TWI659694B - A pesticidal composition - Google Patents
A pesticidal composition Download PDFInfo
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- TWI659694B TWI659694B TW104137438A TW104137438A TWI659694B TW I659694 B TWI659694 B TW I659694B TW 104137438 A TW104137438 A TW 104137438A TW 104137438 A TW104137438 A TW 104137438A TW I659694 B TWI659694 B TW I659694B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/30—Derivatives containing the group >N—CO—N aryl or >N—CS—N—aryl
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having no bond to a nitrogen atom
- A01N47/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having no bond to a nitrogen atom containing —O—CO—O— groups; Thio analogues thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N2300/00—Combinations or mixtures of active ingredients covered by classes A01N27/00 - A01N65/48 with other active or formulation relevant ingredients, e.g. specific carrier materials or surfactants, covered by classes A01N25/00 - A01N65/48
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本發明提供了包含螺蟎雙酯(spirobudiclofen)和汰芬隆(diafenthiuron)的殺蟲組合物，該組合物具有控制害蟲的協同增效效果。還提供了一種控制某一位置害蟲的方法，所述方法包含向所述位置施用螺蟎雙酯和汰芬隆的組合。 The present invention provides an insecticidal composition comprising spirobudiclofen and diafenthiuron. The composition has a synergistic effect for controlling pests. A method of controlling pests at a location is also provided, the method comprising administering to the location a combination of spiramyl diester and filfenone.
Description
本發明涉及一種殺蟲組合物和使用該殺蟲組合物的方法，還涉及一種快速且持效的殺蟲方法。 The invention relates to an insecticidal composition and a method for using the same, and also relates to a fast and effective insecticidal method.
螺蟎雙酯(Spirobudiclofen)，通用化學名稱為：3-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-氧代-1-氧雜螺[4,5]-癸-3-烯-4-基碳酸二丁基酯，其分子結構式為：
汰芬隆(Diafenthiuron)，又名殺蟎隆，通用化學名稱：1-叔丁基-3-(2,6-二異丙基-4-苯氧基苯基)硫脲。汰芬隆的分子結構式為：
需要提供一種改進的殺蟲組合物。具體地，提供一種能降低活性成分的施用率以及降低或避免田間不利的環境或毒理學影響的同時仍能有效防治目標作物中的害蟲的殺蟲組合物是有利的。並且，該殺蟲組合物較佳地應具有對害蟲的快速作用和/或長效作用。 There is a need to provide an improved pesticidal composition. In particular, it would be advantageous to provide an insecticidal composition that can reduce the application rate of the active ingredient and reduce or avoid adverse environmental or toxicological effects in the field while still effectively controlling pests in the target crop. In addition, the insecticidal composition should preferably have a rapid effect and / or a long-acting effect on pests.
此外，世界範圍內使用單一活性標準配方殺蟲劑的經驗顯示存在產生抗藥性害蟲亞群的高風險。 In addition, worldwide experience with single active standard formulation insecticides has shown a high risk of developing subpopulations of resistant pests.
因此，較佳的殺蟲組合物具有降低的施用率、寬活性譜、持效性和延緩目標物種的抗藥性。 Therefore, the preferred insecticidal composition has a reduced application rate, a broad spectrum of activity, persistence, and delays the drug resistance of the target species.
經大量生物測試篩選，本發明出乎意料的發現將螺蟎雙酯和汰芬隆組合可有效預防和/或控制有害生物。該組合預防和/或控制有害生物的活性大大高於單獨的活性成分的活性總和。該不可預期的效果是協同作用，而非相加作用。 After a large number of biological tests and screenings, the present invention unexpectedly found that the combination of spironite diester and fenfenlong can effectively prevent and / or control pests. The activity of the combination to prevent and / or control pests is much higher than the sum of the activities of the individual active ingredients. This unexpected effect is synergistic rather than additive.
因此，本發明的一個方面提供一種殺蟲組合物，該組合物包括螺蟎雙酯和汰芬隆。 Accordingly, one aspect of the present invention provides an insecticidal composition including a spirobirox diester and filfenone.
本發明令人驚訝地發現螺蟎雙酯和汰芬隆的組合不僅可拓寬殺蟲譜，而且還表現協同作用。 The present invention has surprisingly found that the combination of spirobirox diester and filfenone not only broadens the insecticidal spectrum, but also shows a synergistic effect.
本文中使用的術語“協同作用”指螺蟎雙酯和汰芬隆的組合實現的殺蟲效果大於各活性成分彼此單獨施用時的效果之和。 The term "synergistic effect" as used herein means that the insecticidal effect achieved by the combination of spirotepidate and filfenone is greater than the sum of the effects of each active ingredient when applied separately from each other.
因此，本發明的另一方面提供了一種具有顯著協同作用的螺蟎雙酯和汰芬隆的組合，從而降低兩種活性成分所需的劑量。 Therefore, another aspect of the present invention provides a combination of spirotepidate and filfenone with significant synergy, thereby reducing the required dose of the two active ingredients.
本發明的殺蟲組合物，具有良好的植物相容性和有利的恒溫動物毒性，適於預防和/或控治在農業、林業、儲藏產品和材料以及衛生領域中遇到的有害生物，尤其是昆蟲綱和蛛形綱。本發明的殺蟲組合物對於對已有處理敏感和/或表現抗性的害蟲物種(包括所有發育階段)具有活性，並且可用於控制這些物種。 The insecticidal composition of the present invention has good plant compatibility and favorable constant temperature animal toxicity, and is suitable for preventing and / or controlling harmful organisms encountered in the fields of agriculture, forestry, storage products and materials, and sanitation, especially Are insects and arachnids. The pesticidal composition of the present invention is active against pest species (including all developmental stages) that are sensitive and / or resistant to existing treatments, and can be used to control these species.
本文中使用術語“有害生物”意指可對植物造成損害的任何生物體，包括以下生物：鱗翅目(Lepidoptera)，例如，二化螟(chilo suppressalis)、三化螟(Tryporyza incertulas)、稻縱卷葉螟(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee)、菜心螟(Hellulla undalis)、桃蛀螟(Conogethes punctiferlis)、柑桔鳳蝶(Papilio xuthus)、白粉蝶(Pieris rapae crucivora)、直紋稻弄蝶(Parnara guttata)、天幕毛蟲(Malacosoma Neustria testacea)、舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar)、美國白蛾(Hyphantria cunea)、東方毒蛾(Euproctis subflava)、黑紋刺蛾(Scopelodescontracus)、棉鈴蟲(Helicoverpa armigera)、紅鈴麥蛾(Pink bollworm)、粉紋夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni)、甘藍夜蛾(Mamestra brassicae)、甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)、斜紋夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)、茶小卷葉蛾(Adoxophyes orana fasciata)、卷葉蛾(Adoxophyes honmai)、杏黃卷蛾(Archipsfuscocureanus)、茶長卷蛾(Homona magnanima)、小菜蛾(Plutella xylotella)、棉紅鈴蟲(Pectinophora gossypiella)；鞘翅目(Coleoptera)，例如，米象(Sitophilus oryzae linne)、柑橘潛葉甲(Podagricomela nigricollis Che)、玉米象(S.zeamails)、穀象(S.granarius)、大猿葉蟲(Cabbage leaf beetle)、小猿葉蟲(Daikon leaf beetle)，跳甲(Flea beetle)、葡萄跳甲(Altica chalybea)、曲條跳甲(Phyllotreta striolata)、黃 瓜跳甲(Epitrix cucumeris)、煙草跳甲(Ehirtipennis)、茄跳甲(E.fuscula)、黃守瓜(Aulacophora indica(Gemlin)、芥菜葉甲(Phaedon cochleariae)等；雙翅目(Diptera)，例如，稻潛蠅(Agromyza oryzae)、大麥水蠅(Hydrellia griseola)、非洲菊斑潛蠅(Liriomyza trifolii)、豌豆葉潛蠅(Chromatomyia horticola)、番茄斑潛蠅(Liriomyza bryoniae)、灰地種蠅(Delia platura)、蔥地種蠅(Delia antiqua)地中海實蠅(Ceratitis capiata wiedgman)、蘋果實蠅(Rhagoletis pomonella)、櫻桃實蠅(R.cingulata)；半翅目害蟲，例如，臭蝽(Megacopta punctatissimum)、菜蝽(Eurydema rugosum)、大刺白星蝽(Eysarcoris lewisi)、白星蝽(Eysarcoris parvus)、稻綠蝽(Nezara viridula)、斯氏珀蝽(Plautia stali)、臭梧桐蝽(Halymorphamista)、稻棘緣蝽(Cletus punctiger)、中華稻緣蝽(Leptocorisachinensis)、杜鵑網蝽(Stephantis pyrioides)、赤須盲蝽(Trigonotylus coelestialium)；同翅目(Homoptera)，例如，黑尾葉蟬(Nephotettix cincticeps)、灰飛虱(Laodelphax striatellus)、稻褐飛虱(Nilaparvata lugens)、白背飛虱(Sogatella furcifera)、梨木虱(Psylla pyrisuga)、柑橘木虱(Diaphorinatabaci)、煙粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)、蚜蟲(Homoptera)、蘋果棉蚜(Eriosoma lanigerum)；膜翅目(Hymenoptera)例如，中有，黃翅菜葉蜂(Athalia rosae ruficornis)、薔薇葉蜂(Arge pagana)、黑山蟻(Formica japonica)、栗癭蜂(Dryocsmus kuriphilus)等；纓翅目(Physanoptera)，例如薊馬(Haplothrips Chinensis Priesner)；蛛形綱(Arachnida)，例如，柑橘全爪蟎(Panonychus citri)、朱砂葉蟎(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)、蘋果全爪蟎(Panonychus ulmi)、二點葉蟎(Tetranychus urticae)、山植葉蟎(Tetranychus viennensis)、針葉小爪蟎(Oligonychus ununguis)、柑橘始葉蟎(Eotetranychus kankitus)、紫紅短須蟎(Brevipalpus phoenicis)、苜蓿苔蟎(Bryobiapraetiosa)、小麥卷葉蟎(Aceria tulipae)、葡萄癭蟎(Colomerus vitis)、茶葉癭蟎(Calacarus carinatus)、茶黃蟎(Polyphagotarsonemus latus)、長毛根蟎(Rhizoglyphus rostochiensis)等； 虱目(Anoplura)(Phthiraptera)，例如，畜虱屬(Damalinia spp.)、血虱屬(Haematopinus spp.)、毛虱屬(Linognathus spp.)、虱屬(Pediculus spp.)、嚼虱屬(Trichodectes spp.)；等足目(Isopoda)，例如，梔水蝨(Oniscus asellus)、鼠婦(Armadilliudium vulgare)、球鼠婦(Porcellio scaber)；倍足目(Diplopoda)，例如，千足蟲(Blaniulus guttulatus)；唇足目(Chilopoda)，例如，地蜈蚣屬(Geophilus carpophagus)、蚰蜒(Scutigera spp.)；綜合目(Symphyla)，例如，白松蟲(Scutigerella immaculata)；纓尾目(Thysanura)，例如，衣魚(Lepisma saccharina)；彈尾目(Collembola)，例如，武裝棘跳蟲(Onychiurus armatus)；直翅目(Orthoptera)，例如，家蟋(Acheta domesticus)、嘍蛄屬屬種(Gryllotalpa spp.)、亞洲飛蝗(Locusta migratoria migratorioides)、黑蝗屬種(Melanopluss spp.)、沙漠蝗(Schistocerca gregaria)；蜚蠊目(Blattaria)，例如，東方蜚蠊(Blatta orientalis)、美洲大蠊(Periplaneta americana)、馬德拉蜚蠊(Leucophaea maderae)、德國小蠊(Blattella germanica)；革翅目(Dermaptera)，例如，歐洲球螋(Forficula auricularia)；等翅目(Isoptera)，例如，散白蟻屬種(Reticulitermes spp.)；線蟲綱(Nematoda)，例如，根結線蟲(Meloidogyne)、胞囊形成線蟲(Heterodera schachtii)、稈線蟲(Rhabditis strongyloides)和葉線蟲(Aphelenchoides fragariae)，具體為下列線蟲：大豆胞囊線蟲(Heterodera)，馬鈴薯金線蟲(Golbodera rostochiensis)、南方根結線蟲(Meloidogyne incognita)等；矛線目(Dorylaimida)，例如，長針線蟲屬(Longidorus sp.)等。 As used herein, the term "pest" means a plant can cause damage to any organism, including the bio-: Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera), for example, rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis), yellow rice borer (Tryporyza incertulas), rice longitudinal Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee, Hellulla undalis, Conogethes punctiferlis, Papilio xuthus, Pieris rapae crucivora, Parnara guttata ), Malacosoma Neustria testacea, Lymantria dispar, Hyphantria cunea, Euproctis subflava, Scopelodescontracus, Helicoverpa armigera, Red bell wheat Moth (Pink bollworm), Trichoplusia ni, Cabbage night moth (Mamestra brassicae), Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera litura, Adoxophyes orana fasciata, Leaf Moth (Adoxophyes honmai), Apricot Yellow Moth (Archipsfuscocureanus), Tea Long Roll Moth (Homona magnanima), Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylotella), Cotton Red Bell (Pectinophora gossypiella); Coleoptera (Coleoptera), for example, rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae linne), citrus leaf miner A (Podagricomela nigricollis Che), maize weevil (S.zeamails), Grain Weevil (S.granarius), Colaphellus Cabbage leaf beetle, Daikon leaf beetle, Flea beetle, Altica chalybea, Phyllotreta striolata, Epitrix cucumeris, Tobacco flea beetles (Ehirtipennis), eggplant flea beetle (E.fuscula), yellow melon (Aulacophora indica (Gemlin), mustard leaf beetle (Phaedon cochleariae) and so on; Diptera (Diptera), for example, rice leafminer (Agromyza oryzae) , Hydrellia griseola, Liriomyza trifolii, Chromatomyia horticola, Liriomyza bryoniae, Delia platura, Onion ground fly (Delia antiqua) Ceratitis capiata wiedgman, Rhagoletis pomonella, R.cingulata; Hemiptera pests, such as Megacopta punctatissimum, Eurydema rugosum ,Big Eysarcoris lewisi, Eysarcoris parvus, Nezara viridula, Plautia stali, Halymorphamista, Cletus punctiger, Chinese rice margin bug (Leptocorisachinensis), azalea lace bug (Stephantis pyrioides), Akasu bugs (Trigonotylus coelestialium); Homoptera (Homoptera), e.g., green rice leafhopper (Nephotettix cincticeps), small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus), brown rice fly Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera, Psylla pyrisuga, Diaphorinatabaci, Bemisia tabaci, Homoptera, Eriosoma lanigerum; Hymenoptera includes, for example, Athalia rosae ruficornis, Arge pagana, Formica japonica, Dryocsmus kuriphilus, etc .; Physanoptera), such as Haplothrips Chinensis Priesner; Arachnida, such as Panonychus citri, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, apple Claw mite (Panonychus ulmi), Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus viennensis, Oligonychus ununguis, Eotetranychus kankitus, Brevipalpus phoenicis, Bryobiapraetiosa, Aceria tulipae, Colomerus vitis, Calacarus carinatus, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Rhizoglyphus rostochiensis Etc .; Anoplura (Phthiraptera), for example, Damalinia spp., Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Chewing lice (Trichodectes spp.); Isopoda, for example, Oniscus asellus, Armadilliudium vulgare, Porcellio scaber; Diplopoda, for example, millipede Blaniulus guttulatus); Chilopoda, for example, Geophilus carpophagus, Scutigera spp .; Symphyla, for example, Scutigerella immaculata; Thysa nura), for example, Lepisma saccharina; Collembola, for example, Onychiurus armatus; Orthoptera, for example, Acheta domesticus, Polygonum Gryllotalpa spp., Locusta migratoria migratorioides, Melanopluss spp., Schistocerca gregaria; Blattaria, for example, Blatt orientalis Periplaneta americana, Leucophaea maderae, Blattella germanica; Dermaptera, for example, Forficula auricularia; Isoptera, for example, Reticulitermes spp .; Nematoda, for example, Meloidogyne, Heterodera schachtii, Rhabditis strongyloides, and Aphelenchoides fragariae The following nematodes: soybean cyst nematodes (Heterodera), potato gold nematodes (Golbodera rostochiensis), Meloidogyne incognita, etc .; Dorylaimida , For example, Longidorus sp.
本發明的殺蟲組合物對於預防和/或控制棉鈴蟲(Helicoverpa armigera)、蚜蟲、紅蜘蛛、木虱、蛾、潛葉蠅有突出的效果。 The insecticidal composition of the present invention has outstanding effects on prevention and / or control of Helicoverpa armigera, aphids, red spiders, psyllids, moths, and leaf miners.
通過將兩種具有不同作用模式的活性成分組合，所述組合具有通過系列作用，例如通過接觸作用、胃毒性、殺卵作用和降低產卵率和孵化能力來殺滅目標害蟲的效果。 By combining two active ingredients with different modes of action, the combination has the effect of killing target pests through a series of effects, such as through contact effects, gastric toxicity, egg-killing effects, and reduction of spawning rate and hatchability.
活性成分螺蟎雙酯和汰芬隆可以寬範圍的重量比存在或一起使用。更具體地，所述螺蟎雙酯和汰芬隆的重量比為約100：1至約1：100，較佳約50：1至約1：50，更較佳約25：1至約1：25。更較佳的比例為約20：1至約1：20，更較佳約15：1至約1：15，更較佳約10：1至約1：10，再較佳約5：1至約1：5。 The active ingredients spirobirox diester and filfenone can be present in a wide range of weight ratios or used together. More specifically, the weight ratio of the spiramite diester and filfenone is about 100: 1 to about 1: 100, preferably about 50: 1 to about 1:50, and more preferably about 25: 1 to about 1 : 25. A more preferred ratio is about 20: 1 to about 1:20, more preferably about 15: 1 to about 1:15, more preferably about 10: 1 to about 1:10, and even more preferably about 5: 1 to About 1: 5.
本發明的殺蟲組合物可以包含寬範圍含量的螺蟎雙酯和汰芬隆。活性成分的量取決於例如使用的製劑類型。在多個實施方式中，所述組合物包含的螺蟎雙酯和汰芬隆的量為至少5重量%，較佳至少10重量%，更較佳至少15重量%，更較佳至少20重量%，更較佳至少25重量%。也可以配製包含至少30重量%、35重量%、40重量%、45重量%、50重量%、60重量%、65重量%、70重量%、75重量%、80重量%、85重量%或90重量%的組合物。所述組合物包含螺蟎雙酯和汰芬隆的量占所述組合物重量約5%至約90%，較佳占所述組合物重量約10%至約80%，更較佳約15%至約60%，更較佳占所述組合物重量約20%至約60%。 The insecticidal composition of the present invention may include a wide range of spirobirox diesters and filfenone. The amount of active ingredient depends, for example, on the type of formulation used. In various embodiments, the composition comprises spirobirox diester and filfenone in an amount of at least 5% by weight, preferably at least 10% by weight, more preferably at least 15% by weight, more preferably at least 20% by weight %, More preferably at least 25% by weight. It can also be formulated to contain at least 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85% or 90% Composition by weight. The composition comprises spirobirox diester and filfenone in an amount of about 5% to about 90% by weight of the composition, preferably about 10% to about 80% by weight of the composition, and more preferably about 15%. % To about 60%, more preferably about 20% to about 60% by weight of the composition.
除了上述活性化合物螺蟎雙酯和汰芬隆之外，所述殺蟲組合物可以包含一種或多種其他活性成分。 In addition to the above-mentioned active compounds spirobirox diester and fenfenlon, the pesticidal composition may contain one or more other active ingredients.
所述殺蟲組合物可以常規方式製備，例如，通過將活性成分與合適的助劑混合。本發明組合物中可以包含的合適的助劑是所有常規的製劑佐劑或組分，例如填充劑、載劑、溶劑、表面活性劑、穩定劑、消泡劑、防凍劑、防腐劑、抗氧化劑、著色劑、增稠劑、固體粘附劑、防聚集劑和惰性填料。這種助劑是本領域已知的並且市售可得。所述製劑可以已知方式通過將活性成分與適用於農業化學配製劑的合適的填充劑和/或表面活性劑混合而製備。 The pesticidal composition can be prepared in a conventional manner, for example, by mixing the active ingredient with a suitable adjuvant. Suitable adjuvants that can be included in the composition of the invention are all conventional formulation adjuvants or components, such as fillers, vehicles, solvents, surfactants, stabilizers, defoamers, antifreeze agents, preservatives, anti- Oxidants, colorants, thickeners, solid adhesives, anti-aggregation agents and inert fillers. Such auxiliaries are known in the art and are commercially available. The formulations can be prepared in a known manner by mixing the active ingredients with suitable fillers and / or surfactants suitable for use in agrochemical formulations.
本發明的殺蟲組合物可轉化成常規配製劑，例如懸浮劑(SC)、種衣劑、可濕性粉劑(WP)、水分散粒劑(WG)、微囊懸浮劑(CS)、包衣顆粒劑、擠出顆粒劑、乳油(EC)、微乳劑(ME)、乳劑、水乳劑(EW)、泡騰片(PP)、煙燭(FK)、超低容量液劑(LDL)，使用形式取決於特定的目的；每種配製劑應確保本發明組合物的化合物均勻地分佈。以這些方式配製組合物的技術是本領域已知的。 The insecticidal composition of the present invention can be converted into conventional formulations, such as suspending agents (SC), seed coating agents, wettable powders (WP), water-dispersible granules (WG), microcapsule suspension agents (CS), Coated granules, extruded granules, emulsifiable concentrates (EC), microemulsions (ME), emulsions, water emulsions (EW), effervescent tablets (PP), smoke candles (FK), ultra-low volume liquids (LDL) The use form depends on the particular purpose; each formulation should ensure uniform distribution of the compounds of the composition of the invention. Techniques for formulating compositions in these ways are known in the art.
根據本發明，術語“填充劑”指可與活性成分相組合或聯合以使其更易於施用給對象(例如植物、作物或草類等)的天然或合成的有機或無機化合 物。因此，所述填充劑較佳為惰性的，至少為農業可接受的。所述填充劑可以為固體或液體。合適的固體填充劑包括植物質粉末類(例如大豆粉、澱粉、穀物粉、木粉、樹皮粉、鋸末、核桃殼粉、麩皮、纖維素粉末、椰殼、玉米穗軸和煙草莖的顆粒，提取植物精華後的殘渣等)、紙張、黏土類(例如高嶺土、膨潤土、酸性瓷土等)、滑石粉類、矽石類(例如矽藻土、矽砂、雲母、含水矽酸，矽酸鈣)、活性炭、天然礦物質類(浮石、綠坡縷石及沸石等)、燒製矽藻土、砂、塑膠媒介等(例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯)、無機礦物性粉末(例如氯化鉀、碳酸鈣、磷酸鈣等)、化學肥料(例如硫酸銨、磷酸銨、尿素、氯化銨等)、和土肥。這些物質可以單獨使用或者2種以上混用。 According to the present invention, the term "bulking agent" refers to a natural or synthetic organic or inorganic compound that can be combined or combined with an active ingredient to make it easier to apply to a subject (e.g., plant, crop, or grass, etc.) Thing. Therefore, the filler is preferably inert, at least agriculturally acceptable. The filler can be solid or liquid. Suitable solid fillers include plant-based powders (e.g. soybean flour, starch, cereal flour, wood flour, bark flour, sawdust, walnut shell flour, bran, cellulose powder, coconut shell, corn cobs, and pellets of tobacco stalks) , Residues after extracting plant extracts, etc.), paper, clay (such as kaolin, bentonite, acid porcelain, etc.), talc, silica (such as diatomite, silica sand, mica, hydrous silicic acid, calcium silicate ), Activated carbon, natural minerals (pumice, attapulgite, zeolite, etc.), fired diatomaceous earth, sand, plastic media (such as polyethylene, polypropylene), inorganic mineral powders (such as potassium chloride, Calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, etc.), chemical fertilizers (such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, urea, ammonium chloride, etc.), and soil fertilizer. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
合適的液體載體選自水，醇類(例如甲醇、乙醇、異丙醇、丁醇、乙二醇等)、酮類(例如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、二異丁基酮、環己酮等)、醚類(例如***、二噁烷、甲基纖維素、四氫呋喃等)、脂肪族烴類(例如煤油、礦物油等)、芳香族烴類(例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、溶劑油、烷基萘、氯代芳烴、氯代脂肪烴、氯苯等)、鹵代烴類、醯胺類、碸類、礦物油、植物油、動物油等。 Suitable liquid carriers are selected from water, alcohols (e.g. methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, etc.), ketones (e.g. acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone) Etc.), ethers (such as diethyl ether, dioxane, methyl cellulose, tetrahydrofuran, etc.), aliphatic hydrocarbons (such as kerosene, mineral oil, etc.), aromatic hydrocarbons (such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and solvent oil) , Alkyl naphthalene, chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, chlorobenzene, etc.), halogenated hydrocarbons, amidines, amidines, mineral oils, vegetable oils, animal oils, etc.
為使活性成分乳化、分散、以及/或者潤濕，製劑中可以使用表面活性劑。對一種或多種表面活性劑的選擇取決於例如使用的製劑類型和所述組合物希望的終端應用方式。合適的表面活性劑是本領域已知的，包括化合物例如脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯烷基芳基醚、聚氧乙烯高級脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯醇或酚的磷酸酯、多元醇的脂肪酸酯、烷基芳基磺酸鹽、木質素磺酸鹽、高分子梳形的支狀共聚物、丁基萘磺酸鹽、烷基芳基磺酸鹽、烷基磺基琥珀酸鹽。 To emulsify, disperse, and / or wet the active ingredient, a surfactant may be used in the formulation. The choice of one or more surfactants depends, for example, on the type of formulation used and the desired end-use mode of the composition. Suitable surfactants are known in the art and include compounds such as fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ethers, polyoxyethylene higher fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene alcohol or phosphate esters of phenols, polybasic Fatty acid esters of alcohols, alkyl aryl sulfonates, lignin sulfonates, polymer comb-shaped branched copolymers, butyl naphthalene sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkyl sulfosuccinates Acid salt.
為使活性成分的分散體穩定化，製劑中可以包括穩定劑。合適的穩定劑是本領域已知的，包括黃原膠、矽酸鎂鋁、明膠、澱粉、纖維素醚、聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯和天然磷脂(如腦磷脂和卵磷脂)以及合成磷脂、膨潤土和木質素磺酸鹽。 To stabilize the dispersion of the active ingredient, a stabilizer may be included in the formulation. Suitable stabilizers are known in the art and include xanthan gum, magnesium aluminum silicate, gelatin, starch, cellulose ether, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate and natural phospholipids (such as brain phospholipids and lecithin), and synthetics Phospholipids, bentonite and lignosulfonates.
適於使用的防凍劑是本領域已知的，包括乙二醇，丙二醇，丙三醇和山梨醇。 Suitable antifreeze agents are known in the art and include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol and sorbitol.
抗聚集劑是本領域已知的，包括萘磺酸聚合物、聚合磷酸鹽等。 Anti-aggregation agents are known in the art and include naphthalenesulfonic acid polymers, polymeric phosphates, and the like.
消泡劑也是本領域已知的。合適的消泡劑是有機矽消泡劑。 Defoaming agents are also known in the art. A suitable defoamer is a silicone defoamer.
任選地，根據需要，組合物中還可包含其它附加組分，例如保護膠體、粘合劑、增稠劑、觸變劑、滲透劑、穩定劑、掩蔽劑。 Optionally, other additional components may be included in the composition, such as protective colloids, adhesives, thickeners, thixotropic agents, penetrants, stabilizers, masking agents, as needed.
本發明的螺蟎雙酯和汰芬隆活性成分還可以與其它活性成分聯合施用，從而擴大活性譜或防止形成抗藥性。所述其它活性成分例如殺真菌劑、殺細菌劑、引誘劑、殺昆蟲劑、殺蟎劑、殺線蟲劑、生長調節劑、除草劑、安全劑、肥料或化學費洛蒙等。 The active ingredients of spirulina diester and filfenone of the present invention can also be applied in combination with other active ingredients, thereby expanding the spectrum of activity or preventing the formation of drug resistance. The other active ingredients are, for example, fungicides, bactericides, attractants, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, growth regulators, herbicides, safeners, fertilizers or chemical pheromones.
在另一方面，本發明提供了一種預防和/或控制某一位置的有害生物的方法，所述方法包括將螺蟎雙酯和汰芬隆的組合施用於所述位置。 In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of preventing and / or controlling a pest in a location, the method comprising applying a combination of spirobirox and diefenol to the location.
在所述方法中，螺蟎雙酯和汰芬隆可以同時或不同時(即分開、依次或同時)施用於所述位置。分開施用時，施用順序通常不影響防治效果。 In the method, the spirobirox diester and filfenone can be applied to the site simultaneously or at different times (ie, separately, sequentially, or simultaneously). When applied separately, the order of application generally does not affect the control effect.
螺蟎雙酯和汰芬隆可以使用前述重量比施用於所述位置。 Spiromite diesters and filfenone can be applied to the sites using the aforementioned weight ratios.
在一個實施方式中，所述方法包括將包含螺蟎雙酯和汰芬隆的組合物，例如前述的殺蟲組合物，施用於所述位置。 In one embodiment, the method comprises applying to the site a composition comprising a spiral mite diester and filfenone, such as the aforementioned insecticidal composition.
所述位置可以是目標植物或其周圍環境，例如周圍土壤或空間，目標有害生物或其環境、或目標植物的繁殖材料。 The location may be the target plant or its surroundings, such as the surrounding soil or space, the target pest or its environment, or the propagation material of the target plant.
本文所用的術語“植物繁殖材料”表示植物的所有生長部分，包括種子、根、果實、塊莖、球根、根莖、枝條、苗芽和其他植物部分。也可包括在發芽以後或在從土壤中出苗以後移植的秧苗和幼小植物。植物繁殖材料可在種植之前或移植時或移植以前用植物保護化合物進行處理。 The term "plant propagation material" as used herein refers to all growing parts of a plant, including seeds, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, shoots, shoots and other plant parts. Seedlings and young plants transplanted after germination or after emergence from the soil may also be included. Plant propagation material can be treated with plant protection compounds before planting or at or before transplantation.
一種保護作物不受有害生物侵害的方法，所述方法包括將作物和/或其周圍環境與包含螺蟎雙酯和汰芬隆的殺蟲組合物接觸。 A method for protecting crops from harmful organisms, said method comprising contacting the crop and / or its surroundings with an insecticidal composition comprising a spirulina diester and filfenone.
本發明的殺蟲組合物在預防和/或控制各種栽培植物如穀類、水果、蔬菜、經濟作物上的大部分有害生物特別重要。 The insecticidal composition of the present invention is particularly important in preventing and / or controlling most harmful organisms on various cultivated plants such as cereals, fruits, vegetables, and cash crops.
可根據本發明進行處理的植物包括所有基因工程改造的植物或轉基因植物。 Plants which can be treated according to the invention include all genetically engineered plants or transgenic plants.
如上所述，螺蟎雙酯和汰芬隆的組合物，例如通過殺蟲組合物的方式，可用於保護植物繁殖材料和隨後長出的植物器官。 As mentioned above, the combination of spirobirox and diefenuron, for example by means of insecticidal compositions, can be used to protect plant propagation material and subsequently grown plant organs.
在另一方面，本發明提供螺蟎雙酯和汰芬隆在某一位置控制害蟲的用途。 In another aspect, the present invention provides the use of spirodeipyl diesters and filfenone to control pests at a certain location.
本發明的殺蟲組合物和方法用於保護目標植物的所有部分不受害蟲侵害，例如通過處理葉子和枝條，處理種子和根來避免土壤害蟲。因此，本發明的殺蟲組合物和方法適用於種子處理以保護種子防止昆蟲和害蟲侵害，特別是土壤生昆蟲和害蟲，並保護產生的植物根和枝條以防土壤害蟲和葉面昆蟲的侵害。 The pesticidal composition and method of the present invention are used to protect all parts of a target plant from pests, for example, by treating leaves and shoots, treating seeds and roots to prevent soil pests. Therefore, the insecticidal composition and method of the present invention are suitable for seed treatment to protect seeds from insects and pests, especially soil insects and pests, and to protect the roots and shoots of plants from soil pests and foliar insects. .
較佳地，植物繁殖材料是種子。種子處理的方法包括用活性成分的組合物浸泡種子，例如稀液體製劑或稀固體製劑或者用未稀釋的液體製劑浸泡種子；通過固體或液體製劑與種子混合，將製劑包衣在種子表面；和在種植種子的位置噴灑活性成分的製劑。 Preferably, the plant propagation material is a seed. The method of seed treatment includes soaking the seed with a composition of an active ingredient, such as a dilute liquid preparation or a dilute solid preparation or soaking the seed with an undiluted liquid preparation; mixing the solid or liquid preparation with the seed to coat the preparation with the surface of the seed; and Spray the formulation of the active ingredient at the location where the seeds are planted.
在本發明的方法和使用的實踐過程中，活性成分可以本領域已知的技術施用，包括澆罐、噴射、噴霧、撒粉、散佈或發煙。活性成分的施用量可以變化，這取決於天氣條件或需處理的作物狀態等因素。 During the practice of the methods and uses of the present invention, the active ingredients can be applied by techniques known in the art, including canning, spraying, spraying, dusting, spreading or smoking. The amount of active ingredient applied can vary depending on factors such as weather conditions or the condition of the crop to be treated.
通常對於葉部處理，活性成分的劑量率通常為0.1-10000克活性成分每公頃(g A.I./ha)，較佳10-1000g A.I./ha，更較佳50-800g/ha。對於種子處理，劑量通常為2-1000g A.I./100kg種子，較佳3-300g A.I./100kg種子。對於土壤處理，劑量通常為0.1-10000g A.I./ha，較佳1-5000g A.I./ha。 Generally for leaf treatment, the dosage rate of the active ingredient is usually 0.1-10000 grams of active ingredient per hectare (g A.I./ha), preferably 10-1000 g A.I./ha, more preferably 50-800 g / ha. For seed treatment, the dosage is usually 2-1000 g A.I./100 kg seeds, preferably 3-300 g A.I./100 kg seeds. For soil treatment, the dosage is usually 0.1-10000 g A.I./ha, preferably 1-5000 g A.I./ha.
上述劑量僅是一般性的例示性劑量。本領域的技術人員會根據實際情況和需要，尤其是根據待處理的植物或作物的性質以及蟲害的嚴重性調整施用率。 The above-mentioned dosages are merely general exemplary dosages. Those skilled in the art will adjust the application rate according to the actual situation and needs, especially according to the nature of the plant or crop to be treated and the severity of the pest.
防治蟲害較佳在蟲害發生初期進行。但，很多情況下，在已引起作物或植物的嚴重損壞並能觀察到之前不可能發現蟲害。通過使用本發明的螺蟎雙酯與汰芬隆的組合，所述組合物具快速效果，在投藥後12小時即達到最高害蟲死亡率。一旦施用，該活性成分的組合的效果可維持到45天。 Pest control is preferably carried out in the early stages of pest occurrence. However, in many cases it is not possible to detect pests before they have caused severe damage to the crop or plant and can be observed. By using the combination of the spirobirox diester of the present invention and filfenone, the composition has a rapid effect, and the maximum pest mortality is reached within 12 hours after administration. Once applied, the effect of the combination of active ingredients can be maintained for up to 45 days.
另一方面，使用本發明活性成分的組合可以延緩目標植物抗藥性的產生。 On the other hand, the use of the combination of active ingredients of the present invention can delay the development of target plant resistance.
以下僅通過描述性方式描述本發明的實施例。 The embodiments of the present invention are described below in a descriptive manner only.
實施例中，所有的百分比均基於組合物的重量，除非另有說明。 In the examples, all percentages are based on the weight of the composition, unless stated otherwise.
製備具有下表所示組成的油懸浮劑。 An oil suspension was prepared having the composition shown in the following table.
將各組分混合均勻，經研磨和/或高速剪切後得到5%螺蟎雙酯+10%汰芬隆的油懸浮劑。 The components are mixed uniformly, and an oil suspension agent of 5% spiromidate and 10% filfenone is obtained after grinding and / or high-speed shearing.
製備具有下表所示組成的可濕性粉劑。 A wettable powder having the composition shown in the following table was prepared.
將各組分混合，經超細粉碎機碾磨，得到30%螺蟎雙酯+60%汰芬隆的可濕性粉劑。 The components are mixed and pulverized by an ultrafine pulverizer to obtain a wettable powder of 30% spironite diester + 60% filfenone.
製備具有下表所示組成的可濕性粉劑。 A wettable powder having the composition shown in the following table was prepared.
將各組分混合，經超細粉碎機碾磨，得到20%螺蟎雙酯+60%汰芬隆的可濕性粉劑(WP)。 The components are mixed and milled by an ultra-fine pulverizer to obtain 20% spirotepidate + 60% filfenone wettable powder (WP).
製備具有下表所示組成的水分散性粒劑。 Water-dispersible granules having the composition shown in the following table were prepared.
將各組分混合，經過噴射粉碎成可濕性粉劑。加入水，並於可濕性粉劑混合，形成糊料，然後進行擠出並乾燥，得到10%螺蟎雙酯+50%汰芬隆的水分散性粒劑(WG)。 The components are mixed and pulverized into a wettable powder by spraying. Water is added and mixed with the wettable powder to form a paste, which is then extruded and dried to obtain 10% spirotepidate + 50% filfenone water-dispersible granules (WG).
製備具有下表所示組成的乳油製劑。 An emulsifiable concentrate preparation having the composition shown in the following table was prepared.
攪拌各組分得到均一的相。 The components were stirred to obtain a homogeneous phase.
製備具有下表所示組成的種衣劑。 A seed coating agent having a composition shown in the following table was prepared.
將各組分混合均勻，然後研磨和/或高速剪切，得到2%螺蟎雙酯+20%汰芬隆種衣劑。 The components are mixed uniformly, and then ground and / or high-speed shearing is performed to obtain 2% spiromidate diester + 20% fenfenlong seed coating agent.
製備具有下表所示組成的可濕性粉劑。 A wettable powder having the composition shown in the following table was prepared.
將各組分混合，並研磨、粉碎，得到10%螺蟎雙酯+10%汰芬隆可濕性粉劑(WP)。 The components are mixed, ground, and pulverized to obtain 10% spiramyl diester + 10% filfenone wettable powder (WP).
製備具有下表所示組成的水分散粒劑。 Water-dispersible granules having the composition shown in the following table were prepared.
將各組分混合均勻，然後經過噴射粉碎成可濕性粉劑。之後，加入水並混合，將得到的混合物擠壓並乾燥，得到5%螺蟎雙酯+35%汰芬隆水分散粒劑(WG)。 The components are mixed uniformly, and then pulverized into a wettable powder by spraying. Thereafter, water was added and mixed, and the obtained mixture was extruded and dried to obtain 5% spiromidate diester + 35% filfenone water dispersible granules (WG).
製備具有下表所示組成的懸乳劑。 A suspoemulsion having the composition shown in the following table was prepared.
將螺蟎雙酯溶解在油酸甲酯中，然後加入乙氧基化蓖麻油，得到螺蟎雙酯的油相。將汰芬隆，亞甲基二萘磺酸二鈉，改性木質素磺酸鈣，黃原膠，膨潤土，丙三醇和水混合均勻，並經砂磨，製備成汰芬隆懸浮劑。將所述油相加入懸浮相中並混合，獲得5%螺蟎雙酯+10%汰芬隆懸乳劑(SE)。 The spiral mite diester was dissolved in methyl oleate, and then ethoxylated castor oil was added to obtain an oil phase of the spiral mite diester. Teflon, disodium methylene dinaphthalene sulfonate, modified calcium lignin sulfonate, xanthan gum, bentonite, glycerol and water are mixed uniformly, and sand-milled to prepare a Teflon suspension. The oil phase was added to the suspension phase and mixed to obtain 5% spiromidate diester + 10% filfenone suspension emulsion (SE).
製備具有下表所示組成的包衣顆粒劑。 Coated granules having the composition shown in the following table were prepared.
在混合器中，將磨細的活性成分均勻塗布到被聚乙二醇潤濕的載劑上，獲得無塵包衣顆粒劑。 In a mixer, the finely divided active ingredient is uniformly applied to a carrier wetted with polyethylene glycol to obtain a dust-free coated granule.
製備具有下表所示組成的擠出顆粒劑。 Extruded granules having the composition shown in the following table were prepared.
將活性組分與助劑混合並研磨，用水潤濕，擠出，然後在空氣中乾燥，得到粒劑。 The active ingredient is mixed with the auxiliary agent and ground, wet with water, extruded, and then dried in air to obtain granules.
製備具有下表所示組成的混合物製劑。 A mixture formulation having the composition shown in the following table was prepared.
將螺蟎雙酯、汰芬隆混合均勻。 Mix the spiramite diester and filfenone evenly.
不同類型的農藥活性成分混合後，通常表現出三種作用類型：相加作用、增效作用和拮抗作用。作用類型通常無法預測，只有通過大量實驗篩選才能知道。發明人對螺蟎雙酯和汰芬隆的不同製劑進行試驗。發現所述殺蟲組合物具有協同增效效果，而不是相加或拮抗效果。 After mixing different types of pesticide active ingredients, they usually show three types of action: additive action, synergistic action and antagonistic action. The type of effect is usually unpredictable and can only be known through extensive experimental screening. The inventors experimented with different formulations of spiramyl diester and filfenone. The insecticidal composition was found to have a synergistic effect, rather than an additive or antagonistic effect.
採用室內毒性測定確定各供試製劑的毒性指數和混合製劑的共毒性係數(CTC值)。當CTC80時，認為組合物顯示抗拮作用。當得到的CTC值為80CTC120時，認為組合物顯示相加作用。當CTC120時，認為組合物顯示協同增效作用。 The indoor toxicity test was used to determine the toxicity index of each test preparation and the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC value) of the mixed preparation. When CTC At 80, the composition is considered to exhibit antagonism. When the CTC value obtained is 80 CTC At 120, the composition is considered to exhibit an additive effect. When CTC At 120 hours, the composition is considered to exhibit a synergistic effect.
試驗方法： experiment method:
將未接觸任何殺蟲組合物的大小一致的梨樹葉片放入盒中，接上梨木虱幼蟲。 Pear leaves of the same size that had not been exposed to any insecticidal composition were put into a box, and the pear lice larvae were attached.
製備包含一定比例範圍的螺蟎雙酯和汰芬隆的液體製劑。 A liquid formulation is prepared containing a certain range of spiromidate diester and filfenone.
各測試中，將葉片浸泡在液體製劑中5秒。將葉片自然晾乾，放入盒中。 In each test, the leaves were immersed in the liquid formulation for 5 seconds. Let the leaves dry naturally and put them in the box.
在25℃條件下在盒中飼養20只幼蟲。 Twenty larvae were reared in the box at 25 ° C.
在同樣的測試條件下進行對照實驗。 Control experiments were performed under the same test conditions.
各測試3次重複。 Each test was repeated 3 times.
72小時後，檢查死蟲數。計算死亡率(%)，校正死亡率(%)和LC50值，得到如下毒性回歸方程：死亡率(%)=(施藥前活蟲數-施藥後活蟲數)/施藥前活蟲數*100校正死亡率(%)=(處理組死亡率-對照組死亡率)/(100-對照組死亡率)*100 After 72 hours, check the number of dead insects. Calculate the mortality rate (%), adjust the mortality rate (%) and the LC 50 value, and get the following toxicity regression equation: mortality rate (%) = (number of live insects before application-number of live insects after application) / live before application Number of insects * 100 corrected mortality (%) = (treatment group mortality-control group mortality) / (100-control group mortality) * 100
將供試昆蟲的校正死亡率換算成機率值(y)，濃度(μg/ml)轉換成對數值(x)，以最小二乘法得出毒性回歸方程。按照孫雲沛公式法計算出共毒性係數(CTC)。計算公式如下(以螺蟎雙酯為標準藥劑，其毒性指數為100)：實際毒性指數(ATI)=(標準藥劑LC50/供試藥劑LC50)×100理論毒性指數(TTI)=A藥劑ATI×混劑中A的百分含量+B藥劑ATI×混劑中B的百分含量共毒性係數(CTC)=(混劑ATI/混劑TTI)×100 The corrected mortality of the tested insects was converted into a probability value (y), and the concentration (μg / ml) was converted into a logarithmic value (x). Co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) was calculated according to the Sun Yunpei formula. The calculation formula is as follows (using Spirocarbox diester as standard drug, its toxicity index is 100): actual toxicity index (ATI) = (standard drug LC 50 / test drug LC 50 ) × 100 theoretical toxicity index (TTI) = A drug ATI × percentage of A in the mix + B agent ATI × percentage of B in the mix Co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) = (mix ATI / mix TTI) × 100
如果對照組死亡率大於10%，則認為測試無效。 If the mortality rate in the control group is greater than 10%, the test is considered ineffective.
室內毒性測定結果如下：
從表1結果可知，很明顯，同時包含螺蟎雙酯與汰芬隆的組合物的共毒性係數均大於120。因此所述組合物表現為協同增效效果。 From the results in Table 1, it is clear that the co-toxicity coefficients of the compositions containing both spiramyl diester and filfenone are all greater than 120. The composition thus exhibits a synergistic effect.
試驗方法： experiment method:
將柑桔葉片帶柄剪下，插于加水的安瓿中。葉片為一定數量的柑橘全爪蟎成蟎所侵襲。待成蟎產卵24小時後，去除成蟎。 The citrus leaves were cut off with handles and inserted into watered ampoules. The leaves were infested by a certain number of adult citrus mites. After the adult mites lay their eggs for 24 hours, the adult mites are removed.
製備包含一定比例範圍的螺蟎雙酯和汰芬隆的液體製劑。 A liquid formulation is prepared containing a certain range of spiromidate diester and filfenone.
在各測試中，將帶有足夠多卵的葉片浸於液體製劑中10秒。用紙吸去多餘液體製劑。將葉片重新置於安瓿中，自然晾乾。培養安瓿。 In each test, leaves with enough eggs were immersed in the liquid formulation for 10 seconds. Remove excess liquid preparation with paper. Place the leaf back in the ampoule and let it air dry. Cultivate ampoules.
各試驗重複4次。 Each test was repeated 4 times.
進行對照實驗。 Perform a control experiment.
待對照實驗中孵化完成後，對卵和任何出現的幼蟲的情況進行調查。不能孵化和/或不能正常爬行的幼蟎視為死蟲。 After the incubation in the control experiment is complete, investigate the condition of the eggs and any larvae that appear. Juvenile mites that cannot hatch and / or crawl normally are considered dead.
室內毒性測定結果示於表2：
從表2結果可知，很明顯，本發明的組合物的共毒性係數均大於120，因此具有協同增效效果。 From the results in Table 2, it is clear that the co-toxicity coefficients of the compositions of the present invention are all greater than 120, and therefore have a synergistic effect.
田間試驗 Field trial
當組合物的活性超過當各活性成分單獨施用時的活性總和時，包含兩種活性成分的組合物存在協同作用。兩種活性成分的特定組合的預期作用可使用所謂的"Colby公式"(參見S.R.Colby,"Calculating Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses of Herbicide Combinations“,Weeds 1967,15,20-22)如下計算：
如果X是當活性成分A以施用率m g/ha或濃度m ppm使用時，未處理對照的致死率(%)，Y是當活性成分B以施用率n g/ha或濃度n ppm使用時，未處理對照的致死率(%)，E是當活性成分A和B以施用率m和n g/ha或濃度m和n ppm使用時，未處理對照的致死率(%)，那麼
如果觀察到的實際致死率超過計算值，則組合物的活性是超相加的，換言之，即存在協同作用。 If the actual lethality observed exceeds the calculated value, the activity of the composition is super-additive, in other words, there is synergy.
防治梨木虱的田間試驗： Field trials for controlling Psylla:
試驗時間為3月下旬。試驗於梨木虱卵孵化盛期(孵化率超過60%)時進行。包含一定比例範圍的螺蟎雙酯和汰芬隆的製劑噴灑在梨樹葉片的正反面。每個試驗處理3株梨樹。于施藥後1天、7天、21天和45天用雙目鏡調查葉片上的活蟲數。 The test time is late March. The test was performed during the incubation period of P. pylori eggs (hatching rate exceeded 60%). A formulation containing a range of spirulina diesters and filfenone was sprayed on the front and back of pear leaves. Each experiment treated 3 pear trees. The number of live insects on the leaves was investigated with binoculars 1 day, 7 days, 21 days, and 45 days after application.
計算蟲口致死率和各組合物的防治效果，公式如下：蟲口致死率(%)=(施藥前活蟲數-施藥後活蟲數)*100/施藥前活蟲數防治效果(%)=(藥劑處理組蟲口致死率-空白對照組蟲口致死率)*100/(100-空白對照組蟲口致死率) Calculate the lethal rate of insects and the control effect of each composition, the formula is as follows: the lethal rate of insects (%) = (number of live insects before application-number of live insects after application) * 100 ) = (Pestlet mortality rate in the treatment group-Blank control group fatality rate) * 100 / (100- Blank control group fatality rate)
田間試驗結果如以下表3所示：
從表3試驗結果來看，可以看出包含螺蟎雙酯和汰芬隆的組合物的觀察到的防治效果明顯高於預期的防治效果。包含螺蟎雙酯和汰芬隆的組合物表現出顯著的協同增效作用。並且注意到該效果快速且持久。 From the results of the tests in Table 3, it can be seen that the observed control effect of the composition containing spirotepidate and filfenone is significantly higher than the expected control effect. Compositions containing spirobirox diester and fenfenlon exhibited significant synergistic effects. And notice that the effect is fast and long-lasting.
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