TWI646244B - Underground structure and construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

一種地下式構造物及其建築工法，在確保安全性的基礎上，降低成本和縮短工期。其應用在一半地下構造物(1)，包含：固定於地下(2)的數根縱管(3)、設於數根縱管(3)和地下(2)之間的第1混凝土體(4)、自本體(5)朝直徑方向延伸而出的數根橫管(6)、連結縱管和橫管的直交夾具(7)，以及設於本體(5)和地下(2)之間的第2混凝土體(8)，該第1混凝土體(4)為地下(2)和縱管(3)外周之間的圓環狀混凝土製外覆部，第2混凝土體(8)充填至本體(5)的下部外周圍或底面。 A subterranean structure and its construction method, which reduces costs and shortens the construction period on the basis of ensuring safety. It is applied to half of the underground structure (1), comprising: a plurality of longitudinal pipes (3) fixed to the underground (2), and a first concrete body disposed between the plurality of vertical pipes (3) and the underground (2) ( 4) a plurality of horizontal tubes (6) extending from the body (5) in the diameter direction, a straight fixture (7) connecting the vertical tubes and the horizontal tubes, and being disposed between the body (5) and the underground (2) The second concrete body (8), the first concrete body (4) is an annular concrete outer portion between the underground (2) and the longitudinal pipe (3), and the second concrete body (8) is filled to The lower outer or bottom surface of the body (5).

Description

地下式構造物及其建築工法 Underground structure and construction method

本發明關於一種地下式構造物及其建築工法，特別是指有關於一種可與已設置之建築物相鄰設置、用於防災、避難之地下式構造物及其建築工法。 The invention relates to a underground structure and a construction method thereof, in particular to a underground structure which can be arranged adjacent to an already installed building, used for disaster prevention and refuge, and a construction method thereof.

目前，當發生海嘯或洪水時，通常人們會前往自治團體所規定、位於高處的學校或公民館等公共設施避難。然而，因海嘯的前進速度極快，居住在離避難高處較遠的居民，極有可能來不及避難，因逃避不及而被海嘯吞噬。實際上，在東日本大地震等天災中，因海岸附近的居民無法在短時間內逃往高處避難，而造成許多人罹難。 At present, when a tsunami or flood occurs, people usually go to public facilities such as schools or public halls that are prescribed by the self-governing bodies and are located in high places. However, because the tsunami is advancing at an extremely fast speed, residents living far away from the heights of refuge may not be able to take refuge, and they are swallowed up by the tsunami because they cannot escape. In fact, in the natural disasters such as the Great East Japan Earthquake, residents near the coast could not escape to high places in a short period of time, causing many people to die.

因此，在先前技術之專利文獻1~4等已揭示幾種發明，作為在海嘯發生時用來避難的簡易避難所，以避難所為基礎而加以固定的方式。參考文獻如下： Therefore, several inventions have been disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 4 and the like of the prior art, and are used as a simple shelter for evacuation in the event of a tsunami, and are fixed on the basis of a shelter. The references are as follows:

1、專利文獻1：特許第5390720號 1. Patent Document 1: License No. 5390720

2、專利文獻2：特許第5841953號 2. Patent Document 2: License No. 5841953

3、專利文獻3：新型登錄第3177047號 3. Patent Document 3: New Type Login No. 3177047

4、專利文獻4：新型登錄第3178130號 4. Patent Document 4: New Type Login No. 3178130

專利文獻1所揭示之發明，為固定於建築混凝土基礎之地下避難所，包含：避難所本體，其上方有逃脫入口，下方則有非混凝土製之 強化纖維塑膠、碳纖維、克維拉纖維、聚碳酸酯混凝土、由一種或兩種以上金屬構成，逃脫入口和避難所本體之間以逃脫窗口和逃脫管連結。 The invention disclosed in Patent Document 1 is an underground shelter that is fixed to a concrete foundation of a building, and includes: a body of a shelter having an escape entrance above and a non-concrete bottom. Reinforced fiber plastic, carbon fiber, Kevlar fiber, polycarbonate concrete, composed of one or two or more metals, escapes between the entrance and the body of the shelter to escape the window and escape the pipe joint.

專利文獻2所揭示發明之避難所，其構造為以鋼骨形成略呈球狀多面體之框體，該框體周圍裝設多數面材，構成裝設可開關之門之可密閉式避難所本體，該避難所本體之一半以上埋設於地面，且至少於避難所本體具有給排氣手段，將支撐腳部固定於該避難所本體之下部，於避難所本體周圍充填碎石而埋設。 The refuge of the invention disclosed in Patent Document 2 is configured to form a frame having a substantially spherical polyhedron by a steel skeleton, and a plurality of face materials are disposed around the frame to constitute a sealable refuge body on which a switchable door is mounted. One or more of the refuge bodies are buried on the ground, and at least the refuge body has an air supply and exhaust means, and the support leg portion is fixed to the lower portion of the refuge body, and the gravel body is filled around the refuge body and buried.

專利文獻3所揭示之發明，為將內容量需超過6m³(立方公尺)圓筒狀琺瑯缸埋設於地中，該缸上方平面需低於地面，該降下的空間施以鋼筋混凝土，以保護其不受水壓損壞，該鋼筋混凝土上方，設有耐水壓之氣密構造之出入口用窗。 According to the invention disclosed in Patent Document 3, in order to embed a cylindrical crucible having a content of more than 6 m ³ ( ^m3 ) in the ground, the upper plane of the cylinder needs to be lower than the ground, and the lowered space is subjected to reinforced concrete to It is protected from water pressure damage. Above the reinforced concrete, there is a window for access to the airtight structure.

專利文獻4所揭示發明之防災用地下避難所，為包含本體部和連絡部，該本體部之內部形成避難空間，並具有水密性和耐壓性，以供埋設於地下使用，該連絡部為對該本體部連接、連絡避難空間和地上。連絡部設有一個或數個，連絡部中之至少當作出口利用之連絡部，設為可動狀態，可對本體部朝上下方向昇降規定行程。 The underground refuge for disaster prevention disclosed in Patent Document 4 includes a main body portion and a contact portion, and an internal refuge space is formed in the main body portion, and has watertightness and pressure resistance for use in underground use, and the connection portion is The body portion is connected to and connected to the refuge space and the ground. The contact portion is provided with one or a plurality of contact portions which are used as outlets in the connection portion, and are movable, and the main body portion can be moved up and down in a vertical direction by a predetermined stroke.

然而，先前技術也被指出有以下種種問題： However, the prior art has also been pointed out to have the following problems:

(1)如果降低成本或縮短工期，會導致安全性問題，只好維持高成本和長工期，無法普及到一般家庭，此為問題所在。 (1) If the cost is reduced or the construction period is shortened, it will lead to safety problems, and it has to maintain high cost and long working period, and it is impossible to spread to the general household. This is the problem.

(2)以往固定於建築基礎的地下式構造物，為了打下建築基礎，必須挖掘至深度1800公厘左右。若挖掘深度超過1800公厘，可能會湧出地下水，需要用幫浦將其汲取出來，導致增加成本或延長工 期。若深度超過1500公厘，為了符合土木建築標準，在四周擋土，因此就不得不立起擋土板圍樑，灌注混凝土，需花費工夫和成本。另外，該處也需要有作業人員進入的空間，洞將變大。 (2) Underground structures that were previously fixed to the foundation of the building must be excavated to a depth of about 1800 mm in order to lay the foundation of the building. If the excavation depth exceeds 1800 mm, groundwater may be poured out, and it is necessary to use a pump to take it out, resulting in an increase in cost or an extension of work. period. If the depth is more than 1500 mm, in order to meet the civil engineering standards, the soil is surrounded by the surrounding, so it is necessary to set up the retaining wall and fill the concrete, which requires time and cost. In addition, there is also a space for the operator to enter, and the hole will become larger.

本發明的主要目的即在於提供一種地下式構造物及其建築工法，為追求基礎作業的簡化、效率和降低成本，並提高安全性。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A primary object of the present invention is to provide a subterranean structure and a construction method thereof, which are intended to simplify the simplification, efficiency, and cost reduction of basic operations, and to improve safety.

有鑑於上述種種課題，本發明之地下式構造物，其特徵為包含：固定於地下的數根縱管、設於該數根縱管與地中之間的第1混凝土體、有門和內部空間的本體、自該本體朝直徑方向外側延伸之數根橫管，連結前述縱管和橫管之夾具、設於前述本體和地下之間之第2混凝土體。 In view of the above various problems, the underground structure of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises: a plurality of vertical pipes fixed to the ground, a first concrete body, a door and an interior provided between the plurality of vertical pipes and the ground The main body of the space, the plurality of horizontal pipes extending from the main body in the radial direction, the jig connecting the vertical pipe and the horizontal pipe, and the second concrete body provided between the main body and the underground.

本發明之地下式構造物建築工法，其特徵為包含：於洞周圍之地下立設數根縱管的縱管配置工程、將混凝土灌注至縱管和地下之間空間的縱管固定工程、以夾具將自本體朝直徑方向延伸而出之數根橫管假固定於縱管上部，將前述本體配置於前述洞的假固定工程、以前述夾具調整橫管對縱管的位置，使前述本體呈水平之高度調整工程，以及將混凝土灌注於前述洞和本體之間的基礎建築工程。 The underground structure construction method of the present invention is characterized in that: a longitudinal pipe arrangement project in which a plurality of vertical pipes are arranged underground in a hole, and a vertical pipe fixing project in which concrete is poured into a space between a longitudinal pipe and an underground space, The clamp fixes the plurality of horizontal tubes extending from the main body in the radial direction to the upper portion of the vertical tube, and arranges the main body in the pseudo fixing process of the hole, and adjusts the position of the horizontal tube to the vertical tube by the jig, so that the main body is Horizontal height adjustment works, as well as foundation construction in which concrete is poured between the aforementioned holes and the body.

其中，前述所稱的地下式構造物，除了埋設於地下的構造物外，也包含半地下式構造物。 Among them, the above-mentioned underground structure includes a semi-subterranean structure in addition to the structure buried in the ground.

本體的高度，在此例示為280公分~350公分。如果是半地下式，則地上高度以140公分~300公分為理想。 The height of the body, here exemplified as 280 cm ~ 350 cm. If it is semi-underground, the height of the ground is ideal from 140 cm to 300 cm.

前述內部空間，以設有區隔，將第1室和第2室之內部空間分隔為上下二層，開口設有滑門或開關門為理想。 The aforementioned internal space is partitioned, and the internal space of the first chamber and the second chamber is divided into two upper and lower floors, and the opening is preferably provided with a sliding door or a switch door.

在某些實施方式中，該地下式構造物之本體及縱管之挖掘深度，以低於1500公厘為理想。 In some embodiments, the depth of excavation of the body and the longitudinal tubes of the subterranean structure is preferably less than 1500 mm.

在某些實施方式中，該地下式構造物本體之門，厚度以5公分~20公分、外門和內門以厚度6~15公厘為理想。 In some embodiments, the door of the underground structure body has a thickness of 5 cm to 20 cm, and the outer door and the inner door are preferably 6 to 15 mm thick.

在某些實施方式中，該夾具例示為所謂的垂直夾具。 In some embodiments, the clamp is illustrated as a so-called vertical clamp.

在某些實施方式中，該橫管於施工完成時，以從地上無法看到為理想。亦可凸出於地上，或安裝於木質地板等地上建築物。 In some embodiments, the cross tube is ideal when not visible from the ground when the construction is completed. It can also protrude from the ground or be installed on a building such as a wooden floor.

在某些實施方式中，該地下式構造物，除了避難所外，可適用於人孔蓋、住宅、地下室、農業用容器、通訊設備用容器、上下水道用容器(儲水裝置)、雨水儲水裝置等。 In some embodiments, the underground structure can be applied to a manhole cover, a house, a basement, an agricultural container, a container for a communication device, a container for water and sewage (water storage device), and a rainwater storage, in addition to a shelter. Water device, etc.

透過上述說明，本發明能提供的功效、優點簡述如下： Through the above description, the functions and advantages that the present invention can provide are briefly described as follows:

(1)不需要根據土木建築標準，立起擋土用的擋土板圍樑。可省略建築基礎的建築作業。因此，可大幅簡化以往的作業，降低成本，工期也可縮短。 (1) It is not necessary to erect the retaining plate girder for retaining earth according to the civil engineering standards. The construction work of the building foundation can be omitted. Therefore, the previous work can be greatly simplified, the cost can be reduced, and the construction period can be shortened.

(2)由於本發明所提供的結構主要以半地下式埋設於土中，可提供不必再恐懼海嘯、令人安心又安全的構造物。 (2) Since the structure provided by the present invention is mainly buried in the soil in a semi-subterranean manner, it is possible to provide a structure which is no longer fearful of tsunami, and which is safe and safe.

1‧‧‧構造物 1‧‧‧structure

2‧‧‧地下 2‧‧‧Underground

3‧‧‧縱管 3‧‧‧ longitudinal tube

4‧‧‧第1混凝土體 4‧‧‧1st concrete body

5‧‧‧本體 5‧‧‧Ontology

6‧‧‧橫管 6‧‧‧cross tube

7‧‧‧夾具 7‧‧‧ fixture

8‧‧‧第2混凝土體 8‧‧‧2nd concrete body

50‧‧‧內部空間 50‧‧‧Internal space

51‧‧‧混凝土部 51‧‧‧Concrete Department

52‧‧‧內壁 52‧‧‧ inner wall

53‧‧‧門部 53‧‧‧ Doors

54‧‧‧地板材 54‧‧‧ Flooring

55‧‧‧調整座 55‧‧‧ adjustment seat

56‧‧‧角撐五金 56‧‧‧Corner Hardware

57‧‧‧滑門 57‧‧‧Sliding door

58‧‧‧伸縮棒 58‧‧‧ Telescopic rod

531‧‧‧外門 531‧‧‧External door

532‧‧‧內門 532‧‧‧ Inner door

533‧‧‧框 533‧‧‧ box

534‧‧‧混凝土體 534‧‧‧Concrete body

535‧‧‧凸輪鎖 535‧‧‧ cam lock

536a、536b‧‧‧鉸鏈 536a, 536b‧‧‧ Hinges

537、538‧‧‧墊片或墊圈 537, 538‧‧‧shims or washers

537a、538a‧‧‧突出部 537a, 538a‧‧‧ highlights

539a、b‧‧‧蓋子 539a, b‧‧‧ cover

540‧‧‧凸輪鎖承座 540‧‧‧Cam lock seat

U‧‧‧表層部 U‧‧‧Surface

H‧‧‧洞 H‧‧‧ hole

V‧‧‧縱洞 V‧‧‧ vertical hole

第1圖本發明實施型態的地下式構造物之正面縱剖面圖。 Fig. 1 is a front longitudinal sectional view showing a subterranean structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

第2圖本發明實施型態的地下式構造物之側面縱剖面圖。 Fig. 2 is a side longitudinal sectional view showing the underground structure of the embodiment of the present invention.

第3圖本發明實施型態的地下式構造物之平面縱剖面圖。 Fig. 3 is a plan longitudinal sectional view showing the underground structure of the embodiment of the present invention.

第4圖(a)~(d)分別為本發明實施型態的地下式構造物的門部之 外門之背面圖、側面圖、正面圖和平面圖。 Fig. 4 (a) to (d) are respectively the door portions of the underground structure of the embodiment of the present invention. Rear, side, front and plan views of the outer door.

第5圖(a)~(d)分別為本發明實施型態的地下式構造物的門部之內門之背面圖、側面圖、正面圖和平面圖。 Fig. 5 (a) to (d) are a rear view, a side view, a front view and a plan view, respectively, of the inner door of the door portion of the underground structure according to the embodiment of the present invention.

第6圖(a)~(c)分別為本發明實施型態的地下式構造物的門部之縱剖面圖、透視圖和橫剖面圖。 Fig. 6 (a) to (c) are respectively a longitudinal sectional view, a perspective view and a transverse sectional view of a door portion of a subterranean structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

第7圖同門部之分解剖面圖。 Figure 7 is an exploded cross-sectional view of the same door.

第8圖為表示本發明實施型態的地下式構造物之建築工法的縱管3配置工程和縱管3固定工程的說明圖。 Fig. 8 is an explanatory view showing the arrangement of the vertical pipe 3 and the fixing process of the vertical pipe 3 in the construction method of the underground structure according to the embodiment of the present invention.

第9圖為表示本發明實施型態的地下式構造物之建築工法之假固定工程和高度調整工程之說明圖。 Fig. 9 is an explanatory view showing a dummy fixing process and a height adjusting project of a construction method of a subterranean structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

第10圖為表示本發明實施型態的地下式構造物之建築工法之基礎建築工程之說明圖。 Fig. 10 is an explanatory view showing the basic construction work of the construction method of the underground structure according to the embodiment of the present invention.

為使貴 審查委員能對本發明之特徵與其特點有更進一步之了解與認同，茲列舉以下較佳之實施例並配合圖式說明如下：請參閱第1至10圖，本發明之地下式構造物及其建築工法主要包含有：半地下構造物1(以下稱構造物1)。 In order to enable the reviewing committee to have a better understanding and recognition of the features and characteristics of the present invention, the following preferred embodiments are illustrated as follows: Referring to Figures 1 to 10, the underground structure of the present invention and The construction method mainly includes: a semi-underground structure 1 (hereinafter referred to as structure 1).

該構造物1之特徵為包含：固定於地下之數根縱管3、設於數根縱管3和地下2之間的第1混凝土體4、自本體5朝直徑方向延伸而出之數根橫管6、連結縱管3和橫管6之直交夾具7(以下稱夾具7)，以及設於本體5和地下2之間的第2混凝土體8。 The structure 1 is characterized by comprising: a plurality of vertical pipes 3 fixed to the ground, a first concrete body 4 disposed between the plurality of vertical pipes 3 and the underground 2, and a plurality of extending from the body 5 in the radial direction. The horizontal pipe 6, the orthogonal jig 7 (hereinafter referred to as jig 7) that connects the vertical pipe 3 and the horizontal pipe 6, and the second concrete body 8 provided between the main body 5 and the underground 2.

該些縱管3，為垂直埋設於地下2。在本發明的實施方式 中，該些縱管有四根。 The longitudinal tubes 3 are vertically embedded in the underground 2. Embodiments of the invention There are four of these longitudinal tubes.

該第1混凝土體4，為地下2和縱管3外周之間的圓環狀混凝土製外覆部。 The first concrete body 4 is an annular concrete outer covering portion between the underground 2 and the outer circumference of the vertical pipe 3.

該本體5包含：混凝土部51，該混凝土部51為有底且有天井的圓筒體，有內部空間50，且具有包含版筋(省略圖示)、箍筋(省略圖示)、基礎筋(省略圖示)、縱筋(省略圖示)之鋼筋，設於混凝土部內壁的圓筒形鐵板之內壁52，設於混凝土部51上部的門部53，將內部空間50分割為上下、呈水平配置的地板材54，固定於朝水平方向配置的門部53內側面的調整座55，角撐五金56，可開關開口的滑門57，該開口為以可滑動方式設於地板材54，形成上下連絡通路，以及伸縮棒58，該伸縮棒58為垂吊於天井面，可昇降移動，當下降時，一端部受調整座55支撐，同時另一端受對向的壁面支撐。於內壁52之外周，以溶接方式連接橫管6和角撐五金56。 The body 5 includes a concrete portion 51 which is a cylindrical body having a bottom and a patio, and has an internal space 50 and includes a rib (not shown), a stirrup (not shown), and a base rib. (not shown), the reinforcing bars of the longitudinal ribs (not shown), the inner wall 52 of the cylindrical iron plate provided on the inner wall of the concrete portion, and the door portion 53 provided on the upper portion of the concrete portion 51, dividing the internal space 50 into upper and lower portions The horizontally disposed floor panel 54 is fixed to the adjustment seat 55 on the inner side of the door portion 53 arranged in the horizontal direction, and the gusset hardware 56 can open and close the sliding door 57. The opening is slidably disposed on the floor panel. 54. The upper and lower contact passages are formed, and the telescopic rods 58 are suspended from the patio surface and are movable up and down. When descending, one end portion is supported by the adjustment seat 55 while the other end is supported by the opposite wall surface. On the outer circumference of the inner wall 52, the cross tube 6 and the gusset hardware 56 are connected in a fusion manner.

該門部53內部為空洞，包含：可開關之鐵製外門531、可開關之鐵製內門532、框533，該框533為裝設鉸鏈以開關外門531和內門532，充填於框內部之混凝土體534，安裝於外門531之內側面、安裝於外門531之安裝部535a，於框533上可鎖的數個凸輪鎖535，安裝於框533，可開關外門531和內門532的鉸鏈536a、536b，數個墊片或墊圈537、538，收納上述墊片或墊圈的突出部537a、538a，緊急時可取下，以與外部連絡之蓋539a、539b，以及凸輪鎖承座540。混凝土體534為以鐵板被覆，但亦可使用H型鋼材。門部53亦可採用其中非空洞的實心構造。 The inside of the door portion 53 is hollow, and includes: a switchable iron outer door 531, a switchable iron inner door 532, and a frame 533. The frame 533 is provided with a hinge to open and close the outer door 531 and the inner door 532. The concrete body 534 inside the frame is mounted on the inner side surface of the outer door 531, and mounted on the mounting portion 535a of the outer door 531. The plurality of cam locks 535 lockable on the frame 533 are mounted on the frame 533, and the outer door 531 can be opened and closed. Hinge 536a, 536b of inner door 532, a plurality of spacers or washers 537, 538, protrusions 537a, 538a for accommodating the spacer or washer, removable cover 539a, 539b for emergency contact, and cam lock Seat 540. The concrete body 534 is covered with an iron plate, but an H-shaped steel material can also be used. The door portion 53 can also adopt a solid structure in which it is not hollow.

該橫管6為從該本體5朝直徑方向外側以數根(在此為4根)呈放射狀(在圖中為十字形狀)呈等間隔或適當間隔，與本體5之垂直軸之軸向直交，延伸而出。該橫管6之基部為以混凝土部51覆蓋。 The horizontal tube 6 is axially (in this case, four) radially outward (four in the figure) from the main body 5 at equal intervals or at appropriate intervals, and is axially perpendicular to the vertical axis of the body 5. Straight, extended out. The base of the horizontal tube 6 is covered with a concrete portion 51.

該夾具7，為可沿著維持貫穿縱管3和橫管6之貫通部，和縱向館3朝上下方向移動，於規定位置或所期望之位置，透過螺絲，設置固定部，固定橫管6對縱管3之位置。 The jig 7 is movable along the vertical portion 3 and the horizontal tube 6 and the vertical column 3 in the vertical direction, and is fixed at a predetermined position or a desired position by a screw to fix the horizontal tube 6 The position of the longitudinal tube 3.

該第2混凝土體8為於本體5之下部外周圍或底面所充填之物。亦可於表層部U灌注混凝土。 The second concrete body 8 is filled with the outer periphery or the bottom surface of the lower portion of the body 5. Concrete can also be poured into the surface portion U.

該外周表層部U為回填的土或混凝土所構成之部分。 The peripheral surface portion U is a portion of backfilled soil or concrete.

以下說明地下式構造物之建築工法： The following is a description of the construction method for underground structures:

1、首先挖掘用來將本體5以半地下式埋入的洞H，以及用來固定縱管3的縱向洞V。於縱向洞V立設數根(在此為4根)縱管3，以單管鑽洞機將縱管3垂直打入地下2(縱管配置工程)。 1. First, the hole H for burying the body 5 in a semi-subterranean manner and the longitudinal hole V for fixing the vertical pipe 3 are excavated. A plurality of (here, four) vertical pipes 3 are erected in the longitudinal hole V, and the vertical pipe 3 is vertically driven into the underground 2 by a single pipe drilling machine (longitudinal pipe arrangement engineering).

2、將混凝土灌入縱管3和縱向洞V之空隙(縱管3周圍的空間)，形成第1混凝土體4，以固定縱管3(縱管固定工程)。縱管3的上部於上方露出。將夾具7埋設於第1混凝土體4，是為了藉由夾具7與第1混凝土體4結合，防止縱管3之縱向錯位。 2. The concrete is poured into the gap between the vertical pipe 3 and the longitudinal hole V (the space around the vertical pipe 3) to form the first concrete body 4 to fix the vertical pipe 3 (longitudinal pipe fixing project). The upper portion of the vertical pipe 3 is exposed at the top. The jig 7 is embedded in the first concrete body 4 in order to be coupled to the first concrete body 4 by the jig 7, and the longitudinal displacement of the vertical pipe 3 is prevented.

3、以起重機等將本體5吊下，置於洞H，將朝直徑方向呈十字狀延伸而出之數根橫管6，以夾具7假固定於縱管3之上部，將本體5之下部，假固定於洞H(假固定工程)。於縱管設置數個可上下調整位置的夾具7。以可移動本體5之垂吊狀態固定。 3. The main body 5 is suspended by a crane or the like, placed in the hole H, and a plurality of horizontal tubes 6 extending in a cross shape in a diametrical direction are fixed to the upper portion of the vertical tube 3 by the jig 7, and the lower portion of the main body 5 is placed. , false fixed in hole H (fake fixed project). A plurality of jigs 7 capable of adjusting the position up and down are provided in the vertical pipe. It is fixed in the hanging state of the movable body 5.

4、以夾具7調整橫管6對縱管3的位置，以使本體5呈水平(高度 調整工程)。如上述調整位置後，以螺絲固定橫管6對縱管3的縱向位置。這樣露出於地表的夾具7連結縱管3和橫管6。 4. Adjust the position of the horizontal tube 6 to the longitudinal tube 3 with the clamp 7 so that the body 5 is horizontal (height) Adjustment project). After adjusting the position as described above, the longitudinal position of the horizontal tube 6 to the longitudinal tube 3 is fixed by screws. The jig 7 thus exposed to the surface connects the vertical pipe 3 and the horizontal pipe 6.

5、將混凝土灌入洞H和本體5之間，形成第2混凝土體8，將縱管3的上部分裁切適當長度，蓋上蓋子(基礎建築工程)。灌注混凝土時，亦可接著於表層部U灌注混凝土，亦可回填土。該縱管3和橫管6不露出。注入洞H、未凝固的混凝土，為水的2.5倍比重，因為來自混凝土對本體5作用的浮力大，因此本體5的容積越大，會使得浮力的作用越大。混凝土的浮力為1立方公尺1噸。藉由這樣的浮力，對縱管3和夾具7施以負荷，夾具7可能會脫落或破損。因此，於本體5的內部空間50之下部加水。藉此可防止浮力。施工後，以幫浦(省略圖示)將內部50的水抽出。 5. The concrete is poured between the hole H and the body 5 to form the second concrete body 8, and the upper portion of the vertical pipe 3 is cut to an appropriate length, and the cover is closed (basic construction work). When the concrete is poured, the concrete may be poured into the surface portion U or backfilled. The vertical tube 3 and the horizontal tube 6 are not exposed. The injection hole H and the unsolidified concrete are 2.5 times the specific gravity of the water. Since the buoyancy from the concrete acting on the body 5 is large, the larger the volume of the body 5, the greater the effect of the buoyancy. The buoyancy of concrete is 1 cubic meter and 1 ton. By such buoyancy, the longitudinal tube 3 and the jig 7 are subjected to a load, and the jig 7 may be detached or broken. Therefore, water is added to the lower portion of the internal space 50 of the body 5. This prevents buoyancy. After the construction, the water in the interior 50 is taken out by a pump (not shown).

6、當該構造物1完成後，亦可於地上部設置木質地板、防衝撞柵欄。例如多設置一些縱管3，不裁切縱管3的地表部，將縱管3用作安裝木質地板的支撐部材或防衝撞柵欄。另外，若將縱管3的地表部，作為開放門53時的固定部材，以鎖安裝的話，即可防止地震時門53因其重量而意外移動，提高安全性。若於縱管3內部灌注混凝土，重量和強度就會提高。 6. When the structure 1 is completed, a wooden floor and an anti-collision fence may be provided on the ground. For example, a plurality of vertical pipes 3 are provided, the ground portion of the vertical pipe 3 is not cut, and the vertical pipe 3 is used as a support member or an anti-collision fence for mounting a wooden floor. In addition, when the surface portion of the vertical pipe 3 is fixed as a fixing member when the door 53 is opened, the door 53 can be prevented from being accidentally moved due to its weight during the earthquake, thereby improving safety. If concrete is poured into the longitudinal pipe 3, the weight and strength will increase.

7、當發生災後，人們到構造物1避難時，打開外門531，關閉後鎖上凸輪鎖535，關於內門532。自天井降下伸縮棒58，以螺絲延伸長度，使另一端受對向的壁面支撐，同時與調整座55的一端部嵌合，轉動調整座55，將其鎖上，呈支撐狀態。藉 此，即使施加門53的外力，亦可防止門53破壞或意外開啟。 7. When the disaster occurs, when the person evacuates to the structure 1, the outer door 531 is opened, and after closing, the cam lock 535 is locked, and the inner door 532 is closed. The telescopic rod 58 is lowered from the ceiling to extend the length of the screw so that the other end is supported by the opposite wall surface, and at the same time, it is fitted to one end portion of the adjustment base 55, and the adjustment seat 55 is rotated to lock it in a supported state. borrow Thus, even if an external force of the door 53 is applied, the door 53 can be prevented from being broken or accidentally opened.

說明本實施型態的地下式構造物1及其建築工法的效果： The effect of the underground structure 1 of this embodiment and its construction method is explained:

(1)因為縱管3和橫管6以夾具直交而連結，可不需根據土木建築標準，立起擋土板圍樑進行擋土。因此，以往的作業可望大幅簡化，成本降低，工期也縮短了。 (1) Since the vertical pipe 3 and the horizontal pipe 6 are connected by the straightness of the jig, it is not necessary to raise the retaining wall of the retaining plate to retain the soil according to the civil engineering standard. Therefore, the conventional work is expected to be greatly simplified, the cost is reduced, and the construction period is also shortened.

(2)可提供令人安心的安全構造物，不需再擔心海嘯威脅。本實施型態的地下式構造物，為可抵禦地震和海嘯的堅固構造。相對的，依以往的海嘯而漂浮的移動式地下式構造物，則無法因地震避難而留在該場所，亦會面對受海浪侵擾而不安。且年長者或肢障者亦難以安全地避難。漂浮型的地下式構造物，在海嘯的濁流中會劇烈搖晃，居住性並不穩定。 (2) Provides a reassuring safety structure without the need to worry about the tsunami threat. The underground structure of this embodiment is a strong structure capable of resisting earthquakes and tsunamis. In contrast, mobile underground structures floating on the past tsunami cannot stay in the site due to earthquake evacuation, and they will also be disturbed by waves. Older people or people with physical disabilities are also difficult to evacuate safely. The floating underground structure will shake sharply in the turbidity of the tsunami, and the dwelling is not stable.

(3)本發明除了避難所外，亦可適用於人孔蓋、住宅、地下室、農業用容器、通訊設備用容器、上下水道用容器(儲水裝置)、雨水儲水裝置等。 (3) The present invention can be applied to a manhole cover, a house, a basement, an agricultural container, a container for a communication device, a container for water and sewage (water storage device), a rainwater storage device, and the like, in addition to a shelter.

綜上所述，本發明構成結構與建築工法均未曾見於諸書刊或公開使用，誠符合發明專利申請要件，懇請 鈞局明鑑，早日准予專利，至為感禱。 In summary, the structure and construction method of the present invention have not been seen in various books or publicly used, and it is in line with the requirements of the invention patent application, and the 钧局明鉴, as soon as the patent is granted, is a prayer.

需陳明者，以上所述乃是本發明之具體實施立即所運用之技術原理，若依本發明之構想所作之改變，其所產生之功能仍未超出說明書及圖式所涵蓋之精神時，均應在本發明之範圍內，合予陳明。 It is to be understood that the above is the technical principle immediately applied to the specific implementation of the present invention. If the function of the present invention is changed, the function produced by the present invention does not exceed the spirit of the specification and the drawings. All should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

一種地下式構造物，主要包含有：多個固定於地下的數根縱管；一設於該數根縱管和地下之間的第1混凝土體；一具有門和內部空間的本體；自該本體朝直徑方向之外側延伸而出的數根橫管；連結前述縱管和該橫管的夾具；以及設於該本體和地下之間的第2混凝土體。 An underground structure mainly comprises: a plurality of longitudinal pipes fixed to the ground; a first concrete body disposed between the plurality of vertical pipes and the underground; a body having a door and an inner space; a plurality of horizontal tubes extending from the outer side in the diametrical direction; a jig connecting the vertical tube and the horizontal tube; and a second concrete body disposed between the main body and the underground. 一種地下式構造物建築工法，主要包含有：於洞周圍的地下立設數根縱管的縱管配置工程；將混凝土灌入縱管和地下之間空間的縱管固定工程；將自本體朝直徑方向延伸而出的數根橫管，假固定於縱管上部，將前述本體配置於前述洞的假固定工程；以前述夾具調整橫管對縱管的位置，以使前述本體呈水平之高度調整工程；以及將混凝土灌入前述洞和本體之間的基礎建築工程。 The utility model relates to a underground structure construction method, which mainly comprises: a vertical pipe arrangement project in which a plurality of vertical pipes are arranged underground in a hole; a vertical pipe fixing project for pouring concrete into a space between a vertical pipe and an underground; a plurality of horizontal tubes extending in the diameter direction are falsely fixed to the upper portion of the vertical tube, and the main body is disposed in the dummy fixing work of the hole; and the position of the horizontal tube to the vertical tube is adjusted by the clamp so that the body is horizontal Adjustment works; and the construction of concrete into the foundation between the aforementioned hole and the body.