TWI667473B - Method for measuring foaming height of molten slag - Google Patents
Method for measuring foaming height of molten slag Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一種爐渣發泡量測裝置，用於量測熔融爐渣的發泡高度，該爐渣發泡量測裝置包含一坩鍋單元、一外罩及一電壓檢測單元。該坩鍋單元用於容置該熔融爐渣。該外罩環繞該坩鍋單元且與該坩鍋單元相間隔。該電壓檢測單元包括一固定電極、一移動電極及一發泡儀，該移動電極底端能於該熔融爐渣的內外上下移動，該發泡儀能即時偵測電壓。本發明爐渣發泡量測裝置能解決以現有裝置量測熔融爐渣之發泡高度時，需針對不同組成的爐渣重新製作檢量線及量測精準度會下降的缺點。 A slag foaming measuring device for measuring a foaming height of a molten slag, the slag foaming measuring device comprising a crucible unit, a casing and a voltage detecting unit. The crucible unit is for accommodating the molten slag. The outer cover surrounds the crucible unit and is spaced from the crucible unit. The voltage detecting unit comprises a fixed electrode, a moving electrode and a foaming device. The bottom end of the moving electrode can move up and down inside and outside the molten slag, and the foaming device can instantly detect the voltage. The slag foaming measuring device of the invention can solve the shortcomings of re-making the calibration curve and measuring precision for the slag of different compositions when measuring the foaming height of the molten slag by the existing device.
Description
本發明是有關於一種爐渣發泡量測裝置及量測熔融爐渣發泡高度的方法，特別是指一種包含電壓檢測單元的爐渣發泡量測裝置及通過觀察電壓變化之量測熔融爐渣發泡高度的方法。 The invention relates to a slag foaming measuring device and a method for measuring the foaming height of a molten slag, in particular to a slag foaming measuring device comprising a voltage detecting unit and measuring the melting of the molten slag by observing the change of the voltage The height of the method.
現有的電弧爐煉鋼廠中，發泡製程除了能有效降低爐體、電極及鋼水的損耗外，還能降低熔煉所需要的電能。因此，若能在煉鋼前即精準評估出熔融爐渣的發泡高度，便可得知所使用的爐渣於煉鋼時的發泡效率是否良好，進而能有效評估每一個爐次的爐渣品質，以改善煉鋼製程。 In the existing electric arc furnace steelmaking plant, the foaming process can reduce the loss of the furnace body, the electrode and the molten steel, and also reduce the electric energy required for the melting. Therefore, if the foaming height of the molten slag can be accurately evaluated before steel making, it can be known whether the slag used in the steelmaking is good in foaming efficiency, and the slag quality of each heat can be effectively evaluated. To improve the steelmaking process.
CN104931556B即揭示一種用於評估熔融爐渣之發泡高度的爐渣發泡量測裝置，其是將兩支電極(高溫導電棒)分別固定在用於容置熔融爐渣的坩鍋上，其中一支電極固定在坩鍋內並浸置於熔融爐渣中，另一支電極則是固定在坩鍋壁上。通過熔融爐渣發泡時所產生之氣泡造成的液面高度變化與電極的電流變化，再依據該液面高度與電流的變化製作線性關係式(即檢量線)。之後根據該 檢量線及所偵測到的電流，即可得到熔融爐渣的發泡高度。 CN104931556B discloses a slag foaming measuring device for evaluating the foaming height of molten slag, wherein two electrodes (high temperature conductive rods) are respectively fixed on a crucible for accommodating molten slag, wherein one electrode It is fixed in the crucible and immersed in the molten slag, and the other electrode is fixed on the wall of the crucible. The liquid level change caused by the bubble generated when the molten slag is foamed and the current change of the electrode are made, and a linear relationship (ie, the calibration line) is created according to the change of the liquid level and the current. Then according to the The proofing line and the detected current can obtain the foaming height of the molten slag.
然而，前述的爐渣發泡量測裝置若欲應用在具有不同組成的爐渣時，皆需針對每種組成的爐渣重新製作檢量線，造成時間浪費；此外，由於熔融爐渣於發泡中所產生的氣泡為液體包覆氣體，故以前述的爐渣發泡量測裝置量測時，其浸置於熔融爐渣中的電極可能部份會被液體覆蓋，部份被氣體覆蓋，導致該電極的電阻值會產生差異而造成量測精準度下降。 However, if the foregoing slag foaming measuring device is to be applied to slag having different compositions, it is necessary to reproduce the calibration curve for each composition of the slag, resulting in waste of time; in addition, due to the melting slag generated in the foaming The bubble is a liquid-coated gas, so when measured by the aforementioned slag foaming measuring device, the electrode immersed in the molten slag may be partially covered by the liquid, and partially covered by the gas, resulting in the resistance of the electrode. Values can vary and measurement accuracy decreases.
因此，如何解決以前述爐渣發泡量測裝置量測熔融爐渣之發泡高度時，需針對不同組成的爐渣重新製作檢量線及量測精準度會下降的缺點，成為當務之急。 Therefore, how to solve the problem of measuring the foaming height of the molten slag by using the slag foaming measuring device described above, it is imperative to reproduce the calibrated line of different compositions and reduce the accuracy of the measuring accuracy.
因此，本發明的第一目的，即在提供一種用於量測熔融爐渣之發泡高度的爐渣發泡量測裝置，其能解決現有爐渣發泡量測裝置於量測熔融爐渣發泡高度時所產生的各種缺點。 Therefore, a first object of the present invention is to provide a slag foaming measuring device for measuring the foaming height of a molten slag, which can solve the problem of measuring the foaming height of a molten slag by using the existing slag foaming measuring device The various shortcomings that arise.
於是，本發明爐渣發泡量測裝置，包含一坩鍋單元、一外罩及一電壓檢測單元。 Therefore, the slag foaming measuring device of the present invention comprises a crucible unit, a cover and a voltage detecting unit.
該坩鍋單元用於容置該熔融爐渣。 The crucible unit is for accommodating the molten slag.
該外罩環繞該坩鍋單元且與該坩鍋單元相間隔。 The outer cover surrounds the crucible unit and is spaced from the crucible unit.
該電壓檢測單元包括一固定電極、一移動電極及一發泡儀，該固定電極底端固定並浸置在該熔融爐渣中且頂端與該發泡儀電連接，該移動電極底端能於該熔融爐渣的內外上下移動且頂端與該發泡儀電連接，該發泡儀能即時偵測電壓。The voltage detecting unit comprises a fixed electrode, a moving electrode and a foaming device, wherein the bottom end of the fixed electrode is fixed and immersed in the molten slag and the top end is electrically connected to the foaming device, and the bottom end of the moving electrode can be The inside and outside of the molten slag move up and down and the top end is electrically connected to the foaming device, and the foaming instrument can instantly detect the voltage.
因此，本發明的第二目的，即在提供一種量測熔融爐渣發泡高度的方法，是利用前述的爐渣發泡量測裝置來量測。Accordingly, a second object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the foaming height of a molten slag by using the aforementioned slag foaming measuring device.
於是，本發明量測熔融爐渣發泡高度的方法包含下列步驟： (1) 使該熔融爐渣容置於該坩鍋單元內，且使該移動電極底端與該熔融爐渣液面間隔一距離； (2) 使該移動電極底端往該熔融爐渣液面移動，同時觀察該發泡儀所即時偵測到的電壓，於該電壓驟升時，該移動電極底端與該坩鍋單元底端的距離即為第一高度； (3) 使該熔融爐渣進行發泡而產生氣泡，並使該移動電極底端與該氣泡的液面間隔一距離； (4) 使該移動電極底端往該氣泡液面移動，同時觀察該發泡儀所即時偵測到的電壓，於該電壓驟升時，該移動電極底端與該坩鍋單元底端的距離即為第二高度；及 (5) 根據該第一高度、該第二高度與下列公式(I)計算出該熔融爐渣的發泡高度， 公式(I)： 發泡高度=第二高度 − 第一高度。Therefore, the method for measuring the foaming height of the molten slag according to the present invention comprises the following steps: (1) accommodating the molten slag in the crucible unit, and spacing the bottom end of the moving electrode from the liquid surface of the molten slag; (2) moving the bottom end of the moving electrode toward the surface of the molten slag while observing the voltage detected by the foaming device, and when the voltage is swelled, the bottom end of the moving electrode and the bottom end of the crucible unit The distance is the first height; (3) foaming the molten slag to generate bubbles, and spacing the bottom end of the moving electrode from the liquid surface of the bubble; (4) moving the bottom end of the moving electrode toward the bubble The liquid level moves while observing the voltage detected by the foaming device at the same time. When the voltage is swelled, the distance between the bottom end of the moving electrode and the bottom end of the crucible unit is the second height; and (5) according to the The first height, the second height, and the foaming height of the molten slag are calculated by the following formula (I), and the formula (I): the foaming height = the second height − the first height.
本發明的功效在於：由於本發明爐渣發泡量測裝置的兩支電極設計為一支電極(固定電極)底端固定並浸置在該熔融爐渣中，而另一支電極(移動電極)底端能於該熔融爐渣的內外上下移動，與現有爐渣發泡量測裝置的兩支電極皆設計為固定不動不同，因而以本發明裝置量測熔融爐渣之發泡高度時，無需製作檢量線且也不會發生部份電極被液體覆蓋及部份電極被氣體覆蓋所導致量測精準度下降的問題，解決以現有裝置量測熔融爐渣之發泡高度時，需針對不同組成的爐渣重新製作檢量線及量測精準度會下降的缺點。The effect of the present invention is that the two electrodes of the slag foaming measuring device of the present invention are designed such that one electrode (fixed electrode) is fixed at the bottom end and immersed in the molten slag, and the other electrode (moving electrode) is bottom. The end can move up and down in the inner and outer portions of the molten slag, and the two electrodes of the existing slag foaming measuring device are designed to be fixed and fixed. Therefore, when the foaming height of the molten slag is measured by the device of the present invention, it is not necessary to make a calibration curve. Moreover, the problem that the measurement accuracy is lowered due to the partial coverage of the liquid by the liquid and the partial coverage of the electrode by the gas does not occur. When the foaming height of the molten slag is measured by the existing device, it is necessary to reproduce the slag of different compositions. The shortcomings of the calibration line and measurement accuracy will decrease.
此外，本發明方法的原理是利用該移動電極於氣體中及於接觸熔融爐渣液面時之電壓不同的特性，來推算出爐渣的發泡高度。更具體解釋如下：在該步驟(2)中，當該移動電極底端尚在氣體中移動時，該發泡儀所即時偵測到的電壓(即該移動電極於氣體中的電壓)會先逐漸上升，然而當該移動電極底端移動至與該熔融爐渣液面接觸的瞬間，該發泡儀所即時偵測到的電壓便會突然驟升至一特定電壓(即該移動電極於接觸該熔融爐渣液面時的電壓)，此時該移動電極底端與該坩鍋單元底端的距離即為進行發泡前之熔融爐渣的液面高度(即該第一高度)；接著在該步驟(4)中，當該移動電極底端尚在氣體中移動時，該發泡儀所即時偵測到的電壓同樣會先逐漸上升，然而當該移動電極底端移動至與該氣泡液面接觸的瞬間，該發泡儀所即時偵測到的電壓同樣會突然驟升至該特定電壓，此時該移動電極底端與該坩鍋單元底端的距離即為熔融爐渣進行發泡後所產生氣泡的液面高度(即該第二高度)，最後，將該熔融爐渣進行發泡後所產生氣泡的液面高度(即該第二高度)減掉該未進行發泡前之熔融爐渣的液面高度(即該第一高度)的差值便是熔融爐渣的發泡高度。Further, the principle of the method of the present invention is to estimate the foaming height of the slag by utilizing the characteristics of the voltage difference between the moving electrode and the gas in contact with the liquid surface of the molten slag. More specifically explained as follows: in the step (2), when the bottom end of the moving electrode is still moving in the gas, the voltage detected by the foaming device (ie, the voltage of the moving electrode in the gas) will be first Gradually rising, however, when the bottom end of the moving electrode moves to the surface of the molten slag, the voltage detected by the foaming device suddenly rises to a specific voltage (ie, the moving electrode contacts the The voltage at which the liquid level of the slag is melted, and the distance between the bottom end of the moving electrode and the bottom end of the crucible unit is the liquid level of the molten slag before foaming (ie, the first height); then in this step ( 4), when the bottom end of the moving electrode is still moving in the gas, the voltage detected by the foaming device will also gradually rise first, but when the bottom end of the moving electrode moves to contact with the liquid surface of the bubble In an instant, the voltage detected by the foaming device suddenly rises to the specific voltage, and the distance between the bottom end of the moving electrode and the bottom end of the crucible unit is the bubble generated after the molten slag is foamed. Liquid level (ie the second height), Thereafter, the liquid level of the bubble generated after the molten slag is foamed (ie, the second height) is subtracted from the difference between the liquid level of the molten slag before the foaming (ie, the first height) It is the foaming height of the molten slag.
以下將就本發明內容進行詳細說明：The contents of the present invention will be described in detail below:
＜< 爐渣發泡量測裝置Slag foaming measuring device ＞>
較佳地，該坩鍋單元包括一用於容置該熔融爐渣的內坩鍋與一環繞該內坩鍋的外坩鍋。該內坩鍋及外坩鍋的材料可以選用現有任何能耐高溫與耐腐蝕的材料，該內坩鍋的材料例如但不限於為鉬，該外坩鍋的材料例如但不限於為為石墨。Preferably, the crucible unit comprises an inner crucible for accommodating the molten slag and an outer crucible surrounding the inner crucible. The material of the inner crucible and the outer crucible may be any material capable of withstanding high temperature and corrosion resistance, and the material of the inner crucible is, for example but not limited to, molybdenum, and the material of the outer crucible is, for example but not limited to, graphite.
較佳地，該爐渣發泡量測裝置還包含一用於量測該熔融爐渣之溫度的熱電偶單元。Preferably, the slag foaming measuring device further comprises a thermocouple unit for measuring the temperature of the molten slag.
較佳地，該爐渣發泡量測裝置還包含一供氣體經由其通入該熔融爐渣中的通氣單元。Preferably, the slag foaming measuring device further comprises a venting unit through which the gas is passed into the molten slag.
該外罩的材料並無特別限制，只要能用於隔絕該坩鍋單元與外界空氣的材料。該外罩的材料例如但不限於為石英。The material of the outer cover is not particularly limited as long as it can be used to isolate the material of the crucible unit from the outside air. The material of the outer cover is, for example but not limited to, quartz.
＜< 量測熔融Measurement melting 爐渣發泡高度的方法Method for slag foaming height ＞>
較佳地，該爐渣發泡量測裝置還包含一用於量測該熔融爐渣之溫度的熱電偶單元，且該步驟(1)還包括一對該熱電偶單元做溫度校正的步驟。Preferably, the slag foaming measuring device further comprises a thermocouple unit for measuring the temperature of the molten slag, and the step (1) further comprises the step of temperature correcting the pair of thermocouple units.
較佳地，該步驟(1)至(4)是於一惰性氣體的環境下進行。Preferably, the steps (1) to (4) are carried out under an inert gas atmosphere.
較佳地，該爐渣發泡量測裝置還包含一供氣體經由其通入該熔融爐渣中的通氣單元，且該步驟(3)是利用該通氣單元通入氣體至該熔融爐渣中，以使該熔融爐渣進行發泡。Preferably, the slag foaming measuring device further comprises a venting unit through which the gas is supplied into the molten slag, and the step (3) is: using the venting unit to pass gas into the molten slag, so that The molten slag is foamed.
本發明將就以下實施例來作進一步說明，但應瞭解的是，該實施例僅為例示說明，而不應被解釋為本發明實施的限制。The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples, but it should be understood that the examples are merely illustrative and not to be construed as limiting.
在本發明被詳細描述前，應當注意在以下的說明內容中，類似的元件是以相同的編號來表示。Before the present invention is described in detail, it should be noted that in the following description, similar elements are denoted by the same reference numerals.
＜< 第一實施例First embodiment ＞>
爐渣發泡量測裝置Slag foaming measuring device
參閱圖1與圖2，本發明爐渣發泡量測裝置的一第一實施例用於量測熔融爐渣6之發泡高度。該爐渣發泡量測裝置是設置於一高週波熔解爐(圖未示)中，且包含一坩鍋單元1、一外罩2、一電壓檢測單元3、一通氣單元4及一熱電偶單元5。Referring to Figures 1 and 2, a first embodiment of the slag foaming measuring device of the present invention is used to measure the foaming height of the molten slag 6. The slag foaming measuring device is disposed in a high frequency melting furnace (not shown), and comprises a crucible unit 1, a cover 2, a voltage detecting unit 3, a venting unit 4 and a thermocouple unit 5 .
該坩鍋單元1包括一用於容置該熔融爐渣6的內坩鍋11與一環繞該內坩鍋11的外坩鍋12。該內坩鍋11的材料為鉬，該外坩鍋12的材料為石墨。The crucible unit 1 includes an inner crucible 11 for accommodating the molten slag 6, and an outer crucible 12 surrounding the inner crucible 11. The material of the inner crucible 11 is molybdenum, and the material of the outer crucible 12 is graphite.
該高週波熔解爐能使該坩鍋單元1進行升溫，以使容置於該內坩鍋11內的待測爐渣樣品能熔融成該熔融爐渣6，而該材料為石墨的外坩鍋12有助於該高週波熔解爐進行導電加熱。The high-frequency melting furnace can heat the crucible unit 1 so that the sample of the slag to be tested contained in the inner crucible 11 can be melted into the molten slag 6, and the outer crucible 12 of the material is graphite Help the high-frequency melting furnace to conduct conductive heating.
該外罩2的材料為石英，且環繞該坩鍋單元1並與該坩鍋單元1相間隔。需說明的是，於量測該熔融爐渣6之發泡高度時，可於該外罩2內充滿惰性氣體(例如氮氣)，而該外罩2能隔絕該坩鍋單元1與外界空氣，進而達到控制該坩鍋單元1於量測時的環境氣氛，以及保溫的效果。The material of the outer cover 2 is quartz and surrounds the crucible unit 1 and is spaced apart from the crucible unit 1. It should be noted that when measuring the foaming height of the molten slag 6, the outer cover 2 may be filled with an inert gas (for example, nitrogen), and the outer cover 2 can isolate the crucible unit 1 from the outside air, thereby achieving control. The crucible unit 1 measures the ambient atmosphere and the effect of the heat preservation.
該電壓檢測單元3包括一固定電極31、一移動電極32、一發泡儀33、一檢流計34及一連接器35。該固定電極31底端311固定並浸置在該熔融爐渣6中且頂端312與該發泡儀33電連接。該移動電極32底端321能於該熔融爐渣6的內外上下移動且頂端322與該發泡儀33電連接。該檢流計34設置於該固定電極31頂端312與該發泡儀33間，且分別與該固定電極31與該發泡儀33電連接。該連接器35設置於該固定電極31頂端312與該發泡儀33間，且可用於輸入或輸出電腦設定的訊號。需說明的是，通過電腦程式設定，該發泡儀33可控制該移動電極32的上下移動速度，並能即時偵測電壓，以及該移動電極32底端321與該坩鍋單元1底端13間之距離。The voltage detecting unit 3 includes a fixed electrode 31, a moving electrode 32, a foaming device 33, a galvanometer 34, and a connector 35. The bottom end 311 of the fixed electrode 31 is fixed and immersed in the molten slag 6 and the tip end 312 is electrically connected to the foaming device 33. The bottom end 321 of the moving electrode 32 is movable up and down inside and outside the molten slag 6, and the tip end 322 is electrically connected to the foaming device 33. The galvanometer 34 is disposed between the top end 312 of the fixed electrode 31 and the foaming device 33, and is electrically connected to the fixed electrode 31 and the foaming device 33, respectively. The connector 35 is disposed between the top end 312 of the fixed electrode 31 and the foaming device 33, and can be used for inputting or outputting a signal set by a computer. It should be noted that, by computer program setting, the foaming device 33 can control the up and down moving speed of the moving electrode 32, and can instantly detect the voltage, and the bottom end 321 of the moving electrode 32 and the bottom end 13 of the crucible unit 1 The distance between them.
該通氣單元4為一形成於該固定電極31上的通道，且能使氣體經由該通道通入該熔融爐渣6中。需說明的是，本實施例的該通氣單元4並不一定要為前述形成於該固定電極31上之通道的設計，該通氣單元4也可以設計為一額外裝設的吹氣管，只要能使氣體經由其通入該熔融爐渣6中即可；此外，本實施例之該通氣單元4的設計是為了使該熔融爐渣6進行發泡(即能通入氣體至該熔融爐渣6中)，因此，若是透過非以通入氣體的方式使該熔融爐渣6進行發泡時，則本發明爐渣發泡量測裝置便無需包含該通氣單元4，前述該非以通入氣體的方式舉例為藉由加入能使該熔融爐渣6進行還原反應的化學成分至該熔融爐渣6中，而使該熔融爐渣6進行發泡。The venting unit 4 is a passage formed on the fixed electrode 31 and allows gas to pass into the molten slag 6 via the passage. It should be noted that the venting unit 4 of the present embodiment does not have to be the design of the channel formed on the fixed electrode 31. The venting unit 4 can also be designed as an additional air blowing tube, as long as The gas can be introduced into the molten slag 6 through it; in addition, the venting unit 4 of the present embodiment is designed to foam the molten slag 6 (that is, to pass gas into the molten slag 6), If the molten slag 6 is foamed by means of not introducing a gas, the slag foaming measuring device of the present invention does not need to include the venting unit 4, and the non-injecting gas is exemplified by adding The chemical component which can carry out the reduction reaction of the molten slag 6 is sent to the molten slag 6, and the molten slag 6 is foamed.
該熱電偶單元5為B型熱電偶單元，且包括二熱電偶51,52，該等熱電偶51,52分別具有一檢測端511,521。需說明的是，於進行溫度校正時，該熱電偶51的檢測端511會接觸該內坩鍋11且另一熱電偶52的檢測端521會接觸該熔融爐渣6底端，以藉此得知該內坩堝11與該熔融爐渣6底端間的溫度關係，而後續於量測熔融爐渣發泡高度時，只需利用與該內坩鍋11接觸的熱電偶51即可測得該內坩鍋11的溫度，進而可得知該熔融爐渣6的溫度，無需再***與該熔融爐渣6底端接觸的熱電偶52。The thermocouple unit 5 is a B-type thermocouple unit and includes two thermocouples 51, 52 having a detection end 511, 521, respectively. It should be noted that when the temperature correction is performed, the detecting end 511 of the thermocouple 51 contacts the inner crucible 11 and the detecting end 521 of the other thermocouple 52 contacts the bottom end of the molten slag 6, thereby knowing The temperature relationship between the inner crucible 11 and the bottom end of the molten slag 6, and when measuring the foaming height of the molten slag, the inner crucible can be measured only by using the thermocouple 51 in contact with the inner crucible 11. The temperature of 11 is further known as the temperature of the molten slag 6, and it is no longer necessary to insert the thermocouple 52 in contact with the bottom end of the molten slag 6.
＜< 第二實施例Second embodiment ＞>
量測熔融Measurement melting 爐渣發泡高度的方法Method for slag foaming height
參閱圖1與圖2，本發明第二實施例之量測熔融爐渣發泡高度的方法是利用前述該第一實施例的爐渣發泡量測裝置來量測，且該量測熔融爐渣發泡高度的方法包含下列步驟(a)至(i)，且該步驟(a)至(e)與(g)至(h)是於氮氣環境下進行(即使該外罩2內充滿氮氣)。先說明的是，本發明第二實施例為分別量測三種具有不同組成之熔融爐渣的發泡高度，而該等熔融爐渣是由三種待測爐渣樣品(第一至第三樣品)經熔融後所得，該第一至第三樣品的組成及比例與預設量測溫度整理於下表1中。 表1 第一樣品第二樣品第三樣品組成比例FeO (wt%) 30 20 10 CaO/SiO2 (wt%/wt%) 2.5 2.5 2.5 MgO (wt%) 5 5 5 Al2O3 (wt%) 5 5 5 預設量測溫度(℃) 1500 1550 1600 Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the method for measuring the foaming height of the molten slag according to the second embodiment of the present invention is measured by using the slag foaming measuring device of the first embodiment, and the measuring slag foaming is measured. The height method comprises the following steps (a) to (i), and the steps (a) to (e) and (g) to (h) are carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere (even if the outer cover 2 is filled with nitrogen). First, the second embodiment of the present invention measures the foaming heights of three kinds of molten slags having different compositions, and the molten slag is melted by three samples of the slag to be tested (first to third samples). As a result, the composition and ratio of the first to third samples and the preset measurement temperature were summarized in Table 1 below. Table 1 First sample second sample third sample composition ratio FeO (wt%) 30 20 10 CaO/SiO2 (wt%/wt%) 2.5 2.5 2.5 MgO (wt%) 5 5 5 Al2O3 (wt%) 5 5 5 Pre Set the measurement temperature (°C) 1500 1550 1600
步驟 (a)- 前置作業：首先針對該電壓檢測單元3的該移動電極32進行電極零點校正後，將100 g的待測爐渣樣品置於該坩鍋單元1的內坩鍋11中。 Step (a) - Pre-operation: First, after electrode zero correction is performed for the moving electrode 32 of the voltage detecting unit 3, 100 g of the sample of the slag to be tested is placed in the inner crucible 11 of the crucible unit 1.
步驟 (b)- 熔融作業：以該高週波熔解爐(圖未示)加熱該坩鍋單元1，並使該坩鍋單元1升溫至位於該內坩鍋11中的待測爐渣樣品熔融成該熔融爐渣6，接著使該熱電偶單元5之熱電偶51的檢測端511接觸該內坩鍋11及使該熱電偶52的檢測端521接觸該熔融爐渣6底端，以進行溫度校正，進而得知該內坩堝11與該熔融爐渣6間的溫度關係後，取出該熱電偶52。在此步驟中，是以鉬棒測試該待測爐渣樣品是否完全熔化，且該移動電極32底端321與該熔融爐渣液面間隔一距離。補充說明的是，於進行溫度校正後，後續於量測該熔融爐渣6的發泡高度時，僅利用該熱電偶51量測該內坩鍋11的溫度，即可換算並控制該熔融爐渣6的溫度。 Step (b) - melting operation: heating the crucible unit 1 in the high-frequency melting furnace (not shown), and heating the crucible unit 1 to a sample of the slag to be tested located in the inner crucible 11 to be melted into Melting the slag 6, then contacting the detecting end 511 of the thermocouple 51 of the thermocouple unit 5 with the inner crucible 11 and contacting the detecting end 521 of the thermocouple 52 with the bottom end of the molten slag 6 for temperature correction, thereby obtaining After knowing the temperature relationship between the inner crucible 11 and the molten slag 6, the thermocouple 52 is taken out. In this step, the sample of the slag to be tested is completely melted by a molybdenum rod, and the bottom end 321 of the moving electrode 32 is spaced apart from the liquid level of the molten slag. It is to be noted that, after the temperature correction is performed, when the foaming height of the molten slag 6 is subsequently measured, the temperature of the inner crucible 11 is measured only by the thermocouple 51, and the molten slag 6 can be converted and controlled. temperature.
步驟 (c)- 量測第一高度 ( 進行發泡前之熔融爐渣的液面高度 ) ：先依據所量測的樣品調整該高週波熔解爐功率，讓熔融爐渣6的溫度升高至該表1中所示的預設量測溫度，接著使該移動電極32底端321往該熔融爐渣6液面移動，同時觀察該發泡儀33所即時偵測到的電壓，於該電壓驟升時，該移動電極32底端321與該坩鍋單元1底端13間之距離即為第一高度。 Step (c) - measuring the first height ( the liquid level of the molten slag before foaming ) : first adjusting the power of the high-frequency melting furnace according to the measured sample, so that the temperature of the molten slag 6 is raised to the table The preset measurement temperature shown in 1 is followed by moving the bottom end 321 of the moving electrode 32 to the liquid level of the molten slag 6, while observing the voltage detected by the foaming device 33, when the voltage is suddenly raised. The distance between the bottom end 321 of the moving electrode 32 and the bottom end 13 of the crucible unit 1 is the first height.
為了更詳細解釋本步驟(c)，以下依據圖5的線A-B-C進一步說明：該圖5的線A-B-C為該第一樣品之熔融爐渣在發泡前，該移動電極32自該熔融爐渣6外向該熔融爐渣6液面移動時，該移動電極32底端321與該坩鍋單元1底端13之距離(縱軸)及該發泡儀33所即時偵測到的電壓(橫軸)之變化關係。該線A-B-C中的點A為該移動電極32位於該熔融爐渣6外所偵測到的電壓，此時，該移動電極32底端321與該坩鍋單元1底端13的距離為起始距離(60 mm)，所偵測到的電壓也最小(1000 mV)；隨著該移動電極32於該熔融爐渣6外的氮氣環境中往下朝該熔融爐渣6液面移動(即該移動電極32底端321與該坩鍋單元1底端13的距離逐漸縮短)時，電壓會由1000 mV逐漸上升至2000 mV；而當電壓上升至2000 mV (即線A-B-C中的點B)時，電壓會突然驟升至5000 mV (即線A-B-C中的點C)，表示該點B為該移動電極32底端321與該熔融爐渣6液面接觸的瞬間(見圖3)，此時該點B所顯示該移動電極32底端321與該坩鍋單元1底端13間的距離(20.28 mm)即為進行發泡前之熔融爐渣的液面高度(即該第一高度)。In order to explain this step (c) in more detail, the following description is further based on the line ABC of FIG. 5: the line ABC of FIG. 5 is the molten slag of the first sample, and the moving electrode 32 is outwardly directed from the molten slag 6 before foaming. When the molten slag 6 is moved at the liquid level, the distance between the bottom end 321 of the moving electrode 32 and the bottom end 13 of the crucible unit 1 (vertical axis) and the voltage detected by the foaming device 33 (horizontal axis) relationship. The point A in the line ABC is the voltage detected by the moving electrode 32 outside the molten slag 6. At this time, the distance between the bottom end 321 of the moving electrode 32 and the bottom end 13 of the crucible unit 1 is the starting distance. (60 mm), the detected voltage is also the smallest (1000 mV); as the moving electrode 32 moves downward in the nitrogen atmosphere outside the molten slag 6, toward the liquid level of the molten slag 6 (i.e., the moving electrode 32) When the distance between the bottom end 321 and the bottom end 13 of the crucible unit 1 is gradually shortened, the voltage gradually rises from 1000 mV to 2000 mV; and when the voltage rises to 2000 mV (ie, point B in the line ABC), the voltage will Suddenly swells to 5000 mV (ie, point C in line ABC), indicating that point B is the moment at which the bottom end 321 of the moving electrode 32 is in liquid contact with the molten slag 6 (see Fig. 3), at which point B The distance (20.28 mm) between the bottom end 321 of the moving electrode 32 and the bottom end 13 of the crucible unit 1 is shown as the liquid level (i.e., the first height) of the molten slag before foaming.
步驟 (d)- 重新設置移動電極：重新調整該高週波熔解爐至表1的預設溫度，再使該熔融爐渣6進行發泡而產生氣泡，並使該移動電極32底端321與該氣泡液面間隔一距離。需說明的是，本實施例是利用該通氣單元4通入惰性氣體(氮氣)至該熔融爐渣6中，以使該熔融爐渣6進行發泡而產生氣泡，該惰性氣體的流速設定為62.1 mL/min。 Step (d) - resetting the moving electrode: re-adjusting the high-frequency melting furnace to the preset temperature of Table 1, and then causing the molten slag 6 to foam to generate bubbles, and the bottom end 321 of the moving electrode 32 and the bubble The liquid level is separated by a distance. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the inert gas (nitrogen) is introduced into the molten slag 6 by the venting unit 4, so that the molten slag 6 is foamed to generate bubbles, and the flow rate of the inert gas is set to 62.1 mL. /min.
步驟 (e)- 第一次量測第二高度 ( 熔融爐渣進行發泡後所產生氣泡的液面高度 ) ：先依據所量測的樣品調整該高週波熔解爐功率，讓熔融爐渣6的溫度升高至該表1中所示的預設量測溫度，接著使該移動電極32底端321往該氣泡液面移動，同時觀察該發泡儀33所即時偵測到的電壓，於該電壓驟升時，該移動電極32底端321與該坩鍋單元1底端13間之距離即為第二高度。 Step (e) - measuring the second height for the first time ( the liquid level of the bubble generated after the molten slag is foamed ) : first adjusting the power of the high-frequency melting furnace according to the measured sample, and letting the temperature of the molten slag 6 Raising to the preset measurement temperature shown in Table 1, and then moving the bottom end 321 of the moving electrode 32 toward the liquid level of the bubble while observing the voltage detected by the foaming device 33 at the voltage. When swelled, the distance between the bottom end 321 of the moving electrode 32 and the bottom end 13 of the crucible unit 1 is the second height.
為了更詳細解釋本步驟(e)，以下依據圖5的線D-E-F進一步說明：該圖5的線D-E-F為該第一樣品之熔融爐渣經發泡後，該移動電極32自該熔融爐渣6外向該熔融爐渣6液面移動時，該移動電極32底端321與該坩鍋單元1底端13之距離(縱軸)及該發泡儀33所即時偵測到的電壓(橫軸)之變化關係。該線D-E-F中的點D為該移動電極32位於該熔融爐渣6外所偵測到的電壓，此時，該移動電極32底端321與該坩鍋單元1底端13的距離為起始距離(60 mm)，所偵測到的電壓最小(1500 mV)；隨著該移動電極32於該熔融爐渣6外的氮氣環境中往下朝該熔融爐渣6液面移動(即該移動電極32底端321與該坩鍋單元1底端13的距離逐漸縮短)時，電壓會由1500 mV逐漸上升至3000 mV；而當電壓上升至3000 mV (即線D-E-F中的點E)時，電壓會突然驟升至5000 mV (即線D-E-F中的點F)，表示該點E為該移動電極32底端321與該熔融爐渣6進行發泡後所產生氣泡之液面接觸的瞬間(見圖4)，此時該點E所顯示該移動電極32底端321與該坩鍋單元1底端13間的距離(36.33 mm)即為熔融爐渣6進行發泡後所產生氣泡的液面高度(即該第二高度)。In order to explain this step (e) in more detail, the following is further explained based on the line DEF of FIG. 5: the line DEF of FIG. 5 is the outer direction of the molten slag 6 after the molten slag of the first sample is foamed. When the molten slag 6 is moved at the liquid level, the distance between the bottom end 321 of the moving electrode 32 and the bottom end 13 of the crucible unit 1 (vertical axis) and the voltage detected by the foaming device 33 (horizontal axis) relationship. The point D in the line DEF is the voltage detected by the moving electrode 32 outside the molten slag 6. At this time, the distance between the bottom end 321 of the moving electrode 32 and the bottom end 13 of the crucible unit 1 is the starting distance. (60 mm), the detected voltage is the smallest (1500 mV); as the moving electrode 32 moves downward in the nitrogen atmosphere outside the molten slag 6, toward the liquid level of the molten slag 6 (i.e., the bottom of the moving electrode 32) When the distance between the end 321 and the bottom end 13 of the crucible unit 1 is gradually shortened, the voltage gradually rises from 1500 mV to 3000 mV; and when the voltage rises to 3000 mV (ie, point E in the line DEF), the voltage suddenly The sudden rise to 5000 mV (ie, point F in the line DEF) indicates that the point E is the moment at which the bottom end 321 of the moving electrode 32 contacts the liquid surface of the bubble generated by the molten slag 6 (see Fig. 4). At this point, the distance (33.33 mm) between the bottom end 321 of the moving electrode 32 and the bottom end 13 of the crucible unit 1 is the liquid level of the bubble generated after the molten slag 6 is foamed (ie, Second height).
補充說明的是，由於熔融爐渣的電壓值通常會高於5000 mV，因此，在前述步驟(c)與本步驟(e)中，將最高的電壓值設定為5000 mV，於觀察上只要電壓驟升至5000 mV即可確定該移動電極32的底端321是與熔融爐渣6液面或氣泡液面接觸。In addition, since the voltage value of the molten slag is usually higher than 5000 mV, in the foregoing step (c) and in the step (e), the highest voltage value is set to 5000 mV, as long as the voltage is observed. When it is raised to 5000 mV, it is confirmed that the bottom end 321 of the moving electrode 32 is in contact with the liquid surface of the molten slag 6 or the liquid surface of the bubble.
步驟 (f)- 計算熔融爐渣的發泡高度 ( 第一次量測 )：根據該步驟(c)所得到的第一高度、該步驟(e)所得到的第二高度與下列公式(I)即可計算出該熔融爐渣6的發泡高度。 公式(I)：發泡高度(mm)=第二高度(mm)−第一高度(mm)。 Step (f) - Calculating the foaming height of the molten slag ( first measurement ) : the first height obtained according to the step (c), the second height obtained in the step (e), and the following formula (I) The foaming height of the molten slag 6 can be calculated. Formula (I): Foam height (mm) = second height (mm) - first height (mm).
步驟 (g)- 重新設置該移動電極：操作步驟與前述步驟(d)相同。 Step (g) - resetting the moving electrode: the operation steps are the same as the aforementioned step (d).
步驟 (h)- 第二次量測第二高度 ( 熔融爐渣進行發泡後所產生氣泡的液面高度 ) ：操作步驟與前述步驟(e)相同。 Step (h) - second measurement of the second height ( level of the bubble generated after the molten slag is foamed ) : The operation procedure is the same as the aforementioned step (e).
步驟 (i)- 計算熔融爐渣的發泡高度 ( 第二次量測 )：操作步驟與前述步驟(f)相同。 Step (i) - Calculating the foaming height of the molten slag ( second measurement ) : The operation steps are the same as the aforementioned step (f).
圖5(第一樣品)、圖6(第二樣品)與圖7(第三樣品)分別顯示該第一至第三樣品之熔融爐渣在該步驟(c)、該步驟(e)與該步驟(h)中，當該移動電極32自該熔融爐渣6外向該熔融爐渣6液面移動時，該移動電極32底端321與該坩鍋單元1底端13之距離(縱軸)及該發泡儀33所即時偵測到的電壓(橫軸)之變化關係；而該第一至第三樣品之熔融爐渣於第一次量測所計算出之發泡高度[步驟(f)]與於第二次量測所計算出之發泡高度[步驟(i)]的平均值(平均發泡高度)整理於下表2中。 表2 第一樣品第二樣品第三樣品平均發泡高度(mm) 14.93 12.35 15.34 5 (first sample), FIG. 6 (second sample) and FIG. 7 (third sample) respectively show the molten slag of the first to third samples in the step (c), the step (e) and the In the step (h), when the moving electrode 32 moves from the outside of the molten slag 6 to the liquid surface of the molten slag 6, the distance between the bottom end 321 of the moving electrode 32 and the bottom end 13 of the crucible unit 1 (vertical axis) and The relationship between the voltage detected by the foaming device 33 (horizontal axis) and the foaming height of the first to third samples of the molten slag calculated in the first measurement [step (f)] The average value (average foaming height) of the foaming height [step (i)] calculated in the second measurement was summarized in Table 2 below. Table 2 First sample second sample third sample average foaming height (mm) 14.93 12.35 15.34
由表2所得結果可知，不論熔融爐渣的組成為何，利用本發明爐渣發泡量測裝置皆可精準量測其發泡高度，且量測過程中無需針對不同組成的熔融爐渣重新製作檢量線。From the results obtained in Table 2, it is known that the foaming height of the slag foaming measuring device of the present invention can accurately measure the foaming height regardless of the composition of the molten slag, and it is not necessary to reproduce the calibration curve for the molten slag of different compositions in the measurement process. .
綜上所述，由於本發明爐渣發泡量測裝置的兩支電極設計為一支電極(固定電極)底端固定並浸置在該熔融爐渣中，而另一支電極(移動電極)底端能於該熔融爐渣的內外上下移動，與現有爐渣發泡量測裝置的兩支電極皆設計為固定不動不同，因而以本發明裝置量測熔融爐渣之發泡高度時，無需製作檢量線且也不會發生部份電極被液體覆蓋及部份電極被氣體覆蓋所導致量測精準度下降的問題，如此也解決以現有裝置於量測熔融爐渣之發泡高度時，需針對不同組成的爐渣重新製作檢量線及量測精準度會下降的缺點，故確實能達成本發明的目的。In summary, the two electrodes of the slag foaming measuring device of the present invention are designed such that one electrode (fixed electrode) is fixed at the bottom end and immersed in the molten slag, and the other electrode (moving electrode) is at the bottom end. The inside and the outside of the molten slag can be moved up and down, and the two electrodes of the existing slag foaming measuring device are designed to be fixed and fixed. Therefore, when the foaming height of the molten slag is measured by the device of the present invention, it is not necessary to make a calibration line and There is also no problem that the measurement accuracy is lowered when some of the electrodes are covered by the liquid and some of the electrodes are covered by the gas, so that the slag of different compositions is required to measure the foaming height of the molten slag by the existing device. The drawback of re-making the calibration curve and measuring accuracy is reduced, so the object of the present invention can be achieved.
惟以上所述者，僅為本發明的實施例而已，當不能以此限定本發明實施的範圍，凡是依本發明申請專利範圍及專利說明書內容所作的簡單的等效變化與修飾，皆仍屬本發明專利涵蓋的範圍內。However, the above is only the embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, and all the simple equivalent changes and modifications according to the scope of the patent application and the patent specification of the present invention are still Within the scope of the invention patent.
1‧‧‧坩鍋單元1‧‧‧坩 pot unit
4‧‧‧通氣單元4‧‧‧Ventilation unit
11‧‧‧內坩鍋11‧‧‧ inner pot
5‧‧‧熱電偶單元5‧‧‧Thermocouple unit
12‧‧‧外坩鍋12‧‧‧ outer pot
51、52‧‧‧熱電偶51, 52‧‧‧ thermocouple
13、311、321‧‧‧底端13, 311, 321‧‧‧ bottom
511、512‧‧‧檢測端511, 512‧‧ ‧ detection end
2‧‧‧外罩2‧‧‧ Cover
6‧‧‧熔融爐渣6‧‧‧Fusing slag
3‧‧‧電壓檢測單元3‧‧‧Voltage detection unit
31‧‧‧固定電極31‧‧‧Fixed electrode
32‧‧‧移動電極32‧‧‧Mobile electrodes
312、322‧‧‧頂端312, 322‧‧‧ top
33‧‧‧發泡儀33‧‧‧Foaming machine
34‧‧‧檢流計34‧‧‧ galvanometer
35‧‧‧連接器35‧‧‧Connector
本發明的其他的特徵及功效，將於參照圖式的實施方式中清楚地呈現，其中： 圖1是一立體示意圖，說明本發明爐渣發泡量測裝置的一第一實施例； 圖2是一沿該圖1之線II-II方向進行剖面後得到的剖面示意圖，說明本發明爐渣發泡量測裝置的該第一實施例； 圖3是一側視剖面示意圖，說明一移動電極底端與熔融爐渣液面接觸的瞬間； 圖4是一側視剖面示意圖，說明該移動電極底端與該熔融爐渣進行發泡後所產生氣泡之液面接觸的瞬間；及 圖5至7分別是一曲線圖，分別說明該第一樣品(圖5)、該第二樣品(圖6)與該第三樣品(圖7)之熔融爐渣在該步驟(c)、該步驟(e)與該步驟(h)中，當該移動電極移動時，該移動電極底端與一坩鍋單元底端之距離(縱軸)，以及一發泡儀所即時偵測到的電壓(橫軸)之變化關係。Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the embodiments of the present invention, wherein: Figure 1 is a perspective view showing a first embodiment of the slag foaming measuring device of the present invention; A cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II of FIG. 1 to illustrate the first embodiment of the slag foaming measuring device of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view showing the bottom end of a moving electrode FIG. 4 is a side cross-sectional view showing the instant of contact between the bottom end of the moving electrode and the liquid surface of the bubble generated by the molten slag after foaming; and FIGS. 5 to 7 are respectively a graph illustrating the molten slag of the first sample (Fig. 5), the second sample (Fig. 6) and the third sample (Fig. 7) in the step (c), the step (e) and the step, respectively (h), when the moving electrode moves, the distance between the bottom end of the moving electrode and the bottom end of a crucible unit (vertical axis), and the voltage detected by a foaming device (horizontal axis) .
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103047860A (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-04-17 | 重庆四联光电科技有限公司 | Double-crucible induction heating furnace |
| CN104596316A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-05-06 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Electric furnace power control method suitable for foaming slag furnace condition |
| CN104931556A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-09-23 | 重庆大学 | Test device and method monitoring slag foaming level in real time through current |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103047860A (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-04-17 | 重庆四联光电科技有限公司 | Double-crucible induction heating furnace |
| CN104596316A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-05-06 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Electric furnace power control method suitable for foaming slag furnace condition |
| CN104931556A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-09-23 | 重庆大学 | Test device and method monitoring slag foaming level in real time through current |
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