TWI677398B - Welding method using alloy powder as welding filler material - Google Patents
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Abstract
本發明提出一種以合金粉末作為焊接填料的焊接方法。本發明係基於適當比例將至少五種金屬元素的粉末混合成一高熵合金粉末以作為焊接填料，接著將該高熵合金粉末填入位於兩個母材之間的一接合溝槽之中。繼續地，先利用電弧焊技術於該接合溝槽之中完成初次焊接(根部焊)，之後再重複性地執行填入高熵合金粉末以及焊接的動作，直到兩個母材之間的焊縫達到預定的長度與/或厚度為止。於本發明中，高熵合金粉末係由複數合金顆粒所組成，且該些合金顆粒的尺寸大小為微米等級；因此，以高熵合金粉末作為焊接填料的情況下，形成於兩個母材之間的焊縫會具有細緻的超細組織，提升比強度、斷裂阻抗、抗拉強度、及抗腐蝕與抗氧化能力等特性。The invention proposes a welding method using alloy powder as a welding filler. The invention is based on mixing powders of at least five metal elements into a high-entropy alloy powder as a welding filler based on an appropriate ratio, and then filling the high-entropy alloy powder into a joint groove between two base materials. Continue to use arc welding technology to complete the initial welding (root welding) in the joint groove, and then repeatedly perform the operations of filling the high-entropy alloy powder and welding until the weld between the two base materials Up to a predetermined length and / or thickness. In the present invention, the high-entropy alloy powder is composed of a plurality of alloy particles, and the size of the alloy particles is in the order of micrometers; therefore, when the high-entropy alloy powder is used as a welding filler, it is formed in two base materials. The welds in between will have a fine and ultra-fine structure, improving specific strength, fracture resistance, tensile strength, and resistance to corrosion and oxidation.
Description
本發明係關於焊接製程的相關技術領域，尤指一種以合金粉末作為焊接填料的焊接方法。The present invention relates to the related technical field of welding processes, and particularly to a welding method using alloy powder as a welding filler.
焊接(也寫作銲接)是一種藉由加熱於兩個母材的表面間形成原子-原子間鍵結而使該兩個母材達成永久性接合的工藝技術。焊接的實現方式可分為以下三種: (1)真實焊接：加熱欲接合之母材使其局部熔化形成熔池，熔池冷卻後便會凝固而後接合欲接合之母材。必要時，可於加熱母材之時加入填料金屬的熔融物於熔池之中，以達到最佳的焊接效果； (2) 軟焊或硬焊：無需熔化母材本身，而是僅單獨加熱熔點較低的填料金屬，並利用填料金屬之熔融物的毛細及化學鍵結作用來連接兩個母材；以及 (3) 鍛焊：先加熱兩個母材使其達到白熾狀態，接著利用壓擊或振動的方式，使兩個母材相互接合。Welding (also written as welding) is a process technology that achieves permanent bonding of two parent metals by forming atom-to-atomic bonds between the surfaces of the two parent metals. Welding can be realized in the following three ways: (1) Real welding: heating the parent metal to be joined to locally melt it to form a molten pool. After the molten pool is cooled, it will solidify and then join the parent material to be joined. When necessary, the molten material of the filler metal can be added to the molten pool when heating the base material to achieve the best welding effect; (2) Soft soldering or brazing: It is not necessary to melt the base material itself, but only to heat the melting point alone A lower filler metal, and uses the capillary and chemical bonding of the molten material of the filler metal to connect the two base materials; and (3) forging welding: first heat the two base materials to an incandescent state, and then use pressure or The vibration method makes the two base materials join each other.
並非所有金屬件都能夠利用上述焊接方法進行接合。舉例而言，焊接鈦與不鏽鋼之時，兩者之間的焊缝會因為鈦的性質活潑而形成脆性的金屬間化合相(TiFe、TiFe 2或TiC)。雖然現有的商業焊料金屬包括有鋁基、銅基、鐵基、或鎳基之超合金，但仍不適於作為特定的異質母材(例如: 鈦與不鏽鋼)之焊接製程的填料金屬。有鑒於此，中國專利號CN104476010B揭示一種高熵合金(high-entropy alloys)焊絲，其中所述高熵合金焊絲的組成包括：5 at%的鈦元素、1-20 at%的鐵元素、25-30 at%的鉻元素、25-35 at%的銅元素、以及25-35 at%的鎳元素。由於高熵合金具有優良的機械性質，因此將高熵合金加工為焊絲並應用為焊接不鏽鋼與鈦的填料金屬之時，並不會於焊缝生成脆性的金屬間化合相。 Not all metal parts can be joined using the welding method described above. For example, when welding titanium and stainless steel, the weld between the two will form a brittle intermetallic phase (TiFe, TiFe 2 or TiC) due to the active nature of titanium. Although the existing commercial solder metals include aluminum-based, copper-based, iron-based, or nickel-based superalloys, they are still not suitable as filler metals for the welding process of specific heterogeneous base materials (such as titanium and stainless steel). In view of this, Chinese Patent No. CN104476010B discloses a high-entropy alloys welding wire, wherein the composition of the high-entropy alloy welding wire includes: 5 at% titanium, 1-20 at% iron, 25- 30 at% chromium, 25-35 at% copper, and 25-35 at% nickel. Because high-entropy alloys have excellent mechanical properties, when the high-entropy alloys are processed into welding wires and applied as filler metals for welding stainless steel and titanium, brittle intermetallic phases do not form in the weld.
圖1係顯示習知的一種焊接系統的架構圖，其中習知的焊接系統係包括：一焊槍21’、一電弧焊供電裝置22’以及一氣體供應裝置23’。由圖1可發現，肇因於高熵合金焊絲HE’的長度有限，因此對左母材11’與右母材12’進行大範圍的焊接時，可能必須一次或多次的補充高熵合金焊絲HE’，導致焊接製程不通暢。同時，除了影響該電弧焊供電裝置22’之輸出電流的設定與選擇以外，高熵合金焊絲HE’的長度與直徑(或厚度)也同時限制了左母材11’與右母材12’之間的接合設計。例如，圖1係顯示左母材11’與右母材12’之間係採用標準接合設計(亦即，水平接合)；然而，一旦左母材11’與右母材12’之間係採用非標準接合方式，則高熵合金焊絲HE’便可能難以饋入左母材11’與右母材12’之間的接合溝槽13’；在這種情況下，左母材11’與右母材12’之間可能就無法透過電弧焊而形成足夠長度與/或厚度的焊縫。另一方面，對厚度大於5mm的兩片母材進行焊接之時，必須先對兩片母材進行開坡口，並於該兩片母材的表面完成焊接；接著翻轉，於完成該兩片母材的底面的背面清根(back gouging)處理之後，再於底面重複一次焊接以增加強度。FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a conventional welding system, wherein the conventional welding system includes a welding torch 21 ', an arc welding power supply device 22', and a gas supply device 23 '. From Figure 1, it can be found that due to the limited length of the high-entropy alloy welding wire HE ', it may be necessary to supplement the high-entropy alloy one or more times when welding the left base metal 11' and the right base metal 12 'over a wide range. The welding wire HE 'causes the welding process to be unsmooth. At the same time, in addition to affecting the setting and selection of the output current of the arc welding power supply device 22 ', the length and diameter (or thickness) of the high entropy alloy welding wire HE' also restricts the left base material 11 'and the right base material 12' at the same time. Joint design. For example, FIG. 1 shows that the left base material 11 'and the right base material 12' adopt a standard joint design (that is, a horizontal joint); however, once the left base material 11 'and the right base material 12' are adopted Non-standard joining method, it may be difficult for the high entropy alloy welding wire HE 'to feed the joining groove 13' between the left base material 11 'and the right base material 12'; in this case, the left base material 11 'and the right It may be impossible to form a weld with sufficient length and / or thickness between the base materials 12 ′ through arc welding. On the other hand, when welding two pieces of base material with a thickness greater than 5mm, the two pieces of base material must be beveled first, and welding on the surfaces of the two pieces of base material must be completed; then, the two pieces of material must be turned over and completed After back gouging the bottom surface of the base material, the welding is repeated on the bottom surface to increase the strength.
由上述說明可知，高熵合金焊絲的提出係的確大幅地擴增合金焊料的種類與數量，但實際應用於焊接製程之時仍有許多的限制與缺陷。因此，實有必要對已知的使用高熵合金焊絲作為焊接填料的焊接方法進行改善。有鑑於此，本案之發明人係極力加以研究發明，而終於研發完成本發明之一種以合金粉末作為焊接填料的焊接方法。It can be known from the above description that the proposal of the high-entropy alloy welding wire does greatly expand the types and quantities of alloy solder, but there are still many limitations and defects when it is actually applied to the welding process. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the known welding method using high-entropy alloy welding wire as welding filler. In view of this, the inventor of this case has made great efforts to research and invent, and finally developed a welding method using alloy powder as a welding filler of the present invention.
本發明之主要目的在於提出一種以合金粉末作為焊接填料的焊接方法。特別地，本發明係基於適當比例將至少五種金屬元素的粉末混合成一高熵合金粉末以作為焊接填料，接著將該高熵合金粉末填入位於兩個母材之間的一接合溝槽之中。繼續地，先利用電弧焊技術於該接合溝槽之中完成初次焊接(根部焊)，之後再重複性地執行填入高熵合金粉末以及焊接的動作，直到兩個母材之間的焊縫達到預定的長度與/或厚度為止。於本發明中，高熵合金粉末係由複數合金顆粒所組成，且該些合金顆粒的尺寸大小為微米等級。除此之外，高熵合金粉末的元素組成係根據母材的材質所決定。因此，以高熵合金粉末作為焊接填料的情況下，形成於兩個母材之間的焊縫會具有細緻的超細組織，同時也會提升比強度、斷裂阻抗、抗拉強度、及抗腐蝕與抗氧化能力等特性。The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a welding method using alloy powder as a welding filler. In particular, the present invention is based on mixing a powder of at least five metal elements into a high-entropy alloy powder as a welding filler based on an appropriate ratio, and then filling the high-entropy alloy powder into a joint groove between two base materials. in. Continue to use arc welding technology to complete the initial welding (root welding) in the joint groove, and then repeatedly perform the operations of filling the high-entropy alloy powder and welding until the weld between the two base materials Up to a predetermined length and / or thickness. In the present invention, the high-entropy alloy powder is composed of a plurality of alloy particles, and the size of the alloy particles is in the order of micrometers. In addition, the elemental composition of the high-entropy alloy powder is determined by the material of the base material. Therefore, when high-entropy alloy powder is used as the welding filler, the weld formed between the two base materials will have a fine and ultra-fine structure, and at the same time, the specific strength, fracture resistance, tensile strength, and corrosion resistance will be improved. And antioxidant properties.
為了完成上述本發明之目的，本案發明人係提供所述以合金粉末作為焊接填料的焊接方法的一實施例，係包括以下步驟： (1)提供一合金粉末作為一焊接填料； (2)備好一第一母材與一第二母材，並令該第一母材的一第一接合面與該第二母材的一第二接合面之間形成有一接合溝槽； (3)於該接合溝槽的兩端分別連接一頭端起弧件與一尾端起弧件，並於該接合溝槽的底部連接一焊接襯墊； (4)將該合金粉末填入該接合溝槽內； (5)操作一焊接系統所具有的一焊槍於該頭端起弧件處點燃電弧，接著令該焊槍沿著該接合溝槽直線移動至該尾端起弧件處； (6)再次地將該合金粉末填入該接合溝槽，並重複執行該步驟(5)；以及 (7)重複執行該步驟(6)，直至該接合溝槽已經完全由一焊縫所填滿。In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the present invention, the inventor of the present application provides an embodiment of the welding method using the alloy powder as a welding filler, which includes the following steps: (1) providing an alloy powder as a welding filler; (2) preparing A first base material and a second base material are prepared, and a joint groove is formed between a first joint surface of the first base material and a second joint surface of the second base material; (3) in The two ends of the bonding groove are respectively connected with a head end arc starting piece and a tail end arc starting piece, and a welding pad is connected to the bottom of the bonding groove; (4) filling the alloy powder into the bonding groove; (5) Operate a welding gun of a welding system to ignite an arc at the head end arcing piece, and then move the torch straight along the joint groove to the tail end arcing piece; (6) again The alloy powder is filled into the bonding groove, and the step (5) is repeatedly performed; and (7) The step (6) is repeatedly performed until the bonding groove is completely filled with a welding seam.
為了能夠更清楚地描述本發明所提出之一種以合金粉末作為焊接填料的焊接方法，以下將配合圖式，詳盡說明本發明之較佳實施例。In order to more clearly describe a welding method using alloy powder as a welding filler, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
開始說明本發明之一種以合金粉末作為焊接填料的焊接方法的執行步驟之前，必須先簡單介紹焊接系統。圖2係顯示一種焊接系統的架構圖，且所述焊接系統至少包括：一焊槍21、一電弧焊供電裝置22以及一氣體供應裝置23。接著，圖3係顯示本發明之一種以合金粉末作為焊接填料的焊接方法的方法流程圖。由圖3可知，本發明之以合金粉末作為焊接填料的焊接方法(下簡稱本發明之焊接方法)係包括7個主要步驟。本發明之焊接方法係首先執行步驟S1：提供一合金粉末AP作為一焊接填料。於此，所述合金粉末AP係由複數合金顆粒所組成，且該些合金顆粒的尺寸大小為微米等級。例如，該些合金顆粒的平均尺寸可以介於1-100微米。另一方面，合金粉末AP的獲得方式有三種。其一係利用五種至十一種的主要金屬元素製成一高熵合金的錠塊、焊絲或焊條，而後再將該高熵合金的錠塊、焊絲或焊條切削加工為高熵合金粉末。其二係霧化法獲得，亦即利用熔融的方法先熔成合金液態，而後用水噴霧法、氣噴霧法、離心霧化法或旋轉電極霧化法裂解成液滴而凝固成粉末顆粒。另一種方式則是先根據焊接母材的材質決定高熵合金粉末的一元素組成，接著再基於該元素組成將至少五種金屬元素的粉末混合成高熵合金複合粉末。由於這三種方式旨在獲得高熵合金粉末，因此粉末內所含有的每一種主要金屬元素的莫耳數與所有合金元素的總莫耳數之間具有一百分比，且該百分比必須介於5%至35%之間。高熵合金、中熵合金(medium-entropy alloys)及低熵合金(low-entropy alloys)的定義請參閱文獻一與文獻二，分別為“High-Entropy Alloys”, 2014, 1st edn. B.S. Murty, J.W. Yeh, S. Ranganathan, Elsevier Publisher, London, UK, pp. 13-25，以及“High-Entropy Alloys – Fundamentals and Applications”, 2016, 1st edn. M.C. Gao, J.W. Yeh, P.K. Liaw, Y. Zhang (eds), Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 8-12。Before starting to explain the execution steps of a welding method using the alloy powder as a welding filler of the present invention, the welding system must be briefly introduced. FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a welding system, and the welding system includes at least: a welding torch 21, an arc welding power supply device 22, and a gas supply device 23. Next, FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a method of welding according to the present invention using an alloy powder as a welding filler. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the welding method of the present invention using the alloy powder as a welding filler (hereinafter referred to as the welding method of the present invention) includes 7 main steps. The welding method of the present invention first performs step S1: providing an alloy powder AP as a welding filler. Here, the alloy powder AP is composed of a plurality of alloy particles, and the size of the alloy particles is in the order of micrometers. For example, the average size of the alloy particles may be between 1-100 microns. On the other hand, there are three ways to obtain the alloy powder AP. One is to use five to eleven major metal elements to make a high entropy alloy ingot, wire or electrode, and then cut the high entropy alloy ingot, wire or electrode to high entropy alloy powder. The second atomization method is obtained, that is, the melting method is used to first melt the alloy into a liquid state, and then the water spray method, the air spray method, the centrifugal atomization method or the rotary electrode atomization method are used to crack into droplets and solidify into powder particles. Another method is to first determine an elemental composition of the high-entropy alloy powder according to the material of the welding base material, and then mix the powder of at least five metal elements into a high-entropy alloy composite powder based on the elemental composition. Because these three methods aim to obtain high-entropy alloy powder, there is a percentage between the molar number of each major metal element contained in the powder and the total molar number of all alloying elements, and the percentage must be between 5% To 35%. For definitions of high-entropy alloys, medium-entropy alloys and low-entropy alloys, please refer to Documents 1 and 2, respectively, “High-Entropy Alloys”, 2014, 1st edn. BS Murty, JW Yeh, S. Ranganathan, Elsevier Publisher, London, UK, pp. 13-25, and "High-Entropy Alloys – Fundamentals and Applications", 2016, 1st edn. MC Gao, JW Yeh, PK Liaw, Y. Zhang ( eds), Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 8-12.
當然，也可以透過合金設計的方式獲得中熵合金粉末AP來作接合，得到性質優良的焊道；其中，中熵合金的合金粉末AP的元素組成即三個至四個主要金屬元素組成，根據前面文獻的定義，中熵合金的混合熵介於1至1.5R之間，其中R為氣體常數。儘管如此，本發明的示範性實施例係以鐵、錳、鉻、鎳、與鋁等五種金屬元素製成高熵的合金粉末AP，且該合金粉末AP的組成可以例如是以原子數比表示為Al 0.3CrFe 1.5MnNi 0.5。此外，該合金粉末AP的組成也能以原子數百分比表示為Al 7Cr 27.6Fe 35Mn 27.7Ni 14.3或Al 0.5CrFe 1.5MnNi 0.5(Al 11Cr 22.5Fe 33Mn 22.5Ni 11)。繼續地參閱圖2與圖3，並請同時參閱圖4，係顯示方法流程之中的步驟S2與步驟S3的製程示意圖。完成步驟S1之後，本發明之焊接方法係接著執行步驟S2：備好一第一母材11與一第二母材12，並令該第一母材11的一第一接合面與該第二母材12的一第二接合面之間形成有一接合溝槽13。可想而知，該第一母材11與該第二母材12的種類或材質並不受限制，可以是經常需要進行焊接的鋼板或碳鋼。進一步地，於步驟S3之中，係於該接合溝槽13的兩端分別連接一頭端起弧件14與一尾端起弧件15，並於該接合溝槽13的底部連接一焊接襯墊16。 Of course, medium entropy alloy powder AP can also be obtained through alloy design for joining to obtain a bead with excellent properties. Among them, the elemental composition of the alloy powder AP of the medium entropy alloy is composed of three to four main metal elements. According to the definition in the previous literature, the mixed entropy of the medium-entropy alloy is between 1 and 1.5R, where R is the gas constant. Nevertheless, the exemplary embodiment of the present invention is made of five metal elements, such as iron, manganese, chromium, nickel, and aluminum, with high entropy alloy powder AP, and the composition of the alloy powder AP may be, for example, an atomic ratio Expressed as Al 0.3 CrFe 1.5 MnNi 0.5 . In addition, the composition of the alloy powder AP can also be expressed as an atomic percentage of Al 7 Cr 27.6 Fe 35 Mn 27.7 Ni 14.3 or Al 0.5 CrFe 1.5 MnNi 0.5 (Al 11 Cr 22.5 Fe 33 Mn 22.5 Ni 11 ). Continue to refer to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, and please refer to FIG. 4 at the same time, which are schematic diagrams of steps S2 and S3 in the method flow. After step S1 is completed, the welding method of the present invention proceeds to step S2: prepare a first base material 11 and a second base material 12 and make a first joint surface of the first base material 11 and the second base material 11 A bonding groove 13 is formed between a second bonding surface of the base material 12. It is conceivable that the types or materials of the first base material 11 and the second base material 12 are not limited, and may be steel plates or carbon steels that often need to be welded. Further, in step S3, two ends of the bonding groove 13 are respectively connected to a head end arcing member 14 and a tail end arcing member 15 and a welding pad is connected to the bottom of the bonding groove 13 16.
圖5係顯示第一母材與第二母材的多組側剖視圖，且圖6亦顯示第一母材與第二母材的多組側剖視圖。本發明並不特別限制該第一母材11之第一接合面與該第二母材12之第二接合面的形式。舉例而言，圖5係顯示第一接合面與第二接合面為相互對稱的兩個面，且該第一接合面的底側與該第二接合面的底側之間係形成有一根部間隙RG。並且，圖5的側剖視圖(a)係顯示第一接合面與第二接合面所圍出的接合溝槽13具有Y字形坡口。此外，圖5的側剖視圖(b)係顯示第一接合面與第二接合面所圍出的接合溝槽13具有I字形坡口。再者，圖5的側剖視圖(c)係顯示第一接合面與第二接合面所圍出的接合溝槽13具有X字形坡口。另一方面，圖5的側剖視圖(d)係顯示第一接合面與第二接合面所圍出的接合溝槽13具有U字形坡口。FIG. 5 shows a plurality of sets of side sectional views of a first base material and a second base material, and FIG. 6 also shows a plurality of sets of side sectional views of a first base material and a second base material. The invention does not particularly limit the form of the first joint surface of the first base material 11 and the second joint surface of the second base material 12. For example, FIG. 5 shows that the first joint surface and the second joint surface are symmetrical to each other, and a partial gap is formed between the bottom side of the first joint surface and the bottom side of the second joint surface. RG. In addition, the side sectional view (a) of FIG. 5 shows that the joint groove 13 surrounded by the first joint surface and the second joint surface has a Y-shaped groove. In addition, the side sectional view (b) of FIG. 5 shows that the bonding groove 13 surrounded by the first bonding surface and the second bonding surface has an I-shaped groove. Furthermore, the side cross-sectional view (c) of FIG. 5 shows that the bonding groove 13 surrounded by the first bonding surface and the second bonding surface has an X-shaped groove. On the other hand, the side sectional view (d) of FIG. 5 shows that the joint groove 13 surrounded by the first joint surface and the second joint surface has a U-shaped groove.
當然，該第一母材11之第一接合面與該第二母材12之第二接合面的形式也可以是相互非對稱的兩個面。例如，圖6的側剖視圖(a)係顯示第一接合面與第二接合面所圍出的接合溝槽13具有單邊V形坡口。並且，圖6的側剖視圖(b)係顯示第一接合面與第二接合面所圍出的接合溝槽13具有J字形坡口。另一方面，圖6的側剖視圖(c)係顯示第一接合面與第二接合面所圍出的接合溝槽13具有K字形坡口。於本發明之示範性實施例中，係令第一接合面與第二接合面所圍出的接合溝槽13具有Y字形坡口(如圖5的側剖視圖(a))。值得注意的是，於此Y字形坡口之中，第一接合面與第二接合面皆具有60 o的傾斜角度，且該根部間隙RG的大小約2毫米。 Of course, the form of the first joint surface of the first base material 11 and the second joint surface of the second base material 12 may also be two surfaces that are asymmetric with each other. For example, the side sectional view (a) of FIG. 6 shows that the joint groove 13 surrounded by the first joint surface and the second joint surface has a single-sided V-shaped groove. In addition, the side sectional view (b) of FIG. 6 shows that the joint groove 13 surrounded by the first joint surface and the second joint surface has a J-shaped groove. On the other hand, the side sectional view (c) of FIG. 6 shows that the joint groove 13 surrounded by the first joint surface and the second joint surface has a K-shaped groove. In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the joint groove 13 surrounded by the first joint surface and the second joint surface is provided with a Y-shaped groove (see a side sectional view (a) of FIG. 5). It is worth noting that in this Y-shaped groove, the first joint surface and the second joint surface both have an inclination angle of 60 ° , and the size of the root gap RG is about 2 mm.
繼續地參閱圖2與圖3，並請同時參閱圖7，係顯示第一母材、第二母材、頭端起弧件、與尾端起弧件的立體圖。如圖所示，頭端起弧件14係結合至該接合溝槽13的一端；並且，頭端起弧件14之上也可以對應地設有一第一溝槽141以對應於該接合溝槽13。另一方面，尾端起弧件15則結合至該接合溝槽13的另一端；同樣地，尾端起弧件15之上也可以對應地設有一第二溝槽151以對應於該接合溝槽13。請再繼續參閱圖8與圖9，其中圖8係顯示第一母材、第二母材、與焊接襯墊的立體圖，且圖9係顯示第一母材、第二母材、與焊接襯墊的側剖視圖。完成步驟S3之後，焊接襯墊16(或稱襯墊)便被結合至該接合溝槽13的底部。值得注意的是，圖8係顯示該焊接襯墊16的表面上形成有彼此相互對稱的第一凹陷部161與第二凹陷部162。然而，圖9係進一步地顯示，在一些不同應用中，焊接襯墊16的表面上也可以形成有彼此為非對稱的第一凹陷部161與第二凹陷部162。Continue to refer to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, and also refer to FIG. 7, which are perspective views showing the first base material, the second base material, the head end arcing member, and the tail end arcing member. As shown in the figure, the head-end arc-starting member 14 is coupled to one end of the engaging groove 13; and a first groove 141 may be correspondingly provided on the head-end arc-starting member 14 to correspond to the engaging groove. 13. On the other hand, the tail-end arc-starting member 15 is coupled to the other end of the joint groove 13; similarly, a second groove 151 may be correspondingly provided on the tail-end arc-starting member 15 to correspond to the joint groove. Slot 13. Please continue to refer to FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, where FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of the first base material, the second base material, and the welding pad, and FIG. 9 shows the first base material, the second base material, and the welding pad. Side sectional view of the pad. After step S3 is completed, the solder pad 16 (or pad) is bonded to the bottom of the bonding groove 13. It is worth noting that FIG. 8 shows that a first recessed portion 161 and a second recessed portion 162 that are symmetrical to each other are formed on the surface of the solder pad 16. However, FIG. 9 further shows that in some different applications, the first recessed portion 161 and the second recessed portion 162 that are asymmetric with each other may also be formed on the surface of the solder pad 16.
繼續地參閱圖2與圖3。完成步驟S3之後，本發明之焊接方法係接著執行步驟S4：將該合金粉末AP填入該接合溝槽13內。由於接合溝槽13的底部連接有焊接襯墊16，因此填入接合溝槽13內的合金粉末AP必定會覆蓋該焊接襯墊16的表面。接著，於步驟S5之中，係操作焊接系統2的一焊槍21於該頭端起弧件14處點燃電弧，接著令該焊槍21沿著該接合溝槽13直線移動至該尾端起弧件15處。如此操作，電弧的高熱便會將部分的第一母材11之第一接合面、部分的第二母材12之第二接合面、以及合金粉末AP熔融，而後形成熔池於該接合溝槽13之中，且熔池冷卻之後便形成焊縫(Weld bead)WB。當本發明之焊接方法的步驟流程執行至此之時，一根部焊道(Root pass)即形成於接合溝槽13的底部。特別值得一提的是，粉末的填入可以不是一次覆蓋接合溝槽13中，可採用一自動供粉機使粉末的填入保持在焊槍21位置的前緣，隨時可讓焊槍21於前進時有新的粉末供其熔化。此外，也可以將粉末包入薄金屬管中(以部分組成元素做成，如薄鐵管)，做成包心焊線，經過送線機直接由焊槍21槍口輸出產生電弧並受熱熔化，熔融金屬直接填入接合溝槽13中而形成焊道。Continue to refer to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3. After step S3 is completed, the welding method of the present invention proceeds to step S4: filling the alloy powder AP into the bonding groove 13. Since the welding pad 16 is connected to the bottom of the bonding groove 13, the alloy powder AP filled in the bonding groove 13 must cover the surface of the welding pad 16. Next, in step S5, a welding torch 21 operating the welding system 2 ignites an arc at the head end arcing member 14, and then the welding gun 21 is linearly moved along the joint groove 13 to the tail end arcing member. 15 places. In this way, the high heat of the arc will melt part of the first joint surface of the first base material 11, part of the second joint surface of the second base material 12, and the alloy powder AP, and then form a molten pool in the joint groove. 13 and after the molten pool is cooled, Weld bead WB is formed. When the step flow of the soldering method of the present invention is executed so far, a root pass is formed at the bottom of the bonding groove 13. It is particularly worth mentioning that the filling of the powder may not cover the bonding groove 13 at one time. An automatic powder feeder can be used to keep the filling of the powder at the leading edge of the welding torch 21, and the welding torch 21 can be advanced at any time. New powder is available for melting. In addition, the powder can also be wrapped in a thin metal tube (made of some constituent elements, such as a thin iron tube) to form a cored welding wire. After the wire feeder, an arc is generated directly from the muzzle output of the welding gun 21 and is heated and melted. The molten metal is directly filled into the bonding groove 13 to form a bead.
繼續地，本發明之焊接方法係接著執行步驟S6：再次地將該合金粉末AP填入該接合溝槽13，並重複執行該步驟S5。並且，此焊接方法進一步地執行步驟S7：重複執行該步驟S6，直至該接合溝槽13已經完全由焊縫WB所填滿。值得特別說明的是，執行該步驟S6與該步驟S7之前，可先將該焊接襯墊16移除，主要原因是該接合溝槽13的底部已經形成有所謂的根部焊道。當然，於焊接襯墊16沒有被移除的情況下，仍舊可以接著執行步驟S6與步驟S7。圖10係顯示第一母材、第二母材、焊縫、與焊接襯墊的立體圖。如圖8與圖10所示，由於焊接襯墊16的表面上形成有第一凹陷部161與第二凹陷部162，因此當該步驟S5完成之後，該焊縫WB會有一滲透部WBP位於該接合溝槽13的底部與該二凹陷部(161, 162)之間。由此可知，利用本發明之焊接方法只需要於第一母材11與第二母材12的表面完成焊接程序，便可以形成良好的焊縫WB以接合兩片母材，過程中並不需要再接著對第一母材11與第二母材12的底面進行背面清根(back gouging)處理而後於兩片母材的底面再進行重複性焊接程序。Continuing, the welding method of the present invention then performs step S6: filling the alloy powder AP into the bonding groove 13 again, and repeating step S5. Moreover, the welding method further performs step S7: step S6 is repeatedly performed until the bonding groove 13 is completely filled by the welding seam WB. It is worth noting that, before performing step S6 and step S7, the welding pad 16 can be removed first, mainly because a so-called root bead has been formed at the bottom of the bonding groove 13. Of course, if the solder pad 16 is not removed, steps S6 and S7 can still be performed. FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a first base material, a second base material, a weld, and a welding pad. As shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 10, since the first recessed portion 161 and the second recessed portion 162 are formed on the surface of the welding pad 16, after the step S5 is completed, the weld WB will have a penetrating portion WBP located in the area. The bottom of the bonding groove 13 and the two recessed portions (161, 162). It can be known from this that the welding method of the present invention only needs to complete the welding process on the surfaces of the first base material 11 and the second base material 12 to form a good weld WB to join the two base materials. Then, back gouging is performed on the bottom surfaces of the first base material 11 and the second base material 12, and then a repeated welding process is performed on the bottom surfaces of the two base materials.
雖然圖5與圖6係揭示第一母材11與第二母材12之間的接合溝槽13係具有根部間隙RG，但並不是限制實務上接合溝槽13一定要具有根部間隙RG之設計。圖11與圖12皆顯示第一母材與第二母材的側剖視圖。於圖11中，第一母材11的第一接合面與第二母材12的第二接合面為相互對稱的兩個面。另一方面，於圖12中，第一母材11的第一接合面與第二母材12的第二接合面為非對稱的兩個面。值得注意的是，圖11與圖12皆顯示形成於第一接合面與第二接合面之間的該接合溝槽13不具有根部間隙RG。於此，必須特別強調的是，即使接合溝槽13不具有根部間隙RG之設計，當該步驟S5完成之後，焊縫WB還是會有滲透部WBP位於接合溝槽13的底部與該焊接襯墊16的二凹陷部(161, 162)之間。主要原因在於，進行電弧焊之時，高熱會將部分的第一母材11、部分的第二母材12、以及合金粉末AP同時熔融。Although FIGS. 5 and 6 disclose that the bonding groove 13 between the first base material 11 and the second base material 12 has a root gap RG, it is not a limitation that the design of the bonding groove 13 must have a root gap RG in practice. . 11 and 12 each show a side cross-sectional view of a first base material and a second base material. In FIG. 11, the first joint surface of the first base material 11 and the second joint surface of the second base material 12 are two surfaces that are symmetrical to each other. On the other hand, in FIG. 12, the first joint surface of the first base material 11 and the second joint surface of the second base material 12 are asymmetrical two surfaces. It is worth noting that FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 both show that the bonding groove 13 formed between the first bonding surface and the second bonding surface does not have a root gap RG. Here, it must be particularly emphasized that even if the bonding groove 13 does not have a design of the root gap RG, after the step S5 is completed, the weld WB will still have a penetration portion WBP at the bottom of the bonding groove 13 and the welding pad. 16 between the two depressions (161, 162). The main reason is that at the time of arc welding, high heat will melt part of the first base material 11, part of the second base material 12, and the alloy powder AP at the same time.
繼續參閱圖13，係顯示第一母材、頭端起弧件、尾端起弧件、與焊槍的側視圖。必須補充說明的是，執行該步驟S5之時，可令焊槍21具有範圍介於20 o至45 o之間的一傾斜角度；或者，令焊槍21與一法線n之間具有範圍介於70 o至45 o之間的一夾角，其中此夾角稱為拖曳角(trailing angle)。另一方面，本發明之焊接方法主要係利用電弧焊完成焊接製程，而可以應用於本發明之中的電弧焊技術包括：潛弧焊(Submerged arc welding, SAW)、金屬極電弧焊(Metal arc welding, MAW)、惰氣金屬極電弧焊(Gas metal arc welding, GMAW)、惰氣鎢極電弧焊(Gas tungsten arc welding, GTAW)、原子氫電弧焊(Atomic-hydrogen arc welding, AHW)、與碳極電弧焊(Carbon arc welding, CAW)。圖2顯示的焊接系統即為惰氣鎢極電弧焊(GTAW)，該焊槍21為一TIG焊槍(Tungsten inert gas welding torch)；並且，執行該步驟S5之時，一氣體供應裝置23透過該焊槍21提供一保護氣體至該接合溝槽13，藉以利用該保護氣體於該合金粉末AP被電弧熔融之時防止熔融態的該合金粉末AP被氧化。 Continuing to refer to FIG. 13, it is a side view showing the first base material, the head end arcing part, the tail end arcing part, and the welding torch. It must be added that when the step S5 is performed, the welding torch 21 may have an inclination angle ranging from 20 o to 45 o ; or the welding torch 21 and a normal n may have a range between 70 An included angle between o and 45 o , where this included angle is called a trailing angle. On the other hand, the welding method of the present invention mainly uses arc welding to complete the welding process, and the arc welding techniques that can be applied in the present invention include: Submerged arc welding (SAW), Metal arc welding (Metal arc) (MAW), Gas metal arc welding (GMAW), Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), Atomic-hydrogen arc welding (AHW), and Carbon arc welding (CAW). The welding system shown in FIG. 2 is an inert gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). The welding torch 21 is a TIGsten inert gas welding torch. When performing step S5, a gas supply device 23 passes through the welding torch. 21 provides a shielding gas to the bonding groove 13 so as to use the shielding gas to prevent the alloy powder AP in a molten state from being oxidized when the alloy powder AP is melted by the arc.
繼續地參閱圖14，係顯示一種焊接系統的架構圖。為了利於應用本發明之焊接方法完成第一母材11與第二母材12的焊接製程，可利用一混粉裝置24完成步驟S1，以將五種至十一種的主要金屬元素之粉末混合成所述合金粉末AP。進一步地，於步驟S4之中，可使用供粉裝置25(例如噴槍或供粉管)將合金粉末AP注入該接合溝槽13內。請同時參閱圖15與圖16，係顯示第一母材、第二母材與接合溝槽的側視圖。其中，圖15顯示第一母材11與第二母材12為垂直接合，且第一母材11的第一接合面與第二母材12的第二接合面為非對稱的兩個面。另一方面，於圖16中，第一母材11與第二母材12也是垂直接合，但第一母材11的第一接合面與第二母材12的第二接合面為相互對稱的兩個面。由圖14、圖15與圖16可以推知，即使第一母材11與第二母材12為垂直接合，只要適當地調整或變更供粉裝置25之饋入管251的角度或形狀，仍然可以利用供粉裝置25順利地將合金粉末AP注入接合溝槽13內。也就是說，即使第一母材11與第二母材12之間係採用非標準接合設計(亦即，非水平接合)，本發明之焊接方法仍舊可以達成第一母材11與第二母材12之間的完美焊接。Continuing to refer to FIG. 14, a block diagram of a welding system is shown. In order to facilitate the welding process of the first base material 11 and the second base material 12 by applying the welding method of the present invention, a powder mixing device 24 can be used to complete step S1 to mix the powders of five to eleven main metal elements. Into the alloy powder AP. Further, in step S4, a powder supply device 25 (such as a spray gun or a powder supply tube) may be used to inject the alloy powder AP into the joint groove 13. Please refer to FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 together, which are side views showing the first base material, the second base material, and the bonding groove. Among them, FIG. 15 shows that the first base material 11 and the second base material 12 are vertically joined, and the first joining surface of the first base material 11 and the second joining surface of the second base material 12 are asymmetrical two surfaces. On the other hand, in FIG. 16, the first base material 11 and the second base material 12 are also joined vertically, but the first joint surface of the first base material 11 and the second joint surface of the second base material 12 are symmetrical to each other. Two faces. It can be inferred from FIG. 14, FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 that even if the first base material 11 and the second base material 12 are vertically joined, as long as the angle or shape of the feed pipe 251 of the powder supply device 25 is appropriately adjusted or changed, it can still be used. The powder supply device 25 smoothly injects the alloy powder AP into the bonding groove 13. That is, even if a non-standard joint design (ie, non-horizontal joint) is adopted between the first base material 11 and the second base material 12, the welding method of the present invention can still achieve the first base material 11 and the second base material Perfect welding between the 12 materials.
如此，上述係已完整且清楚地說明本發明之一種以合金粉末作為焊接填料的焊接方法；並且，經由上述可知本發明係具有下列之優點：In this way, the above system has completely and clearly explained a welding method of the present invention using alloy powder as a welding filler; and, according to the above, it can be seen that the present system has the following advantages:
(1)不同於習知技術通常以合金焊絲作為焊接填料，本發明提出以合金粉末作為焊接填料的焊接方法。本發明係基於適當比例將至少五種金屬元素的粉末混合成一高熵合金粉末以作為焊接填料，接著將該高熵合金粉末填入位於兩個母材之間的一接合溝槽之中。繼續地，利用電弧焊技術於該接合溝槽之中完成初次焊接(根部焊)之後，再重複性地執行填入高熵合金粉末以及焊接的動作，直到焊縫達到預定的長度與厚度為止。由於本發明係以高熵合金粉末作為焊接填料，因此形成於兩個母材之間的焊縫具有細緻的超細組織，同時也提升比強度、斷裂阻抗、抗拉強度、及抗腐蝕與抗氧化能力等特性。(1) Unlike the conventional technology, which generally uses an alloy welding wire as a welding filler, the present invention proposes a welding method using an alloy powder as a welding filler. The invention is based on mixing powders of at least five metal elements into a high-entropy alloy powder as a welding filler based on an appropriate ratio, and then filling the high-entropy alloy powder into a joint groove between two base materials. Continue to use arc welding technology to complete the initial welding (root welding) in the bonding groove, and then repeatedly perform the operations of filling the high-entropy alloy powder and welding until the weld seam reaches a predetermined length and thickness. Since the present invention uses high-entropy alloy powder as the welding filler, the weld formed between the two base materials has a fine and ultra-fine structure, and at the same time, the specific strength, fracture resistance, tensile strength, and corrosion and resistance are improved. Oxidation ability and other characteristics.
(2)另一方面，配合供粉裝置 (例如噴槍或供粉管)之使用，即使兩個母材之間係採用非標準接合設計(亦即，非水平接合)，本發明之焊接方法仍舊可以達成將兩個母材完美接合。(2) On the other hand, with the use of a powder supply device (such as a spray gun or a powder supply tube), the welding method of the present invention is still used even if a non-standard joint design is used between two base materials (that is, non-horizontal joint) It is possible to achieve perfect joining of two base materials.
必須加以強調的是，上述之詳細說明係針對本發明可行實施例之具體說明，惟該實施例並非用以限制本發明之專利範圍，凡未脫離本發明技藝精神所為之等效實施或變更，均應包含於本案之專利範圍中。It must be emphasized that the above detailed description is a specific description of a feasible embodiment of the present invention, but this embodiment is not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention, and any equivalent implementation or change without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, All should be included in the patent scope of this case.
＜本發明＞<Invention>
21‧‧‧焊槍21‧‧‧ welding torch
22‧‧‧電弧焊供電裝置22‧‧‧ Arc welding power supply device
23‧‧‧氣體供應裝置23‧‧‧Gas supply device
S1-S7‧‧‧步驟S1-S7‧‧‧ steps
AP‧‧‧合金粉末AP‧‧‧alloy powder
11‧‧‧第一母材11‧‧‧ the first base material
12‧‧‧第二母材12‧‧‧Second base material
13‧‧‧接合溝槽13‧‧‧Joint groove
14‧‧‧頭端起弧件14‧‧‧Head end arc
15‧‧‧尾端起弧件15‧‧‧arc end piece
16‧‧‧焊接襯墊16‧‧‧welding pad
RG‧‧‧根部間隙RG‧‧‧Root clearance
141‧‧‧第一溝槽141‧‧‧first groove
151‧‧‧第二溝槽151‧‧‧Second Groove
161‧‧‧第一凹陷部161‧‧‧First depression
162‧‧‧第二凹陷部162‧‧‧Second depression
WB‧‧‧焊縫WB‧‧‧ Weld
WBP‧‧‧滲透部WBP‧‧‧ Penetration Department
n‧‧‧法線n‧‧‧normal
24‧‧‧混粉裝置24‧‧‧ Powder Mixing Device
25‧‧‧供粉裝置25‧‧‧ powder supply device
251‧‧‧饋入管251‧‧‧Feeding tube
2‧‧‧操作焊接系統2‧‧‧ Operation welding system
＜習知＞＜ Learning ＞
21’‧‧‧焊槍21’‧‧‧ torch
22’‧‧‧電弧焊供電裝置22’‧‧‧ Arc welding power supply device
23’‧‧‧氣體供應裝置23’‧‧‧Gas supply device
HE’‧‧‧高熵合金焊絲HE’‧‧‧High Entropy Alloy Welding Wire
11’‧‧‧左母材11’‧‧‧left parent metal
12’‧‧‧右母材12’‧‧‧right parent metal
13’‧‧‧接合溝槽13’‧‧‧ junction groove
圖1係顯示習知的一種焊接系統的架構圖； 圖2係顯示一種焊接系統的架構圖； 圖3係顯示本發明之一種以合金粉末作為焊接填料的焊接方法的方法流程圖； 圖4係顯示方法流程之中的步驟S2與步驟S3的製程示意圖； 圖5係顯示第一母材與第二母材的多組側剖視圖； 圖6係顯示第一母材與第二母材的多組側剖視圖； 圖7係顯示第一母材、第二母材、頭端起弧件、與尾端起弧件的立體圖； 圖8係顯示第一母材、第二母材、與焊接襯墊的立體圖； 圖9係顯示第一母材、第二母材、與焊接襯墊的側剖視圖； 圖10係顯示第一母材、第二母材、焊縫、與焊接襯墊的立體圖； 圖11係顯示第一母材與第二母材的側剖視圖； 圖12係顯示第一母材與第二母材的側剖視圖； 圖13係顯示第一母材、頭端起弧件、尾端起弧件、與焊槍的側視圖； 圖14係顯示一種焊接系統的架構圖； 圖15係顯示第一母材、第二母材與接合溝槽的側視圖；以及 圖16係顯示第一母材、第二母材與接合溝槽的側視圖。FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a conventional welding system; FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a welding system; FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a welding method using an alloy powder as a welding filler according to the present invention; The process schematic diagrams of steps S2 and S3 in the method flow are shown; FIG. 5 is a side sectional view showing a plurality of groups of a first base material and a second base material; FIG. 6 is a plurality of groups of a first base material and a second base material Side sectional view; Fig. 7 is a perspective view showing a first base material, a second base material, a head end arcing member, and a tail end arcing member; Fig. 8 series is showing a first base material, a second base material, and a welding pad Fig. 9 is a side sectional view showing the first base material, the second base material, and the welding pad; Fig. 10 is a perspective view showing the first base material, the second base material, the weld, and the welding pad; Series 11 shows a side cross-sectional view of a first base material and a second base material; Figure 12 shows a side cross-sectional view of a first base material and a second base material; Figure 13 shows a first base material, a head end arcing part, and a tail end Side view of the arc starting part and the welding torch; FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a welding system; FIG. 15 is a side view showing the first base material, the second base material and the bonding groove; and FIG. 16 is a side view showing the first base material, the second base material and the bonding groove.
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| CN115404037B (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2023-08-15 | 东莞市纳百川电子科技有限公司 | Metal hand die weld joint filling material, preparation method and weld joint treatment process |
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