TWI662238B - Heat exchange system - Google Patents

Abstract

提案一種熱交換效率高且能節省施工的勞力、成本之熱交換系統。 A heat exchange system with high heat exchange efficiency and saving labor and cost of construction is proposed.

該熱交換系統具備配管系(La、9)及將該配管系浸泡於水中的蓄水設備(150、GH)，前述配管系(La)建構成：具有在內部流通熱媒以與蓄水設備中的水作熱交換的機能，前述熱媒係二氧化碳，以二氧化碳的氣化熱與蓄水設備內的水進行熱交換，而為了以二氧化碳的氣化熱與蓄水設備內的水進行熱交換，在前述配管系中的從蓄水設備露出的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度被設定成5℃~40℃。 This heat exchange system is provided with a piping system (La, 9) and a water storage device (150, GH) which immerses the piping system in water. The piping system (La) is configured to have a heat medium flowing inside to communicate with the water storage device. In the function of water as heat exchange, the above-mentioned heat medium is carbon dioxide, which uses the heat of vaporization of carbon dioxide to exchange heat with water in the water storage equipment, and in order to use the heat of vaporization of carbon dioxide to exchange heat with water in the water storage equipment. The temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing through the area exposed from the water storage device in the piping system is set to 5 ° C to 40 ° C.

Description

熱交換系統 Heat exchange system

本發明係有關一種從水中回收熱及/或對水中排出熱而利用於包含空調、熱水供給在內的熱負載之熱交換技術。 The present invention relates to a heat exchange technology that recovers heat from water and / or discharges heat to water and uses it in heat loads including air conditioning and hot water supply.

日本國內，地中的溫度一整年大約是15℃左右，日本國內的冬季氣溫是遠低於15℃的低溫，而夏季氣溫則是遠高於15℃的高溫。 In Japan, the temperature in the ground is about 15 ° C throughout the year. In Japan, the winter temperature is much lower than 15 ° C, and the summer temperature is much higher than 15 ° C.

由此，想到將這樣的溫度差有效地利用於例如包含空調、熱水供給在內的熱負載。 From this, it is thought that such a temperature difference is effectively used for a heat load including an air conditioner and hot water supply, for example.

為此，發明者針對回收地熱並加以利用的技術一再地研究。 For this reason, the inventors have repeatedly studied technologies for recovering and utilizing geothermal energy.

在習知技術中，地熱的回收(或朝地中排熱)係使埋設在地中的配管中流通公知的液相熱媒(鹵水；brine)，以該液相熱媒和地熱進行熱交換(所謂的「顯熱-顯熱熱交換」)。 In the conventional technology, the recovery (or heat removal to the ground) of geothermal is to circulate a well-known liquid-phase heat medium (brine) in a pipe buried in the ground, and perform heat exchange with the liquid-phase heat medium and geothermal (The so-called "sensible heat-sensible heat exchange").

然而為確保熱媒與地熱進行熱交換所需的面積，會造成供冷媒流通的配管直徑變大。 However, in order to ensure the area required for heat exchange between the heat medium and the geothermal heat, the diameter of the piping through which the refrigerant flows is increased.

又，為了回收例如空調機器可適切地作動之程度的熱量，必需將非常長的配管埋設到地中較深的區域。 In addition, in order to recover heat to such an extent that the air-conditioning equipment can be operated appropriately, it is necessary to bury a very long pipe in a deep area in the ground.

而且，為了將大徑的配管埋設到地中較深的區域，存在有所謂需要很大成本的問題。 In addition, in order to bury a large-diameter pipe in a deep area in the ground, there is a problem that it requires a large cost.

在其他的習知技術方面，例如亦提案一種利用地下水作為熱媒體並在地下蓄熱的技術(參照專利文獻1)。 For other conventional technologies, for example, a technology that uses groundwater as a heat medium and stores heat in the ground has been proposed (see Patent Document 1).

然而，在這樣的習知技術(專利文獻1)中，有必要掘設豎坑井，且蓄熱量一變多就需增加豎坑的深度，因而無法解決上述問題點。 However, in such a conventional technique (Patent Document 1), it is necessary to dig a vertical pit, and the depth of the vertical pit needs to be increased as the amount of stored heat increases, so the above-mentioned problems cannot be solved.

先行技術文獻Advance technical literature 專利文獻Patent literature

專利文獻1 日本專利特開2010-38507號公報 Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-38507

本發明係有鑒於上述習知技術的問題點而提案者，目的在於提案一種熱交換效率高，且能節省施工所需的勞力、成本的熱交換系統。 The present invention was proposed by the present invention in view of the problems of the conventional technology, and the object is to propose a heat exchange system that has high heat exchange efficiency and can save labor and cost required for construction.

發明者經各種研究結果發現，在使用二氧化碳(CO₂)作為熱媒(或冷媒)時，比起利用地熱，以在暖房運轉時從水中將熱回收至熱媒，而在冷房運轉時將熱媒的熱排出至水中者較能提升熱交換效率。此外，發現屬熱媒(或冷媒)的二氧化碳(CO₂)的溫度是5℃~40℃時，熱交換效率變得極高。 The inventors have found through various research results that, when carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) is used as a heat medium (or refrigerant), compared to using geothermal heat, the heat is recovered from the water to the heat medium during the operation of the greenhouse, and the heat is used during the operation of the cold room. The heat of the medium discharged to the water can improve the heat exchange efficiency. In addition, it was found that when the temperature of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), which is a heat medium (or a refrigerant), is 5 ° C to 40 ° C, the heat exchange efficiency becomes extremely high.

本發明係基於這樣的知識見解而提案者。 The present invention was proposed based on such knowledge.

依據本發明的熱交換系統，具備：蓄水設備(150、GH)；及配管系(La)，浸泡在該蓄水設備(150、GH)的水中且具有和該蓄水設備(150、GH)中的水進行熱交換的機能，且具備：具有室外機(1)、室內機(2)、空調機(3)、空壓機(4)及四通閥(V4)的壓縮式空調機，前述配管系(La)連接於前述室外機(1)，其中在前述配管系(La)的內部流通的熱媒為二氧化碳，利用前述二氧化碳的氣化熱或凝結熱與前述蓄水設備(150、GH)內的水進行熱交換，為了利用前述二氧化碳的氣化熱或凝結熱與蓄水設備(150、GH)內的水進行熱交換，建構成在前述配管系(La)中的露出於蓄水設備(150、GH)的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度被設定成5℃~40℃，前述配管系(La)係為由雙層管(9)構成，其內管(91)流通液相的二氧化碳，其外管(92)流通氣相的二氧化碳之構成，前述內管(91)與外管(92)經由泵(5)而連接，前述泵(5)的吐出口(5o)側設有第1開閉閥(V1)、前述泵(5)的吸入口(5i)側設有第2開閉閥(V2)、在前述第1及第2開閉閥(V1、V2)的室外機(1)側設有支流管線(La5)。 A heat exchange system according to the present invention includes: a water storage device (150, GH); and a piping system (La), which is immersed in the water of the water storage device (150, GH) and has a water storage device (150, GH) The heat exchange function of water in) is provided, and it includes: a compression type air conditioner with outdoor unit (1), indoor unit (2), air conditioner (3), air compressor (4), and four-way valve (V4) The piping system (La) is connected to the outdoor unit (1), wherein the heat medium circulating inside the piping system (La) is carbon dioxide, and the heat of vaporization or condensation of the carbon dioxide is used with the water storage device (150). , GH) for heat exchange. In order to use the carbon dioxide vaporization heat or condensation heat for heat exchange with the water in the water storage equipment (150, GH), it is constructed to be exposed in the piping system (La). The temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing in the area of the water storage equipment (150, GH) is set to 5 ° C to 40 ° C. The piping system (La) is composed of a double-layer pipe (9), and the inner pipe (91) circulates liquid phase Carbon dioxide, whose outer tube (92) circulates carbon dioxide in the gas phase. The inner tube (91) and the outer tube (92) are connected via a pump (5). A first on-off valve (V1) is provided on the port (5o) side, a second on-off valve (V2) is provided on the suction port (5i) side of the pump (5), and the first and second on-off valves (V1, V2) are provided A tributary pipeline (La5) is provided on the outdoor unit (1) side of).

依據本發明的熱交換系統，具備：蓄水設備(150、GH)；及配管系(La)，其浸泡在該蓄水設備(150、GH)的水中而具有和該蓄水設備(150、GH)中的水進行熱交換之機能，且具備：具有室外機(1)、室內機(2)、空調機(3)、空壓機(4)及四通閥(V4)的壓縮式空調機，前述配管系(La)連接於前述室外機(1)，其中在前述配管系(La)的內部流通的熱媒為二氧化碳，利用前述二氧化碳 的氣化熱或凝結熱與前述蓄水設備(150、GH)內的水進行熱交換，為了利用前述二氧化碳的氣化熱或凝結熱與蓄水設備(150、GH)內的水進行熱交換，建構成在前述配管系(La)中的露出於蓄水設備(150、GH)的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度設成5℃~40℃，前述配管系(La)係為由雙層管(9)構成，其內管(91)流通液相的二氧化碳，其外管(92)流通氣相的二氧化碳之構成，前述內管(91)與外管(92)經由泵(5)連接，前述泵(5)的吐出口(5o)側經由介設有第1開閉閥(Vb3)的管線(93)連接於內管(91)，前述泵(5)的吸入口(5i)側經由介設有第2開閉閥(Vb1)的管線(94)連接於外管(92)，前述內管(91)的下端經由第3開閉閥(Vb2)和前述外管(92)連通，且具備切換冷房/暖房之控制單元(50)，該控制單元係具有於暖房時關閉第1及第2開閉閥(Vb3、Vb1)，開啟第3開閉閥(Vb2)，且於冷房時開啟第1及第2開閉閥(Vb3、Vb1)，關閉第3開閉閥(Vb2)，俾使泵(5)作動的機能。 The heat exchange system according to the present invention includes: a water storage device (150, GH); and a piping system (La), which is immersed in the water of the water storage device (150, GH) and has the same water storage device (150, GH) function for heat exchange of water, and has: a compression type air conditioner with an outdoor unit (1), an indoor unit (2), an air conditioner (3), an air compressor (4), and a four-way valve (V4) The piping system (La) is connected to the outdoor unit (1), and the heat medium circulating inside the piping system (La) is carbon dioxide, and the carbon dioxide is used. The heat of vaporization or condensation heat is exchanged with the water in the water storage equipment (150, GH), in order to use the heat of vaporization or condensation of carbon dioxide with the water in the water storage equipment (150, GH). The temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing in the area exposed to the water storage equipment (150, GH) in the piping system (La) is set to 5 ° C to 40 ° C. The piping system (La) is a double-layer pipe ( 9) a structure in which an inner tube (91) circulates carbon dioxide in a liquid phase and an outer tube (92) circulates carbon dioxide in a gas phase; the inner tube (91) and the outer tube (92) are connected via a pump (5); The discharge port (5o) side of the pump (5) is connected to the inner pipe (91) through a line (93) interposing a first on-off valve (Vb3), and the suction port (5i) side of the pump (5) is connected via an intermediary The pipeline (94) with the second on-off valve (Vb1) is connected to the outer pipe (92), and the lower end of the inner pipe (91) is connected to the outer pipe (92) through the third on-off valve (Vb2), and it has a switching cold room / The control unit (50) of the greenhouse, which has the first and second on-off valves (Vb3, Vb1) closed during the heating, the third on-off valve (Vb2) is opened, and the first and second on-off valves are opened in the cold room On-off valve (Vb3, Vb1), close the first 3 The function of opening and closing the valve (Vb2) to make the pump (5) operate.

較佳為，在前述配管系(La)介設有放洩閥(Va)與二氧化碳供給量調節閥(Vc)，具有控制單元(50A)，該控制單元(50A)具有：從放洩閥(Va)及二氧化碳供給量調節閥(Vc)的閥開度求出二氧化碳循環量之機能；將該二氧化碳循環量和規定量作比較以判斷是否適當之機能；若該二氧化碳循環量適當，則維持放洩閥(Va)及二氧化碳供給量調節閥(Vc)的閥開度，在前述二氧化碳循環量過多的情況，增加放洩閥(Va)的閥開度及/或減少二氧化碳供給量調節閥(Vc)的閥開度，在前述二氧化碳循環量過少 的情況，減少放洩閥(Va)的閥開度及/或增加二氧化碳供給量調節閥(Vc)的閥開度。 Preferably, a bleed valve (Va) and a carbon dioxide supply amount regulating valve (Vc) are interposed in the piping system (La), and a control unit (50A) is provided. The control unit (50A) includes: a discharge valve ( Va) and the opening degree of the carbon dioxide supply amount regulating valve (Vc) to determine the function of the carbon dioxide circulation amount; compare the carbon dioxide circulation amount with a predetermined amount to determine whether the function is appropriate; if the carbon dioxide circulation amount is appropriate, maintain the release The valve opening degree of the relief valve (Va) and the carbon dioxide supply amount regulating valve (Vc), in the case of the aforementioned excessive carbon dioxide circulation amount, increase the valve opening degree of the relief valve (Va) and / or reduce the carbon dioxide supply amount regulating valve (Vc) ) The valve opening degree is too small in the aforementioned amount of carbon dioxide circulation In some cases, reduce the valve opening degree of the relief valve (Va) and / or increase the valve opening degree of the carbon dioxide supply amount regulating valve (Vc).

本發明中，在進行冷房運轉的情況，以在配管系(La)的要朝蓄水設備(150、GH)進入的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度(在圖26(A)、圖28中標繪「O」所示之溫度：圖4中以溫度感測器7計測的溫度)與蓄水設備(150、GH)內的水溫(圖26(A)、圖28中以虛線的特性曲線表示的溫度：圖4中以溫度感測器TW1計測的溫度)之溫度差在60℃以下者較佳。 In the present invention, when the cold room operation is performed, the temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing in the area of the piping system (La) to enter the water storage equipment (150, GH) (indicated in FIG. 26 (A) and FIG. 28, " The temperature indicated by "O": the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 7 in Fig. 4) and the water temperature in the water storage device (150, GH) (the characteristic curves indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 26 (A) and Fig. 28). Temperature: The temperature measured by the temperature sensor TW1 in Figure 4) is preferably less than 60 ° C.

或者，本發明中，在進行暖房運轉的情況，以蓄水設備(150、GH)內的水溫(圖27(A)中以虛線的特性曲線表示的溫度：圖3中以溫度感測器TW1計測的溫度)與在配管系(La)的要朝蓄水設備(150、GH)進入的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度(在圖27(A)中標繪「O」所示之溫度：圖3中以溫度感測器6計測的溫度)之溫度差在30℃以下者較佳。 Alternatively, in the present invention, in the case of a greenhouse operation, the temperature of the water in the water storage device (150, GH) (the temperature indicated by the dotted curve in FIG. 27 (A): the temperature sensor in FIG. 3 Temperature measured by TW1) and the temperature of carbon dioxide flowing in the area of the piping system (La) to enter the water storage equipment (150, GH) (the temperature indicated by "O" is plotted in Fig. 27 (A): Fig. 3 The temperature measured by the temperature sensor 6 is preferably lower than 30 ° C.

又本發明中，以前述配管系(La)係在複數個系統分歧者較佳。 In the present invention, it is preferable that the piping system (La) is diverged in a plurality of systems.

或者，前述配管系(La)係配置成螺旋形者較佳。 Alternatively, the piping system (La) is preferably arranged in a spiral shape.

當實施本發明時，作為前述蓄水設備，可利用所謂的水槽(150)或蓄水池(GH)來構成。 When the present invention is implemented, as the water storage device, a so-called water tank (150) or a water storage tank (GH) can be used.

又，亦可利用具有能浸泡供熱媒流通的配管系(La、9)之程度的水深之暗渠或溝(或明渠)來構成前述蓄水設備。 In addition, the above-mentioned water storage device may be constituted by a ditch or trench (or open channel) having a water depth to the extent that the piping system (La, 9) capable of soaking the heating medium can flow.

依據具備上述構成之本發明，使用二氧化碳作為熱媒，將二氧化碳的氣化熱(或凝結熱)和蓄水設備(水槽150、蓄水池GH)內的水所保有之顯熱進行熱交換。亦即，當回收蓄水設備(水槽150、蓄水池GH)內的水所保有之熱量時，在液相的二氧化碳是由前述水回收氣化熱且將熱朝蓄水設備內的水排出的情況，氣相的二氧化碳對蓄水設備內的水中(G)排出凝結熱並凝結。 According to the present invention having the above configuration, carbon dioxide is used as a heat medium, and heat of vaporization (or condensation) of carbon dioxide and sensible heat held by water in a water storage device (water tank 150, water storage tank GH) is exchanged. That is, when recovering the heat held by the water in the water storage device (the water tank 150, the water storage tank GH), the carbon dioxide in the liquid phase is recovered by the aforementioned water to vaporize the heat and discharge the heat toward the water in the water storage device. In the case of carbon dioxide in the gas phase, the heat of condensation in the water (G) in the water storage device is condensed.

換言之，以二氧化碳構成之熱媒的潛熱與蓄水設備內的水的顯熱係進行所謂的「潛熱-顯熱熱交換」。 In other words, the latent heat of a heat medium composed of carbon dioxide and the sensible heat system of water in a water storage device perform a so-called "latent heat-sensible heat exchange".

在此，「潛熱-顯熱熱交換」與以往所謂的「顯熱-顯熱熱交換」相較之下，由於每單位量的熱媒可回收或排出大量的熱，故熱交換效率大幅地提升。 Here, compared with the so-called "sensible heat-sensible heat exchange" in the past, "latent heat-sensible heat exchange", because a large amount of heat can be recovered or discharged per unit of heat medium, the heat exchange efficiency is greatly Promotion.

又，依據本發明，在露出於蓄水設備(150)的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度被設定成5℃~40℃，設定成就算是將二氧化碳壓縮使壓力上昇，二氧化碳亦不會液化的溫度、即臨界點(31.1℃)附近的溫度。如同後述，依據發明者的實驗，若在露出於蓄水設備(水槽150、蓄水池GH)的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度是臨界點(31.1℃)附近，則二氧化碳與水的熱交換效率會提升。 In addition, according to the present invention, the temperature of carbon dioxide flowing in the area exposed to the water storage device (150) is set to 5 ° C to 40 ° C. The setting is a temperature at which the carbon dioxide is compressed to increase the pressure and the carbon dioxide does not liquefy. Temperature near the critical point (31.1 ° C). As described later, according to the inventor's experiments, if the temperature of carbon dioxide flowing in the area exposed to the water storage equipment (water tank 150, reservoir GH) is near the critical point (31.1 ° C), the heat exchange efficiency of carbon dioxide and water will be Promotion.

此處，在露出於蓄水設備的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度過於高溫的情況(比40℃還高溫的情況)會導致冷房時的熱交換效率降低之情形，可由後述之發明者的實驗清楚瞭解。 Here, when the temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing in the area exposed to the water storage equipment is too high (case higher than 40 ° C), the heat exchange efficiency in the cold room may be reduced, which can be clearly understood by experiments by the inventors described later. .

另一方面，在露出於蓄水設備的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度過於低溫的情況(比5℃還低溫的情況)，前述配管系(La、9)內的熱媒之壓力成為低壓，可能不適合於讓熱媒(二氧化碳)自然循環的情況。 On the other hand, when the temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing in the area exposed to the water storage device is too low (when it is lower than 5 ° C), the pressure of the heat medium in the piping system (La, 9) becomes a low pressure, which may not be suitable. In the case of natural circulation of heat medium (carbon dioxide).

除此之外，本發明中是使用二氧化碳作為熱媒(冷媒)，而二氧化碳相較於習知技術所用的鹵水，熱容量係較大。 In addition, in the present invention, carbon dioxide is used as a heat medium (refrigerant), and carbon dioxide has a larger heat capacity than brine used in the conventional technology.

因此，依據本發明，熱媒能從蓄水設備內的水有效率地回收熱量，或有效率地排出，故能將供熱媒流通的配管系(La、9)作成短且細。又可大幅地削減設置供熱媒流通的配管(La、9)所需的勞力及成本。 Therefore, according to the present invention, the heat medium can efficiently recover heat from the water in the water storage device or efficiently discharge the heat medium, so that the piping systems (La, 9) for the heat medium can be made short and thin. In addition, the labor and cost required to install the pipes (La, 9) for circulating the heat medium can be significantly reduced.

此處，在將鹵水作為熱媒使用且以熱媒和地熱進行熱交換之習知技術的情況，必需將供鹵水流通的地中配管沿著基礎樁設置，或在基礎樁之中配置該地中配管，當基礎樁施工時，會引發額外的成本。 Here, in the case of the conventional technology that uses brine as a heat medium and performs heat exchange with the heat medium and geothermal heat, it is necessary to install a pipeline in the ground where the brine circulates along the foundation pile, or arrange the ground in the foundation pile. Medium piping may cause additional costs when foundation piles are being constructed.

又，未將供鹵水流通的地中配管配置地樁附近之情況，必需挖掘埋設該地中配管用的井，因此衍生所需之成本。 In addition, in the case where the piping in the ground where the brine flows is not arranged near the ground pile, it is necessary to dig a well for burying the piping in the ground, so the cost required is incurred.

相對於此，本發明中，無需在地中(G)埋設配管系(La、9)，且能將該配管系(La、9)作成短且細，故能大幅地削減習知技術中伴隨配管系之埋設所衍生的勞力及成本。 In contrast, in the present invention, since the piping system (La, 9) need not be buried in the ground (G), and the piping system (La, 9) can be made short and thin, it is possible to drastically reduce the accompanying technology in the conventional technology. The labor and costs incurred by the piping system.

再者，於本發明中，在供熱媒流通的配管系(La)是以雙層管(9)構成的情況，例如在回收蓄水設備內的水所保有之熱量的情況(暖房運轉)，從熱交換器(例如 ，室外機1)送來的液相的二氧化碳在雙層管(9)的內管(91)降下。在此，液相的二氧化碳的比重比氣相的二氧化碳的比重大，所以液相的二氧化碳會因為其質量而朝下方落下。 Furthermore, in the present invention, when the piping system (La) for circulating the heating medium is constituted by a double-layer pipe (9), for example, when recovering the heat retained by the water in the water storage device (warm house operation) From the heat exchanger (e.g. The carbon dioxide in the liquid phase sent from the outdoor unit 1) is lowered in the inner pipe (91) of the double pipe (9). Here, the specific gravity of the carbon dioxide in the liquid phase is larger than that of the carbon dioxide in the gas phase, so the carbon dioxide in the liquid phase falls downward due to its mass.

另一方面，當液相的二氧化碳自蓄水設備內的水回收氣化熱並氣化時，氣相的二氧化碳的比重係比液相的二氧化碳的比重小，而朝向熱交換器(例如，室外機1)地在雙層管(9)的外管(92)上昇。 On the other hand, when the carbon dioxide in the liquid phase recovers the heat of vaporization from the water in the water storage device and gasifies, the specific gravity of the carbon dioxide in the gas phase is smaller than the specific gravity of the carbon dioxide in the liquid phase, and faces the heat exchanger (for example, outdoor The machine 1) is raised on the outer pipe (92) of the double pipe (9).

因此，即便未設置外部動力，液相的二氧化碳和氣相的二氧化碳仍會流過雙層管內。 Therefore, even if no external power is provided, carbon dioxide in the liquid phase and carbon dioxide in the gas phase will still flow through the double tube.

本發明中，若將蓄水設備內的配管系(9D)設置在複數個系統，則能效率地回收蓄水設備內的水所保有之熱量，將熱對蓄水設備內的水排出。 In the present invention, if the piping system (9D) in the water storage device is provided in a plurality of systems, the heat retained by the water in the water storage device can be efficiently recovered, and the heat can be discharged to the water in the water storage device.

在此，若將蓄水設備內的配管系配置成螺旋形(9E、9F)，則因圓周方向長度是直徑的3倍，所以挖掘深度只需是習知技術的1/3左右即可。 Here, if the piping system in the water storage device is arranged in a spiral shape (9E, 9F), since the length in the circumferential direction is three times the diameter, the digging depth only needs to be about 1/3 of the conventional technology.

本發明中，在進行冷房運轉的情況，若在配管系(La、9)的要朝蓄水設備(150、GH)進入的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度(在圖26(A)、圖28中標繪「O」所示之溫度：圖4中以溫度感測器7計測的溫度)與蓄水設備(150、GH)內的水溫(圖26(A)、圖28中以虛線的特性曲線表示的溫度：圖4中以溫度感測器TW1計測的溫度)之溫度差設為60℃以下，則能在不使冷房效率降低之下進行冷房運轉。此乃係經由發明者的實驗確認。 In the present invention, in the case of a cold room operation, if the temperature of carbon dioxide flowing in the area of the piping system (La, 9) to enter the water storage equipment (150, GH) (indicated in FIG. 26 (A), FIG. 28) Draw the temperature indicated by "O": the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 7 in Fig. 4) and the water temperature in the water storage device (150, GH) (characteristic curves indicated by dashed lines in Fig. 26 (A) and Fig. 28) Shown temperature: The temperature difference between the temperature measured by the temperature sensor TW1 in FIG. 4 is set to 60 ° C. or lower, and the cold room operation can be performed without reducing the cold room efficiency. This was confirmed experimentally by the inventor.

或者，本發明中，在進行暖房運轉的情況，蓄水設備(150、GH)內的水溫(圖27(A)中以虛線的特性曲線表示的溫度：圖3中以溫度感測器TW1計測的溫度)與在配管系(La、9)的要朝蓄水設備(150、GH)進入的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度(在圖27(A)中標繪「O」所示之溫度：圖3中以溫度感測器6計測的溫度)之溫度差設為30℃以下，則能在不降低暖房效率之下進行暖房運轉。此亦經由發明者的實驗確認。 Alternatively, in the present invention, in the case of a greenhouse operation, the temperature of the water in the water storage device (150, GH) (the temperature indicated by the dotted curve in FIG. 27 (A): the temperature sensor TW1 in FIG. 3 Measured temperature) and the temperature of carbon dioxide flowing in the area of the piping system (La, 9) toward the water storage equipment (150, GH) (the temperature indicated by "O" is plotted in Fig. 27 (A): The temperature difference between the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 6 in 3) is set to 30 ° C or lower, and the greenhouse operation can be performed without reducing the greenhouse efficiency. This was also confirmed by experiments by the inventors.

1‧‧‧第1熱交換器/室外機 1‧‧‧1st heat exchanger / outdoor unit

1h、2h‧‧‧熱交換部 1h, 2h‧‧‧‧Heat Exchange Department

2‧‧‧第2熱交換器/室內機 2‧‧‧ 2nd heat exchanger / indoor unit

3‧‧‧空調機 3‧‧‧ air conditioner

4‧‧‧空壓機 4‧‧‧air compressor

4i、5i‧‧‧吸入口 4i, 5i‧‧‧ Suction port

4o、5o‧‧‧吐出口 4o, 5o

5‧‧‧泵 5‧‧‧ pump

6、7‧‧‧溫度感測器 6, 7‧‧‧ temperature sensor

8‧‧‧熱水器 8‧‧‧ water heater

9‧‧‧雙層管 9‧‧‧Double tube

10‧‧‧CO₂供給源 10‧‧‧CO ₂ supply source

11、12、13、14、21、22、23、24、31、32‧‧‧連接口 11, 12, 13, 14, 21, 22, 23, 24, 31, 32‧‧‧ connector

50‧‧‧控制單元 50‧‧‧control unit

94‧‧‧管線 94‧‧‧ pipeline

100‧‧‧空調系統(熱交換系統) 100‧‧‧Air-conditioning system (heat exchange system)

150‧‧‧水槽 150‧‧‧Sink

V1、V2‧‧‧開閉閥 V1, V2‧‧‧ On-off valve

V3‧‧‧減壓閥 V3‧‧‧ pressure reducing valve

V4‧‧‧四通閥 V4‧‧‧ Four-way valve

La‧‧‧配管系 La‧‧‧ Piping System

Lb‧‧‧第1熱媒管線 Lb‧‧‧The first heat medium pipeline

Lc‧‧‧第2熱媒管線 Lc‧‧‧The second heat medium pipeline

La1~La5、Lb1~Lb5、Lc1、Lc2‧‧‧管線 La1 ~ La5, Lb1 ~ Lb5, Lc1, Lc2‧‧‧ pipeline

Vp1、Vp2、Vp3、Vp4‧‧‧通口 Vp1, Vp2, Vp3, Vp4‧‧‧Ports

So‧‧‧控制信號線 So‧‧‧Control signal line

TW1‧‧‧溫度感測器(水溫感測器) TW1‧‧‧Temperature Sensor (Water Temperature Sensor)

B1、B2‧‧‧分歧點 B1, B2 ‧‧‧ divergences

圖1係表示本發明的第1實施形態之概要的方塊圖。 FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an outline of a first embodiment of the present invention.

圖2係表示第1實施形態中切換冷房/暖房之控制的流程圖。 Fig. 2 is a flowchart showing control of switching between a cold room and a warm room in the first embodiment.

圖3係表示圖1中進行暖房運轉的情況之熱媒的流動的圖。 FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the flow of a heat medium when the greenhouse operation is performed in FIG. 1.

圖4係表示圖1中進行冷房運轉的情況之熱媒的流動的圖。 FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a flow of a heat medium in a case where a cold room operation is performed in FIG. 1.

圖5係表示將配管作成雙層管的情況下的暖房運轉時的熱媒的流動之部分剖面圖。 FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a flow of a heat medium during a greenhouse operation when a pipe is made into a double pipe.

圖6係表示在將配管作成雙層管的情況，冷房運轉時熱媒的流動之部分剖面圖。 FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the flow of the heat medium during the operation of the cold room when the piping is made into a double pipe.

圖7係表示雙層管的下端部之構造的方塊圖。 Fig. 7 is a block diagram showing a structure of a lower end portion of a double pipe.

圖8係表示圖7中進行暖房運轉的情況之圖。 FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a state where a greenhouse operation is performed in FIG. 7.

圖9係表示圖7中進行冷房運轉的情況之圖。 FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a case where a cold room operation is performed in FIG. 7.

圖10係表示雙層管上端部的方塊圖。 Fig. 10 is a block diagram showing an upper end portion of a double tube.

圖11係表示雙層管上端部的變形例之方塊圖。 Fig. 11 is a block diagram showing a modified example of the upper end portion of the double pipe.

圖12係表示雙層管的第1變形例之橫剖面圖。 FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a first modified example of the double pipe.

圖13係表示雙層管的第2變形例之縱剖面圖。 FIG. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a second modified example of the double pipe.

圖14係說明第1實施形態中的控制之方塊圖。 Fig. 14 is a block diagram illustrating control in the first embodiment.

圖15係表示圖14中的控制之流程。 FIG. 15 shows a flow of control in FIG. 14.

圖16係表示第1實施形態的變形例之圖。 Fig. 16 is a diagram showing a modification of the first embodiment.

圖17係表示本發明的第2實施形態之要部的塊圖。 Fig. 17 is a block diagram showing a main part of a second embodiment of the present invention.

圖18係表示本發明的第3實施形態之要部的方塊圖。 Fig. 18 is a block diagram showing a main part of a third embodiment of the present invention.

圖19係表示第3實施形態中的施工順序之方塊圖。 Fig. 19 is a block diagram showing a construction procedure in the third embodiment.

圖20係表示接在圖19之後的施工順序之方塊圖。 FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing a construction sequence following FIG. 19.

圖21係表示接在圖20之後的施工順序之方塊圖。 FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing a construction sequence following FIG. 20.

圖22係表示本發明的第4實施形態之要部的方塊圖。 Fig. 22 is a block diagram showing a main part of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

圖23係表示本發明的第5實施形態之要部的方塊圖。 Fig. 23 is a block diagram showing a main part of a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

圖24係表示本發明的第6實施形態之要部的方塊圖。 Fig. 24 is a block diagram showing a main part of a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

圖25係表示在實驗例所用的實驗裝置之方塊圖。 Fig. 25 is a block diagram showing an experimental apparatus used in an experimental example.

圖26係表示冷房時的實驗結果之特性圖。 FIG. 26 is a characteristic diagram showing experimental results in a cold room.

圖27係表示暖房時的實驗結果之特性圖。 FIG. 27 is a characteristic diagram showing an experimental result in a warm room.

圖28係表示在變更圖26中的運轉條件之情況下的冷房時之實驗結果的特性圖。 FIG. 28 is a characteristic diagram showing an experimental result in a cold room when the operating conditions in FIG. 26 are changed.

圖29係說明第1實施形態中的控制之方塊圖。 Fig. 29 is a block diagram illustrating control in the first embodiment.

圖30係表示圖29中的控制之流程。 FIG. 30 shows a flow of control in FIG. 29.

以下，參照所附之圖面，針對本發明的實施形態作說明。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

圖示的實施形態中，作為熱交換系統的一個例子，係例示空調系統。 In the illustrated embodiment, an example of a heat exchange system is an air conditioning system.

換言之，圖示的實施形態中，在熱負載方面，例如是連接空調機3。 In other words, in the illustrated embodiment, the heat load is connected to the air conditioner 3, for example.

圖1~圖16係表示本發明的第1實施形態(包含各種變形例)。 1 to 16 show a first embodiment (including various modifications) of the present invention.

在此，為讓動作的說明易於理解，圖1、圖3、圖4係將浸泡在水槽的配管(La)之一部份顯示成異於實際的構成。而有關浸泡在水槽的配管(La)中之構成將於後面述及。 Here, in order to make the description of the operation easy to understand, FIG. 1, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4 show a part of the pipe (La) immersed in the water tank in a structure different from the actual one. The constitution of the pipe (La) immersed in the water tank will be described later.

此外，圖1中圖示了冷暖房切換控制之控制系(控制單元50等)，但在圖3、圖4中倒是省略了該控制系之圖示。 In addition, FIG. 1 illustrates a control system (control unit 50, etc.) for the heating and cooling room switching control, but the illustration of the control system is omitted in FIGS. 3 and 4.

一開始先參照圖1，概要說明第1實施形態。 First, referring to Fig. 1, a first embodiment will be described in outline.

圖1中，整體以符號100所表示的空調系統(熱交換系統)係具有：第1熱交換器(以下，記載成「室外機」)1、第2熱交換器(以下，記載成「室內機」)2、屬熱負載的空調機3(亦包含溫水地板加溫設備等)、屬蓄水設備的水槽150、浸泡在水槽150的配管系La、第1熱媒管線Lb、及第2熱媒管線Lc。 In FIG. 1, an air conditioning system (heat exchange system) indicated by a reference numeral 100 as a whole includes a first heat exchanger (hereinafter, referred to as "outdoor unit") 1, and a second heat exchanger (hereinafter, referred to as "indoor" Machine ") 2, an air conditioner 3 that is a thermal load (including warm water floor heating equipment, etc.), a water tank 150 that is a water storage device, a piping system La soaked in the water tank 150, a first heat medium line Lb, 2 heat medium line Lc.

浸泡在水槽150的配管系La係介設有第1熱交換器1、泵5、開閉閥V1、V2、溫度感測器6、7。此外，在配管系La內流通有屬熱媒的液相二氧化碳或氣相二氧化碳(以下，將二氧化碳記載成「CO₂」)。 The piping system La system immersed in the water tank 150 is provided with a first heat exchanger 1, a pump 5, on-off valves V1 and V2, and temperature sensors 6 and 7. In addition, liquid-phase carbon dioxide or gas-phase carbon dioxide (hereinafter referred to as “CO ₂ ”) that is a heat medium flows through the piping system La.

配管系La係具有管線La1~La5。 The piping system La system includes pipelines La1 to La5.

為計測水槽150內的水溫，在水槽150配置有溫度感測器(水溫感測器)TW1。 In order to measure the temperature of the water in the water tank 150, a temperature sensor (water temperature sensor) TW1 is arranged in the water tank 150.

管線La1係將泵5的吐出口5o和閥V1連接。 The pipeline La1 connects the discharge port 5o of the pump 5 to the valve V1.

管線La2係將閥V1和室外機1的連接口11連接。在管線La2中，於閥V1附近設有分歧點B1，在連接口11附近介設有溫度感測器6。 The pipeline La2 connects the valve V1 and the connection port 11 of the outdoor unit 1. In the pipeline La2, a branch point B1 is provided near the valve V1, and a temperature sensor 6 is provided near the connection port 11.

管線La3係將室外機1的連接口12和閥V2連接。在管線La3中，閥V2附近設有分歧點B2，在連接口12附近介設有溫度感測器7。 The pipeline La3 connects the connection port 12 of the outdoor unit 1 and the valve V2. In the pipeline La3, a branch point B2 is provided near the valve V2, and a temperature sensor 7 is provided near the connection port 12.

管線La4係將閥V2和泵5的吸入口5i連接。 The line La4 connects the valve V2 and the suction port 5i of the pump 5.

管線La5係將分歧點B1和分歧點B2連接並旁通泵5的支流管線。 The pipeline La5 is a branch pipeline connecting the branch point B1 and the branch point B2 and bypassing the pump 5.

圖1中，除了配管系La的管線La2及管線La3的室外機1側的一部分以外，配管系La係浸泡於水槽150內的水W。有關浸泡於水槽150內的水W之配管系La的構成，參照圖5~圖13並敘述如後。 In FIG. 1, the piping system La is immersed in water W in the water tank 150 except for a portion of the pipeline La2 and the pipeline La3 on the outdoor unit 1 side. The structure of the piping system La of the water W immersed in the water tank 150 will be described later with reference to FIGS. 5 to 13.

圖1中，第1熱媒管線Lb係介設有室外機1、室內機2、空壓機4、減壓閥V3、四通閥V4，而構成壓縮式空調機。此外，熱媒管線Lb內流通有屬熱媒的1次鹵水(例如氟氯烷R134)。 In FIG. 1, the first heat medium line Lb is provided with an outdoor unit 1, an indoor unit 2, an air compressor 4, a pressure reducing valve V3, and a four-way valve V4, thereby constituting a compression type air conditioner. In addition, primary brine (for example, halothane R134) which is a heat medium flows through the heat medium line Lb.

第1熱媒管線Lb係具有管線Lb1~Lb5。 The first heat medium line Lb includes lines Lb1 to Lb5.

管線Lb1係將空壓機4的吐出口40和四通閥V4的通口Vp1連接。 The line Lb1 connects the discharge port 40 of the air compressor 4 and the port Vp1 of the four-way valve V4.

管線Lb2係將四通閥V4的通口Vp2和室內機2的連接口21連接。 The pipeline Lb2 connects the port Vp2 of the four-way valve V4 with the connection port 21 of the indoor unit 2.

管線Lb3係將室內機2的連接口22和室外機1的連接口13連接。在管線Lb3介設有減壓閥V3。 The pipeline Lb3 connects the connection port 22 of the indoor unit 2 and the connection port 13 of the outdoor unit 1. A pressure reducing valve V3 is provided in the line Lb3.

管線Lb4係將室外機1的連接口14和四通閥V4的通口Vp3連接。 The pipeline Lb4 connects the connection port 14 of the outdoor unit 1 and the port Vp3 of the four-way valve V4.

管線Lb5係將四通閥V4的通口Vp4和空壓機4的吸入口4i連接。 The line Lb5 connects the port Vp4 of the four-way valve V4 with the suction port 4i of the air compressor 4.

第2熱媒管線Lc係介設有室內機2、空調機3。在第2熱媒管線Lc內流通有屬熱媒的2次鹵水(例如水)。 The second heat medium line Lc is provided with an indoor unit 2 and an air conditioner 3. A secondary brine (for example, water), which is a heat medium, flows through the second heat medium line Lc.

第2熱媒管線Lc係具有管線Lc1和管線Lc2。 The second heat medium line Lc includes a line Lc1 and a line Lc2.

管線Lc1係將空調機3的連接口31和室內機2的連接口23連接。管線Lc2係將室內機2的連接口24和空調機3的連接口32連接。 The line Lc1 connects the connection port 31 of the air conditioner 3 and the connection port 23 of the indoor unit 2. The line Lc2 connects the connection port 24 of the indoor unit 2 and the connection port 32 of the air conditioner 3.

如同圖1所示，熱交換系統100係具備屬控制手段的控制單元50。控制單元50係透過控制信號線So而與空壓機4、泵5及開閉閥V1、V2連接。 As shown in FIG. 1, the heat exchange system 100 includes a control unit 50 that is a control means. The control unit 50 is connected to the air compressor 4, the pump 5, and the on-off valves V1 and V2 through a control signal line So.

其次參照圖2，針對在運轉圖1的空調機3之際的冷房/暖房之切換控制作說明。 Next, the switching control of the cold room / warm room when the air conditioner 3 of FIG. 1 is operated will be described with reference to FIG. 2.

在圖2的步驟S1中，透過自動控制或手控操作以操作具備控制單元50之未圖示的控制盤而使空調機3作動。 In step S1 in FIG. 2, the air conditioner 3 is operated by operating a control panel (not shown) including the control unit 50 through automatic control or manual control operation.

在步驟S2中，透過自動控制或手控操作，決定要進行暖房運轉或進行冷房運轉，以進行所決定的運轉。 In step S2, it is determined through automatic control or manual control operation to perform warm room operation or cold room operation to perform the determined operation.

若是執行暖房運轉(在步驟S2是「暖房」)，則依控制單元50，關閉浸泡於水槽150的配管系La之開閉閥V1、V2，以停止介設於配管系La的泵5(步驟S3)。 If the greenhouse operation is performed ("greenhouse" in step S2), the control unit 50 closes the on-off valves V1 and V2 of the piping system La soaked in the water tank 150 to stop the pump 5 interposed in the piping system La (step S3) ).

接著進到步驟S4，將四通閥V4切換成暖房側。當四通閥V4一被切換成暖房側時，則四通閥V4的通口Vp1和通口Vp2連通，通口Vp3和通口Vp4連通(參照圖3)。 Then, the process proceeds to step S4, and the four-way valve V4 is switched to the greenhouse side. When the four-way valve V4 is switched to the heating room side, the port Vp1 and the port Vp2 of the four-way valve V4 are communicated, and the port Vp3 and the port Vp4 are communicated (see FIG. 3).

另一方面，若是執行冷房運轉(在步驟S2是「冷房」)，則依控制單元50，開放被介設於配管系La的開閉閥V1、V2，使介設於配管系La的泵5作動(步驟S5)。 On the other hand, if the cold room operation is performed ("cold room" in step S2), the on-off valves V1 and V2 provided in the piping system La are opened according to the control unit 50, and the pump 5 provided in the piping system La is operated. (Step S5).

接著進到步驟S6，將四通閥V4切換成冷房側。當四通閥V4一被切換成冷房側時，則四通閥V4的通口Vp1和通口Vp3連通，通口Vp2和通口Vp4連通(參照圖4)。 Then, the process proceeds to step S6, and the four-way valve V4 is switched to the cold room side. When the four-way valve V4 is switched to the cold room side, the port Vp1 and the port Vp3 of the four-way valve V4 are communicated, and the port Vp2 and the port Vp4 are communicated (see FIG. 4).

當步驟S4或步驟S6完了後，進入步驟S7，控制單元50係作動介設於第1熱媒管線Lb的空壓機4，執行暖房運轉或冷房運轉並進到步驟S8。 When step S4 or step S6 is completed, the process proceeds to step S7. The control unit 50 operates the air compressor 4 interposed in the first heat medium line Lb, executes warm room operation or cold room operation, and proceeds to step S8.

在步驟S8中，判斷控制單元50是否已進行了暖房運轉或冷房運轉之結束操作。若已進行了結束操作(步驟S8為「是」)，結束控制。 In step S8, it is determined whether the control unit 50 has performed the end operation of the warm room operation or the cold room operation. If the end operation has been performed (YES in step S8), the control is ended.

另一方面，若未進行結束操作(步驟S8為「否」)，則返回步驟S2，再重複步驟S2以後的步驟。 On the other hand, if the end operation has not been performed (NO in step S8), the process returns to step S2, and the steps subsequent to step S2 are repeated.

有關進行暖房運轉的情況，參照圖3作說明。 A case where the greenhouse operation is performed will be described with reference to FIG. 3.

在圖3所示的暖房運轉時，如同前述，關閉介設於配管系La的開閉閥V1、V2，則介設於配管系La的泵5係停止。 During the operation of the greenhouse shown in FIG. 3, as described above, when the on-off valves V1 and V2 provided in the piping system La are closed, the pump 5 provided in the piping system La is stopped.

接著，介設於第1熱媒管線Lb的四通閥V4切換成暖房側，四通閥V4的通口Vp1和通口Vp2連通，通口Vp3和通口Vp4連通。 Next, the four-way valve V4 interposed in the first heat medium line Lb is switched to the heating room side. The port Vp1 and the port Vp2 of the four-way valve V4 communicate with each other, and the port Vp3 and the port Vp4 communicate with each other.

接著，空壓機4作動，熱媒(例如，氟氯烷R134)被壓縮而成為高溫高壓的氣相氟氯烷，從空壓機4的吐出口40被吐出。 Next, the air compressor 4 operates, and a heat medium (for example, chlorochloroethane R134) is compressed to form a high-temperature and high-pressure gas-phase chlorochlorohydrin, and is discharged from the discharge port 40 of the air compressor 4.

從空壓機4被吐出之高溫高壓的氣相氟氯烷係經由管線Lb1、四通閥V4的通口Vp1、通口Vp2及管線Lb2，從室內機2的第1連接口21流入室內機2的熱交換部2h。 The high-temperature and high-pressure gas-phase chlorochlorohydrin discharged from the air compressor 4 flows into the indoor unit through the first connection port 21 of the indoor unit 2 through the line Lb1, the port Vp1, the port Vp2, and the line Lb2 of the four-way valve V4. 2's heat exchange section 2h.

在室內機2的熱交換部2h內，高溫高壓的氣相氟氯烷係和流通於第2熱媒管線Lc的熱媒(從空調機3經由管線Lc1流入室內機2的熱媒：例如水)進行熱交換。透過在室內機2中的熱交換，流通於第2熱媒管線Lc的水(熱媒)係受熱，高溫高壓的氣相氟氯烷則失去氣化熱而凝結並成為高壓的液相氟氯烷。 In the heat exchange section 2h of the indoor unit 2, a high-temperature and high-pressure gas-phase chlorochlorohydrin system and a heat medium flowing through the second heat medium line Lc (the heat medium flowing from the air conditioner 3 into the indoor unit 2 through the line Lc1: for example, water ) For heat exchange. Through the heat exchange in the indoor unit 2, the water (heat medium) flowing through the second heat medium line Lc is heated, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas-phase chlorochlorohydrin loses the heat of vaporization, condenses, and becomes a high-pressure liquid-phase fluorochlorine. alkyl.

在室內機2受熱的水係從管線Lc2送至空調機3，藉空調機3中之未圖示的散熱器放熱，執行設置有空調機3的空間之暖房。在藉由未圖示的散熱器放熱後，屬熱媒的水係再度經由管線Lc1而被送至室內機2。 The water system heated in the indoor unit 2 is sent from the line Lc2 to the air conditioner 3, and a radiator (not shown) in the air conditioner 3 radiates heat to execute a heating room in a space where the air conditioner 3 is installed. After the heat is radiated by a radiator (not shown), the water system that is a heat medium is sent to the indoor unit 2 through the line Lc1 again.

另一方面，在室內機2中凝結的高壓液相氟氯烷係從室內機2的連接口22經由管線Lb3，從室外機1的連接口13流入室外機1內的熱交換部1h。在高壓液相氟氯烷流過管線Lb3之際，被減壓閥V3所減壓而成為低壓液相氟氯烷。 On the other hand, the high-pressure liquid-phase chlorochlorohydrin system condensed in the indoor unit 2 flows from the connection port 22 of the indoor unit 2 through the line Lb3 and from the connection port 13 of the outdoor unit 1 to the heat exchange unit 1h in the outdoor unit 1. When the high-pressure liquid phase chlorochlorohydrin flows through the line Lb3, it is decompressed by the pressure reducing valve V3 to become a low-pressure liquid phase chlorochlorohydrin.

在室外機1的熱交換部1h中，低壓的液相氟氯烷係和流通於被浸泡在水槽150的配管系La中之氣相CO₂進行熱交換。接著，將氣相CO₂的凝結熱投入低壓液相氟氯烷，因而流通於配管系La的氣相CO₂係凝結而成為液相CO₂。亦即，在熱交換部1h中，低壓液相氟氯烷和氣相CO₂係藉由氣相CO₂的凝結熱將屬潛熱的氣化熱作熱交換，進行所謂的「潛熱-潛熱熱交換」。其結果，低壓液相氟氯烷係氣化而成為低壓氣相氟氯烷。 In the heat exchange section 1h of the outdoor unit 1, heat exchange is performed between the low-pressure liquid-phase chlorochloroethane system and the gas-phase CO ₂ flowing through the piping system La immersed in the water tank 150. Next, the heat of condensation of the gas-phase CO ₂ is introduced into the low-pressure liquid-phase chlorochlorohydrin, so that the gas-phase CO ₂ -system flowing through the piping system La condenses to become liquid-phase CO ₂ . That is, in the heat exchange section 1h, the low-pressure liquid phase chlorochloroalkane and the gas-phase CO ₂ exchange heat of vaporization, which is latent heat, by the condensation heat of the gas-phase CO ₂ to perform the so-called "latent heat-latent heat exchange"". As a result, the low-pressure liquid phase chlorochlorohydrin-based gasification turns into a low-pressure gas phase chlorochlorofluorocarbon.

已在室外機1氣化的低壓氣相氟氯烷係經由室外機1的連接口14、管線Lb4、四通閥V4的通口Vp3、Vp4、管線Lb5而流入空壓機4的流入口4i。然後，在空壓機4被壓縮而再成為高溫高壓的氣相氟氯烷，從吐出口4o被吐出。 The low-pressure gas-phase chlorochlorohydrin which has been vaporized in the outdoor unit 1 flows into the inlet 4i of the air compressor 4 through the connection port 14 of the outdoor unit 1, the line Lb4, the port Vp3, Vp4, and the line Lb5 of the four-way valve V4. . Then, it is compressed by the air compressor 4 and becomes a high-temperature and high-pressure gas-phase chlorochlorohydrin, and is discharged from the discharge port 4o.

另一方面，在室外機1凝結的液相CO₂係從室外機1的連接口11排出，流過管線La2並因其自重而下降。在流過管線La2之際，液相CO₂係因為水槽150內的水W而被投入氣化熱並相變化成氣相CO₂。 On the other hand, the liquid-phase CO ₂ condensed in the outdoor unit 1 is discharged from the connection port 11 of the outdoor unit 1 and flows through the pipeline La2 and drops due to its own weight. Flowing through the line La2 occasion, because the water-based liquid CO ₂ W in the water tank 150 is heated and vaporized into the phase change to a gas phase CO _2.

由於開閉閥V1、V2在暖房運轉時是閉塞著，所以流過管線La2的CO₂係從分歧點B1旁通並流通於La5，再從分歧點B2流入管線La3。 Since the on-off valves V1 and V2 are closed during the greenhouse operation, the CO ₂ flowing through the pipeline La2 is bypassed from the branch point B1 and flows through La5, and then flows into the pipeline La3 from the branch point B2.

流入管線La3的CO₂係被充分地投入有水槽150內的水W所保有的熱而氣化。 The CO ₂ flowing into the line La3 is vaporized by the heat retained by the water W in the water tank 150.

在此，從室外機1排出之液相CO₂的比重係比氣相CO₂的比重大。因此，管線La3內的氣相CO₂係被液相CO₂擠壓般地在管線La3內上昇。因此，在暖房運轉時無需讓CO₂搬送用的泵5作動。 Here, the specific gravity of the liquid-phase CO ₂ discharged from the outdoor unit 1 is larger than that of the gas-phase CO ₂ . Therefore, the gaseous CO ₂ system in the pipeline La 3 rises in the pipeline La 3 by being squeezed by the liquid phase CO ₂ . Therefore, it is not necessary to operate the pump 5 for CO ₂ transportation during the greenhouse operation.

在管線La3內上昇的氣相CO₂係從連接口12流入室外機1內。然後，如上述，對低壓氣相氟氯烷投入凝結熱。 The gas-phase CO ₂ rising in the line La3 flows into the outdoor unit 1 from the connection port 12. Then, as described above, the condensation heat is applied to the low-pressure gas-phase chlorochlorohydrin.

其次，有關進行冷房運轉的情況，參照圖4作說明。 Next, a case where the cold room operation is performed will be described with reference to FIG. 4.

在圖4的冷房運轉時，如同前述，開放介設於配管系La的開閉閥V1、V2，同時作動介設於配管系La的泵5。 During the operation of the cold room in FIG. 4, as described above, the on-off valves V1 and V2 provided in the piping system La are opened, and the pump 5 provided in the piping system La is operated at the same time.

在配管系La中，藉由泵5而昇壓的液相CO₂係在吐出口5o、管線La1、開閉閥V1及管線La2上昇。接著經由連接口11而流入室外機1內的熱交換部1h。 In the piping system La, the liquid-phase CO ₂ pressure-boosted by the pump 5 rises at the discharge port 5o, the line La1, the on-off valve V1, and the line La2. Then, it flows into the heat exchange unit 1h in the outdoor unit 1 through the connection port 11.

在室外機1中，液相CO₂係和從空壓機4的吐出口4o吐出的高壓氣相氟氯烷交換氣化熱。被投入氣化熱的液相CO₂係成為氣相CO₂，且經由連接口12、管線La3、開閉閥V2、管線La4而流入泵5的吸入口5i。 1, the liquid CO ₂ from the high pressure gas lines and exchange CFC compressor outlet 4 alkoxy 4o discharge heat of vaporization in the outdoor unit. The liquid-phase CO _{2 to which the} heat of vaporization is supplied becomes gas-phase CO ₂ , and flows into the suction port 5 i of the pump 5 through the connection port 12, the line La3, the on-off valve V2, and the line La4.

在此，由於泵5的吸入口5i的負壓作用於管線La3，故在室外機1氣化的氣相CO₂係在管線La3朝向水槽150內下降。 Here, since the negative pressure of the suction port 5i of the pump 5 acts on the line La3, the gas-phase CO ₂ vaporized in the outdoor unit 1 descends toward the water tank 150 in the line La3.

氣相CO₂係在管線La3降下的期間對水槽150內的水W捨棄凝結熱並凝結而成為液相CO₂。然後，依泵5的吸入口5i的負壓，液相CO₂係在管線La5中未分歧地，所有的體積量流通於管線La4並被吸入泵5的吸入口5i吸入。 The gas-phase CO ₂ system condenses the water W in the water tank 150 while the line La 3 is lowered, and condenses to form liquid-phase CO ₂ . Then, according to the negative pressure of the suction port 5i of the pump 5, the liquid-phase CO ₂ is not divided in the pipeline La5, and all the volume flows through the pipeline La4 and is sucked into the suction port 5i of the suction pump 5.

當冷房運轉時，介設於第1熱媒管線Lb的四通閥V4切換成冷房側，四通閥V4的通口Vp1和通口Vp3連通，通口Vp2和通口Vp4連通。然後空壓機4起動，屬熱媒的氟氯烷R134被壓縮而成為高溫高壓的氣相氟氯烷從吐出口4o被吐出。 When the cold room is running, the four-way valve V4 interposed in the first heat medium line Lb is switched to the cold room side, the port Vp1 of the four-way valve V4 is connected to the port Vp3, and the port Vp2 is connected to the port Vp4. Then, the air compressor 4 is started, and the halothane R134 which is a heat medium is compressed to become a high-temperature and high-pressure gas-phase halothane which is discharged from the discharge port 4o.

從空壓機4吐出之高溫高壓的氣相氟氯烷係經由管線Lb1、四通閥V4的通口Vp1、通口Vp3及管線Lb4而從室外機1的連接口14流入室外機1的熱交換部1h。 The high-temperature and high-pressure gas-phase chlorochlorohydrin discharged from the air compressor 4 flows into the outdoor unit 1 through the line Lb1, the port Vp1 of the four-way valve V4, the port Vp3, and the line Lb4 and flows into the outdoor unit 1. Exchange Department 1h.

在室外機1的熱交換部1h內，高溫高壓的氣相氟氯烷係對從配管系La的管線La2流入連接口11的液相CO₂投入凝結熱(進行熱交換)並凝結而成為高壓的液相氟氯烷。在那時，配管系La的液相CO₂會氣化。 In the heat exchange section 1h of the outdoor unit 1, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas-phase chlorochlorohydrin system applies condensing heat (heat exchange) to liquid phase CO ₂ flowing from the pipeline La2 of the piping system La to the connection port 11 and condenses to a high pressure. Liquid halothane. At that time, the liquid-phase CO _{2 of the} piping system La vaporizes.

在室外機1內被凝結之高壓的液相氟氯烷係從連接口13朝管線Lb3排出，且被介設於管線Lb3的減壓閥V3減壓而成為低壓的液相氟氯烷。低壓液相氟氯烷係從連接口22流入室內機2的熱交換部2h。 The high-pressure liquid halothane condensed in the outdoor unit 1 is discharged from the connection port 13 toward the line Lb3, and is depressurized by the pressure reducing valve V3 interposed in the line Lb3 to become a low-pressure liquid halothane. The low-pressure liquid phase chlorochlorohydrin system flows into the heat exchange section 2h of the indoor unit 2 through the connection port 22.

在熱交換部2h內，流過第1熱媒管線Lb的低壓液相氟氯烷係和流過第2熱媒管線Lc的水(熱煤)進行熱交換，被投入氣化熱而成為低壓的氣相氟氯烷。在那時， 流通於第2熱媒管線Lc的水係降下與將熱投入於流過第1熱媒管線Lb之氟氯烷的份量相應程度之溫度。 In the heat exchange unit 2h, the low-pressure liquid phase chlorochloroethane system flowing through the first heat medium line Lb and the water (hot coal) flowing through the second heat medium line Lc are heat-exchanged, and the heat of vaporization is input to become low pressure. Of gas phase halothane. At that time, The water system flowing through the second heat medium line Lc is lowered to a temperature corresponding to the amount of chlorochloroalkane that is used to put heat into the first heat medium line Lb.

換言之，在室內機2中，流通於第2熱媒管線Lc的水(熱媒)的顯熱和流通於第1熱媒管線Lb的氟氯烷的潛熱係熱交換(顯熱-潛熱熱交換)。 In other words, in the indoor unit 2, the sensible heat of water (heat medium) flowing through the second heat medium line Lc and the latent heat system heat exchange (sensible heat-latent heat exchange) of the chlorochloroethane flowing through the first heat medium line Lb ).

從室內機2的連接口23排出的冷水係從空調機3的連接口31流入空調機3內，將設置有空調機的空間進行冷房。冷媒(水)係在空調機3內冷卻室內空氣，並從連接口32經由管線Lc2被送至室內機2的連接口24。 The cold water discharged from the connection port 23 of the indoor unit 2 flows into the air conditioner 3 from the connection port 31 of the air conditioner 3, and cools the space in which the air conditioner is installed. The refrigerant (water) cools the indoor air in the air conditioner 3 and is sent from the connection port 32 to the connection port 24 of the indoor unit 2 through the line Lc2.

另一方面，已在室內機2內氣化的低壓氣相氟氯烷係經由室內機2的連接口21、管線Lb2、四通閥V4的通口Vp2、Vp4、管線Lb5而從空壓機4的吸入口4i被吸入。然後在空壓機4被壓縮成高壓氣相氟氯烷再從吐出口4o吐出。 On the other hand, the low-pressure gas-phase chlorochlorohydrin that has been vaporized in the indoor unit 2 passes from the air compressor through the connection port 21 of the indoor unit 2, the line Lb2, the port Vp2 of the four-way valve V4, and the line Lb5. The suction port 4i of 4 is sucked. Then, it is compressed into high-pressure gas-phase chlorochlorohydrin in the air compressor 4 and is then discharged from the discharge port 4o.

在圖3所示的暖房運轉之情況，即使泵5不運轉，流通於配管系La的CO₂仍可在包含浸泡於水槽150的區域在內之區域中良好地循環。 In the case of the greenhouse operation shown in FIG. 3, even if the pump 5 is not operated, the CO ₂ flowing through the piping system La can still circulate well in the area including the area immersed in the water tank 150.

相對地，在圖4所示的冷房運轉的情況，如同上述，若泵5不運轉，則流通於配管系La的CO₂就不會在配管系La內循環。 In contrast, in the case of the cold room operation shown in FIG. 4, as described above, if the pump 5 is not operated, the CO ₂ flowing through the piping system La will not circulate in the piping system La.

有關這樣的泵5及管線La1、La4、La5，參照圖7~圖9並在後面述及。 Such a pump 5 and lines La1, La4, and La5 will be described later with reference to FIGS. 7 to 9.

在此，不論是在圖3所示的暖房運轉或是在圖4所示的冷房運轉，由於在室外機1中，流通於配管系La 之CO₂與流通於第1熱媒管線Lb之氟氯烷進行氣化熱之熱交換，進行所謂的「潛熱-潛熱交換」，所以大量的熱量被交換，效率變高。 Here, whether it is the warm room operation shown in FIG. 3 or the cold room operation shown in FIG. 4, in the outdoor unit 1, CO ₂ flowing through the piping system La and fluorine flowing through the first heat medium line Lb Chlorane performs heat exchange of vaporization heat and performs so-called "latent heat-latent heat exchange", so a large amount of heat is exchanged, and the efficiency becomes high.

在圖1、圖3、圖4中，水槽150內的供熱媒流通之配管系La雖是利用往復的路徑是分開構成的U字狀管所構成，但在圖示的實施形態中，這樣的水槽150內的配管亦能以雙層管構成。 In FIGS. 1, 3 and 4, although the piping system La for heating medium circulation in the water tank 150 is formed by a U-shaped pipe having a reciprocating path that is separately formed, in the embodiment shown in the figure, The piping in the water tank 150 can also be constituted by a double pipe.

有關這樣的雙層管，參照圖5~圖12作說明。 Such a double tube will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 12.

圖5中，構成配管系La的雙層管9係由內管91和外管92所構成。 In FIG. 5, the double-layer pipe 9 constituting the piping system La is composed of an inner pipe 91 and an outer pipe 92.

如圖5所示，於暖房時(參照圖3)，從室外機1送來的液相CO₂在雙層管9的內管91降下。 As shown in FIG. 5, in a warm room (refer to FIG. 3), the liquid-phase CO ₂ sent from the outdoor unit 1 is lowered in the inner pipe 91 of the double pipe 9.

由於液相CO₂的比重比氣相CO₂的比重大，故會因為其重量而朝下方落下。 Since the specific gravity of the liquid phase CO ₂ is larger than that of the gas phase CO ₂ , it will fall downward due to its weight.

當液相CO₂被投入源自水槽150內的水之氣化熱時，會氣化成為氣相CO₂。然後，由於氣相CO₂的比重比液相CO₂的比重小，所以會在雙層管9的外管92上昇並朝向室外機1。 When the liquid-phase CO ₂ is input to the heat of vaporization of the water originating in the water tank 150, it vaporizes into the gas-phase CO ₂ . Then, since the specific gravity of the gas phase CO ₂ is smaller than that of the liquid phase CO ₂ , the specific gravity rises in the outer tube 92 of the double-layer tube 9 and faces the outdoor unit 1.

亦即，在圖3的暖房時，應朝水槽150內的水W中運送的液相CO₂係依自重而在內管91朝下方落下，從水槽150內的水W中返回的氣相CO₂係在外管92上昇，因而無需從外部供給用以讓屬熱媒的CO₂在二重配管9中流通的動力。 That is, in the warm room of FIG. 3, the liquid-phase CO ₂ that should be transported toward the water W in the water tank 150 falls downward under the inner tube 91 due to its own weight, and the gas-phase CO returned from the water W in the water tank 150 _{Since the 2} line rises in the outer pipe 92, there is no need to supply power from the outside for circulating CO _{2 which} is a heat medium in the double pipe 9.

在參照圖4所說明的冷房時，如圖6所述，從室外機1送來的氣相CO₂在雙層管9的外管92下降。 接著，氣相的CO₂將氣化熱投入水槽150內的水W中所凝結成之液相的CO₂係面向室外機1而在雙層管9的內管91上昇。 In the cold room described with reference to FIG. 4, as shown in FIG. 6, the gas-phase CO ₂ sent from the outdoor unit 1 is lowered in the outer pipe 92 of the double pipe 9. Then, CO ₂ gas is put into the heat of vaporization of water W in the water tank 150 condenses into the liquid phase of the CO ₂ system for the outdoor unit 1 and the double-pipe inner pipe rises to 919.

在此，冷房時與暖房時不同，由於是使比重小的氣相CO₂下降，使比重大的液相CO₂上昇，故需要動力。 Here, unlike in the cold room and the warm room, the gas phase CO _{2 with a} small specific gravity is lowered and the liquid phase CO _{2 with a} large specific gravity is increased, so power is required.

因此，如在圖7所述，於雙層管9的外管92之底部設置第1開閉閥Vb1，在其末端設置CO₂循環用的泵5。 Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, a first on-off valve Vb1 is provided at the bottom of the outer tube 92 of the double-layer pipe 9, and a pump 5 for CO ₂ circulation is provided at the end thereof.

此外，在內管91的下端安裝第2開閉閥Vb2。在此，當第2開閉閥Vb2開放時，內管91的末端連通於外管92，而當第2開閉閥Vb2關閉時，內管91的末端閉塞。 A second on-off valve Vb2 is attached to the lower end of the inner tube 91. Here, when the second on-off valve Vb2 is opened, the end of the inner tube 91 communicates with the outer tube 92, and when the second on-off valve Vb2 is closed, the end of the inner tube 91 is closed.

泵5的吐出口和內管91的底部附近係在管線93連接，在管線93介設有第3開閉閥Vb3。 The discharge port of the pump 5 and the vicinity of the bottom of the inner pipe 91 are connected to a line 93, and a third on-off valve Vb3 is provided in the line 93.

在暖房時，如圖8所述，閉塞第1開閉閥Vb1及第3開閉閥Vb3，開放第2開閉閥Vb2。 In a warm room, as shown in FIG. 8, the first on-off valve Vb1 and the third on-off valve Vb3 are closed, and the second on-off valve Vb2 is opened.

如上述，於暖房時，從內管91下降的液相CO₂係與水槽150內的水W熱交換並被投入氣化熱而成氣相CO₂。然後，氣相CO₂係經由第2開閉閥Vb2而流入外管92的底部附近，從外管92的底部在外管92上昇。在此，即使氣相CO₂和液相CO₂混在一起而成為所謂的「氣相2相流」並流入外管92，仍會和水槽150內的水W熱交換，完全地成為氣相CO₂並朝室外機1側上昇。 As described above, in a greenhouse, the liquid-phase CO ₂ descending from the inner pipe 91 is heat-exchanged with the water W in the water tank 150 and is supplied with vaporization heat to form a gas-phase CO ₂ . Then, the gas-phase CO ₂ flows into the vicinity of the bottom of the outer tube 92 via the second on-off valve Vb2, and rises from the bottom of the outer tube 92 to the outer tube 92. Here, even if gas-phase CO ₂ and liquid-phase CO _{2 are} mixed together into a so-called “gas-phase two-phase flow” and flow into the outer tube 92, they will still exchange heat with water W in the water tank 150 and completely become gas-phase CO. ₂ and rise towards the outdoor unit 1 side.

雖未圖示，但液相CO₂不在水槽150內的水W中氣化之情況，可設置促進氣化的機構(例如，加熱機構)。 Although not shown, in the case where the liquid-phase CO _{2 is} not vaporized in the water W in the water tank 150, a mechanism (for example, a heating mechanism) for promoting vaporization may be provided.

於冷房時，如圖9所述，閉塞內管91末端的第2開閉閥Vb2，開放第1開閉閥Vb1及第3開閉閥Vb3，使泵5作動。 In the cold room, as shown in FIG. 9, the second on-off valve Vb2 at the end of the inner tube 91 is closed, the first on-off valve Vb1 and the third on-off valve Vb3 are opened, and the pump 5 is operated.

透過使泵5作動，負壓會作用於外管92內，因而比重小的氣相的CO₂會下降。 When the pump 5 is operated, negative pressure acts on the outer tube 92, and CO ₂ in the gas phase having a small specific gravity decreases.

在外管92降下來的氣相CO₂係在下降途中，對水槽150內排出氣化熱並被凝結。然後，成為液相CO₂被泵5所吸引。從泵5吐出的液相CO₂係經由管線93、第3開閉閥Vb3而從內管91被壓送至室外機1。 The gas-phase CO ₂ descending from the outer tube 92 is discharged in the middle of the water tank 150 and is condensed. Then, the liquid-phase CO ₂ is attracted by the pump 5. The liquid-phase CO ₂ discharged from the pump 5 is pressure-fed from the inner pipe 91 to the outdoor unit 1 via the line 93 and the third on-off valve Vb3.

如同參照圖5~圖9所作的說明，在冷房時和暖房時，從室外機1出來的熱媒和進入室外機1的熱媒是流通於雙層管9的內管91或流通於雙層管9的外管92，並不相同。 As described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 9, the heat medium from the outdoor unit 1 and the heat medium entering the outdoor unit 1 are circulated through the inner pipe 91 of the double-layer pipe 9 or the double-layer pipe during the cold room and the warm room. The outer tube 92 of the tube 9 is not the same.

圖10係表示雙層管9的室外機側端部(上端部)中之配管的示意構成。 FIG. 10 shows a schematic configuration of the piping in the outdoor unit-side end (upper end) of the double pipe 9.

在圖10中，雙層管9中的內管91之上端係連接著圖1~圖3所示的管線La2，外管92的上端係連接著圖1~圖3所示的管線La3。 In FIG. 10, the upper end of the inner pipe 91 in the double-layer pipe 9 is connected to the pipeline La2 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, and the upper end of the outer pipe 92 is connected to the pipeline La3 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.

此外，在冷房時和暖房時，存在著流通於配管系La的CO₂和流通於第1熱媒管線Lb的氟氯烷之流通方向是和圖1~圖3所示者不同的情況。 In the cold room and the warm room, there may be cases where the flow direction of CO ₂ flowing through the piping system La and the chlorochloroethane flowing through the first heat medium line Lb is different from those shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.

為對應那種情況，如圖11所示，亦可建構成在配管系La側介設有4個閥Va1~Va4，且管線La2、管線La3可與內管92、外管93任一連通。 To cope with that situation, as shown in FIG. 11, four valves Va1 to Va4 may be provided on the piping system La side, and the pipelines La2 and La3 may communicate with any of the inner pipe 92 and the outer pipe 93.

圖11中，連通於室外機1的連接口11的管線La2和連通於室外機1的連接口12的管線La3係連通於外管92。在管線La2介設有開閉閥Va1，而在管線La3介設有開閉閥Va2。 In FIG. 11, the pipeline La2 connected to the connection port 11 of the outdoor unit 1 and the pipeline La3 connected to the connection port 12 of the outdoor unit 1 are connected to the outer pipe 92. On-line La2 is provided with an on-off valve Va1, and on-line La3 is provided with an on-off valve Va2.

管線La6自管線La2的分歧點Ba2分歧，連通於內管91。又，管線La7自管線La3的分歧點Ba3分歧，連通於內管91。 The pipeline La6 diverges from the divergence point Ba2 of the pipeline La2 and communicates with the inner pipe 91. The pipeline La7 diverges from the branching point Ba3 of the pipeline La3 and communicates with the inner pipe 91.

在管線La6介設有開閉閥Va3，而在管線La7介設有開閉閥Va4。 On-line La6 is provided with an on-off valve Va3, and on-line La7 is provided with an on-off valve Va4.

參照圖5~圖11所說明的雙層管9的第1變形例顯示於圖12。 A first modified example of the double tube 9 described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 11 is shown in FIG. 12.

圖12的第1變形例中，雙層管9A的外管92A在長邊方向(中心線CL方向)形成有凹凸。透過形成這樣的凹凸而增大表面積以提高熱交換效率。 In the first modified example of FIG. 12, the outer tube 92A of the double-layer tube 9A is formed with irregularities in the longitudinal direction (the centerline CL direction). By forming such unevenness, the surface area is increased to improve the heat exchange efficiency.

雖未圖示，但在雙層管9A的內管91A，於長邊方向形成凹凸亦可。 Although not shown, the inner tube 91A of the double tube 9A may have irregularities formed in the longitudinal direction.

圖13係顯示雙層管9的第2變形例。 FIG. 13 shows a second modified example of the double tube 9.

在圖13的第2變形例中，雙層管9B的外管92B在圓周方向設置凹凸，藉此增大表面積以提高熱交換效率。 In the second modified example of FIG. 13, the outer tube 92B of the double tube 9B is provided with irregularities in the circumferential direction, thereby increasing the surface area to improve the heat exchange efficiency.

在這樣的第2變形例中，雖未圖示，但亦可在雙層管9B的內管91B形成圓周方向的凹凸。 In such a second modification, although not shown in the drawings, the inner tube 91B of the double-layer tube 9B may be formed with irregularities in the circumferential direction.

再者，作為雙層管9的變形例，雖未圖示，但可在雙層管的外管(或外管及內管)設置散熱片。 In addition, as a modified example of the double pipe 9, although not shown, a heat sink may be provided on the outer pipe (or the outer pipe and the inner pipe) of the double pipe.

依據第1實施形態，使用CO₂作為熱媒，將CO₂的氣化熱(凝結熱)透過和水槽150內的水之熱交換而投入於熱媒，或從熱媒對水槽150內的水排出。然後，以CO₂熱媒的潛熱和水槽150內的水W的顯熱，進行所謂的「潛熱-顯熱熱交換」。 According to the first embodiment, CO _{2 is} used as the heat medium, and the heat of vaporization (condensation heat) of CO ₂ is transmitted to the heat medium through heat exchange with the water in the water tank 150, or the water in the water tank 150 is transferred from the heat medium to the water in the water tank 150. discharge. Then, the so-called "latent heat-sensible heat exchange" is performed using the latent heat of the CO ₂ heat medium and the sensible heat of the water W in the water tank 150.

在此，「潛熱-顯熱熱交換」與「潛熱-顯熱熱交換」相較下，可回收或排出每單位量的熱媒之大量的熱，故熱效率變良好。 Here, compared with "latent heat-sensible heat exchange" and "latent heat-sensible heat exchange", a large amount of heat per unit amount of heat medium can be recovered or discharged, so the thermal efficiency becomes good.

又，CO₂與習知技術所用的鹵水相較下，熱容量較大。 In addition, CO ₂ has a larger heat capacity than the brine used in the conventional technology.

為此，依據第1實施形態，由於熱媒可有效率地回收水槽150內的水所保有之熱量，或可將熱有效率地排出於水槽150內的水W中，所以能將浸泡於水槽150內的水W中的配管系La(雙層管9)作成短且細。 For this reason, according to the first embodiment, the heat medium can efficiently recover the heat held by the water in the water tank 150 or efficiently discharge the heat into the water W in the water tank 150, so that it can be immersed in the water tank. The piping system La (double-layer pipe 9) in the water W in 150 is made short and thin.

因此，在使配管系La(雙層管9)浸泡於水槽150內的水W中之際，無需挖掘至地中較深區域，無需埋設配管用的龐大空間。 Therefore, when the piping system La (double-layer pipe 9) is immersed in the water W in the water tank 150, it is not necessary to dig deeper into the ground, and it is not necessary to bury a huge space for piping.

在利用是使用液相的鹵水作為熱媒之習知的地熱的技術之情況，必須將供液相鹵水流通的地中配管系沿著基礎樁配置，或者，在基礎樁之中配置該地中配管，當基礎樁施工時，會引發額外的成本。 In the case of using the conventional geothermal technology which uses liquid-phase brine as a heat medium, it is necessary to arrange a piping system in the ground where the liquid-phase brine circulates along the foundation pile, or arrange the ground in the foundation pile. Piping will cause additional costs when foundation piles are being constructed.

又，未將供鹵水流通的地中配管配置在地樁附近的情況，需要將埋設該地中配管用的井挖掘至地中較深區域，致使產生所需之成本。 In addition, in the case where the ground piping for circulating brine is not arranged near the ground pile, it is necessary to dig the well for burying the piping in the ground to a deeper area in the ground, resulting in the required cost.

依據第1實施形態，能將浸泡於水槽150內的水W中的配管系La(雙層管9)作成短且細，故不會產生上述那樣的成本。 According to the first embodiment, since the piping system La (double-layer pipe 9) immersed in the water W in the water tank 150 can be made short and thin, the above-mentioned cost does not occur.

在第1實施形態中，係以雙層管9構成浸泡在水槽150內的水W中的配管系La。 In the first embodiment, a double-layer pipe 9 is used to form a piping system La that is immersed in water W in the water tank 150.

如上述，在暖房運轉時，比重大的液相CO₂在雙層管9的內管91降下，而被投入有水槽150內的水所保有之熱量(氣化熱)並氣化後的氣相CO₂，係在雙層管9的外管92上昇，故屬於熱媒的CO₂在配管系La內循環時，不需外部動力。 As described above, during the operation of the greenhouse, the specific-phase liquid CO _{2 is} lowered in the inner tube 91 of the double tube 9, and the heat (gasification heat) retained by the water input into the water tank 150 and gasified The phase CO ₂ rises in the outer tube 92 of the double-layer pipe 9. Therefore, when the CO ₂ belonging to the heat medium circulates in the piping system La, no external power is required.

因而可減輕暖房時的運轉成本。 Therefore, the running cost during heating can be reduced.

圖14係顯示第1實施形態中的控制。 Fig. 14 shows the control in the first embodiment.

依據發明者的研究及實驗，清楚了解若從水槽150露出的配管系內的熱媒(CO₂)的溫度是5℃~40℃，最能提升暖房效率或冷房效率。 According to the research and experiments of the inventor, it is clearly understood that if the temperature of the heat medium (CO ₂ ) in the piping system exposed from the water tank 150 is 5 ° C. to 40 ° C., the efficiency of the heating room or the cooling room can be improved most.

在露出於蓄水設備的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度是比40℃還高溫的情況，於冷房時會導致熱交換效率降低。另一方面，在露出於蓄水設備的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度是比5℃還低溫的情況，前述配管系La內的熱媒之壓力成為低壓，在使屬熱媒的二氧化碳自然循環的情況，二氧化碳變得難以在配管系La內循環。 When the temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing in the area exposed to the water storage device is higher than 40 ° C, the heat exchange efficiency will be lowered in the cold room. On the other hand, when the temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing in the area exposed to the water storage device is lower than 5 ° C, the pressure of the heat medium in the piping system La becomes a low pressure, and when the carbon dioxide that is a heat medium is naturally circulated, CO2 becomes difficult to circulate in the piping system La.

從室外機1送至水槽150內的水W中之CO₂的溫度，係和其時間點中之CO₂的溫度(壓力)及系統整體中之熱媒CO₂的量相依存。 The temperature of CO ₂ in the water W sent from the outdoor unit 1 to the water tank 150 depends on the temperature (pressure) of the CO ₂ at that time and the amount of the heat medium CO ₂ in the entire system.

因此，圖14中係顯示以響應從室外機1送到水槽150內的水W中之CO₂的溫度(壓力)，且從水槽150露出的配管系內的熱媒(CO₂)的溫度可成為5℃~40℃的方式，控制系統整體之CO₂的量之構成。 Therefore, FIG. 14 shows that in response to the temperature (pressure) of CO ₂ in the water W sent from the outdoor unit 1 to the water tank 150, the temperature of the heat medium (CO ₂ ) in the piping system exposed from the water tank 150 may be The system has a structure of 5 ° C to 40 ° C and controls the amount of CO ₂ in the entire system.

圖14中，CO₂量係受到被介設在來自CO₂供給源10的第2熱媒管線(CO₂供給管線)Lc之流量調整閥Vc的開度、及被介設在連接於水槽150內的配管系La9的排出系統Le之放洩閥Va(具有作為流量調整閥的機能)的開度所控制。 In FIG. 14, the amount of CO _{2 is} determined by the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve Vc that is provided in the second heat medium line (CO ₂ supply line) Lc from the CO ₂ supply source 10 and is connected to the water tank 150. The internal piping is controlled by the opening degree of the discharge valve Va (having a function as a flow rate adjustment valve) of the discharge system Le of the discharge system Le9 of La9.

圖14中亦是，室外機1和水槽150內的配管系La9係利用配管La(La20，La30)構成封閉迴路。 Also in FIG. 14, the piping system La9 in the outdoor unit 1 and the water tank 150 forms a closed circuit by using the piping La (La20, La30).

此外，在圖14中，被浸泡在水槽150的水中之CO₂配管系La9並非由雙層管而是用單管構成，呈U字狀管。 In addition, in FIG. 14, the CO ₂ piping system La9 immersed in the water in the water tank 150 is not a double-layer pipe but a single pipe, and is U-shaped.

圖14中，配管La係以管線La20、管線La30構成。此外，管線La20係將連接部位Pa2和室外機1的連接口11連接，管線La30係將室外機1的連接口12和連接部位Pa3連接。換言之，在連接部位Pa2連接配管La20和配管La9，而在連接部位Pa3連接配管La9和配管La30。 In FIG. 14, the piping La is composed of a pipeline La20 and a pipeline La30. In addition, the pipeline La20 connects the connection site Pa2 and the connection port 11 of the outdoor unit 1, and the pipeline La30 connects the connection port 12 and the connection site Pa3 of the outdoor unit 1. In other words, the pipe La20 and the pipe La9 are connected at the connection site Pa2, and the pipe La9 and the pipe La30 are connected at the connection site Pa3.

管線La20係介設有放洩閥Va(流量調整閥)。 The line La20 is provided with a relief valve Va (flow adjustment valve).

又，管線La20中，在室外機1與放洩閥Va之間的區域連接有作為第2熱媒管線Lc的CO₂供給管線，CO₂供給管線係連通於CO₂供給源10。 In the line La20, a CO ₂ supply line as a second heat medium line Lc is connected to a region between the outdoor unit 1 and the drain valve Va, and the CO ₂ supply line is connected to the CO ₂ supply source 10.

CO₂供給管線介設有CO₂供給量調節閥Vc，透過控制CO₂供給量調節閥Vc的開度，以調節在配管系9a循環的CO₂之供給量。 The CO ₂ supply line is provided with a CO ₂ supply amount regulating valve Vc, and controls the opening degree of the CO ₂ supply amount regulating valve Vc to adjust the supply amount of CO ₂ circulating in the piping system _{9 a} .

管線La20中，在放洩閥Va與配管La9中的連接部位Pa2之間的區域，介設有溫度感測器6(或壓力感測器40)。 In the line La20, a temperature sensor 6 (or a pressure sensor 40) is interposed in a region between the drain valve Va and the connection portion Pa2 in the pipe La9.

在此，圖14中，溫度感測器6(或壓力感測器40)雖連接於管線La20，但實際的設備中，是介設在管線La20和管線La30中之屬熱媒的CO₂會從室外機1流出的那側的管線。 Here, in FIG. 14, although the temperature sensor 6 (or the pressure sensor 40) is connected to the pipeline La20, in actual equipment, CO _{2 which} is a heat medium interposed between the pipeline La20 and the pipeline La30 The pipeline on the side flowing from the outdoor unit 1.

此外，假設在暖房運轉和冷房運轉是切換屬熱媒的CO₂會流入室外機1那側的管線時，則以溫度感測器6(或壓力感測器4)被介設在管線La20與管線La30雙方者較佳。 In addition, it is assumed that in the warm room operation and the cold room operation, when the CO _{2 which} is a heat medium is switched and flows into the pipeline on the side of the outdoor unit 1, a temperature sensor 6 (or a pressure sensor 4) is interposed between the pipeline La20 and The pipeline La30 is better.

在圖14中，具備屬控制手段的控制單元50A。 In FIG. 14, the control unit 50A is provided as a control means.

控制單元50A係經由輸入信號線Si與溫度感測器6及壓力感測器40連接。 The control unit 50A is connected to the temperature sensor 6 and the pressure sensor 40 via an input signal line Si.

又控制單元50A係經由控制信號線So與放洩閥Va及CO₂供給量調節閥Vc連接。 The control unit 50A is connected to the relief valve Va and the CO ₂ supply amount regulating valve Vc via a control signal line So.

其次，主要參照圖15，且一併參照圖14並針對CO₂供給量的控制作說明。 Next, referring mainly to FIG. 15, and referring to FIG. 14 together, the control of the CO ₂ supply amount will be described.

圖15中，在步驟S11中，利用溫度感測器6計測流通於管線La20之CO₂(例如，若為暖房時則為液相CO₂)溫度，或利用壓力感測器40計測流通於管線La20之CO₂壓力(步驟S12)。 In FIG. 15, in step S11, the temperature of the CO ₂ (for example, liquid-phase CO _{2 in the case} of a greenhouse) is measured by the temperature sensor 6 or the pressure is measured by the pressure sensor 40. The CO ₂ pressure of La20 (step S12).

在步驟S13中，控制單元50A係決定放洩閥(流量調節閥)Va的開度。 In step S13, the control unit 50A determines the opening degree of the bleed valve (flow control valve) Va.

雖未明確地圖示，但在控制單元50A內記憶著預先決定之特性，亦即，流通於管線La20之CO₂溫度(或CO₂壓力)與從室外機1送至水槽150內的水中之熱媒的溫度會成為規定的溫度之熱媒CO₂量(以下，記載成「規定熱媒量」)之關係(特性)。 Although not explicitly illustrated, the control unit 50A stores predetermined characteristics, that is, the CO ₂ temperature (or CO ₂ pressure) flowing through the pipeline La20 and the water sent from the outdoor unit 1 to the water tank 150 The temperature of the heat medium becomes the relationship (characteristics) of the amount of CO ₂ of the heat medium (hereinafter, referred to as the “predetermined heat medium amount”) at a predetermined temperature.

又，控制單元50A係具有從在其時間點的放洩閥Va及CO₂供給量調節閥Vc的閥開度，求取在其時間點之循環於配管系9a的CO₂量(以下，記載成「CO₂循環量」)之機能。 In addition, the control unit 50A has a valve opening degree of the relief valve Va and the CO ₂ supply amount regulating valve Vc at the time point, and calculates the amount of CO ₂ circulating in the piping system 9a at the time point (hereinafter, described) Into the function of "CO ₂ circulation").

再者，控制單元50A係具有將在其時間點的CO₂循環量與用以設定在其時間點的規定熱媒量之放洩閥Va及CO₂供給量調節閥Vc的閥開度作比較，以決定放洩閥Va及CO₂供給量調節閥Vc的閥開度之機能。 In addition, the control unit 50A has a valve opening degree that compares the amount of CO ₂ circulation at the time point with the valve opening degree of the bleed valve Va and the CO ₂ supply amount regulating valve Vc for setting a predetermined amount of heat medium at the time point. In order to determine the function of the valve opening degree of the relief valve Va and the CO ₂ supply amount regulating valve Vc.

在其次的步驟S14中，控制單元50A係從在其時間點的放洩閥Va及CO₂供給量調節閥Vc的閥開度來求取CO₂循環量，再與規定熱媒量作比較以判斷是否適當。 In the next step S14, the control unit 50A obtains the CO ₂ circulation amount from the valve openings of the bleed valve Va and the CO ₂ supply amount adjustment valve Vc at the time points, and compares the amount with the prescribed heat medium amount to Determine whether it is appropriate.

若CO₂循環量適當(步驟S14為「是」)，則將放洩閥Va及CO₂供給量調節閥Vc的閥開度維持原樣(步驟S15)，且進到步驟S18。 If the CO ₂ circulation amount is appropriate (YES in step S14), the valve openings of the bleed valve Va and the CO ₂ supply amount adjustment valve Vc are maintained as they are (step S15), and the process proceeds to step S18.

若CO₂循環量過大(步驟S14是「大」)，則減少CO₂供給量調整閥Vc的閥開度，及/或，使放洩閥Va的閥開度增加(步驟S16)。然後進到步驟S18。 If the amount of CO ₂ circulation is excessively large (step S14 is “large”), the valve opening degree of the CO ₂ supply amount adjusting valve Vc is decreased, and / or the valve opening degree of the relief valve Va is increased (step S16). Then, the process proceeds to step S18.

若CO₂循環量過小(步驟S14是「小」)，則增加CO₂供給量調節閥Vc的閥開度，及/或，使放洩閥Va的閥開度減少(步驟S17)。然後進到步驟S18。 If the CO ₂ circulation amount is too small ("Small" in step S14), the valve opening degree of the CO ₂ supply amount regulating valve Vc is increased, and / or the valve opening degree of the relief valve Va is decreased (step S17). Then, the process proceeds to step S18.

在步驟S18，判斷是否要結束系統之運轉。 In step S18, it is determined whether the operation of the system is to be ended.

若是要結束系統的運轉(步驟S18為「是」)則結束控制。 If the operation of the system is to be terminated (YES in step S18), the control is terminated.

若是繼續進行系統運轉(步驟S18為「否」)，則返回到步驟S11，重複步驟S11以後的步驟。 If the system operation is continued (NO in step S18), the process returns to step S11, and the steps subsequent to step S11 are repeated.

圖14、圖15中之其他的構成及作用效果係與參照圖1~圖13所說明者相同。 The other structures and effects in FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 are the same as those described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 13.

第1實施形態中，參照實驗例並如同後面所述及，在進行冷房運轉的情況，在配管系La的要朝水槽150進入的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度(在圖26(A)、圖28中標繪「O」所示之溫度：圖4中以溫度感測器7計測的溫度)與水槽150內的水溫(圖26(A)，圖28中以虛線的特性曲線表示的溫度；圖4中以溫度感測器TW1計測的溫度)之溫度差設為60℃以下。 In the first embodiment, the temperature of carbon dioxide flowing in the area where the piping system La is to enter into the water tank 150 (refer to FIG. 26 (A), FIG. 28) when the cold room operation is performed with reference to the experimental example as described later. The temperature indicated by "O" is plotted in FIG. 4: the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 7 in FIG. 4) and the temperature of the water in the water tank 150 (FIG. 26 (A), and the temperature indicated by the characteristic curve in dotted lines in FIG. 28); The temperature difference between the temperature measured by the temperature sensor TW1 in 4) is 60 ° C or lower.

另一方面，在進行暖房運轉的情況，係將水槽150內的水溫(圖27(A)中以虛線的特性曲線表示的溫度：圖3中以溫度感測器TW1計測的溫度)與在配管系La的要朝水槽150進入的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度(在圖27(A)中標繪「O」所示之溫度；圖3中以溫度感測器6計測的溫度)之溫度差設成30℃以下。 On the other hand, in the case of a greenhouse operation, the temperature of the water in the water tank 150 (the temperature shown by the characteristic curve shown by the dashed line in FIG. 27 (A): the temperature measured by the temperature sensor TW1 in FIG. 3) and The temperature difference between the temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing from the piping area to the area where the water tank 150 enters (the temperature indicated by "O" is plotted in Fig. 27 (A); the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 6 in Fig. 3) is set. 30 ° C or lower.

在此，如同參照圖14、圖15所作的說明，從室外機1送至水槽150之CO₂的溫度(在圖26(A)、圖 27(A)、圖28中標繪「O」所示之溫度)係與在其時間點之CO₂的溫度(壓力)及系統整體中之熱媒CO₂的量相依存。 Here, as described with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15, the temperature of CO ₂ sent from the outdoor unit 1 to the water tank 150 is indicated by “O” in FIGS. 26 (A), 27 (A), and 28. the temperature) in the system and the amount of temperature-dependent phase (pressure) which is the time point of CO ₂ and the heat medium in the entire system of CO _2.

因此，為了控制水槽1內的水溫(以溫度感測器TW1計測的溫度)與在配管La的要朝水槽1進入的區域流通之CO₂的溫度(溫度感測器6、7在配管La的要朝進入水槽1的區域側所計測之溫度)之溫度差，只要調整系統100整體之CO₂的量即可。 Therefore, in order to control the temperature of the water in the water tank 1 (the temperature measured by the temperature sensor TW1) and the temperature of the CO ₂ flowing in the area of the pipe La which is going to enter the water tank 1 (the temperature sensors 6, 7 are in the pipe La It is only necessary to adjust the amount of CO ₂ in the entire system 100 for the temperature difference of the temperature measured toward the side of the area where the water tank 1 enters.

有關第1實施形態，在要進行冷房運轉的情況，將在配管系La的要朝水槽150進入的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度與水槽150內的水溫之溫度差設成60℃以下，而在要進行暖房運轉的情況，將水槽150內的水溫與在配管系La的要朝水槽150進入的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度之溫度差設成30℃以下，有關調整系統100整體之CO₂的量之控制，茲參照圖29、圖30作說明。 Regarding the first embodiment, when the cold room operation is to be performed, the temperature difference between the temperature of carbon dioxide flowing in the area of the piping system La entering the water tank 150 and the temperature of the water in the water tank 150 is set to 60 ° C or less, and to a case where the heating operation of the temperature of the water in the water tank 150 to the flow of the piping system La region to toward the tank 150 into the carbon dioxide difference is set to less 30 ℃, about the adjustment system 100 as a whole of CO ₂ The control of the amount will be described with reference to FIGS. 29 and 30.

圖29中，為調整系統100整體之CO₂的量，只要控制來自CO₂供給源10的CO₂供給量與經由連接在配管La的排出系統Le所排出的CO₂量(CO₂排出量)即可。 FIG 29, for the adjustment system 100 as a whole the amount of CO _{2 while} the control ₂ is supplied amount of CO from a CO ₂ supply source 10 and via the amount of CO ₂ is connected to the piping La of the discharge system Le discharged (CO ₂ emission) Just fine.

此外，為了控制來自CO₂供給源的CO₂供給量，例如，只要在連通C0₂供給源和配管La的配管系介設流量調整閥Vc，控制該流量調整閥的閥開度即可。又，為了控制CO₂排出量，例如，只要在排出系統Le介設放洩閥Va，控制該放洩閥的閥開度即可。 In addition, in order to control the supply amount of CO ₂ from the CO ₂ supply source, for example, a piping system connecting the C ₂ supply source and the pipe La may be provided with a flow rate adjustment valve Vc, and the valve opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve may be controlled. In addition, in order to control the amount of CO ₂ discharged, for example, a discharge valve Va may be provided in the discharge system Le, and the valve opening degree of the discharge valve may be controlled.

亦即，於冷房運轉時，以溫度感測器7計測在配管系La的要朝水槽150進入的區域La30流通之二 氧化碳的溫度(在圖26(A)、圖28中標繪「O」所示之溫度)，以溫度感測器TW1計測水槽150內的水溫(圖26(A)、圖28中以虛線的特性曲線表示的溫度)，並將溫度感測器7、TW1之計測結果送至控制單元50B，且以記憶在控制單元50B內的特性圖、特性式及圖表等，使溫度感測器7、TW1的計測結果中之溫度差可成為60℃以下的方式，調整CO₂供給量和CO₂排出量。 That is, during the operation of the cold room, the temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing in the area La30 of the piping system La to enter the water tank 150 is measured by the temperature sensor 7 (indicated by "O" in FIGS. 26 (A) and 28). Temperature), the temperature of the water in the water tank 150 is measured by the temperature sensor TW1 (the temperature indicated by the dotted curve in FIG. 26 (A) and FIG. 28), and the measurement results of the temperature sensor 7 and TW1 are sent To the control unit 50B, and adjust the CO ₂ supply in such a way that the temperature difference in the measurement results of the temperature sensor 7 and TW1 becomes 60 ° C or lower by using the characteristic diagram, characteristic formula and chart stored in the control unit 50B. And CO ₂ emissions.

另一方面，於暖房運轉時，以溫度感測器TW1計測水槽150內的水溫(圖27(A)中以虛線的特性曲線表示的溫度)，以溫度感測器6計測在配管系La的要朝水槽150進入的區域La20流通之二氧化碳的溫度(在圖27(A)中標繪「O」所示之溫度)，並將溫度感測器TW1、6之計測結果送至控制單元50B，且以記憶在控制單元50B內的特性圖、特性式及圖表等，使溫度感測器6、TW1的計測結果中之溫度差可成為30℃以下的方式，調整CO₂供給量和CO₂排出量。 On the other hand, when the greenhouse is operating, the temperature of the water in the water tank 150 is measured by the temperature sensor TW1 (the temperature indicated by the dotted curve in FIG. 27 (A)), and the temperature of the piping system La is measured by the temperature sensor 6. Temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing to the area La20 which enters the water tank 150 (the temperature indicated by “O” is plotted in FIG. 27 (A)), and the measurement results of the temperature sensors TW1 and 6 are sent to the control unit 50B. In addition, the CO ₂ supply amount and CO ₂ emission are adjusted so that the temperature difference in the measurement results of the temperature sensor 6 and TW1 becomes 30 ° C or lower by using the characteristic diagram, characteristic formula, and chart stored in the control unit 50B. the amount.

有關CO₂供給量和CO₂排出量之調整，主要依據圖30並參照圖29作說明。 The adjustment of the CO ₂ supply amount and the CO ₂ discharge amount will be described mainly with reference to FIG. 30 and with reference to FIG. 29.

在圖30中的步驟S11A中，於冷房運轉時，利用溫度感測器7、TW1計測CO₂溫度或水槽150內的水溫，而於暖房運轉時，利用溫度感測器TW1、6計測水槽150內的水溫或CO₂溫度。 In step S11A in FIG. 30, during the cold room operation, the temperature sensor 7 and TW1 are used to measure the CO ₂ temperature or the water temperature in the water tank 150, and during the warm room operation, the temperature sensors TW1 and 6 are used to measure the water tank. Water temperature or CO ₂ temperature within 150.

接著，在步驟S13A中，於冷房運轉時依據利用溫度感測器7、TW1計測之溫度的溫度差，而於暖房運轉時依據利用溫度感測器TW1、6計測之溫度的溫度差， 利用控制單元50B決定系統100整體之CO₂的量，或放洩閥Va及CO₂供給量調節閥Vc的閥開度。在此同時，利用控制單元50B，從在其時間點(控制周期)之放洩閥Va及CO₂供給量調節閥Vc的閥開度，決定在其時間點(控制周期)之系統100整體之CO₂的量(以下，記載成「CO₂循環量」)。 Next, in step S13A, the temperature difference based on the temperature measured by the temperature sensors 7 and TW1 during the cold room operation and the temperature difference based on the temperature measured by the temperature sensors TW1 and 6 during the cold room operation are used to control The unit 50B determines the amount of CO ₂ in the entire system 100 or the valve opening degree of the relief valve Va and the CO ₂ supply amount regulating valve Vc. At the same time, using the control unit 50B, the valve opening degree of the relief valve Va and the CO ₂ supply amount regulating valve Vc at the time point (control cycle) is used to determine the overall system 100 at the time point (control cycle). Amount of CO ₂ (hereinafter referred to as "CO ₂ circulation amount").

在步驟S14A中，控制單元50B係將在該時間點的CO₂循環量與設定前述溫度差(冷房時60℃以下，暖房時30℃以下)所需之規定CO₂循環量與該時間點(控制周期)的CO₂循環量作比較。 In step S14A, the control unit 50B based the (below 60 ℃, during the heating below 30 ℃ cold room) of the desired of a predetermined _circulating amount of CO and at the time point the CO ₂ cycle and the setting the temperature difference between the time point ( control cycle) comparing the amount of CO ₂ cycle.

若CO₂循環量適當(步驟S14A為「是」)，則將放洩閥Va及CO₂供給量調節閥Vc的閥開度維持原樣(步驟S15A)，並進到步驟S18A。 If the CO ₂ circulation amount is appropriate (YES in step S14A), the valve openings of the bleed valve Va and the CO ₂ supply amount adjustment valve Vc are maintained as they are (step S15A), and the process proceeds to step S18A.

若CO₂循環量過大(步驟S14A是「大」)，則減少CO₂供給量調節閥Vc的閥開度，及/或，使放洩閥Va的閥開度增加(步驟S16A)。然後進到步驟S18A。 If the amount of CO ₂ circulation is excessively large (step S14A is “large”), the valve opening degree of the CO ₂ supply amount regulating valve Vc is decreased, and / or the valve opening degree of the relief valve Va is increased (step S16A). Then, the process proceeds to step S18A.

若CO₂循環量過小(步驟S14A是「小」)，則增加CO₂供給量調節閥Vc的閥開度，及/或，使放洩閥Va的閥開度減少(步驟S17A)。然後進到步驟S18A。 If the amount of CO ₂ circulation is too small (“Small” in step S14A), the valve opening degree of the CO ₂ supply amount regulating valve Vc is increased, and / or the valve opening degree of the relief valve Va is decreased (step S17A). Then, the process proceeds to step S18A.

接著，在步驟S18，判斷是否要結束系統之運轉，若是，則結束繼續進行系統之運轉(步驟S18為「否」)，則重複步驟S11以後的步驟。 Next, in step S18, it is determined whether the operation of the system is to be ended, and if it is, the operation of the system is ended to continue (NO in step S18), and the steps subsequent to step S11 are repeated.

透過參照圖29、圖30所說明的控制，調整系統100的CO₂循環量，可維持前述溫度差(冷房時60℃以下，暖房時30℃以下)。 Through the control described with reference to FIG. 29 and FIG. 30, the CO ₂ circulation amount of the system 100 is adjusted to maintain the aforementioned temperature difference (60 ° C. or lower in a cold room and 30 ° C. or lower in a warm room).

圖29、圖30中之其他的構成及作用效果係和參照圖1~圖15所說明的相同。 The other structures, functions, and effects in FIGS. 29 and 30 are the same as those described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 15.

圖16係顯示第1實施形態的變形例。 FIG. 16 shows a modification of the first embodiment.

在圖1~圖14中，於第1熱媒管線Lb，隔著室內機2僅(熱性)連接作為熱負載的空調負載(介設有空調機3的第2熱媒管線Lc)。 In FIGS. 1 to 14, only the air-conditioning load (the second heat-medium line Lc through which the air-conditioner 3 is interposed) is connected to the first heat-medium line Lb via the indoor unit 2 (thermally) as a heat load.

相對地，在圖16中，於第1熱媒管線Lb，亦(熱性)連接作為熱負載的熱水供給負載8。 In contrast, in FIG. 16, a hot water supply load 8 as a heat load is also (thermally) connected to the first heat medium line Lb.

圖16中，在連接第1熱媒管線Lb中的四通閥V4的通口Vp2與室內機2的連接口21之管線Lb2，介設有熱水供給負載(例如熱水器)8。 In FIG. 16, a hot water supply load (for example, a water heater) 8 is interposed in a line Lb2 that connects the port Vp2 of the four-way valve V4 in the first heat medium line Lb and the connection port 21 of the indoor unit 2.

熱水器8的熱水供給係藉由和圖3所說明的第1實施形態之暖房運轉同樣之暖房運轉而進行。 The hot water supply of the water heater 8 is performed by a greenhouse operation similar to the greenhouse operation of the first embodiment described with reference to FIG. 3.

此外，雖未圖示，但亦可省略空調負載，僅設置熱水供給負載8。 Although not shown, the air-conditioning load may be omitted and only the hot-water supply load 8 may be provided.

圖16的變形例中之其他的構成及作用效果係與圖1~圖15的實施形態相同。 The other structures and effects of the modification of FIG. 16 are the same as those of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 15.

除此之外，雖未圖示，但省略四通閥V4、水槽150內的管線La1、La4、泵5，可將圖1~圖15的第1實施形態作成僅進行暖房運轉的系統。 In addition, although not shown, the four-way valve V4, the pipelines La1, La4, and the pump 5 in the water tank 150 are omitted, and the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 15 can be configured as a system that performs only a greenhouse operation.

即使在那情況中，如圖16的變形例，可併設熱水供給負載和空調負載，或僅設置熱水供給負載。 Even in that case, as in the modification of FIG. 16, a hot water supply load and an air conditioning load may be provided in parallel, or only the hot water supply load may be provided.

圖17係表示本發明的第2實施形態。 Fig. 17 shows a second embodiment of the present invention.

在第1實施形態中，將水槽150內的水W與屬熱媒的CO₂的氣化熱(或凝結熱)進行熱交換用的CO₂配管係僅設置單一系統。 In the first embodiment, only a single system is provided for the CO ₂ piping system for heat exchange between the water W in the water tank 150 and the heat of vaporization (or condensation) of CO ₂ , which is a heat medium.

但在圖17的第2實施形態中，將該CO₂配管分歧，設置雙系統，作成在雙系統各自中，屬熱媒的CO₂之氣化熱(或凝結熱)與水槽150內的水所保有的熱可進行熱交換。 However, in the second embodiment of FIG. 17, the CO ₂ piping is divided into two systems, and in each of the two systems, the heat of vaporization (or condensation heat) of CO ₂ , which is a heat medium, and the water in the water tank 150 are formed. The retained heat can be heat exchanged.

圖17中，循環於室外機1的CO₂配管La係在水槽150的上緣附近連接於雙層管9C。在雙層管9C的下端介設有三通閥V30。在三通閥V30分歧地連接有同一規格的雙層管9D、9D。而且，同一規格的雙層管9D、9D各自浸泡於水槽150的水W中。雙層管9D自體係與圖5~圖13所示者相同。 In FIG. 17, the CO ₂ pipe La circulating through the outdoor unit 1 is connected to the double pipe 9C near the upper edge of the water tank 150. A three-way valve V30 is provided at the lower end of the double pipe 9C. The three-way valve V30 is connected to the double-walled pipes 9D and 9D of the same specification in a divergent manner. The double-layer pipes 9D and 9D of the same specification are each immersed in the water W of the water tank 150. The double tube 9D self-system is the same as that shown in FIGS. 5 to 13.

在此，圖17中，以流通於雙層管9D之CO₂彼此的熱不相互影響的方式，或流通於雙層管9D之CO₂彼此不進行熱交換(流通於雙層管9D的CO₂彼此熱干涉)的方式，使分歧的配管9D、9D相互的距離，最少也需要相隔1m。 Here, in FIG. 17, the heat of CO ₂ flowing through the double pipe 9D does not affect each other, or the CO ₂ flowing through the double pipe 9D does not exchange heat with each other (CO flowing through the double pipe 9D). ₂ ), the distance between the diverging pipes 9D and 9D should be at least 1m apart.

依據上述的第2實施形態，由於將浸泡在水槽150的水W中之配管系9D設置在複數個系統，故能有效率地回收水槽150的水所保有之熱量，或將熱朝水槽150的水W排出。 According to the second embodiment described above, since the piping system 9D immersed in the water W of the water tank 150 is provided in a plurality of systems, the heat retained by the water in the water tank 150 can be efficiently recovered, or the heat directed toward the water tank 150 can be efficiently recovered. Water W is discharged.

圖17的第2實施形態中之其他的構成及作用效果係與圖1~圖16的第1實施形態相同。 The other structures and effects in the second embodiment of FIG. 17 are the same as those of the first embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 16.

圖18~圖21係顯示本發明的第3實施形態。 18 to 21 show a third embodiment of the present invention.

在圖1~圖17的實施形態中，CO₂配管系被浸泡在水槽150內的水W中，但圖18~圖21的第3實施形態係CO₂配管系被浸泡在蓄水池GH。 In the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 17, the CO ₂ piping system is immersed in the water W in the water tank 150, but the CO ₂ piping system of the third embodiment of FIGS. 18 to 21 is immersed in the reservoir GH.

圖18中，CO₂配管系La係連接於螺旋狀的雙層管9E。但是，亦可介設直線狀的雙層管9C，亦可將配管系La和螺旋狀的雙層管9E連接。 In FIG. 18, the CO ₂ piping system La system is connected to the spiral double-layer pipe 9E. However, a linear double pipe 9C may be interposed, and the piping system La may be connected to the spiral double pipe 9E.

為了使屬CO₂配管系的雙層管9E在蓄水池GH內呈螺旋形浸泡，能以可撓性良好的材料構成CO₂配管(雙層管9E)。然後，以螺旋形態朝蓄水池GH內***並作配置。 In order to immerse the double pipe 9E belonging to the CO ₂ piping system in a spiral shape in the reservoir GH, the CO ₂ pipe (double pipe 9E) can be made of a material having good flexibility. Then, it is inserted into the reservoir GH in a spiral shape and arranged.

或者，以形狀記憶合金構成CO₂配管(雙層管9E)，且讓該形狀記憶合金記憶著當蓄水池GH內的水中溫度成為5℃~40℃時會成為圖18所示的螺旋狀，且以螺旋形態朝蓄水池GH內作配置即可。 Alternatively, a CO ₂ piping (double-layer pipe 9E) is formed by a shape memory alloy, and the shape memory alloy is memorized to form a spiral shape as shown in FIG. 18 when the temperature of the water in the reservoir GH becomes 5 ° C to 40 ° C. It can be arranged in a spiral form toward the reservoir GH.

依據圖18~圖21的第3實施形態，由於在蓄水池GH內將配管系9E配置成螺旋形，所以圓周方向長度成為直徑的3倍，在充分確保CO₂和水之熱交換所需的長度之狀態，可將蓄水池GH的深度方向尺寸減少成習知的1/3左右。 According to the third embodiment of FIGS. 18 to 21, the piping system 9E is arranged in a spiral shape in the reservoir GH, so the length in the circumferential direction is three times the diameter, and it is necessary to sufficiently ensure the heat exchange between CO ₂ and water. The state of the length can reduce the depth dimension of the reservoir GH to about 1/3 of the conventional size.

此外，蓄水池GH的深度方向尺寸減少之結果，更加節省對系統施工所需之成本。 In addition, as a result of reducing the depth dimension of the reservoir GH, the cost required for system construction is further saved.

在此，為了不造成流通於螺旋形的配管系9E內的各部分之CO₂相互進行熱交換(流通於螺旋形的配管系9E內的各部分之CO₂的熱相互影響)，螺旋形之節距及直徑係以1m以上者較佳。 Here, in order not to cause piping system flows through the spiral-shaped portions within the 9E CO ₂ to each other by heat exchange (heat flow in a helical pipe line portions within the 9E CO ₂ affect each other), a spiral of The pitch and diameter are preferably 1 m or more.

圖19~圖21係顯示第3實施形態的施工順序。 19 to 21 show a construction procedure of the third embodiment.

當圖19~圖21的第3實施形態施工時，首先，如圖19所述，在土壤G挖掘豎坑，以強化材等被覆所挖掘之豎坑的內壁面，防止土壤崩落。藉以造出配置配管系9E用的蓄水池GH。然後，如圖20所示，於蓄水池GH內配置螺旋形的配管系9E。 When the third embodiment shown in FIGS. 19 to 21 is constructed, first, as shown in FIG. 19, a vertical pit is excavated in the soil G, and the inner wall surface of the vertical pit excavated is covered with a reinforcing material or the like to prevent the soil from falling. Thereby, a reservoir GH for piping system 9E is created. Then, as shown in FIG. 20, a spiral piping system 9E is arranged in the reservoir GH.

在此，螺旋形的配管系9E中的節距及直徑係1m以上且儘可能小者為佳。因為若節距及直徑為1m以下，則會導致流通於螺旋形的配管系9E內的各部分之CO₂相互進行熱交換(流通於螺旋形的配管系9E內的各部分之CO₂的熱相互影響)的緣故，且當螺旋形的配管系9E之節距及直徑大時，蓄水池GH的徑及深度必需要作大的緣故。 Here, the pitch and diameter of the spiral piping system 9E are preferably 1 m or more and as small as possible. Because if the pitch and diameter of 1m or less, will result in various parts of the circulation in the spiral piping system 9E CO ₂ by heat exchange (heat flowing through the spiral pipe line portions within the 9E CO ₂ mutually The influence of each other), and when the pitch and diameter of the spiral piping system 9E is large, the diameter and depth of the reservoir GH must be large.

在蓄水池GH內配置了螺旋形的配管系9E後，如圖21所示，將水W充填於蓄水池GH。 After the spiral piping system 9E is arranged in the reservoir GH, as shown in FIG. 21, water W is filled in the reservoir GH.

在此，水W可以是地下水。地下水的溫度水準係與土壤G的程度相同。 Here, the water W may be groundwater. The temperature level of groundwater is the same as that of soil G.

圖18~圖21的第3實施形態中之其他的構成及作用效果係與圖1~圖17的各實施形態相同。 Other structures and effects in the third embodiment of FIGS. 18 to 21 are the same as those of the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 17.

圖22係顯示本發明的第4實施形態。 Fig. 22 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

圖22的第4實施形態係相當於圖17的第2實施形態與圖18~圖21的第3實施形態之組合者。 The fourth embodiment of FIG. 22 corresponds to a combination of the second embodiment of FIG. 17 and the third embodiment of FIGS. 18 to 21.

圖22中，循環於室內機1的CO₂配管La被連接於雙層管9C。此外，在雙層管9C的下端介設有三通閥V30。 In FIG. 22, the CO ₂ pipe La circulating through the indoor unit 1 is connected to the double pipe 9C. In addition, a three-way valve V30 is provided at the lower end of the double pipe 9C.

從三通閥V30分歧地連接有浸泡於水中的雙層管9D與螺旋狀的雙層管9E。 From the three-way valve V30, a double pipe 9D immersed in water and a double pipe 9E in a spiral shape are connected.

雙層管9D的構成係與在第1實施形態之圖5~圖13所說明的構成相同，且使用方式同雙層管9C。另一方面，螺旋狀的雙層管9E係和圖18~圖21所示的第3實施形態之螺旋狀的雙層管9E相同。 The structure of the double pipe 9D is the same as the structure described in FIGS. 5 to 13 of the first embodiment, and the use method is the same as that of the double pipe 9C. On the other hand, the spiral double tube 9E is the same as the spiral double tube 9E of the third embodiment shown in Figs. 18 to 21.

依據圖22的第4實施形態，可比圖17~圖21的各實施形態更有效率地回收水槽150內的水所保有之熱量。 According to the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 22, the amount of heat held by the water in the water tank 150 can be recovered more efficiently than the embodiments shown in FIGS. 17 to 21.

圖22的第4實施形態中之其他的構成及作用效果係與圖1~圖21的各實施形態相同。 The other structures and effects in the fourth embodiment of FIG. 22 are the same as those of the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 21.

圖23係表示本發明的第5實施形態。 Fig. 23 shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

圖23的實施形態中，相較於圖22的第4實施形態，從三通閥3V分歧的雙層管皆成為螺旋狀的雙層管9E。 In the embodiment of FIG. 23, compared with the fourth embodiment of FIG. 22, the double-walled pipes diverging from the three-way valve 3V are all spiral double-walled pipes 9E.

在此，以螺旋形的雙層管(CO₂配管)9E彼此沒有熱干涉的方式，使最接近的部分，最少也需要相隔1m。 Here, the spiral double-layer pipe (CO ₂ piping) 9E does not have thermal interference with each other, so that the closest portions need to be separated by at least 1 m.

依據圖23的第5實施形態，可比圖22的第4實施形態更高效率地回收水槽150內的水所保有之熱量。 According to the fifth embodiment of FIG. 23, the heat retained by the water in the water tank 150 can be recovered more efficiently than the fourth embodiment of FIG. 22.

圖23的第5實施形態中之其他的構成及作用效果係與圖1~圖22的各實施形態相同。 The other structures and effects in the fifth embodiment of FIG. 23 are the same as those of the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 22.

圖24係顯示本發明的第6實施形態。 Fig. 24 shows a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

圖24的第6實施形態中，係和圖23的第5實施形態同樣地，從三通閥3V分歧的雙層管全都配置成螺旋形 ，但一方的螺旋狀雙層管9F則是配置成以在另一方的螺旋狀雙層管9E(和圖23的雙層管9E相同)之半徑方向外方包圍另一方的螺旋狀雙層管9E。 In the sixth embodiment of FIG. 24, the double-walled pipes branching from the three-way valve 3V are all arranged in a spiral shape in the same manner as the fifth embodiment of FIG. 23. However, one spiral double-layer tube 9F is arranged so as to surround the other spiral double-layer tube outside the radius of the other spiral double-layer tube 9E (same as the double-layer tube 9E in FIG. 23). 9E.

在此情況亦是，以螺旋形的雙層管(CO₂配管)9E、9F彼此沒有熱干涉的方式，使螺旋形的雙層管(CO₂配管)9E、9F在直徑方向最少是相隔1m。 In this case, the spiral double-layer pipes (CO ₂ piping) 9E and 9F are separated by at least 1 m in the diameter direction so that the spiral double-layer pipes (CO ₂ piping) 9E and 9F do not thermally interfere with each other. .

除此之外，2個螺旋形的雙層管9E、9F各自在上下方向(螺旋之節距方向)最少也需要相隔1m。 In addition, the two spiral double-layer pipes 9E and 9F need to be separated by at least 1 m in the vertical direction (the pitch direction of the spiral).

依據圖24的第6實施形態，其與圖23的第5實施形態相較下，較能縮小用以配置分歧的雙層管9E、9F之水平方向的空間，而且就算是將浸泡在水中的管9F之長度作短，亦能維持或增加水槽150內的水所保有之熱量的回收量。 According to the sixth embodiment of FIG. 24, compared with the fifth embodiment of FIG. 23, it is possible to reduce the horizontal space for disposing the double-layer pipes 9E, 9F that are divergent, and even if it is immersed in water, The short length of the tube 9F can also maintain or increase the amount of heat recovered by the water in the water tank 150.

圖24的第6實施形態中之其他的構成及作用效果係與圖1~圖23的各實施形態相同。 Other structures and effects in the sixth embodiment of FIG. 24 are the same as those of the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 23.

[實驗例] [Experimental example]

其次，參照圖25~圖28，針對本發明的實驗例作說明。 Next, an experimental example of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 25 to 28.

圖25係顯示在實驗例所使用之實驗裝置的概要。 Fig. 25 is a schematic diagram showing an experimental apparatus used in an experimental example.

圖25中，整體用符號500來表示的實驗裝置係具備：第1水槽150、熱泵HP、第2水槽200、連通於第1水槽150及熱泵HP之配管系LaE、及連通於熱泵HP及第2水槽200之配管系LcE。 In FIG. 25, the experimental device indicated by a reference numeral 500 as a whole includes a first water tank 150, a heat pump HP, a second water tank 200, a piping system LaE connected to the first water tank 150 and the heat pump HP, and a heat pump HP and a first water tank. The piping of the water tank 200 is LcE.

第2水槽200係被設置作為與在圖1等所示的空調機(亦包含溫水地板加溫設備等)3相當之熱負載。亦即，第2水槽200係表示熱負載。 The second water tank 200 is provided as a heat load equivalent to the air conditioner (including warm water floor heating equipment, etc.) 3 shown in FIG. 1 and the like. That is, the second water tank 200 indicates a heat load.

又，圖25中之熱泵HP係相當於在圖1等中具有室外機1、室內機2、空壓機4、減壓閥V3及四通閥V4的壓縮式空調機。 The heat pump HP in FIG. 25 corresponds to a compression type air conditioner including an outdoor unit 1, an indoor unit 2, an air compressor 4, a pressure reducing valve V3, and a four-way valve V4 in FIG. 1 and the like.

在配管系LaE內流通有屬熱媒的CO₂，在從熱泵HP朝向第1水槽150之配管系(參照箭頭Fa)中，介設有用以計測在其中流通之CO₂的溫度之溫度感測器Ts1。利用溫度感測器Ts1所計測的溫度係在圖26(A)、圖27(A)、圖28中標繪「O」來表示。 CO ₂ , which is a heat medium, flows through the piping system LaE, and a piping system (see arrow Fa) from the heat pump HP to the first water tank 150 is provided with a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the CO ₂ flowing through it.器 Ts1. The temperature measured by the temperature sensor Ts1 is indicated by "O" in FIGS. 26 (A), 27 (A), and 28.

在從第1水槽150朝向熱泵HP的配管系(參照箭頭Fb)上，介設有用以計測在其中流通之CO₂的溫度之溫度感測器Ts2。利用溫度感測器Ts2所計測的溫度在圖26(A)、圖27(A)、圖28中標繪「△」來表示。 A temperature sensor Ts2 for measuring the temperature of CO ₂ flowing through the piping system (see arrow Fb) from the first water tank 150 to the heat pump HP is interposed. The temperature measured by the temperature sensor Ts2 is indicated by "△" in FIGS. 26 (A), 27 (A), and 28.

在第1水槽150內設有用以計測其中所貯留的水的水溫之溫度感測器Ts3。利用溫度感測器Ts3所計測之水槽150內的水溫係在圖26(A)、圖27(A)、圖28中由虛線所示之特性線來表示。 The first water tank 150 is provided with a temperature sensor Ts3 for measuring the water temperature of the water stored therein. The water temperature in the water tank 150 measured by the temperature sensor Ts3 is indicated by a characteristic line shown by a dotted line in FIGS. 26 (A), 27 (A), and 28.

又，配管系LeE內亦流通有熱媒(例如，水)，在從熱泵HP朝向第2水槽200的配管系(參照箭頭Fc)上，介設有用以計測在其中流通之熱媒(水)的溫度之溫度感測器Ts4。溫度感測器Ts4所計測之溫度係在圖26(B)、圖27(B)中標繪「O」來表示。 A heat medium (for example, water) also flows through the piping system LeE, and a piping system (see arrow Fc) from the heat pump HP to the second water tank 200 is provided with a heat medium (water) for measuring the flow therethrough. The temperature of the temperature sensor Ts4. The temperature measured by the temperature sensor Ts4 is indicated by plotting "O" in FIGS. 26 (B) and 27 (B).

在從第2水槽200朝向熱泵HP的配管系(參照箭頭Fd)上，介設有用以計測在其中流通之熱媒(水)的溫度之溫度感測器Ts5。溫度感測器Ts5所計測之溫度在圖26(B)、圖27(B)中標繪「△」來表示。 A piping system (see arrow Fd) from the second water tank 200 to the heat pump HP is provided with a temperature sensor Ts5 for measuring the temperature of the heat medium (water) flowing through it. The temperature measured by the temperature sensor Ts5 is indicated by "△" in Figs. 26 (B) and 27 (B).

在實驗例中，運轉圖25所示之實驗裝置，求取利用溫度感測器Ts1~Ts5所計測之溫度，求取從實驗裝置運轉開始起算的經過時間與所計測的溫度之特性。 In the experimental example, the experimental apparatus shown in FIG. 25 was operated to obtain the temperature measured by the temperature sensors Ts1 to Ts5, and the characteristics of the elapsed time and the measured temperature from the start of the operation of the experimental apparatus were obtained.

在圖26(A)~(C)、圖27(A)~(C)、圖28中，顯示那樣的經過時間-溫度特性之特性曲線。 Figs. 26 (A) to (C), Figs. 27 (A) to (C), and Fig. 28 show characteristic curves of such elapsed time-temperature characteristics.

圖26係顯示有關冷房運轉之實驗結果。 Figure 26 shows the results of experiments related to cold room operation.

圖26(A)係表示從熱泵HP出來並朝向第1水槽150之CO₂的溫度特性(溫度感測器Ts1的計測結果之時間特性：標繪「O」)、從第1水槽150出來並朝向熱泵HP之CO₂的溫度特性(溫度感測器Ts2的計測結果之時間特性：標繪「△」)、CO₂的凝結溫度(粗實線所示之特性)、CO₂的臨界點(細實線所示之特性)與水槽150內的溫度特性(利用溫度感測器Ts3計測之結果的時間特性：虛線所示之特性)。 FIG. 26 (A) shows the temperature characteristics of CO ₂ coming out of the heat pump HP toward the first water tank 150 (time characteristics of the measurement result of the temperature sensor Ts1: plotted as “O”), and coming out of the first water tank 150 and Temperature characteristics of CO ₂ toward the heat pump HP (time characteristics of the measurement result of the temperature sensor Ts2: plotted "△"), the condensation temperature of CO ₂ (the characteristic shown by the thick solid line), the critical point of CO ₂ ( The characteristics shown by the thin solid line) and the temperature characteristics in the water tank 150 (time characteristics as a result of measurement by the temperature sensor Ts3: characteristics shown by the dotted line).

圖26(B)係表示從熱泵HP朝向第2水槽200之熱媒(水)的溫度特性(溫度感測器Ts4的計測結果之時間特性：標繪「O」)與自第2水槽200返回熱泵HP的熱媒(水)的溫度特性(溫度感測器Ts5的計測結果之時間特性：標繪「△」)。 FIG. 26 (B) shows the temperature characteristics of the heat medium (water) from the heat pump HP to the second water tank 200 (time characteristics of the measurement result of the temperature sensor Ts4: plotted as "O") and the return from the second water tank 200 Temperature characteristic of the heat medium (water) of the heat pump HP (time characteristic of the measurement result of the temperature sensor Ts5: "△" is plotted).

圖26(C)係表示圖26(B)中從熱泵HP朝向第2水槽200之熱媒(水)的溫度(溫度感測器Ts4的計測結果：標繪「O」)與自第2水槽200返回熱泵HP的熱媒(水)之溫度(溫度感測器Ts5的計測結果：標繪「△」)之溫度差的特性，表示投入於第2水槽200的熱量或冷卻能力的特性。 FIG. 26 (C) shows the temperature of the heat medium (water) from the heat pump HP to the second water tank 200 in FIG. 26 (B) (measurement result of the temperature sensor Ts4: "O" is plotted) and from the second water tank The characteristic of the temperature difference of the temperature of the heat medium (water) returned to the heat pump HP at 200 (the measurement result of the temperature sensor Ts5: the plot "△") indicates the characteristics of the heat or cooling capacity input to the second water tank 200.

圖27係顯示有關暖房運轉之實驗結果。 Figure 27 shows the results of experiments on greenhouse operation.

圖27(A)、(B)的特性曲線與圖26(A)、(B)的特性曲線相同。 The characteristic curves of FIGS. 27 (A) and (B) are the same as those of FIGS. 26 (A) and (B).

圖27(C)係顯示暖房能力的特性。 Fig. 27 (C) shows the characteristics of the heating capacity.

在表示冷房運轉時的圖26(C)中，在經過時間(橫軸)是2分鐘以後的區域中，冷房能力(縱軸)非常高(22~23kW)。 In FIG. 26 (C) showing the cold room operation, in a region where the elapsed time (horizontal axis) is 2 minutes or less, the cold room capacity (vertical axis) is very high (22 to 23 kW).

在圖26(C)雖未明示，但在將直徑3英吋、長度50m的管埋設於地下以與地熱進行熱交換的情況中，在以和實驗例相同的條件計測冷房能力的情況，冷房能力是5kW。若與此數值比較，則可理解在實驗例中可獲得之冷房能力非常高。 Although not explicitly shown in FIG. 26 (C), when a pipe having a diameter of 3 inches and a length of 50 m is buried underground to perform heat exchange with geothermal heat, the cold room capacity is measured under the same conditions as in the experimental example. The capacity is 5kW. By comparing this value, it can be understood that the cooling room capacity obtained in the experimental example is very high.

同樣地，在表示暖房運轉時的圖27(C)中，在經過時間(橫軸)是超過30分鐘以後的區域中，暖房能力(縱軸)上昇到高的數值。 Similarly, in FIG. 27 (C) showing the greenhouse operation, in a region where the elapsed time (horizontal axis) is more than 30 minutes, the greenhouse capacity (vertical axis) rises to a high value.

在圖27(C)雖未明示，但發明者的實驗中，在將直徑3英吋、長度50m的管埋設於地下以與地熱進行熱交換的情況中，在以和實驗例相同的條件計測暖房能力的情況，暖房能力係5kW。 Although not explicitly shown in FIG. 27 (C), in the experiment of the inventor, when a pipe having a diameter of 3 inches and a length of 50 m was buried in the ground to perform heat exchange with geothermal heat, it was measured under the same conditions as the experimental example In terms of heating capacity, the heating capacity is 5kW.

圖27(C)中，在經過時間(橫軸)是超過30分鐘以後的區域中之暖房能力達到10kW附近，相較於和地熱進行熱交換的情況，暖房能力乃明顯提升。 In Figure 27 (C), the heating capacity in the area where the elapsed time (horizontal axis) is more than 30 minutes has reached around 10 kW. Compared with the case of heat exchange with geothermal heat, the heating capacity has been significantly improved.

在30分鐘前後的階段，在水槽150內流通之CO₂的溫度昇溫到臨界點附近，由於CO₂的比熱上昇使熱交換效率提升，故推定暖房能力亦被提升。 At the stage of about 30 minutes, the temperature of the CO ₂ flowing in the water tank 150 is raised to a point near the critical point. As the specific heat of the CO ₂ rises and the heat exchange efficiency is improved, the estimated greenhouse capacity is also improved.

從圖26(C)、圖27(C)清楚明白，依據本發明，會提升熱交換效率，其結果，冷房能力和暖房能力會提升。 It is clear from FIG. 26 (C) and FIG. 27 (C) that according to the present invention, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, and as a result, the cold room capacity and the warm room capacity are improved.

在表示冷房運轉時的圖26(C)中，可見從實驗裝置運轉開始起算經過22分鐘左右，冷房能力降低的傾向。然後，時間經過54分鐘以後，冷房能力急劇降低。 In FIG. 26 (C) showing the cooling room operation, it can be seen that the cooling room capacity tends to decrease after about 22 minutes have passed from the start of the operation of the experimental device. Then, 54 minutes later, the cold room capacity decreased sharply.

從實驗裝置運轉開始起算經過22分鐘左右，在水槽150流通之CO₂的溫度成為比臨界點溫度還高溫，導致成為CO₂的比熱減少的區域，推定熱交換效率會降低。此外，推定從實驗裝置運轉開始起算經過54分鐘後，在水槽150流通之CO₂的溫度再昇溫，比熱會顯著減少。 After about 22 minutes from the start of the operation of the experimental device, the temperature of CO ₂ flowing in the water tank 150 becomes higher than the critical point temperature, resulting in a region where the specific heat of CO ₂ decreases, and the estimated heat exchange efficiency will decrease. In addition, it is estimated that after 54 minutes have elapsed from the start of the operation of the experimental device, the temperature of the CO ₂ flowing through the water tank 150 is further increased, and the specific heat is significantly reduced.

在圖25所示的實驗裝置中，雖無法檢出在水槽150內流通的CO₂之溫度，但很顯然，當流入水槽150之CO₂的溫度(標繪「O」)與自水槽150流出之CO₂的溫度(標繪「△」)成為比臨界點溫度(圖26(A)的細實線)還高溫時，熱交換效率降低，冷房能力亦降低。 In the experimental apparatus shown in FIG. 25, although the temperature of CO ₂ flowing in the water tank 150 cannot be detected, it is clear that when the temperature of the CO ₂ flowing into the water tank 150 (marked “O”) and the flow out of the water tank 150 When the temperature of CO ₂ (marked "△") becomes higher than the critical point temperature (thin solid line in Fig. 26 (A)), the heat exchange efficiency decreases and the cold room capacity also decreases.

另一方面，在表示暖房運轉時的圖27(A)中，即使經過60分鐘，流入水槽150之CO₂的溫度(標繪「O」)與自水槽150流出之CO₂的溫度(標繪「△」)都不會自臨界點溫度(圖27(A)的細實線)分離。因此，可理解在水槽150內流通之CO₂的溫度亦不會自臨界點溫度偏離。 On the other hand, in FIG. 27 (A) showing the operation of the greenhouse, the temperature of the CO ₂ flowing into the water tank 150 (shown as "O") and the temperature of the CO ₂ flowing out of the water tank 150 (shown as plotted) even after 60 minutes have elapsed. "△") does not separate from the critical point temperature (thin solid line in Fig. 27 (A)). Therefore, it can be understood that the temperature of the CO ₂ flowing in the water tank 150 does not deviate from the critical point temperature.

為此，在圖27(C)中，CO₂的熱交換效率未降低，推定暖房能力即使經過60分鐘還是維持高效能。 For this reason, in FIG. 27 (C), the heat exchange efficiency of CO ₂ is not reduced, and it is estimated that the high-performance room maintains high efficiency even after 60 minutes have passed.

由圖26、圖27可清楚明白，若從水槽150流出之CO₂的溫度(標繪「△」)是40℃以下，則實驗裝置中的冷房能力、暖房能力不會降低。 It is clear from FIG. 26 and FIG. 27 that if the temperature of CO ₂ flowing out of the water tank 150 (the plot is “Δ”) is 40 ° C. or lower, the cold room capacity and warm room capacity in the experimental device will not decrease.

雖未圖示，但在流入水槽150之CO₂的溫度與自水槽150流出之CO₂的溫度比起臨界點溫度過於低溫之情況(5℃以下)，從採用圖25所示的實驗裝置之實驗可明白在CO₂自然循環的情況中，冷房能力、暖房能力會降低。 Although not shown, when the temperature of the CO ₂ flowing into the water tank 150 and the temperature of the CO ₂ flowing out of the water tank 150 are too low compared to the critical point temperature (5 ° C or lower), the temperature of the test apparatus shown in FIG. 25 is used. Experiments show that in the case of natural CO ₂ circulation, cold room capacity and warm room capacity will decrease.

推定此乃起因於配管系LaE內的熱媒之壓力變低壓，致使配管系LaE中的熱媒(CO₂)之循環效率降低。 It is presumed that this is because the pressure of the heat medium in the piping system LaE becomes low, and the circulation efficiency of the heat medium (CO ₂ ) in the piping system LaE is reduced.

圖28係顯示屬冷房運轉時的實驗且為與圖26的運轉條件不同之實驗結果。換言之，圖28係和圖26(A)同樣的特性圖。 FIG. 28 shows the results of experiments performed during cold room operation and different from the operating conditions of FIG. 26. In other words, FIG. 28 is a characteristic diagram similar to FIG. 26 (A).

如圖28所述，在冷房運轉時，水槽150內的水溫(圖28中以虛線的特性曲線表示)與流入水槽150內之CO₂的溫度(標繪「O」)之溫度差△成為60℃以下。 As shown in FIG. 28, when the cold room is operated, the temperature difference Δ between the water temperature in the water tank 150 (indicated by the dotted curve in FIG. 28) and the temperature of the CO ₂ flowing into the water tank 150 (marked "O") becomes Below 60 ° C.

在圖28雖未明示，但依據發明者的實驗，確認了在冷房運轉時，水槽150內的水溫(圖28中以虛線的特性曲線表示)與流入水槽150內之CO₂的溫度(標繪「O」)之溫度差△一超過60℃時，暖房能力會降低。 Although not explicitly shown in FIG. 28, according to the inventor's experiments, the temperature of the water in the water tank 150 (indicated by the dotted curve in FIG. 28) and the temperature of the CO ₂ flowing into the water tank 150 (standard When the temperature difference △ ("O") exceeds 60 ° C, the heating capacity will decrease.

其結果，確認了在進行冷房運轉的情況，應將在配管系(La、9)的要朝蓄水設備(150、GH)進入的區域流通之CO₂的溫度(在圖26(A)、圖28中標繪「O」所示之溫度：圖4中以溫度感測器7計測的溫度)與蓄水設備(150、GH)內的水溫(圖26(A)、圖28中以虛線的特性曲線表 示的溫度：圖4中以溫度感測器TW1計測的溫度)之溫度差設定為60℃以下。 As a result, it was confirmed that the temperature of CO ₂ flowing in the area where the piping system (La, 9) is to be entered into the water storage equipment (150, GH) during the cooling room operation (see Fig. 26 (A), The temperature indicated by "O" is plotted in Fig. 28: the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 7 in Fig. 4) and the water temperature in the water storage device (150, GH) (Fig. 26 (A), dotted line in Fig. 28 The temperature indicated by the characteristic curve: The temperature difference (temperature measured by the temperature sensor TW1) in FIG. 4 is set to 60 ° C or lower.

圖27(A)中，在暖房運轉時，水槽150內的水溫(圖27(A)中以虛線的特性曲線表示)與流入水槽150內之CO₂的溫度(標繪「O」)之溫度差△成為30℃以下。 In FIG. 27 (A), when the greenhouse is operating, the temperature of the water in the water tank 150 (indicated by the dotted curve in FIG. 27 (A)) and the temperature of the CO ₂ flowing into the water tank 150 ("O" is plotted). The temperature difference Δ is 30 ° C or lower.

在圖27雖未明示，但依據發明者的實驗，確認了在暖房運轉時，水槽150內的水溫(圖27(A)中以虛線的特性曲線表示)與流入水槽150內之CO₂的溫度(標繪「O」)之溫度差△(參照圖27(A))一超過30℃時，暖房能力會降低。 Although not explicitly shown in FIG. 27, according to the inventor's experiments, the temperature of the water in the water tank 150 (indicated by the dotted curve in FIG. 27 (A)) and the CO ₂ flowing into the water tank 150 were confirmed during the operation of the greenhouse. When the temperature difference Δ (see FIG. 27 (A)) of the temperature (marked "O") exceeds 30 ° C, the heating capacity is reduced.

其結果，在進行暖房運轉的情況，蓄水設備(150、GH)內的水溫(圖27(A)中以虛線的特性曲線表示的溫度：圖3中以溫度感測器TW1計測的溫度)與在配管系(La、9)的要朝蓄水設備(150、GH)進入的區域流通之CO₂的溫度(在圖27(A)標繪「O」所示之溫度：圖3中以溫度感測器6計測的溫度)的溫度差應為30℃以下。 As a result, the temperature of the water in the water storage device (150, GH) (temperature indicated by the characteristic curve of the dashed line in FIG. 27 (A) when the greenhouse operation is performed: the temperature measured by the temperature sensor TW1 in FIG. 3 ) And the temperature of CO ₂ flowing in the area of the piping system (La, 9) to enter the water storage equipment (150, GH) (the temperature shown by "O" is plotted in Fig. 27 (A): Fig. 3 The temperature difference of the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 6 should be 30 ° C or less.

在此附帶說明，圖示的實施形態畢竟僅為例示，並非用以限定本發明的技術範圍之旨趣的描述。 Incidentally, the illustrated embodiment is merely an example, and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention.

在圖示的實施形態中，作為蓄水設備是例示水槽150或蓄水池GH，但作為蓄水設備，亦可以是具有能浸泡供熱媒流通的配管系之程度的水深之暗渠或溝(或明渠)。 In the illustrated embodiment, the water storage device is exemplified by the water tank 150 or the water storage tank GH. However, the water storage device may be an underdrain or a trench having a depth of water capable of soaking the piping system for the heating medium to flow. Or open channel).

Claims (4)

一種熱交換系統，其特徵為具備：蓄水設備(150、GH)；配管系(La)，浸泡在該蓄水設備(150、GH)的水中且具有和該蓄水設備(150、GH)中的水進行熱交換之機能；連接於前述配管系(La)的室外機(1)；介設有該室外機(1)、室內機(2)、空壓機(4)及四通閥(V4)的第1熱媒管線(Lb)；及連接該室內機(2)和空調機(3)的第2熱媒管線(Lc)；其中在前述配管系(La)的內部流通的熱媒為二氧化碳，於浸泡在前述配管系(La)的水中之區域設有泵(5)，該泵(5)的吐出口(5o)經由第1管線(La1)連接於第1閥(V1)，該第1閥(V1)經由第2管線(La2)連接於前述室外機(1)的一連接口(11)，前述室外機(1)的另一連接口(12)經由第3管線(La3)和第2閥(V2)連接，前述泵(5)與第1及第2閥(V1、V2)浸泡在前述蓄水設備(150、GH)的水中，前述第2管線(La2)中的第1閥(V1)近旁與前述第3管線(La3)中的第2閥(V2)近旁係用支流管線(La5)連接，該支流管線(La5)係具備將前述第1及第2閥(V1、V2)和前述泵(5)旁通，控制前述空壓機(4)和前述泵(5)與前述第1及第2閥(V1、V2)以切換冷房/暖房的控制單元(50)，該控制單元(50)係具有於暖房時閉鎖第1及第2閥(V1、V2)將泵(5)停止，於冷房時開放第1及第2閥(V1、V2)使泵(5)作動之機能，在前述配管系(La)介設有放洩閥(Va)與二氧化碳供給量調節閥(Vc)，具有控制單元(50A)，該控制單元(50A)具有：從放洩閥(Va)及二氧化碳供給量調節閥(Vc)的閥開度求出二氧化碳循環量之機能；將該二氧化碳循環量和規定量作比較以判斷是否適當之機能；若該二氧化碳循環量適當，則維持放洩閥(Va)及二氧化碳供給量調節閥(Vc)的閥開度，在前述二氧化碳循環量過多的情況，增加放洩閥(Va)的閥開度及/或減少二氧化碳供給量調節閥(Vc)的閥開度，在前述二氧化碳循環量過少的情況，減少放洩閥(Va)的閥開度及/或增加二氧化碳供給量調節閥(Vc)的閥開度之機能。A heat exchange system, comprising: a water storage device (150, GH); a piping system (La); immersed in the water of the water storage device (150, GH); and a water storage device (150, GH) The function of heat exchange in the water; the outdoor unit (1) connected to the aforementioned piping system (La); the outdoor unit (1), the indoor unit (2), the air compressor (4) and the four-way valve are interposed (V4) the first heat medium line (Lb); and the second heat medium line (Lc) connecting the indoor unit (2) and the air conditioner (3); wherein the heat flowing through the inside of the piping system (La) The medium is carbon dioxide, and a pump (5) is provided in an area immersed in the water of the piping system (La). The outlet (5o) of the pump (5) is connected to the first valve (V1) through the first line (La1). The first valve (V1) is connected to a connection port (11) of the outdoor unit (1) through a second line (La2), and the other connection port (12) of the outdoor unit (1) is connected through a third line (La3). Connected to the second valve (V2), the pump (5) and the first and second valves (V1, V2) are immersed in the water of the water storage device (150, GH), and the first in the second pipeline (La2) The near side of the first valve (V1) and the second valve (V2) in the third line (La3) are connected by a branch line (La5). Line (La5) is provided by bypassing the first and second valves (V1, V2) and the pump (5), and controlling the air compressor (4), the pump (5), and the first and second valves. (V1, V2) A control unit (50) for switching between a cold room and a warm room. The control unit (50) has a first valve and a second valve (V1, V2) which are locked during a warm room and the pump (5) is stopped. The first and second valves (V1, V2) are opened to operate the pump (5). The piping system (La) is provided with a relief valve (Va) and a carbon dioxide supply amount regulating valve (Vc), and has a control unit. (50A), the control unit (50A) has the function of determining the amount of carbon dioxide circulation from the valve openings of the bleed valve (Va) and the carbon dioxide supply amount regulating valve (Vc); and comparing the amount of carbon dioxide circulation with a predetermined amount In order to determine whether the function is appropriate; if the amount of carbon dioxide circulation is appropriate, maintain the valve openings of the bleed valve (Va) and the carbon dioxide supply amount regulating valve (Vc), and increase the bleed valve ( Va) valve opening degree and / or reducing the valve opening degree of the carbon dioxide supply amount regulating valve (Vc), in the case where the aforementioned carbon dioxide circulation amount is too small, reduce the valve opening degree of the relief valve (Va) / Or increase the function of the valve opening degree of the supply amount of carbon dioxide control valve (Vc) is. 如申請專利範圍第1項之熱交換系統，其中在前述配管系(La)中的露出於蓄水設備(150、GH)的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度且是介設在該區域的溫度感測器(6、7)所計測的溫度被設定成5℃~40℃。For example, the heat exchange system of the scope of application for patent No. 1, wherein the temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing in the area of the piping system (La) exposed to the water storage equipment (150, GH) is a temperature sensing interposed in the area The temperature measured by the devices (6, 7) is set to 5 ° C to 40 ° C. 如申請專利範圍第1項之熱交換系統，其中在進行冷房運轉的情況，在配管系(La)的要朝蓄水設備(150、GH)進入的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度且是介設在該區域的溫度感測器(7)所計測的溫度，與蓄水設備(150、GH)內的水溫且是設於蓄水設備(150、GH)的溫度感測器(TW1)所計測的水溫之溫度差是60℃以下。For example, in the case of the heat exchange system under the scope of application for patent, in the case of cold room operation, the temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing in the area of the piping system (La) to enter the water storage equipment (150, GH) is interposed at The temperature measured by the temperature sensor (7) in this area and the water temperature in the water storage device (150, GH) are measured by the temperature sensor (TW1) installed in the water storage device (150, GH). The temperature difference of the water temperature is below 60 ° C. 如申請專利範圍第1項之熱交換系統，其中在進行暖房運轉的情況，蓄水設備(150、GH)內的水溫且是設於蓄水設備(150、GH)的溫度感測器(TW1)所計測的水溫，與在配管系(La)的要朝蓄水設備(150、GH)進入的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度且是介設在該區域的溫度感測器(6)所計測的溫度之溫度差是30℃以下。For example, the heat exchange system in the first scope of the patent application, in the case of greenhouse operation, the water temperature in the water storage equipment (150, GH) is a temperature sensor (150, GH) provided in the water storage equipment (150, GH) ( TW1) The temperature of the water measured is the temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing in the area of the piping system (La) to enter the water storage equipment (150, GH), and is the temperature sensor (6) located in the area. The temperature difference between the measured temperatures is 30 ° C or lower.