL) 18. And the back (back end or BE) 20.

中央處理單元Core 1執行若干韌體，例如前端(front end或FE)22資料及快取(data cache或DC)24。 The central processing unit Core 1 executes several firmwares, such as front end (FE) 22 data and cache (data cache or DC) 24.

NAND記憶體12有許多區塊(block)，每個區塊有許多頁(page)。在較佳實施例中，這些區塊組成N群，每群有若干區塊。在另一實施例中，不以這些區塊組成若干群。 The NAND memory 12 has many blocks, and each block has many pages. In the preferred embodiment, these blocks form N groups, and each group has several blocks. In another embodiment, these blocks are not grouped into groups.

參考第2圖，本發明的較佳實施例的固態硬碟的未映射位址的重導向方法(「程序」)被用於第1圖所示的固態硬碟10。 Referring to FIG. 2, the unmapped address redirection method (“program”) of the solid state drive of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is used for the solid state drive 10 shown in FIG. 1.

參考第2圖及第3圖，在S10，程序開始。 Referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3, at S10, the procedure starts.

在S12，執行元資料14而從這N群選一群。 At S12, the metadata 14 is executed to select a group from the N groups.

在S14，元資料14呼叫NAND快閃記憶體控制器16，從被選的這群的許多頁，選M/2頁並把它們的資料寫為「0」，並另外選M/2頁且把它們的資料寫為「1」。為方便描述，稱這M頁為「專用頁」，稱載滿「0」的M/2頁為「0」的專用頁，稱載滿「1」的M/2頁為「1」的專用頁，稱其餘頁為「普通頁」。當選用一群時，就用這群的普通頁貯存資料，亦即把資料寫入這群的普通頁。 At S14, the metadata 14 calls the NAND flash memory controller 16, selects M/2 pages from the many pages of the selected group and writes their data as "0", and additionally selects M/2 pages and Write their data as "1". For convenience of description, this M page is called "dedicated page", M/2 page full of "0" is called "0" dedicated page, and M/2 page full of "1" is called "1" dedicated Page, the rest of the pages are called "normal pages". When a group is selected, the ordinary pages of the group are used to store data, that is, the data is written into the ordinary pages of the group.

在S16，前端22從主機26接收一個讀資料的要求。這要求包括一個邏輯位址(「原始邏輯位址」)。因此，前端22準備且傳送一個請求(request)到資料快取24。。 At S16, the front end 22 receives a request to read data from the host 26. This requirement includes a logical address ("original logical address"). Therefore, the front end 22 prepares and transmits a request to the data cache 24. .

在S18，從前端22收到請求後，資料快取24準備並傳送一個請求到快閃記憶體轉換層18。 At S18, after receiving the request from the front end 22, the data cache 24 prepares and transmits a request to the flash memory conversion layer 18.

在S20，從資料快取24收到請求後，快閃記憶體轉換層18將原始邏輯位址轉換成原始實體位址，並傳送一個請求到後端20。 In S20, after receiving the request from the data cache 24, the flash memory conversion layer 18 converts the original logical address into the original physical address, and transmits a request to the back end 20.

在S22，後端20判斷原始實體位址是否一個未映射位址。 At S22, the backend 20 determines whether the original physical address is an unmapped address.

若原始實體位址不是未映射位址，則程序直接走到S24，且原始實體位址被傳到NAND快閃記憶體控制器16。 If the original physical address is not an unmapped address, the procedure goes directly to S24, and the original physical address is transferred to the NAND flash memory controller 16.

若原始實體位址是未映射位址，則程序先走到S23，後走到S24。 If the original physical address is an unmapped address, the program first goes to S23 and then to S24.

在S23，後端20向元資料14取得一個重導向實體位址，並以重導向實體位址取代原始實體位址。並把重導向實體位址傳到NAND快閃記憶體控制器16。 At S23, the backend 20 obtains a redirected physical address from the metadata 14, and replaces the original physical address with the redirected physical address. And transfer the redirected physical address to the NAND flash memory controller 16.

在S24，NAND快閃記憶體控制器16從原始實體 位址或重導向實體位址，把「0」、「1」或其他資料傳到主機26。 At S24, the NAND flash memory controller 16 Address or redirect the physical address, transfer "0", "1" or other data to the host 26.

在S26，判斷這群的全部普通頁的是否被寫滿。若是，則程序走到S27，否則程序走到S28。 At S26, it is judged whether all the general pages of this group are full. If yes, the program goes to S27, otherwise the program goes to S28.

在S27，元資料14選另一群。 At S27, the metadata 14 selects another group.

在S28，程序結束。 At S28, the procedure ends.

與先前技藝相比，本發明有幾個優點。第一，壽命長。用M乘N專用頁貯存「0」及「1」，故不易發生”read disturb”。第二，成本低，固態硬碟10不佔用隨機存取記憶體的容量，故不必用容量大且貴的隨機存取記憶體。第三，軟體複雜度低，因資料的來源只有NAND記憶體12。 Compared with the prior art, the present invention has several advantages. First, long life. "M" and "N" special pages are used to store "0" and "1", so "read disturb" is not likely to occur. Second, the cost is low, and the solid state drive 10 does not occupy the capacity of the random access memory, so it is not necessary to use a large-capacity and expensive random access memory. Third, the software complexity is low because the source of data is only NAND memory12.

以上僅為描述本發明的較佳實施方式，非用以限定本發明的範圍。本技術領域內的一般技術人員根據上述實施例所作的均等變化，以及本領域內技術人員熟知的改變，仍在本發明的範圍內。 The above are merely preferred embodiments for describing the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Equal changes made by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the above embodiments, as well as changes well known to those skilled in the art, are still within the scope of the present invention.

10‧‧‧固態硬碟資料貯存裝置 10‧‧‧Solid hard disk data storage device

12‧‧‧NAND記憶體 12‧‧‧NAND memory

14‧‧‧元資料 14‧‧‧ metadata

16‧‧‧NAND快閃記憶體控制器 16‧‧‧NAND flash memory controller

18‧‧‧快閃記憶體轉換層 18‧‧‧Flash memory conversion layer

20‧‧‧後端 20‧‧‧back

22‧‧‧前端 22‧‧‧Front end

24‧‧‧資料快取 24‧‧‧Data cache

26‧‧‧主機 26‧‧‧Host

Claims (4)

一種固態硬碟的未映射位址的重導向方法，包括以下步驟：提供一個NAND記憶體，其中該NAND記憶體有若干區塊，且每個區塊有若干頁；從該NAND記憶體的區塊選一個區塊；從被選的該區塊選若干頁當作「0」的專用頁，且將其資料全寫為「0」，並從被選的該區塊另外選若干頁當作「1」的專用頁，且將其資料全寫為「1」，其他頁當作普通頁；從一主機(26)接收一個讀取固態硬碟(10)的一位址的資料的要求；並判斷該位址是否一個未映射位址；若該位址是一個未映射位址，則把「0」或「1」的專用頁的「0」或「1」傳到該主機(26)。 A method for redirecting unmapped addresses of a solid state drive includes the following steps: providing a NAND memory, wherein the NAND memory has several blocks, and each block has several pages; from the area of the NAND memory Select a block from the block; select several pages from the selected block as "0" dedicated pages, and write all their data as "0", and select several additional pages from the selected block as "1" dedicated page, and write all its data as "1", other pages are regarded as ordinary pages; receive a request from a host (26) to read the data of a single address of the solid state drive (10); And judge whether the address is an unmapped address; if the address is an unmapped address, then transfer the "0" or "1" of the dedicated page of "0" or "1" to the host (26) . 如請求項1所述之固態硬碟的未映射位址的重導向方法，還包括以下步驟：判斷是否寫完被選的該區塊的普通頁的位元；若否，則續用該區塊；及若是，則選另一區塊。 The method for redirecting unmapped addresses of a solid state drive as described in claim 1 further includes the following steps: determining whether the bits of the selected ordinary page of the block are written; if not, renew the area Block; and if so, choose another block. 一種固態硬碟的未映射位址的重導向方法，其中一固態硬碟包括一NAND記憶體(12)、一元資料(14)、一NAND快閃記憶體控制器(16)、一快閃記憶體轉換層(18)、一後端(20)、一前端(22)、一資料快取(24)，該NAND記憶體(12)有許多區塊，且每 個區塊有若干頁，該方法包括以下步驟：(S12)執行該元資料(14)而從該些區塊選一區塊；(S14)該元資料(14)呼叫該NAND快閃記憶體控制器(16)而從被選的該區塊的許多頁選M/2頁當作「0」的專用頁，且將其資料寫為「0」，並另外選M/2頁當作「1」的專用頁，且將其資料寫為「1」，其他頁當作普通頁；(S16)該前端(22)從一主機(26)接收一個讀資料的要求，其中這要求包括一個原始邏輯位址，且該前端(22)準備且傳送一個DC請求到該資料快取(24)；(S18)該資料快取(24)準備並傳送一個FTL請求到該快閃記憶體轉換層(18)；(S20)該快閃記憶體轉換層(18)將該原始邏輯位址轉換成一原始實體位址，並傳送一個請求到該後端(20)；(S22)該後端(20)判斷該原始實體位址是否一個未映射位址；(S24)若該原始實體位址非未映射位址，則把該原始實體位址傳到該NAND快閃記憶體控制器(16)；(S23)若該原始實體位址是未映射位址，則該後端(20)向該元資料(14)取得一個重導向實體位址，取代該原始實體位址，並把該重導向實體位址傳到該NAND快閃記憶體控制器(16)；(S24)該NAND快閃記憶體控制器(16)從該原始實體位址或 該重導向實體位址，把「0」、「1」或其他資料傳到該主機(26)。 A method for redirecting unmapped addresses of a solid state drive, wherein a solid state drive includes a NAND memory (12), a meta data (14), a NAND flash memory controller (16), a flash memory Volume conversion layer (18), a back-end (20), a front-end (22), a data cache (24), the NAND memory (12) has many blocks, and each Each block has several pages. The method includes the following steps: (S12) execute the metadata (14) and select a block from the blocks; (S14) the metadata (14) call the NAND flash memory The controller (16) selects the M/2 page from many pages of the selected block as the "0" special page, and writes its data as "0", and additionally selects the M/2 page as " 1" dedicated page, and write its data as "1", other pages are regarded as ordinary pages; (S16) The front end (22) receives a request to read data from a host (26), where this request includes an original Logical address, and the front end (22) prepares and sends a DC request to the data cache (24); (S18) the data cache (24) prepares and sends an FTL request to the flash memory conversion layer ( 18); (S20) The flash memory conversion layer (18) converts the original logical address into an original physical address, and sends a request to the back-end (20); (S22) the back-end (20) Determine whether the original physical address is an unmapped address; (S24) If the original physical address is not an unmapped address, transfer the original physical address to the NAND flash memory controller (16); ( S23) If the original physical address is an unmapped address, the back-end (20) obtains a redirected physical address from the metadata (14), replaces the original physical address, and redirects the redirected physical address Address to the NAND flash memory controller (16); (S24) the NAND flash memory controller (16) from the original physical address or The redirected physical address transmits "0", "1" or other data to the host (26). 如請求項3所述之固態硬碟的未映射位址的重導向方法，還包括以下步驟：(S26)判斷是否寫滿該區塊的普通頁；(S27)若是，則該元資料(14)選另一群。(S28)否則程序結束。 The method for redirecting unmapped addresses of a solid state drive as described in claim 3, further includes the following steps: (S26) judging whether the ordinary pages of the block are filled; (S27) if yes, the metadata (14 ) Choose another group. (S28) Otherwise, the procedure ends.
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