TWI658861B - Improved air grid design for an oxidation or ammoxidation reactor - Google Patents
Improved air grid design for an oxidation or ammoxidation reactor Download PDFInfo
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- TWI658861B TWI658861B TW104110287A TW104110287A TWI658861B TW I658861 B TWI658861 B TW I658861B TW 104110287 A TW104110287 A TW 104110287A TW 104110287 A TW104110287 A TW 104110287A TW I658861 B TWI658861 B TW I658861B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/1818—Feeding of the fluidising gas
- B01J8/1827—Feeding of the fluidising gas the fluidising gas being a reactant
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
- B01J8/44—Fluidisation grids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C253/24—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by ammoxidation of hydrocarbons or substituted hydrocarbons
Abstract
當分佈器系統和空氣格柵之間的距離被控制在6至24英寸(~15至~61cm)、優選地8至12英寸(~20至~30.5cm)內時，商用丙烯腈反應器中不充分的反應物混合以及局部反應器過熱點可顯著地減輕。此外，空氣格柵接觸或離開支撐件的移動和空氣格柵機械失效的問題可借助於用於將空氣格柵附連到反應器的壁以及其內部的支撐梁的改進的系統來基本上完全地消除。 When the distance between the sparger system and the air grille is controlled within 6 to 24 inches (~ 15 to ~ 61cm), preferably 8 to 12 inches (~ 20 to ~ 30.5cm), in commercial acrylonitrile reactors Inadequate reactant mixing and local reactor overheating can be significantly reduced. In addition, the movement of the air grid in contact with or away from the support and the mechanical failure of the air grid can be substantially completely solved by means of an improved system for attaching the air grid to the wall of the reactor and the support beams inside it To eliminate.
Description
本發明係有關於用於氧化或氨氧化反應器的改進的空氣格柵設計。 The present invention relates to an improved air grill design for an oxidation or ammonia oxidation reactor.
在丙烯腈的商業製造中，丙烯、氨和氧按照以下反應圖式一起反應：CH2=CH-CH3+NH3+3/2 O2→CH2=CH-CN+3 H2O通常稱為氨氧化的這個過程在合適的流化床氨氧化催化劑的存在下在高溫下以氣相進行。 In the commercial manufacture of acrylonitrile, propylene, ammonia and oxygen react together according to the following reaction scheme: CH 2 = CH-CH 3 + NH 3 +3/2 O 2 → CH 2 = CH-CN + 3 H 2 O This process, known as ammoxidation, is carried out in the gas phase at elevated temperatures in the presence of a suitable fluidized bed ammoxidation catalyst.
圖1示出了用來進行該過程的典型的氨氧化反應器。如該圖所示，反應器10包括反應器壁12、空氣格柵14、進料分佈器(sparger)16、冷卻盤管18和旋流器(cyclone)20。在正常操作期間，處理空氣(process air)通過空氣入口22充入反應器10中，而丙烯和氨的混合物通過進料分佈器16充入反應器10中。兩者的流量都足夠高，以使反應器內部的氨氧化催化劑的床24流化，在其中發生丙烯和氨向丙烯腈的催化氨氧化。 Figure 1 shows a typical ammoxidation reactor used to perform this process. As shown in the figure, the reactor 10 includes a reactor wall 12, an air grid 14, a feed sparger 16, a cooling coil 18, and a cyclone 20. During normal operation, process air is charged into the reactor 10 through an air inlet 22 and a mixture of propylene and ammonia is charged into the reactor 10 through a feed distributor 16. The flow rates of both are high enough to fluidize the bed 24 of ammonia oxidation catalyst inside the reactor, in which catalytic ammoxidation of propylene and ammonia to acrylonitrile occurs.
由反應產生的產物氣體通過反應器流出物出口 26離開反應器10。在這樣做之前，產物氣體穿過旋流器20，旋流器20去除這些氣體可夾帶的任何氨氧化催化劑，以通過料腿(diplegs)25返回到催化劑床24。氨氧化是高度放熱的，因此使用冷卻盤管18來帶走過量的熱量，從而將反應溫度保持在適當水準。 The product gas produced by the reaction passes through the reactor effluent outlet 26 leaves the reactor 10. Before doing so, the product gas passes through a cyclone 20 which removes any ammonia oxidation catalysts that these gases can entrain to return to the catalyst bed 24 through diplegs 25. Ammonia oxidation is highly exothermic, so the cooling coil 18 is used to remove excess heat, thereby maintaining the reaction temperature at an appropriate level.
丙烯和氨可與氧形成***性混合物。然而，在正常操作溫度下，在反應器10內部由流化的氨化作用催化劑來防止***，該催化劑在***可發生之前優先催化氨氧化反應。相應地，反應器10被設計和操作成使得在正常操作期間允許處理空氣接觸丙烯和氨的唯一地方是在氨氧化催化劑24的流化床內，且因此僅在催化劑的溫度高至足以催化氨氧化反應時。 Propylene and ammonia can form explosive mixtures with oxygen. However, at normal operating temperatures, an explosion is prevented inside the reactor 10 by a fluidized amination catalyst, which preferentially catalyzes the ammoxidation reaction before an explosion can occur. Accordingly, the reactor 10 is designed and operated such that the only place where processing air is allowed to contact propylene and ammonia during normal operation is within the fluidized bed of the ammonia oxidation catalyst 24, and therefore only when the temperature of the catalyst is high enough to catalyze ammonia During the oxidation reaction.
為此，將丙烯和氨進料到反應器10的傳統方式使用諸如在U.S.5,256,810中所示的進料分佈器系統16，該專利的公開內容以引用方式併入本文中。如‘810專利的圖1和圖2(這兩幅圖被重新編號為本文獻的圖2和圖3)中所示，進料分佈器16採取一系列供應管或管道的形式，其包括主集管30和支管(lateral)32，支管32附連到集管30且從集管30分出。一系列面向下的進料噴嘴34被限定在集管30和支管32中，丙烯和氨的混合物在正常反應器操作期間通過進料噴嘴34充入。支管32和進料噴嘴34的數目和間距使得橫跨反應器10的整個橫截面積大致均勻地定位有每平方米總共約10至30個進料噴嘴。 To this end, the traditional way of feeding propylene and ammonia to the reactor 10 uses a feed distributor system 16 such as shown in U.S. 5,256,810, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. As shown in Figures 1 and 2 of the '810 patent (both figures are renumbered as Figures 2 and 3 of this document), the feed distributor 16 takes the form of a series of supply tubes or pipes, which include the main The header 30 and a lateral pipe 32 are attached to and branched from the header 30. A series of downwardly facing feed nozzles 34 are defined in the header 30 and the branch pipe 32, and a mixture of propylene and ammonia is charged through the feed nozzles 34 during normal reactor operation. The number and spacing of the branch pipes 32 and the feed nozzles 34 are such that a total of about 10 to 30 feed nozzles per square meter are positioned approximately uniformly across the entire cross-sectional area of the reactor 10.
通常，每個進料噴嘴34都被進料護罩36包圍，進 料護罩36採取管道的短部段的形式，該管道的內徑為噴嘴34直徑的若干倍。進料護罩36使得穿出噴嘴34的氣體的速度能夠在離開進入催化劑床24之前顯著減慢，這防止了本來可發生的催化劑的崩解(disintegration)。 Generally, each feed nozzle 34 is surrounded by a feed shroud 36. The material shield 36 takes the form of a short section of a pipe whose inner diameter is several times the diameter of the nozzle 34. The feed shroud 36 enables the velocity of the gas exiting the nozzle 34 to be significantly slowed before leaving the catalyst bed 24, which prevents disintegration of the catalyst that could otherwise occur.
處理空氣通常在穿過空氣格柵14之後進入催化劑床24(圖1)，空氣格柵14位於進料分佈器16下方。如熟知的，空氣格柵14通常採取連續的金屬片材的形式，其限定在其中的一系列空氣孔或噴嘴。空氣噴嘴的直徑、穿過空氣格柵14的處理空氣的質量流量和穿過進料分佈器16的丙烯/氨混合物的質量流量經選擇，使得催化劑床24中的氨氧化催化劑在正常操作期間被這些氣體完全流化。 The process air typically enters the catalyst bed 24 (FIG. 1) after passing through an air grid 14, which is located below the feed distributor 16. As is well known, the air grid 14 typically takes the form of a continuous sheet of metal that defines a series of air holes or nozzles therein. The diameter of the air nozzle, the mass flow of the process air through the air grid 14, and the mass flow of the propylene / ammonia mixture through the feed distributor 16 are selected such that the ammonia oxidation catalyst in the catalyst bed 24 is removed during normal operation These gases are completely fluidized.
空氣孔76(在圖5中)通常設有其自己的保護性空氣護罩(未示出)，該護罩通常位於空氣格柵14下方。此外，在許多情況下，進料噴嘴34與空氣格柵14中的空氣噴嘴以一對一關係設置，其中，每個進料護罩36直接對準其對應的空氣噴嘴以促進穿出這兩種不同噴嘴的氣體的快速且充分的混合。就本申請的目的而言，這樣的空氣噴嘴被稱為無蓋的。參見U.S.4,801,731。在其它情況下，空氣噴嘴可具有安裝在其正上方的蓋，以優先地沿格柵水平地(以定向或均勻方式)而不是正對著進料護罩豎直地分配空氣。這些蓋可以是焊接在這樣的空氣噴嘴上方的小金屬罩。將蓋附連到格柵的腿部的設計可選擇成優化水平氣體分佈模式。在空氣孔上方的這些蓋也可設計成防止處於反流化狀態的催化劑(i)通過空氣孔下落和/或(ii)沉降在蓋本身上(例 如，通過具有坡面或由角鐵製成)。 The air hole 76 (in FIG. 5) is usually provided with its own protective air shield (not shown), which is usually located under the air grille 14. In addition, in many cases, the feed nozzles 34 and the air nozzles in the air grille 14 are arranged in a one-to-one relationship, where each feed shroud 36 is directly aligned with its corresponding air nozzle to facilitate penetration of the two Fast and thorough mixing of gases from different nozzles. For the purposes of this application, such air nozzles are referred to as capless. See U.S. 4,801,731. In other cases, the air nozzle may have a cover mounted directly above it to preferentially distribute the air horizontally (in an directional or uniform manner) along the grill rather than vertically facing the feed shroud. These covers may be small metal covers welded over such air nozzles. The design of the legs that attach the cover to the grille can be selected to optimize the horizontal gas distribution pattern. These covers above the air holes can also be designed to prevent the catalyst in a defluidized state (i) from falling through the air holes and / or (ii) from settling on the cover itself (e.g. (Eg, by having a slope or made of angle iron).
雖然這種一般類型的丙烯/氨進料系統效果良好，但其可存在某些缺點。例如，穿出進料分佈器16的丙烯/氨進料混合物與穿出空氣格柵14的空氣的混合可能是不充分的。這會降低反應器性能，導致反應物向產物的不太理想的轉化。 Although this general type of propylene / ammonia feed system works well, it can have certain disadvantages. For example, mixing of the propylene / ammonia feed mixture exiting the feed distributor 16 with air exiting the air grill 14 may be insufficient. This can reduce reactor performance, resulting in less desirable conversion of reactants to products.
此外，由氨氧化催化劑產生的鉬垢(molybdenum scale)可造成一小堆這種鉬垢加上額外量的夾帶的催化劑以小的催化劑堆的形式積聚在空氣格柵14的上表面上。這些堆作用類似於其中氨氧化反應持續發生的微型的靜止或“固定的”催化劑床。因為固定的催化劑床內部的熱傳遞遠弱於在流化床中，所以這些催化劑堆產生局部過熱點，該過熱點的溫度高到足以損壞剛好到達附近的任何流化的催化劑。例如，這樣的溫度高到足以煅燒到達附近的任何流化催化劑的表面，這繼而減小表面積和因此減小催化劑活性。並且，由於形成流化催化劑床的各個催化劑顆粒自由地循環通過其整個體積，所以隨時間推移，這些過熱點可損壞反應器中的流化床催化劑的所有裝料。 In addition, the molybdenum scale produced by the ammonia oxidation catalyst can cause a small pile of this molybdenum scale plus an additional amount of entrained catalyst to accumulate on the upper surface of the air grid 14 in the form of a small catalyst stack. These stacks act like miniature stationary or "fixed" catalyst beds where the ammoxidation reaction continues. Because the heat transfer inside a fixed catalyst bed is much weaker than in a fluidized bed, these catalyst stacks generate local hot spots that are high enough to damage any fluidized catalyst that just arrives nearby. For example, such a temperature is high enough to calcine to the surface of any nearby fluidized catalyst, which in turn reduces the surface area and therefore the catalyst activity. And, since the individual catalyst particles forming the fluidized catalyst bed freely circulate through its entire volume, over time these hot spots can damage all the charge of the fluidized bed catalyst in the reactor.
另外的缺點包括丙烯腈反應器的結構的機械問題。典型的商用丙烯腈反應器在大約400至550℃的相對恒定的溫度下操作，但的確會出現波動。此外，氨氧化反應器必須定期停機，以進行正常維護、催化劑更換等，並且由於突發性的故障，諸如例如電源故障。由於正常操作溫度如此之高，當反應器在環境溫度和正常操作溫度之間轉 變時，反應器內部的溫度變化可高達500℃或以上。這種在低溫和高溫之間的循環可在形成反應器的結構構件上施加相當大的應力，尤其是在它們連接到彼此的地方，因為這些結構構件的固有膨脹和收縮回應於溫度變化而發生。隨著時間推移，這些應力可導致機械失效，尤其是在由焊接形成的接頭處。 Additional disadvantages include mechanical problems with the structure of the acrylonitrile reactor. Typical commercial acrylonitrile reactors operate at relatively constant temperatures of about 400 to 550 ° C, but fluctuations do occur. In addition, the ammonia oxidation reactor must be shut down periodically for normal maintenance, catalyst replacement, etc., and due to sudden failures, such as, for example, a power failure. Because the normal operating temperature is so high, when the reactor turns between ambient and normal operating temperatures As the temperature changes, the temperature inside the reactor can change as high as 500 ° C or more. This cycling between low and high temperatures can place considerable stress on the structural members forming the reactor, especially where they are connected to each other, as the inherent expansion and contraction of these structural members occurs in response to temperature changes . Over time, these stresses can cause mechanical failure, especially at joints formed by welding.
例如，空氣格柵14附連到反應器10的壁12的正常方式在圖4中示出。如圖所示，空氣格柵14由折角(knuckle)44附連到反應器的側壁12，該空氣格柵14採用在其中具有一系列孔的基本上平坦的金屬板40的形式。如在該圖中所示，折角44在橫截面上採用金屬的凹形截面的形式，其上端46與側壁12基本上齊平且由焊縫48焊接到側壁12，並且其下端50與空氣格柵板40的面對的邊緣基本上共平面且由焊縫52焊接到該邊緣。 For example, the normal manner in which the air grill 14 is attached to the wall 12 of the reactor 10 is shown in FIG. 4. As shown, an air grill 14 is attached to the side wall 12 of the reactor by knuckle 44 in the form of a substantially flat metal plate 40 having a series of holes therein. As shown in the figure, the chamfer 44 takes the form of a metal concave cross section in cross section, its upper end 46 is substantially flush with the side wall 12 and is welded to the side wall 12 by a weld 48, and its lower end 50 is connected to the air grid. The facing edge of the grid plate 40 is substantially coplanar and is welded to the edge by a weld 52.
在直徑31英尺(~9.4米)的大型商用丙烯腈反應器中，例如，空氣格柵板40可回應於在反應器啟動和停機期間所經歷的溫度變化而水平地膨脹和收縮多達½英寸(1.27cm)。這在折角44上產生很大的應力，且尤其是在用來將折角44附連到空氣格柵板40和反應器側壁12的焊縫48和52。遺憾的是，隨時間推移，這些應力可導致機械失效，這又需要長的停機時間以進行修理和/或更換。 In a large commercial acrylonitrile reactor with a diameter of 31 feet (~ 9.4 meters), for example, the air grid plate 40 can expand and contract horizontally up to ½ inch in response to temperature changes experienced during reactor startup and shutdown (1.27cm). This creates significant stress on the chamfer 44 and especially the welds 48 and 52 used to attach the chamfer 44 to the air grill plate 40 and the reactor side wall 12. Unfortunately, these stresses can cause mechanical failure over time, which in turn requires long downtimes for repairs and / or replacements.
與上述常規設計相關聯的另一個缺點涉及空氣格柵撓曲。由於在反應器10停機時空氣格柵16必須支撐反應器10內部的催化劑裝料的整個重量，因此需要從下方支 撐空氣格柵板40以適應該重量。通常，這借助於上面擱置空氣格柵板40的工字梁系統來實現。在一些反應器設計中，空氣格柵板40僅擱置在這些工字梁上。遺憾的是，在這些設計中，空氣格柵板40具有在正常操作期間顫動的趨勢，這不僅是由於向上移動通過該空氣格柵板的空氣的力，而且也由於當其溫度升高至正常操作溫度時其固有的膨脹。在其它設計中，空氣格柵板40焊接到這些工字梁的頂部。遺憾的是，在這些設計中，向上移動的空氣的力加上空氣格柵板的固有膨脹可導致這些焊縫的機械失效。 Another disadvantage associated with the conventional design described above relates to air grill deflection. Since the air grid 16 must support the entire weight of the catalyst charge inside the reactor 10 when the reactor 10 is stopped, it needs to be supported from below The air grill plate 40 is supported to accommodate the weight. Usually, this is achieved by means of an I-beam system on which the air grille panel 40 rests. In some reactor designs, the air grid plate 40 rests only on these I-beams. Unfortunately, in these designs, the air grill plate 40 has a tendency to vibrate during normal operation, not only due to the force of the air moving upward through the air grill plate, but also because when its temperature rises to normal Its inherent expansion at operating temperature. In other designs, the air grille plate 40 is welded to the top of these I-beams. Unfortunately, in these designs, the force of the air moving upwards coupled with the inherent expansion of the air grille plate can cause mechanical failure of these welds.
根據本公開的技術，已經發現，當分佈器系統16和空氣格柵14之間的距離被控制在6至24英寸(~15至~61cm)、優選8至12英寸(~20至~30.5cm)內時，反應物混合不充分以及局部反應器過熱點的上述問題可顯著地減輕。此外，還發現的是，空氣格柵顫動和空氣格柵機械失效的上述問題可借助於用於將空氣格柵附連到反應器的壁以及其內部的支撐梁的改進的系統來基本上完全地消除。 According to the technology of the present disclosure, it has been found that when the distance between the spreader system 16 and the air grille 14 is controlled to 6 to 24 inches (~ 15 to ~ 61cm), preferably 8 to 12 inches (~ 20 to ~ 30.5cm) ), The above problems of inadequate mixing of reactants and excessive hot spots in the local reactor can be significantly alleviated. In addition, it has been found that the above problems of air grill flutter and mechanical failure of the air grill can be substantially completely solved by means of an improved system for attaching the air grill to the wall of the reactor and the supporting beams inside it To eliminate.
因此，本公開根據一個特徵提供了一種用於諸如丙烯腈反應器的商用氧化或氨氧化反應器的改進的進料系統，其包括：進料分佈器，其用於將不飽和的和/或飽和的C3至C4烴與氨的混合物供應至反應器的內部；以及空氣格柵系統，其用於將空氣供應至反應器的內部，進料分佈器包括主集管管道和流體附連到主集管管道且從主集管管道 分出的支管管道，主集管管道和支管管道兩者均限定面向下的進料噴嘴，進料分佈器系統還包括與相應的進料噴嘴相關聯的進料護罩，每個進料護罩包括近端，該近端連接到相應的支管管道或集管管道且佈置成將穿出其相應的進料噴嘴的C3至C4烴和氨向下導向進入反應器的內部，空氣格柵系統包括佈置在進料分佈器系統的下方的連續金屬板，連續金屬板限定在其中的一系列空氣孔以用於將處理空氣從連續金屬板的下方朝分佈器系統導向至連續金屬板的上方，其中在連續金屬板的上表面和進料護罩的遠端之間的距離被選擇為在約6至24英寸(~15至~61cm)之間。如本文中所用地，不飽和的和/或飽和的C3至C4烴的混合物是指包括丙烷、丙烯、丁烷、丁烯、以及它們的混合物的C3至C4烴。 Accordingly, the present disclosure provides an improved feed system for a commercial oxidation or ammonia oxidation reactor, such as an acrylonitrile reactor, according to one feature, including: a feed distributor for feeding unsaturated and / or A mixture of saturated C3 to C4 hydrocarbons and ammonia is supplied to the inside of the reactor; and an air grid system for supplying air to the inside of the reactor, the feed distributor includes a main header pipe and a fluid attached to the main Header pipe and from main header pipe The branch pipe, the main header pipe and the branch pipe are separated from each other and define a downward facing feed nozzle. The feed distributor system also includes a feed shield associated with the corresponding feed nozzle. The hood includes a proximal end that is connected to a corresponding branch or header pipe and is arranged to direct C3 to C4 hydrocarbons and ammonia out of their respective feed nozzles into the interior of the reactor, an air grid system Comprising a continuous metal plate arranged below the feed distributor system, a series of air holes defined therein by the continuous metal plate for directing process air from below the continuous metal plate towards the distributor system to above the continuous metal plate, Wherein the distance between the upper surface of the continuous metal plate and the distal end of the feed shield is selected to be between about 6 to 24 inches (~ 15 to ~ 61 cm). As used herein, a mixture of unsaturated and / or saturated C3 to C4 hydrocarbons refers to C3 to C4 hydrocarbons including propane, propylene, butane, butene, and mixtures thereof.
在另一方面，提供了一種用於為氧化或氨氧化反應器供料的方法，其包括將飽和的和/或不飽和的C3至C4烴和氨的混合物通過進料分佈器供應至反應器的內部。進料分佈器包括主集管管道和流體附連到主集管管道且從主集管管道分出的支管管道，主集管管道和支管管道兩者均限定面向下的進料噴嘴。進料分佈器系統還包括與相應的進料噴嘴相關聯的進料護罩，每個進料護罩包括近端，該近端連接到相應的支管管道或集管管道且佈置成將穿出其相應的進料噴嘴的飽和的和/或不飽和的C3至C4烴和氨向下導向進入丙烯腈反應器的內部。該方法還包括將空氣通過空氣格柵系統供應至反應器的內部。空氣格柵系統包括 佈置在進料分佈器系統的下方的連續金屬板，連續金屬板限定在其中的一系列空氣孔以用於將處理空氣從連續金屬板的下方朝分佈器系統導向至連續金屬板的上方。在一方面，在連續金屬板的上表面和進料護罩的遠端之間的距離為約6至約24英寸(約15至約61cm)之間。 In another aspect, a method for feeding an oxidation or ammoxidation reactor is provided, comprising supplying a mixture of saturated and / or unsaturated C3 to C4 hydrocarbons and ammonia to a reactor through a feed distributor internal. The feed distributor includes a main header pipe and a branch pipe where fluid is attached to and branched from the main header pipe, and both the main header pipe and the branch pipe define a downward facing feed nozzle. The feed distributor system also includes a feed shroud associated with a respective feed nozzle, each feed shroud including a proximal end that is connected to a corresponding branch pipe or header pipe and is arranged to pass through The saturated and / or unsaturated C3 to C4 hydrocarbons and ammonia of their respective feed nozzles are directed down into the interior of the acrylonitrile reactor. The method also includes supplying air to the interior of the reactor through an air grill system. Air grill system includes A continuous metal plate disposed below the feed distributor system, the continuous metal plate defining a series of air holes therein for directing process air from below the continuous metal plate toward the distributor system above the continuous metal plate. In one aspect, the distance between the upper surface of the continuous metal plate and the distal end of the feed shield is between about 6 to about 24 inches (about 15 to about 61 cm).
此外，本公開根據另一個特徵提供了一種用於在諸如丙烯腈反應器的商用氧化或氨氧化反應器中使用的改進的空氣格柵系統，該改進的空氣格柵系統包括：連續金屬板，其限定上表面、下表面和在上表面與下表面之間延伸的周邊，該連續金屬板還限定一系列空氣孔以用於將處理空氣從連續金屬板下方朝位於連續金屬板上方的分佈器進料系統導向；以及支撐系統，其用於支撐連續金屬板和可擱置在連續金屬板上的任何氧化或氨氧化催化劑的重量，其中支撐系統包括一系列支撐梁和固定地附連到連續金屬板的下側的一系列支撐件壓具(hold-downs)，每個支撐梁具有接合連續金屬板的下側的上支撐表面，每個支撐件壓具佈置成以如下方式接合在相應的支撐梁中限定在其上表面下方的配合表面，即使得支撐件壓具防止連續金屬板被抬離成系列支撐梁。 Further, the present disclosure provides an improved air grill system for use in a commercial oxidation or ammonia oxidation reactor such as an acrylonitrile reactor according to another feature, the improved air grill system including: a continuous metal plate, It defines an upper surface, a lower surface, and a perimeter extending between the upper and lower surfaces. The continuous metal plate also defines a series of air holes for directing process air from below the continuous metal plate toward a distributor located above the continuous metal plate. Feed system guidance; and a support system for supporting the weight of the continuous metal plate and any oxidation or ammonia oxidation catalyst that can rest on the continuous metal plate, wherein the support system includes a series of support beams and is fixedly attached to the continuous metal A series of support-holds on the underside of the board, each support beam having an upper support surface that engages the underside of a continuous metal plate, each support-holder is arranged to engage the corresponding support as follows The mating surface is defined in the beam below its upper surface, that is, the support press prevents the continuous metal plate from being lifted off into a series of support beams.
在另一方面，提供了一種用於減少商用氧化或氨氧化反應器中的空氣格柵系統的移動的方法。該方法包括提供空氣格柵系統，該空氣格柵系統包括：連續金屬板，其限定上表面、下表面和在上表面與下表面之間延伸的周邊。該連續金屬板還限定用於將處理空氣從連續金屬板的 下方導向至連續金屬板的上方的一系列空氣孔；以及支撐系統，其用於支撐連續金屬板和可擱置在連續金屬板上的任何氧化或氨氧化催化劑的重量。在一方面，支撐系統包括均具有接合連續金屬板的下側的上支撐表面的成系列支撐梁和固定地附連到連續金屬板的下側的成系列支撐件壓具。每個支撐件壓具佈置成以如下方式接合在相應的支撐梁中限定在其上表面下方的配合表面，即使得支撐件壓具防止連續金屬板被抬離成系列支撐梁。 In another aspect, a method is provided for reducing movement of an air grid system in a commercial oxidation or ammonia oxidation reactor. The method includes providing an air grill system including a continuous metal plate defining an upper surface, a lower surface, and a perimeter extending between the upper and lower surfaces. The continuous metal plate also defines a A series of air holes directed down to the top of the continuous metal plate; and a support system to support the weight of the continuous metal plate and any oxidation or ammonia oxidation catalyst that can rest on the continuous metal plate. In one aspect, the support system includes a series of support beams each having an upper support surface that engages a lower side of the continuous metal plate and a series of support presses fixedly attached to the lower side of the continuous metal plate. Each support press is arranged to engage a mating surface defined below its upper surface in a corresponding support beam in such a way that the support press prevents the continuous metal plate from being lifted off into a series of support beams.
此外，本公開根據另一個特徵提供了一種用於在諸如丙烯腈反應器的商用氧化或氨氧化反應器中使用的改進的空氣格柵系統，該改進的空氣格柵系統包括：連續金屬板，其限定上表面、下表面和在上表面與下表面之間延伸的周邊，該連續金屬板還限定一系列空氣孔以用於將處理空氣從連續金屬板的下方朝位於連續金屬板上方的分佈器進料系統導向；以及連接組件，其用於將連續金屬板的周邊附連到氧化或氨氧化反應器的側壁，其中連接組件包括撓性板和配合的隔板，撓性板和隔板各自包括限定頂部和底部的環形金屬片材，撓性板和隔板均佈置成與氧化或氨氧化反應器的側壁基本上一致(congruent)，其中隔板附連到氧化或氨氧化反應器的側壁，其中撓性板的底部附連到連續金屬板的周邊，並且其中撓性板以使得撓性板限定在隔板的底部下方延伸的下部的方式附連到隔板，以使得因反應器內部的溫度變化所導致的連續金屬板的直徑中的偏差可通過使撓性板的下部撓曲而適應。 Further, the present disclosure provides an improved air grill system for use in a commercial oxidation or ammonia oxidation reactor such as an acrylonitrile reactor according to another feature, the improved air grill system including: a continuous metal plate, It defines an upper surface, a lower surface, and a perimeter extending between the upper and lower surfaces. The continuous metal plate also defines a series of air holes for distributing processing air from below the continuous metal plate to above the continuous metal plate. Guide the feeder system; and a connection assembly for attaching the perimeter of a continuous metal plate to the side wall of an oxidation or ammonia oxidation reactor, wherein the connection assembly includes a flexible plate and a mating partition, the flexible plate and the partition Each includes an annular metal sheet defining the top and bottom, and the flexible plates and partitions are each arranged to be substantially consistent with the side walls of the oxidation or ammoxidation reactor, wherein the partitions are attached to the oxidation or ammoxidation reactor. A side wall in which the bottom of the flexible plate is attached to the periphery of a continuous metal plate, and a lower portion in which the flexible plate is defined such that the flexible plate extends below the bottom of the partition Otherwise attached to the partition plate, so that the diameter of the continuous metal sheet due to the temperature change inside the reactor resulting in a deviation can be accommodated by deflection of the lower portion of the flexible plate.
在另一方面，提供了一種用於適應在空氣格柵系統中的撓曲的方法，該方法包括提供連續金屬板，該連續金屬板限定上表面、下表面和在上表面與下表面之間延伸的周邊。連續金屬板還限定一系列空氣孔以用於將處理空氣從連續金屬板的下方導向至連續金屬板的上方，以及用於將連續金屬板的周邊附連到反應器的側壁的連接組件。連接組件包括撓性板和配合的隔板，撓性板和隔板各自包括限定頂部和底部的環形金屬片材。撓性板和隔板均佈置成與反應器的側壁基本上一致，其中隔板附連到反應器的側壁，其中撓性板的底部附連到連續金屬板的周邊，並且其中撓性板以使得撓性板限定在隔板的底部下方延伸的下部的方式附連到隔板，以使得因丙烯腈內部的溫度變化導致的連續金屬板的直徑上的偏差可通過使撓性板的下部撓曲而適應。 In another aspect, a method for adapting to deflection in an air grill system is provided, the method comprising providing a continuous metal plate defining an upper surface, a lower surface, and between an upper surface and a lower surface Extended perimeter. The continuous metal plate also defines a series of air holes for directing process air from below the continuous metal plate to above the continuous metal plate, and a connection assembly for attaching the periphery of the continuous metal plate to the side wall of the reactor. The connection assembly includes a flexible plate and a mating partition, each of which includes an annular metal sheet defining a top and a bottom. Both the flexible plate and the partition are arranged to be substantially consistent with the side wall of the reactor, where the partition is attached to the side wall of the reactor, where the bottom of the flexible plate is attached to the periphery of a continuous metal plate, and where the flexible plate is The flexible plate is attached to the partition in a manner that defines a lower portion extending below the bottom of the partition so that a deviation in the diameter of the continuous metal plate due to a temperature change inside the acrylonitrile can be achieved by flexing the lower portion of the flexible plate To adapt.
10‧‧‧反應器 10‧‧‧ Reactor
12‧‧‧反應器壁/反應器側壁 12‧‧‧reactor wall / reactor side wall
14‧‧‧空氣格柵 14‧‧‧air grill
16‧‧‧進料分佈器(sparger)/進料分佈器系統/空氣格柵 16‧‧‧feed distributor / feed distributor system / air grid
18‧‧‧冷卻盤管 18‧‧‧ cooling coil
20‧‧‧旋流器(cyclone) 20‧‧‧cyclone
22‧‧‧空氣入口 22‧‧‧air inlet
24‧‧‧催化劑床 24‧‧‧ catalyst bed
25‧‧‧料腿(diplegs) 25‧‧‧diplegs
26‧‧‧流出物出口 26‧‧‧Outflow
30‧‧‧集管/主集管 30‧‧‧ header / main header
32‧‧‧支管(lateral) 32‧‧‧ lateral
34‧‧‧進料噴嘴 34‧‧‧feed nozzle
36‧‧‧進料護罩 36‧‧‧feed guard
40‧‧‧金屬板/空氣格柵板 40‧‧‧Metal plate / Air grille plate
44‧‧‧折角 44‧‧‧Folding angle
46‧‧‧上端 46‧‧‧upper
48、52‧‧‧焊縫 48, 52‧‧‧ Welds
50‧‧‧下端 50‧‧‧ lower end
60‧‧‧進料護罩 60‧‧‧Feeding shield
62‧‧‧近端 62‧‧‧ proximal
64‧‧‧遠端 64‧‧‧ remote
70‧‧‧連續金屬板 70‧‧‧ continuous metal plate
72、86‧‧‧上表面 72, 86‧‧‧ Top surface
74‧‧‧下表面 74‧‧‧ lower surface
76‧‧‧空氣孔 76‧‧‧air hole
80‧‧‧支撐系統 80‧‧‧ support system
82‧‧‧支撐梁/工字梁 82‧‧‧Support beam / I-beam
84‧‧‧上部橫部段 84‧‧‧ Upper transverse section
88‧‧‧配合表面 88‧‧‧ mating surface
90‧‧‧支撐桿 90‧‧‧ support bar
92‧‧‧突出部 92‧‧‧ protrusion
94、96‧‧‧空間 94, 96‧‧‧ space
100‧‧‧連接組件 100‧‧‧ Connected components
102‧‧‧撓性板 102‧‧‧flexible plate
104‧‧‧隔板 104‧‧‧ partition
110、112‧‧‧底部 110, 112‧‧‧ bottom
114‧‧‧下部 114‧‧‧lower
圖1是示意圖，其示出了用於製備丙烯腈的常規氨氧化反應器的反應器部段；圖2是平面圖，其示出了圖1的氨氧化反應器的常規分佈器系統的下側；圖3是沿圖2的線3-3截取的剖視圖，圖3示出了圖2的常規分佈器系統的進料噴嘴和相關聯的進料護罩；圖4示出將丙烯腈反應器的空氣格柵附連到反應器的壁的常規方式；圖5是丙烯腈反應器的局部剖視圖，其示出了本公開的 第一特徵，其中通過將空氣格柵和進料分佈器彼此間隔開適當距離而改善了常規的丙烯腈反應器的性能，並且減小了對丙烯腈反應器的某些部件的機械損壞；圖6示出本公開的第二特徵，其中提供了用於支撐丙烯腈反應器的空氣格柵的新型支撐系統；以及圖7示出本公開的第三特徵，其中提供了用於將丙烯腈反應器的空氣格柵14固定到反應器的側壁的獨特連接組件。 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a reactor section of a conventional ammoxidation reactor for preparing acrylonitrile; FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a lower side of the conventional sparger system of the ammoxidation reactor of FIG. 1 Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 of Figure 2, which shows the feed nozzle and associated feed shroud of the conventional distributor system of Figure 2; Figure 4 shows the acrylonitrile reactor Conventional manner of attaching an air grid to the wall of the reactor; FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of an acrylonitrile reactor showing the The first feature, in which the performance of a conventional acrylonitrile reactor is improved and the mechanical damage to certain components of the acrylonitrile reactor is reduced by spacing the air grid and the feed distributor a suitable distance from each other; 6 illustrates a second feature of the present disclosure in which a new support system for supporting an air grill of an acrylonitrile reactor is provided; and FIG. 7 illustrates a third feature of the present disclosure in which an acrylonitrile reaction is provided The air grid 14 of the reactor is fixed to the unique connection assembly of the side wall of the reactor.
圖5示出了本公開的技術的第一特徵，其中空氣格柵14與進料分佈器16間隔開適當距離，特別地6至24英寸(~15至~61cm)。具體而言，如圖所示，進料分佈器16包括多個進料護罩60，每個進料護罩與限定在分佈器系統的集管30或支管32中的相應的進料噴嘴相關聯。每個進料護罩限定連接到其相應的集管30或支管32的近端62和從其遠離的遠端64，其中進料護罩60佈置成將穿出其相應的進料噴嘴的丙烯和氨進料朝空氣格柵14向下導向進入丙烯腈反應器的內部。同時，空氣格柵14採用連續金屬板70的形式，連續金屬板70佈置在進料分佈器16下方並且限定上表面72、下表面74和在上表面72與下表面74之間延伸的一系列空氣孔76，用於將從連續金屬板下方進入氨氧化反應器的處理空氣朝進料分佈器16向上導向。 FIG. 5 illustrates a first feature of the technology of the present disclosure in which the air grille 14 is spaced a suitable distance from the feed distributor 16, particularly 6 to 24 inches (~ 15 to ~ 61 cm). Specifically, as shown, the feed distributor 16 includes a plurality of feed shrouds 60, each feed shroud being associated with a corresponding feed nozzle defined in a header 30 or branch pipe 32 of the distributor system Link. Each feed shroud defines a proximal end 62 connected to its respective header 30 or branch pipe 32 and a distal end 64 remote therefrom, with the feed shroud 60 arranged to pass through its respective feed nozzle And the ammonia feed is directed down towards the air grid 14 into the interior of the acrylonitrile reactor. Meanwhile, the air grille 14 is in the form of a continuous metal plate 70 which is arranged below the feed distributor 16 and defines an upper surface 72, a lower surface 74, and a series extending between the upper surface 72 and the lower surface 74. An air hole 76 is used to guide the processing air entering the ammonia oxidation reactor from below the continuous metal plate toward the feed distributor 16.
根據本發明的該特徵，進料護罩60的遠端64佈置 成在離連續金屬板70的上表面72的距離為6至24英寸(~15至~61cm)處。優選地，進料護罩60的遠端64佈置成在離連續金屬板70的上表面72的距離為8至12英寸(~20至~30.5cm)處。根據本公開的該特徵，已發現的是，不但由不充分的反應物混合導致的較差反應器性能可通過遵循該方法而大大消除，而且對氨氧化催化劑的損壞和由局部反應器過熱點導致的其它問題也可通過遵循該方法而消除或至少大致減少。 According to this feature of the invention, the distal end 64 of the feed shield 60 is arranged The distance from the upper surface 72 of the continuous metal plate 70 is 6 to 24 inches (~ 15 to ~ 61 cm). Preferably, the distal end 64 of the feed shield 60 is arranged at a distance of 8 to 12 inches (~ 20 to ~ 30.5 cm) from the upper surface 72 of the continuous metal plate 70. According to this feature of the present disclosure, it has been discovered that not only the poor reactor performance caused by insufficient reactant mixing can be largely eliminated by following this method, but also damage to the ammonia oxidation catalyst and caused by local reactor overheating Other problems can also be eliminated or at least substantially reduced by following this method.
從理論/概念角度來看，看起來有益的是最小化在空氣格柵14和進料分佈器16之間的距離，因為這似乎有助於在穿出分佈器16的進料氣和穿出空氣格柵16的處理空氣之間的最大可能程度的混合。然而，在實踐中已發現，將空氣格柵14佈置得太靠近進料分佈器16有助於形成反應器過熱點，如上所述。當在空氣格柵14和進料分佈器16之間的距離太小時，連續金屬板70中的一些空氣孔76或進料護罩60的遠端64或兩者變得位於固有地堆積在連續金屬板70的上表面72上的催化劑/鉬垢堆內。這導致丙烯、氨和空氣反應物在這些催化劑堆內部彼此接觸，催化劑堆行為類似於其中熱傳遞較差且因此溫度迅速升高的固定的催化劑床。相應地，在進料護罩60的遠端64和連續金屬板的上表面72之間測量的在空氣格柵14和進料分佈器16之間的距離應為至少6英寸(~15cm)且優選地至少約8英寸(~20cm)，以避免該問題。 From a theoretical / conceptual point of view, it seems beneficial to minimize the distance between the air grid 14 and the feed distributor 16, as this seems to help the feed gas and exit through the distributor 16 The greatest possible degree of mixing between the process air of the air grill 16. However, in practice, it has been found that placing the air grid 14 too close to the feed distributor 16 helps to form reactor hot spots, as described above. When the distance between the air grid 14 and the feed distributor 16 is too small, some of the air holes 76 in the continuous metal plate 70 or the distal end 64 of the feed shroud 60 or both become located inherently stacked in the continuous Inside the catalyst / molybdenum scale stack on the upper surface 72 of the metal plate 70. This causes propylene, ammonia, and air reactants to contact each other inside these catalyst stacks, which behave similarly to fixed catalyst beds where heat transfer is poor and therefore the temperature rises rapidly. Accordingly, the distance between the air grid 14 and the feed distributor 16 measured between the distal end 64 of the feed shield 60 and the upper surface 72 of the continuous metal plate should be at least 6 inches (~ 15 cm) and Preferably at least about 8 inches (~ 20 cm) to avoid this problem.
就在空氣格柵14和進料分佈器16之間的最大距 離而言，已經發現的是，在大於約24英寸(~61cm)的距離處，反應器中的催化劑的一部分，特別是位於空氣格柵14和進料分佈器16之間的部分，不能有效地用於反應中。這降低了丙烯和氨反應物向產物丙烯腈的轉化，這顯然是不利的。相應地，在進料護罩60的遠端64和連續金屬板70的上表面72之間測量的在空氣格柵14和進料分佈器16之間的最大距離保持在不超過約24英寸(~61cm)、優選地不超過18英寸(~45.7cm)、在另一方面不超過14英寸(~35.5cm)、並且在另一方面不超過12英寸(~30.5cm)，以防止發生這種情況。 Maximum distance between air grid 14 and feed distributor 16 In terms of distance, it has been found that at distances greater than about 24 inches (~ 61 cm), a portion of the catalyst in the reactor, particularly the portion between the air grid 14 and the feed distributor 16, is not effective Ground is used in the reaction. This reduces the conversion of propylene and ammonia reactants to the product acrylonitrile, which is clearly disadvantageous. Accordingly, the maximum distance between the air grille 14 and the feed distributor 16 measured between the distal end 64 of the feed shroud 60 and the upper surface 72 of the continuous metal plate 70 is maintained at no more than about 24 inches ( ~ 61cm), preferably no more than 18 inches (~ 45.7cm), no more than 14 inches (~ 35.5cm) on the other hand, and no more than 12 inches (~ 30.5cm) on the other hand to prevent this from happening Happening.
圖6示出了本公開的技術的第二特徵，其中提供了大體用80表示的新型支撐系統以用於支撐空氣格柵14的連續金屬板70的重量，包括可擱置在該連續金屬板上的任何氨氧化催化劑的重量。如在該圖中所示，支撐系統80採用一系列支撐梁82的形式，該支撐梁在特定實施例中顯示為常規的工字梁。每個工字梁82包括上部橫部段84，其限定在其上擱置連續金屬板70的上表面86。此外，每個上部橫部段84的下側限定配合表面88，以用於與由空氣格柵14的連續金屬板70承載的支撐件壓具接合，如下文進一步討論地。 FIG. 6 illustrates a second feature of the technology of the present disclosure in which a new support system, generally designated 80, is provided for supporting the weight of a continuous metal plate 70 of the air grille 14, including a shelf that can rest on the continuous metal plate Weight of any ammoxidation catalyst. As shown in the figure, the support system 80 takes the form of a series of support beams 82 which are shown in certain embodiments as conventional I-beams. Each I-beam 82 includes an upper cross section 84 that defines an upper surface 86 on which a continuous metal plate 70 rests. Further, the underside of each upper cross section 84 defines a mating surface 88 for engagement with a support presser carried by the continuous metal plate 70 of the air grille 14 as discussed further below.
如圖6中進一步所示，一系列支撐桿90焊接到連續金屬板70的下側，支撐桿的每個端部限定突出部(nose)92。如該圖中進一步所示，每個突出部92在相應的工字梁82的上部橫部段84的下側延伸，在那裡，突出部92接合配合表面88。利用該結構，每個支撐桿90起到壓具的作 用，用於使連續金屬板70與工字梁82的上表面86保持接觸，從而防止該連續金屬板由於向上流過該金屬板中的空氣孔76的處理空氣的力而被抬離這些工字梁。 As further shown in FIG. 6, a series of support rods 90 are welded to the underside of the continuous metal plate 70, and each end of the support rods defines a nose 92. As further shown in the figure, each protrusion 92 extends below the upper lateral section 84 of the corresponding I-beam 82, where the protrusion 92 engages the mating surface 88. With this structure, each support rod 90 functions as a press. For keeping the continuous metal plate 70 in contact with the upper surface 86 of the I-beam 82, thereby preventing the continuous metal plate from being lifted away from these tools by the force of the processing air flowing upward through the air holes 76 in the metal plate. Word beam.
如圖6中進一步所示，在每個支撐桿90的端部和工字梁82的面對部分之間佈置有適當的空間94和96，以用於適應由於在啟動和停機期間反應器內部經歷的溫度變化而固有地發生的這些支撐桿的長度中的變化。 As further shown in FIG. 6, appropriate spaces 94 and 96 are arranged between the end of each support rod 90 and the facing portion of the I-beam 82 for adapting to the inside of the reactor due to during startup and shutdown Changes in the length of these support rods inherently occur as a result of changes in temperature.
利用該結構，通過支撐桿90的突出部92接合工字梁82的相應的配合表面88而將連續金屬板70牢固地壓緊在工字梁的上表面86上。可以理解，提供類似的附連方式的其它結構可代替支撐桿90和其相關聯的突出部92來使用。在任何情況下，由於佈置在每個支撐桿90的端部和工字梁82的面對部分之間的空間94和96，作為在啟動和停機期間反應器10內部發生的顯著溫度變化的結果而發生的支撐桿90的長度上的變化通過這些空間來容易地適應。因此，支撐系統80的機械失效被大大消除。 With this structure, the continuous metal plate 70 is firmly pressed against the upper surface 86 of the I-beam by the protrusions 92 of the support rod 90 engaging the corresponding mating surfaces 88 of the I-beam 82. It will be understood that other structures that provide similar means of attachment may be used in place of the support rod 90 and its associated protrusion 92. In any case, due to the spaces 94 and 96 arranged between the end of each support rod 90 and the facing portion of the I-beam 82 as a result of the significant temperature changes that occur inside the reactor 10 during startup and shutdown The changes in the length of the support rod 90 that occur occur easily through these spaces. Therefore, mechanical failure of the support system 80 is largely eliminated.
圖7示出了本公開的技術的第三特徵，其中提供了獨特的連接組件以用於將空氣格柵14的連續金屬板70的周邊固定到反應器10的側壁12。如在該圖中所示，大體用100表示的該連接組件包括撓性板102和配合的隔板104。撓性板102包括細長的金屬片材，其兩端焊接在一起，以使得撓性板102呈現出環形形狀，特別是柱形的右部段形狀。利用該形狀，撓性板102與空氣格柵14所附連到的反應器10的側壁12基本上一致，因為反應器10的中部也成形為柱形形 式。同樣地，隔板104也包括細長的金屬片材，其兩端焊接在一起，以使得隔板104也呈現出環形形狀。 FIG. 7 illustrates a third feature of the technology of the present disclosure, in which a unique connection assembly is provided for fixing the perimeter of the continuous metal plate 70 of the air grille 14 to the side wall 12 of the reactor 10. As shown in the figure, the connection assembly, generally designated 100, includes a flexible plate 102 and a mating bulkhead 104. The flexible plate 102 includes an elongated metal sheet whose two ends are welded together so that the flexible plate 102 assumes a ring shape, particularly a cylindrical right section shape. With this shape, the flexible plate 102 is substantially consistent with the side wall 12 of the reactor 10 to which the air grill 14 is attached, because the middle portion of the reactor 10 is also formed into a cylindrical shape formula. Similarly, the partition 104 also includes an elongated metal sheet whose ends are welded together so that the partition 104 also assumes a ring shape.
如在圖7中進一步所示，隔板104佈置在撓性板102和反應器10的側壁12之間，使得撓性板102限定在隔板104的底部112下方延伸的下部114。優選地，撓性板102的底部110在隔板104的底部112下方延伸約6至約10英寸(約15至約25cm)、更理想地約7至約9英寸(約18至約23cm)的距離。 As further shown in FIG. 7, the partition plate 104 is disposed between the flexible plate 102 and the side wall 12 of the reactor 10 such that the flexible plate 102 defines a lower portion 114 extending below the bottom portion 112 of the partition plate 104. Preferably, the bottom 110 of the flexible plate 102 extends about 6 to about 10 inches (about 15 to about 25 cm), more desirably about 7 to about 9 inches (about 18 to about 23 cm) below the bottom 112 of the partition 104. distance.
如圖7中進一步所示地，撓性板102的底部110優選地通過焊接附連到空氣格柵14的連續金屬板70的周邊。利用該結構，由於在啟動和停機期間反應器10內部發生的溫度上的顯著變化而發生在空氣格柵14的連續金屬板70的直徑中的變化通過撓性板102的下部114(即，在隔板104的底部112下方延伸的撓性板102的部分)的撓曲而容易地適應。因此，將空氣格柵14的連續金屬板70的周邊連接到反應器10的側壁12的接頭的機械失效被大大消除。 As further shown in FIG. 7, the bottom 110 of the flexible plate 102 is preferably attached to the periphery of the continuous metal plate 70 of the air grille 14 by welding. With this structure, a change in the diameter of the continuous metal plate 70 of the air grill 14 due to a significant change in temperature occurring inside the reactor 10 during start-up and shutdown is passed through the lower portion 114 of the flexible plate 102 (i.e. The portion of the flexible plate 102 that extends below the bottom 112 of the partition plate 104) flexes easily to accommodate it. Therefore, the mechanical failure of the joint connecting the periphery of the continuous metal plate 70 of the air grill 14 to the side wall 12 of the reactor 10 is largely eliminated.
本文中所述的各個方面，更具體地圖4-7中所示的方面，可用於具有各種尺寸直徑的反應器。在優選的方面，反應器可具有從約5至約12米、在另一方面約8至約12米、並且在另一方面約9至約11米的外徑。在另一個優選實施例中，當使用在約8至約12米、或約9至約11米之間的反應器外徑時，空氣噴嘴為無蓋的，空氣被豎直地引入反應器中，最優選地豎直地朝進料護罩導向。在一個備選實施例中，當使用在約8至約12米、或約9至約11米之間的反應器外徑時，空氣格柵中的空氣噴嘴為帶蓋的，空氣優先地 被蓋水平地分佈到反應器中。 The various aspects described herein, and more specifically the aspects shown in maps 4-7, can be used for reactors with various sizes and diameters. In a preferred aspect, the reactor may have an outer diameter from about 5 to about 12 meters, on the other hand from about 8 to about 12 meters, and on the other hand from about 9 to about 11 meters. In another preferred embodiment, when a reactor outer diameter between about 8 to about 12 meters, or about 9 to about 11 meters is used, the air nozzle is capless and air is introduced vertically into the reactor, Most preferably it is directed vertically towards the feed shroud. In an alternative embodiment, when using a reactor outer diameter between about 8 to about 12 meters, or about 9 to about 11 meters, the air nozzles in the air grille are covered, and the air preferentially The cover is distributed horizontally into the reactor.
雖然本文中僅描述了本公開的技術的若干實施例，但應當理解，在不脫離本技術的精神和範圍的情況下，可進行許多修改。所有這樣的修改旨在包括在僅由所附申請專利範圍限制的本技術的範圍內。 Although only a few embodiments of the technology of the present disclosure have been described herein, it should be understood that many modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the technology. All such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the technology, which is limited only by the scope of the appended patent applications.
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| US4801731A (en) | 1987-12-14 | 1989-01-31 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Preparation of acrylonitrile |
| WO1991004961A1 (en) * | 1989-10-04 | 1991-04-18 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING α,β-UNSATURATED NITRILE |
| CN1041413C (en) * | 1990-10-20 | 1998-12-30 | 旭化成工业株式会社 | Device for preparing alpha,beta_unsatisfied nitrile |
| CN1080208A (en) * | 1992-06-25 | 1994-01-05 | 中国石油化工总公司 | The distribution device in gas-fluid of fluid-bed catalytic oxidizing reactor |
| KR0169027B1 (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 1999-03-20 | 유미꾸라 레이이찌 | Process for producing unsaturated nitrile |
| EP0832877B1 (en) * | 1996-09-25 | 2001-11-21 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. | Ammoxidation method in fluidized-bed reactor |
| US6743400B2 (en) * | 2001-03-21 | 2004-06-01 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Sparger configuration for fluidized bed hydrocarbon partial oxidation reactors |
| EP2055375B1 (en) * | 2007-10-25 | 2012-05-02 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Hydrogen chloride gaz ejecting nozzle, reaction apparatus for producing thrichlorosilane and method for producing trichlorosilane |
| CN102753262B (en) * | 2010-01-25 | 2016-11-09 | 旭化成株式会社 | Gas phase reaction method |
| JP5770195B2 (en) * | 2010-09-14 | 2015-08-26 | 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 | Vapor phase exothermic reaction method and vapor phase exothermic reactor |
| CN103566838B (en) * | 2012-08-02 | 2018-04-13 | 宁波科元塑胶有限公司 | Acrylonitrile fluidized reaction system and acrylonitrile fluid bed production method |
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