TWI624676B - Detection method of maintaining checkpoint for distribution transformer with instrument assistance - Google Patents
Detection method of maintaining checkpoint for distribution transformer with instrument assistance Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明有關於一種以儀器輔助配電變壓器維護檢點之檢測方法，其檢測步驟先利用一超音波檢測器對準一配電變壓器，檢測其一放電訊號，若放電訊號之大小為6 dB~25 dB之範圍內，則標記一次；以一紅外線熱像儀量測配電變壓器之複數個接點，檢視複數個接點之外觀，以及是否異常發熱；再以紅外線熱像儀量測配電變壓器之一桶身溫度，若桶身溫度介於75℃~90℃之間，且一線電流顯示未過載，則標記一次；以及統計標記次數，若標記一次，代表配電變壓器之吊回檢修時間提前一年，若標記兩次，代表配電變壓器需馬上吊回檢修。The invention relates to a detection method for maintaining inspection points of an auxiliary transformer of a distribution transformer. The detection step first uses an ultrasonic detector to align a distribution transformer to detect a discharge signal. If the discharge signal has a size of 6 dB~25 dB. Within the range, mark once; measure the plurality of contacts of the distribution transformer with an infrared camera, examine the appearance of the plurality of contacts, and whether the heat is abnormal; and measure the barrel of the distribution transformer with an infrared camera Temperature, if the barrel temperature is between 75 °C and 90 °C, and the first-line current shows no overload, mark once; and count the number of marks, if marked once, the distribution transformer repair time is one year ahead, if marked Twice, on behalf of the distribution transformer, it needs to be hoisted and repaired immediately.
Description
本發明係有關於一種以儀器輔助配電變壓器維護檢點之檢測方法，尤其係指一種能夠精進目前配電變壓器之檢測過程的方法，讓檢修人員在維護、檢查配電變壓器時以多種儀器協助進行維護與檢查，且提供實際的標準，使檢修人員得以判斷配電變壓器是否有吊回檢修的必要，並有效地調整配電變壓器維護週期及汰換年限。The invention relates to a detection method for maintaining inspection points of an auxiliary transformer of an instrument, in particular to a method capable of refining the detection process of the current distribution transformer, so that the maintenance personnel assist in maintenance and inspection with various instruments while maintaining and inspecting the distribution transformer. And provide the actual standards, so that the maintenance personnel can judge whether the distribution transformer is necessary to hoist and repair, and effectively adjust the distribution transformer maintenance period and replacement period.
按，電力事業包含發電、輸電及配電，其中發電廠於利用石化能源產生電力後，則經超高壓變電所將電壓提升至345kV，以進行電路傳輸，且在電力輸送過程中，若有特高壓等級之用戶，則將345kV降為161kV或69kV以提供特高壓用戶使用。又，配電系統係將161/69kV降壓至22.8/11.4kV之系統，其主要供應為22.8/11.4kV之高壓用戶，以及將22.8/11.4kV再降壓至380V、220V與110V之低壓用戶，可知配電系統較靠近用戶端，致使配電設備之運維情況將關係到民眾之用電安全，故強化配電設備及配電變壓器之維護程序，以提升配電系統之運轉安全，隸屬目前重要之工程問題。According to the electric power business, power generation, transmission and distribution are used. After the power plant generates electricity using petrochemical energy, the voltage is raised to 345kV by the UHV substation for circuit transmission, and in the process of power transmission, if there is special For users with high voltage ratings, the 345kV is reduced to 161kV or 69kV for UHV users. In addition, the power distribution system is to reduce the 161/69kV to 22.8/11.4kV system, and its main supply is high voltage users of 22.8/11.4kV, and low voltage users who will step down to 22.8/11.4kV to 380V, 220V and 110V. It can be seen that the power distribution system is closer to the user end, so that the operation and maintenance of the power distribution equipment will be related to the safety of the people. Therefore, the maintenance procedures of the power distribution equipment and the distribution transformer are strengthened to improve the operational safety of the power distribution system, and it is an important engineering problem.
配電變壓器可分為亭置式變壓器及桿上型變壓器，而桿上變壓器又可分為普通型、密封型、及改良型，此三種變壓器之內部構造及設計皆有差異，且因變壓器裝設位置及方式等不同，將會受到不同外在因素影響，其使用壽命也將可能降低。國內配電變壓器數量繁多，至2015年為止國內的配電變壓器共有1,321,378具，其中用於架空線路之桿上變壓器共有817,289 具；用於地下線路之亭置式變壓器共有504,089 具，而為提升用電可靠度及變壓器使用壽命，電力公司對於配電變壓器規定一年之中需要進行2~4次的巡視、1~2次的檢點以及十二年1次的吊檢作業，相較於國外的作法，臺灣算是相當頻繁的檢查；然而，國內的巡視以及檢點仍然是以目視檢查為主，因此許多配電變壓器的細節係僅憑肉眼無法檢查出來，再者，目前配電變壓器之使用壽命大多可達約20年左右，品質已經算是相當穩定，因此過於頻繁的巡視作業反而無益於配電變壓器的維護。The distribution transformer can be divided into a pavilion-type transformer and a pole-type transformer, and the transformer on the pole can be divided into a common type, a sealed type, and an improved type. The internal structure and design of the three types of transformers are different, and the transformer is installed. Different methods and methods will be affected by different external factors, and their service life will also be reduced. There are a large number of domestic distribution transformers. Up to 2015, there were 1,321,378 distribution transformers in China, including 817,289 transformers for overhead lines and 504,089 transformers for underground transmissions. And the service life of the transformer, the power company requires 2 to 4 inspections, 1 to 2 inspections, and 12 inspections per year for the distribution transformer. Compared to foreign practices, Taiwan It is a fairly frequent inspection; however, domestic inspections and inspections are still based on visual inspections. Therefore, the details of many distribution transformers cannot be checked by the naked eye. Moreover, the service life of distribution transformers is currently about 20 years. Left and right, the quality is already quite stable, so too frequent inspections are not conducive to the maintenance of distribution transformers.
爰此，如何提供一種符合現在配電變壓器檢測需求之檢測方法，使檢修人員不僅僅憑著目視去檢查配電變壓器之外觀，而能以儀器輔助檢測到配電變壓器之內部使用狀況，以準確判斷該配電變壓器是否需要馬上吊回檢修。In this way, how to provide a detection method that meets the requirements of the current distribution transformer detection, so that the maintenance personnel can not only check the appearance of the distribution transformer by visual inspection, but also can detect the internal use condition of the distribution transformer with the instrument to accurately judge the distribution. Whether the transformer needs to be hoisted and repaired immediately.
今，發明人即是鑑於上述現有之配電變壓器之檢測方法於實際實施使用時仍具有多處缺失，於是乃一本孜孜不倦之精神，並藉由其豐富專業知識及多年之實務經驗所輔佐，而加以改善，並據此研創出本發明。Now, the inventor is in view of the above-mentioned existing distribution transformer detection method, which still has many defects in actual implementation, so it is a tireless spirit, and with its rich professional knowledge and years of practical experience, Improvements have been made and the present invention has been developed based on this.
本發明主要目的為提供一種以儀器輔助配電變壓器維護檢點之檢測方法，其係以標記點數的方式來判斷配電變壓器的健康狀態，並透過多種檢測儀器協助檢修人員對配電變壓器進行檢測，非僅憑藉著檢修人員以肉眼去目視檢測配電變壓器，本發明能讓檢修人員更完整且更準確的判斷配電變壓器的狀態。The main object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting maintenance points of an auxiliary transformer of a distribution transformer, which is to judge the health status of the distribution transformer by means of marking points, and assist the maintenance personnel to detect the distribution transformer through various detection instruments, not only By means of the maintenance personnel to visually inspect the distribution transformer with the naked eye, the invention enables the maintenance personnel to judge the state of the distribution transformer more completely and accurately.
為了達到上述實施目的，本發明一種以儀器輔助配電變壓器維護檢點之檢測方法，其檢測方法除了配電變壓器之外觀檢測外，包含有：超音波感測器量測，係利用一超音波感測器對準一配電變壓器，檢測其一放電訊號，若該放電訊號之大小為6 dB~25 dB之範圍內，則標記一次；紅外線熱像儀量測接點，係以紅外線熱像儀量測配電變壓器複數個接點是否異常發熱；紅外線熱像儀量測桶溫，利用紅外線熱像儀量測配電變壓器桶身溫度，若該桶身溫度介於75℃~90℃之間，且量測線電流若顯示未過載，則標記一次；以及統計標記次數，若標記一次，代表該配電變壓器之吊回檢修時間提前一年，若標記兩次，代表該配電變壓器需馬上吊回檢修。In order to achieve the above-mentioned implementation object, the present invention relates to a method for detecting a maintenance checkpoint of an instrument-assisted distribution transformer, and the detection method includes: in addition to the appearance detection of the distribution transformer, an ultrasonic sensor is measured, and an ultrasonic sensor is used. Align a distribution transformer and detect a discharge signal. If the discharge signal is in the range of 6 dB~25 dB, mark it once. The infrared camera measures the contact point and measures the power distribution by infrared camera. Whether the plurality of contacts of the transformer are abnormally hot; the infrared camera measures the temperature of the barrel, and measures the temperature of the barrel of the distribution transformer by using an infrared camera, if the temperature of the barrel is between 75 ° C and 90 ° C, and the measuring line If the current is not overloaded, mark it once; and count the number of marks. If it is marked once, it means that the distribution and repair time of the distribution transformer is one year ahead of time. If it is marked twice, it means that the distribution transformer needs to be hoisted and repaired immediately.
於本發明之一實施例中，配電變壓器之外觀包括外殼、頂蓋、固定元件、接地端子、套管以及鐵心。In an embodiment of the invention, the appearance of the distribution transformer includes a housing, a top cover, a fixing component, a grounding terminal, a sleeve, and a core.
於本發明之一實施例中，放電訊號若超過25 dB，則代表配電變壓器需馬上吊回檢修。In an embodiment of the invention, if the discharge signal exceeds 25 dB, the distribution transformer needs to be immediately hoisted for inspection.
於本發明之一實施例中，複數個接點之外觀鏽蝕或無法判斷不良情形時，代表配電變壓器需馬上吊回檢修。In an embodiment of the present invention, when the appearance of the plurality of contacts is corroded or the failure condition cannot be judged, the distribution transformer is required to be immediately hoisted for inspection.
於本發明之一實施例中，複數個接點包括有配電變壓器之一次端子、二次端子、肘型接頭以及接地線鎖點。In an embodiment of the invention, the plurality of contacts include a primary terminal of the distribution transformer, a secondary terminal, an elbow joint, and a grounding wire lock point.
於本發明之一實施例中，桶身溫度若超過90℃，則代表配電變壓器需馬上吊回檢修。In an embodiment of the invention, if the temperature of the barrel exceeds 90 ° C, the distribution transformer needs to be immediately hoisted for inspection.
於本發明之一實施例中，線電流為小於1標么時，代表未過載。In an embodiment of the invention, when the line current is less than 1 mark, it represents no overload.
本發明之目的及其結構功能上的優點，將依據以下圖面所示之結構，配合具體實施例予以說明，俾使審查委員能對本發明有更深入且具體之瞭解。The object of the present invention and its structural and functional advantages will be explained in conjunction with the specific embodiments according to the structure shown in the following drawings, so that the reviewing committee can have a more in-depth and specific understanding of the present invention.
請參閱第一圖，本發明一種以儀器輔助配電變壓器維護檢點之檢測方法，其檢測步驟包含有：超音波感測器量測、紅外線熱像儀量測接點、紅外線熱像儀量測桶溫、以及統計標記次數。請再一併參閱第二圖，為本發明其較佳實施例之流程方塊圖，該超音波感測器量測步驟，係利用一超音波檢測器對準一配電變壓器，檢測其一放電訊號，若放電訊號小於6 dB，則進行紅外線熱像儀量測接點步驟，若放電訊號之大小為6 dB~25 dB之範圍內，則標記一次再進行紅外線熱像儀量測接點步驟，放電訊號若超過25 dB，則代表配電變壓器需馬上吊回檢修，其中配電變壓器之外觀係不具有裂痕，若具有裂痕代表配電變壓器需馬上吊回檢修，其中，配電變壓器之外觀包括外殼、頂蓋、固定元件、接地端子、套管以及鐵心；該紅外線熱像儀量測接點步驟係以一紅外線熱像儀量測配電變壓器之複數個接點，包括有配電變壓器之一次端子、二次端子、肘型接頭以及接地線鎖點，檢視複數個接點之外觀狀態，以及是否有因鏽蝕而異常發熱，若有則需馬上吊回檢修，若為無法判斷發熱原因等無法於現場處理情形時則須吊回檢修，若接點異常發熱為固定不良，則擇日停電於現場改善；該紅外線熱像儀量測桶溫步驟：以紅外線熱像儀量測配電變壓器之一桶身溫度，若桶身溫度介於75℃~90℃之間，且進一步量測線電流顯示未過載(線電流為小於1標么時，代表未過載)，則標記一次，桶身溫度若超過90℃，則代表配電變壓器需馬上吊回檢修；最後統計標記次數，若綜合上述檢測結果為標記一次，代表配電變壓器之吊回檢修時間提前一年，若標記兩次，代表配電變壓器需馬上吊回檢修，此外，配電變壓器之外觀、超音波檢測以及紅外線檢測之結果皆可於配電設備巡檢管理系統(DAMS)上進行記錄。Please refer to the first figure. The invention discloses a method for detecting maintenance points of an auxiliary transformer of a distribution transformer. The detection steps include: ultrasonic sensor measurement, infrared camera measurement contact, infrared camera measurement barrel. Temperature, as well as the number of statistical markers. Please refer to the second figure, which is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The ultrasonic sensor measuring step uses an ultrasonic detector to align a distribution transformer to detect a discharge signal. If the discharge signal is less than 6 dB, perform the infrared camera measurement contact step. If the size of the discharge signal is within the range of 6 dB~25 dB, mark the test once again and then perform the infrared camera measurement contact step. If the discharge signal exceeds 25 dB, it means that the distribution transformer needs to be hoisted and repaired immediately. The appearance of the distribution transformer is not cracked. If there is a crack, the distribution transformer needs to be hoisted and repaired immediately. The appearance of the distribution transformer includes the outer casing and the top cover. The fixing component, the grounding terminal, the sleeve and the core; the infrared camera measuring the contact step is to measure a plurality of contacts of the distribution transformer by an infrared camera, including a primary terminal and a secondary terminal of the distribution transformer , elbow joints and grounding wire lock points, check the appearance of a plurality of joints, and whether there is abnormal heat due to corrosion, if necessary, it is necessary to hoist and repair immediately If it is impossible to judge the cause of fever, etc., it is necessary to hoist back to the repair. If the abnormal heat of the contact is fixed, the daytime power failure will be improved on site; the infrared camera will measure the temperature of the barrel: infrared The thermal imager measures the temperature of one of the distribution transformers. If the barrel temperature is between 75 °C and 90 °C, and the further measurement line current shows no overload (when the line current is less than 1 standard, it means no overload) If the temperature of the barrel exceeds 90 °C, it means that the distribution transformer needs to be hoisted and repaired immediately; finally, the number of statistical marks is counted. If the above test result is marked once, the maintenance time of the distribution transformer is one year ahead of time. Marked twice, the distribution transformer needs to be immediately hoisted for inspection. In addition, the appearance of the distribution transformer, ultrasonic detection and infrared detection results can be recorded on the distribution equipment inspection management system (DAMS).
藉此，以超音波感測器以及紅外線熱像儀協助檢修人員進行更精確的檢測，而透過統計配電變壓器的溫度變化及外觀表現等資訊，以制定出檢測過程的判斷標準，使檢修人員不只有倚靠自己過往的檢測經驗去做判斷。In this way, the ultrasonic sensor and the infrared thermal imager are used to assist the maintenance personnel to perform more accurate detection, and the statistical analysis of the temperature variation and appearance of the distribution transformer is used to formulate the judgment standard of the detection process, so that the maintenance personnel do not Only rely on your past testing experience to make judgments.
此外，藉由下述具體實施例，可進一步證明本發明可實際應用之範圍，但不意欲以任何形式限制本發明之範圍。In addition, the scope of the invention may be further exemplified by the following specific examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
本發明之較佳實施檢測流程可參閱第二圖所示，檢修人員出外檢修時，皆會配置一台配電設備巡檢管理系統(DAMS)設備，其係能夠將配電變壓器之位置顯示於電子地圖上，且提供檢修人員記錄檢測過程中的問題，並且規劃安排配電變壓器檢測的進度。The preferred implementation detection process of the present invention can be seen in the second figure. When the maintenance personnel go out for maintenance, a distribution equipment inspection management system (DAMS) device is configured, which can display the position of the distribution transformer on the electronic map. On, and provide maintenance personnel to record problems during the inspection process, and plan to schedule the progress of distribution transformer testing.
首先，檢修人員會先檢查配電變壓器之外觀，但不侷限只用肉眼目視的方式去檢查，因架空之配電變壓器設備會位於12公尺高之桿上，若單純以肉眼查看，較無法檢查出較細部的耗損，係能藉由望遠鏡檢視配電變壓器之外觀結構，一般外觀檢查項目如表一所示。First of all, the maintenance personnel will first check the appearance of the distribution transformer, but it is not limited to visual inspection by the naked eye. The overhead distribution transformer equipment will be located on the pole of 12 meters high. If it is simply viewed by the naked eye, it is impossible to check out. The wear and tear of the thinner part can be used to examine the appearance of the distribution transformer by telescope. The general visual inspection items are shown in Table 1.
表一：<TABLE border="1" borderColor="#000000" width="85%"><TBODY><tr><td> 檢查項目 </td><td> 設備情形 </td></tr><tr><td> 外殼、頂蓋 </td><td> 是否漏油、嚴重破損或生鏽 </td></tr><tr><td> 固定元件 </td><td> 是否嚴重破損、髒污及生鏽 </td></tr><tr><td> 接地端子 </td><td> 是否鬆脫、斷裂 </td></tr><tr><td> 套管 </td><td> 有無嚴重破損、龜裂及漏油 </td></tr><tr><td> 異常聲響 </td><td> 明顯鐵心激磁音、震動及共振音 </td></tr></TBODY></TABLE> Table 1: <TABLE border="1"borderColor="#000000"width="85%"><TBODY><tr><td> Checking the project</td><td> Device situation</td></tr ><tr><td> Enclosure, top cover</td><td> Is it leaking, severely damaged or rusted</td></tr><tr><td> Fixing element</td><td> Is it severely damaged, dirty and rusted</td></tr><tr><td> Grounding terminal </td><td> Is it loose or broken?</td></tr><tr><td > Casing </td><td> Is there any serious damage, cracking and oil leakage</td></tr><tr><td> Abnormal sound </td><td> Significant iron excitation, vibration and resonance Sound</td></tr></TBODY></TABLE>
由外觀檢查過程中，若有表一所敘述之外觀嚴重缺陷的情形，可能會影響現場安全或運轉之穩定性，係須直接吊回檢修並更換組件。During the visual inspection process, if there is a serious defect in the appearance described in Table 1, it may affect the safety of the site or the stability of the operation. It is necessary to directly hoist and repair the components and replace the components.
又，除了外觀之檢查，再輔以儀器進行更精密的檢測，首先以超音波檢測器對準配電變壓器進行量測，於方圓20公尺內量測放電訊號，若放電訊號大於標準值6 dB，則須以查看套管是否有髒污或放電痕出現，若發現放電痕則吊回更換套管，且因超音波訊號易受到背景雜訊影響，或設備處於放電初期，套管缺陷尚未出現，致使放電訊號雖大於標準值，但並未發現缺陷情形時，僅以一次量測值作為檢測結果，並不妥當，故於數分鐘後再次量測，若數次量測結果皆大於25 dB，則可能表示此具變壓器放電嚴重，須吊回檢修；唯若數次量測結果皆大於6 dB，但並未達25 dB，則可能表示此具變壓器雖有輕微放電情形，但短期內尚不易發生故障，即由檢修人員於配電設備巡檢管理系統(DAMS)中標記一次，再進行下一步驟之檢測，若放電訊號小於6 dB，亦進行下一步驟之檢測；其中，放電標準整理如表二。In addition, in addition to the inspection of the appearance, supplemented by the instrument for more precise detection, the ultrasonic detector is first aligned with the distribution transformer for measurement, and the discharge signal is measured within a square of 20 meters. If the discharge signal is greater than the standard value of 6 dB , it is necessary to check whether the casing is dirty or the discharge mark appears. If the discharge mark is found, the replacement casing is hoisted, and the ultrasonic defect is easily affected by the background noise, or the equipment is in the initial stage of discharge, the casing defect has not appeared yet. If the discharge signal is larger than the standard value, but the defect is not found, it is not appropriate to use only one measurement value. Therefore, it is measured again after a few minutes. If the measurement results are greater than 25 dB. , it may indicate that the transformer has serious discharge and must be hoisted for overhaul; if the measurement results are more than 6 dB, but not up to 25 dB, it may indicate that the transformer has a slight discharge, but in the short term It is not easy to be faulty, that is, it is marked once by the maintenance personnel in the distribution equipment inspection management system (DAMS), and then the next step is detected. If the discharge signal is less than 6 dB, the next step is also checked. ; Wherein the discharge finishing standard as shown in Table II.
表二 :<TABLE border="1" borderColor="#000000" width="85%"><TBODY><tr><td> 訊號大小(dB) </td><td> 放電程度 </td><td> 處理方式 </td></tr><tr><td> 小於6 dB </td><td> 無放電現象或放電程度極小 </td><td> 設備健康 </td></tr><tr><td> 6~25dB </td><td> 輕微放電 </td><td> 標記一次，並檢查零組件是否有缺陷出現 </td></tr><tr><td> 大於25dB </td><td> 放電嚴重 </td><td> 吊回檢修 </td></tr></TBODY></TABLE> Table 2: <TABLE border="1"borderColor="#000000"width="85%"><TBODY><tr><td> Signal size (dB) </td><td> Discharge level</td><td> Processing method</td></tr><tr><td> Less than 6 dB </td><td> No discharge or minimal discharge</td><td> Equipment health</td></tr><tr><td> 6~25dB </td><td> Slightly Discharge </td><td> Mark once and check if the component is defective</td></tr><tr><td> greater than 25dB </td><td> severe discharge</td><td> hang back to repair</td></tr></TBODY></TABLE>
再者，進一步以紅外線熱像儀進行配電變壓器之溫度量測，於檢測之前，需先考量到環境因素的變化才能建立溫度檢測時的標準，本發明以桿上型變壓器與亭置式變壓器作為標準的制定，其中影響配電變壓器最大的環境因素應為日照以及風速，因此，發明人以不同時刻之日照以及不同時間的風速觀察配電變壓器溫度上的影響。Furthermore, the temperature measurement of the distribution transformer is further carried out by an infrared thermal imager. Before the detection, it is necessary to consider the change of environmental factors to establish the standard for temperature detection. The present invention uses a pole-type transformer and a pavilion-type transformer as a standard. The formulation of the most important environmental factors affecting the distribution transformer should be sunshine and wind speed. Therefore, the inventors observed the influence of the temperature of the distribution transformer on the sunshine at different times and the wind speed at different times.
不同時刻之日照影響：Sunshine effects at different times:
1.係將桿上型變壓器擷取其鐵心、繞組、絕緣油及外殼進行建模，使放置於北緯23度、東經122度，周圍溫度約為33℃，尚不考慮風速影響，於此環境中觀察自早上6點受日照至下午4點之溫度變化，其中桿上型變壓器運轉於負載1標么，可發現於日照時，桿上型變壓器早上6點至下午3點之外殼溫度約為75℃至90℃之間，但於下午4點時，即使桿上型變壓器運轉於額定負載，外殼溫度仍可高於90度，而繞組最熱點溫度約比外殼溫度高約10~15度，其可能會加速絕緣劣化情形；未受日照時，早上6點至下午4點之外殼溫度約為75℃~78℃。1. Model the iron-core, winding, insulating oil and outer casing of the pole-type transformer to be placed at 23 degrees north latitude and 122 degrees east longitude. The ambient temperature is about 33 °C, and the wind speed is not considered. It is observed that the temperature change from 7:00 am to 4 pm in the morning, where the on-pole transformer is running at the load of 1 standard, it can be found that in the case of sunshine, the temperature of the outer casing of the pole-type transformer is about 6 am to 3 pm. Between 75 ° C and 90 ° C, but at 4 pm, even if the on-pole transformer is running at rated load, the case temperature can still be higher than 90 degrees, and the hot spot temperature of the winding is about 10 to 15 degrees higher than the case temperature. It may accelerate the deterioration of the insulation; when it is not exposed to sunlight, the case temperature is about 75 ° C ~ 78 ° C from 6 am to 4 pm.
2.係將亭置式變壓器擷取其鐵心、繞組、絕緣油、保護熔絲、鐵心上部固定架及外殼進行建模，使放置於北緯23度、東經122度，周圍溫度約為33℃，尚不考慮風速影響，於此環境中觀察自早上6點受日照至下午4點之溫度變化，其中亭置式變壓器運轉於負載1標么，可發現於日照時，亭置式變壓器早上6點至下午4點之外殼溫度約為73℃至87℃之間，但於下午4點後，即使亭置式變壓器運轉於額定負載，外殼溫度仍可接近90度，而繞組最熱點溫度約比外殼溫度高約10~15度，其可能會加速絕緣劣化情形；未受日照時，早上6點至下午4點之外殼溫度皆約保持在73℃。2. The platform-type transformer draws its core, winding, insulating oil, protective fuse, iron core upper fixing frame and outer casing to be modeled so that it is placed at 23 degrees north latitude, 122 degrees east longitude, and the ambient temperature is about 33 ° C. Regardless of the influence of wind speed, the temperature change from 7:00 am to 4 pm is observed in this environment. Which pavilion-type transformer is running on the load 1 mark, it can be found in the sunshine, the pavilion-type transformer is 6 am to 4 pm The case temperature of the point is between 73 ° C and 87 ° C, but after 4 pm, even if the pavilion-mounted transformer is running at rated load, the case temperature can be close to 90 degrees, and the hot spot temperature of the winding is about 10 higher than the case temperature. ~15 degrees, which may accelerate the insulation degradation; when not exposed to sunlight, the case temperature is kept at 73 °C from 6 am to 4 pm.
不同風速之影響：The effects of different wind speeds:
1.係將上述桿上型變壓器放置於北緯23度、東經122度，不考慮太陽輻射影響，周圍風速為1 m/s至6 m/s，於此環境中觀察自變壓器受風吹之時間的溫度變化；於1 m/s風速之風吹1~10小時，可發現外殼溫度約降低1℃；於2 m/s風速之風吹1~10小時，最高可下降約8℃；於3 m/s風速之風吹1~10小時，最高可下降約13℃；於4 m/s風速之風吹1~10小時，最高可下降約15℃；於6 m/s風速之風吹1~10小時，最高可下降約19℃；可知桿上型變壓器溫度下降與持續風吹時間有關聯，風速越快冷卻效果越好，亦會影響桶身溫度，繞組最熱點溫度也會下降。1. The above-mentioned pole-type transformer is placed at 23 degrees north latitude and 122 degrees east longitude. Regardless of the influence of solar radiation, the surrounding wind speed is 1 m/s to 6 m/s. In this environment, the time when the transformer is blown by the wind is observed. Temperature change; when the wind is blown for 1~10 hours at a wind speed of 1 m/s, the temperature of the outer casing can be reduced by about 1 °C; for 1~10 hours at a wind speed of 2 m/s, the maximum drop can be about 8 °C; at 3 m/s The wind speed wind blows for 1~10 hours, the maximum drop can be about 13 °C; the wind blows at 4 m/s wind speed for 1~10 hours, the highest can drop about 15 °C; at 6 m/s wind speed, the wind blows for 1~10 hours, the highest can be The drop is about 19 ° C; it can be seen that the temperature drop of the on-pole transformer is related to the continuous wind blow time. The faster the wind speed, the better the cooling effect will also affect the barrel temperature, and the hot spot temperature of the winding will also decrease.
2.係將上述亭置式變壓器放置於北緯23度、東經122度，不考慮太陽輻射影響，周圍風速為1 m/s至6 m/s，於此環境中觀察自變壓器受風吹之時間的溫度變化；於1 m/s風速之風吹1~10小時，可發現外殼溫度約降低3℃；於2 m/s風速之風吹1~10小時，最高可下降約11℃；於3 m/s風速之風吹1~10小時，最高可下降約15℃；於4 m/s風速之風吹1~10小時，最高可下降約18℃；於5 m/s風速之風吹1~10小時，最高可下降約20℃；於6 m/s風速之風吹1~10小時，最高可下降約22℃；可知亭置式變壓器溫度下降與持續風吹時間有關聯，風速越快冷卻效果越好，亦會影響桶身溫度，繞組最熱點溫度也會下降。2. The above-mentioned pavilion-type transformer is placed at 23 degrees north latitude and 122 degrees east longitude. Regardless of the influence of solar radiation, the surrounding wind speed is 1 m/s to 6 m/s. In this environment, the temperature from the time when the transformer is blown by the wind is observed. Change; when the wind speed of 1 m / s wind blows for 1~10 hours, the temperature of the outer casing can be reduced by about 3 °C; when the wind speed of 2 m/s wind blows for 1~10 hours, the maximum temperature can be reduced by about 11 °C; at 3 m/s wind speed When the wind blows for 1~10 hours, the maximum temperature can drop by about 15 °C; when the wind speed of 4 m/s wind blows for 1~10 hours, the maximum temperature can drop by about 18 °C; when the wind speed of 5 m/s wind blows for 1~10 hours, the maximum can be lowered. About 20 ° C; blowing at 6 m / s wind speed for 1 to 10 hours, the maximum can be reduced by about 22 ° C; it can be known that the temperature drop of the pavilion-type transformer is related to the continuous wind blowing time, the faster the wind speed, the better the cooling effect will also affect the barrel At the temperature, the hot spot temperature of the winding also drops.
據此，發明人將桿上型變壓器與亭置式變壓器之不同時刻日照與不同風速對變壓器溫度之影響整理成表三，係結合日照以及風吹時的情形。Accordingly, the inventors have arranged the influence of the sunshine and the different wind speeds on the transformer temperature at the different moments of the pole-type transformer and the pavilion-type transformer in Table 3, which is a combination of sunshine and wind blowing.
表三：<TABLE border="1" borderColor="#000000" width="85%"><TBODY><tr><td> 日照 風速 </td><td> 蔭涼時 </td><td> 早上10時 </td><td> 下午2時 </td><td> 下午4時 </td></tr><tr><td> 無風 </td><td> 0 </td><td> +8~10℃ </td><td> +12~14℃ </td><td> +14~16℃ </td></tr><tr><td> 軟風(1m/s) (樹葉微擺) </td><td> -1~-2℃ </td><td> +6~+8℃ </td><td> +10~+12℃ </td><td> +12~+14℃ </td></tr><tr><td> 微風(3m/s) (樹葉摩擦聲) </td><td> -7~-9℃ </td><td> -1~+1℃ </td><td> +3~+5℃ </td><td> +5~+7℃ </td></tr><tr><td> 和風(6m/s) (樹枝搖動) </td><td> -12~-13℃ </td><td> -5~-3℃ </td><td> -1~+1℃ </td><td> +1~+3℃ </td></tr></TBODY></TABLE> Table 3: <TABLE border="1"borderColor="#000000"width="85%"><TBODY><tr><td> Sunshine Wind Speed</td><td> When Shade </td><td> 10 am </td><td> 2 pm </td><td> 4 pm </td></tr><tr><td> no wind</td><td> 0 </td><td> +8~10°C </td><td> +12~14°C </td><td> +14~16°C </td></tr><tr><td> soft wind (1m/ s) (leaf sway) </td><td> -1~-2°C </td><td> +6~+8°C </td><td> +10~+12°C </td><td> +12~+14°C </td></tr><tr><td> Breeze (3m/s) (leaf friction) </td><td> -7~-9°C </td ><td> -1~+1°C </td><td> +3~+5°C </td><td> +5~+7°C </td></tr><tr><td> Zephyr (6m/s) (twig shake) </td><td> -12~-13°C </td><td> -5~-3°C </td><td> -1~+1°C </td><td> +1~+3°C </td></tr></TBODY></TABLE>
由表三可知，當配電變壓器運轉於悶熱無風且無雲朵遮蔽的夏日時，配電變壓器溫升可達約16℃，此時繞組最熱點溫度可達105℃以上，而大多配電變壓器採用A級絕緣材料(耐熱溫度105℃)，當繞組溫度大於105℃以上時，將對絕緣紙產生嚴重破壞，且溫度亦有可能係由負載量而受到影響。因此，考量到現場檢修人員量測判斷方便性及可行性，且參考IEEE Std C57.91對於變壓器絕緣壽命之規範，將桶溫量測標準整理如表四。As can be seen from Table 3, when the distribution transformer is running in a hot summer without cloud and cloudless, the temperature rise of the distribution transformer can reach about 16 °C. At this time, the hot spot temperature of the winding can reach above 105 °C, and most of the distribution transformers use Class A insulation. The material (heat-resistant temperature 105 ° C), when the winding temperature is greater than 105 ° C, will cause serious damage to the insulation paper, and the temperature may also be affected by the load. Therefore, consider the convenience and feasibility of on-site maintenance personnel measurement and judgment, and refer to IEEE Std C57.91 for the specification of transformer insulation life, and the barrel temperature measurement standards are summarized in Table 4.
表四：<TABLE border="1" borderColor="#000000" width="85%"><TBODY><tr><td> 桶溫量測值 </td><td> 運轉情形 </td><td> 負載量 </td><td> 處理方式 </td></tr><tr><td> 小於75 ℃ </td><td> 運轉正常 </td><td> 小於1標么 </td><td> － </td></tr><tr><td> 75~90 ℃ </td><td> 輕微超載或因天氣因素使溫度略升，但繞組溫度仍於絕緣紙耐熱範圍內 </td><td> 1至1.3標么之間 </td><td> 量測線電流以確認是否過載 </td></tr><tr><td> 大於90 ℃ </td><td> 嚴重超載，絕緣將快速劣化 </td><td> 大於1.3標么 </td><td> 吊回檢修 </td></tr></TBODY></TABLE> Table 4: <TABLE border="1"borderColor="#000000"width="85%"><TBODY><tr><td> barrel temperature measurement</td><td> operation situation</td><td> Load </td><td> Processing </td></tr><tr><td> Less than 75 °C </td><td> Normal operation</td><td> Less than 1 </td><td> - </td></tr><tr><td> 75~90 °C </td><td> slight overload or slight increase in temperature due to weather factors, but the winding temperature is still Insulation paper heat resistance range </td><td> 1 to 1.3 mark </td><td> Measure line current to confirm whether overload </td></tr><tr><td> is greater than 90 °C </td><td> Severe overload, insulation will deteriorate rapidly</td><td> is greater than 1.3 mark </td><td> hang back to repair</td></tr></TBODY></ TABLE>
因此，根據表四所提供之桶溫量測標準，本發明係以紅外線熱像儀進行配電變壓器之溫度量測，其分為兩部分，第一部分以紅外線熱像儀檢查配電變壓器複數個接點端子異常之發熱情形，所述複數個接點包括有配電變壓器之一次端子、二次端子、肘型接頭以及接地線鎖點，接點異常發熱之原因通常係為接點鏽蝕或固定不良，可使用望遠鏡或肉眼查看，若為固定不良情形時，可擇日停電改善；若發熱原因為鏽蝕或無法判斷之情形時，則吊回檢修工廠更換組件或進行詳細檢查。第二部分為量測變壓器桶身溫度，當溫度超過標準溫度但未超過最高容許溫度90℃時，必須量測線電流，並檢查是否過載，若線電流為小於1標么表示無過載，則由檢修人員於配電設備巡檢管理系統(DAMS)中標記一次，若為過載則需吊回檢修；若超過最高容許溫度90℃時，表示絕緣劣化快速，須吊回檢修，並進行負載分割或更換較大容量之配電變壓器。Therefore, according to the barrel temperature measurement standard provided in Table 4, the present invention performs the temperature measurement of the distribution transformer by the infrared camera, which is divided into two parts, and the first part checks the plurality of contacts of the distribution transformer by the infrared camera. In the case of abnormal heating of the terminal, the plurality of contacts include a primary terminal of the distribution transformer, a secondary terminal, an elbow joint, and a grounding wire lock point, and the abnormal heat of the contact is usually caused by corrosion or poor fixing of the contact. Use a telescope or the naked eye to check. If it is a bad condition, you can choose a day outage to improve. If the cause of the heat is rust or can not be judged, then return to the inspection factory to replace the components or perform a detailed inspection. The second part is to measure the temperature of the transformer barrel. When the temperature exceeds the standard temperature but does not exceed the maximum allowable temperature of 90 °C, the line current must be measured and checked for overload. If the line current is less than 1 mark, it means no overload. It shall be marked once by the maintenance personnel in the Distribution Equipment Inspection and Management System (DAMS). If it is overloaded, it shall be hoisted and overhauled; if it exceeds the maximum allowable temperature of 90 °C, it means that the insulation deteriorates rapidly, it must be hoisted for inspection and repaired, and the load is divided or Replace the larger capacity distribution transformer.
據此，完成檢測之配電變壓器，除了直接吊回檢修之配電變壓器，其他配電變壓器應於配電設備巡檢管理系統(DAMS)中有三種狀態的標記，第一，若配電變壓器無被檢修人員標記，即表示為0點，代表配電變壓器相當健康，尚未有需要維修之徵兆；第二，若標記次數為一次，即表示為1點，代表此配電變壓器之運轉情況需注意，其吊回檢修時間應提前一年；第三，若標記次數為兩次，即表示為2點，代表該配電變壓器已經有相當程度之耗損，需要馬上吊回檢修，以確保使用上之安全。According to this, the distribution transformer that completes the test, in addition to the distribution transformer directly hoisted back to the repair, other distribution transformers should be marked with three states in the distribution equipment inspection management system (DAMS). First, if the distribution transformer is not marked by the maintenance personnel , which means 0 point, which means that the distribution transformer is quite healthy, and there is no sign of need for maintenance. Secondly, if the number of markings is once, it means 1 point, which means that the operation of the distribution transformer needs attention, and it is hoisted for inspection time. It should be one year in advance; thirdly, if the number of markings is two, it means 2 points, which means that the distribution transformer has already suffered a considerable degree of wear and tear, and it needs to be hoisted and repaired immediately to ensure the safety of use.
由上述之實施說明可知，本發明與現有技術相較之下，本發明具有以下優點：It can be seen from the above description that the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
1.本發明以儀器輔助配電變壓器維護檢點之檢測方法係利用超音波檢測器以及紅外線熱像儀輔助檢修人員檢測配電變壓器之狀態，使檢修人員可以不只憑著肉眼進行檢查，能藉由檢測儀器的協助，以及標記點數的記錄，清楚知道配電變壓器目前的使用狀況，藉此，甚至可以減少一年2~4次的巡視次數以及一年1~2次的檢點次數，降低檢修人員的工作壓力。1. The invention adopts an ultrasonic detector and an infrared thermal imager to detect the state of the distribution transformer by using an ultrasonic detector and an infrared thermal imager, so that the maintenance personnel can perform inspection not only by the naked eye but also by the detection instrument. The assistance, as well as the record of the number of points, clearly know the current use of the distribution transformer, thereby even reducing the number of inspections 2 to 4 times a year and the number of inspections 1 to 2 times a year, reducing the work of the maintenance personnel. pressure.
2.本發明以儀器輔助配電變壓器維護檢點之檢測方法係提供確切的標準讓檢修人員可以直接參考儀器量測出之數值決定是否需要直接吊回檢修，相較於過往大多需要仰賴檢修人員的經驗，而導致不必要檢修的可能，本發明以完善且標準化的檢測方法提供配電變壓器有良好的檢測流程。2. The invention adopts the instrument-assisted distribution transformer maintenance checkpoint detection method to provide an exact standard for the maintenance personnel to directly refer to the measured value of the instrument to determine whether it is necessary to directly retire the repair, compared with the experience of the maintenance personnel in the past. In view of the possibility of unnecessary maintenance, the present invention provides a good detection flow for the distribution transformer with a perfect and standardized detection method.
綜上所述，本發明之以儀器輔助配電變壓器維護檢點之檢測方法，的確能藉由上述所揭露之實施例，達到所預期之使用功效，且本發明亦未曾公開於申請前，誠已完全符合專利法之規定與要求。爰依法提出發明專利之申請，懇請惠予審查，並賜准專利，則實感德便。In summary, the detection method of the instrument-assisted distribution transformer maintenance checkpoint of the present invention can achieve the intended use efficiency by the above-disclosed embodiments, and the present invention has not been disclosed before the application, and has been completely completed. Meet the requirements and requirements of the Patent Law.爰Issuing an application for a patent for invention in accordance with the law, and asking for a review, and granting a patent, is truly sensible.
惟，上述所揭之圖示及說明，僅為本發明之較佳實施例，非為限定本發明之保護範圍；大凡熟悉該項技藝之人士，其所依本發明之特徵範疇，所作之其它等效變化或修飾，皆應視為不脫離本發明之設計範疇。The illustrations and descriptions of the present invention are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention; those skilled in the art, which are characterized by the scope of the present invention, Equivalent variations or modifications are considered to be within the scope of the design of the invention.
無no
第一圖：本發明其較佳實施例之主要檢測流程方塊圖。First Figure: A block diagram of the main detection flow of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
第二圖：本發明其較佳實施例之流程方塊圖。Second Figure: A block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997024742A1 (en) * | 1995-12-27 | 1997-07-10 | Quiet Power Systems, Inc | Method and apparatus for locating partial discharge in electrical transformers |
| US7646308B2 (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2010-01-12 | Eaton Corporation | System for monitoring electrical equipment and providing predictive diagnostics therefor |
| TWM415299U (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2011-11-01 | jun-chao Wang | Test device for three-dimensional thermal image transformer |
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2017
- 2017-08-01 TW TW106125889A patent/TWI624676B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997024742A1 (en) * | 1995-12-27 | 1997-07-10 | Quiet Power Systems, Inc | Method and apparatus for locating partial discharge in electrical transformers |
| US7646308B2 (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2010-01-12 | Eaton Corporation | System for monitoring electrical equipment and providing predictive diagnostics therefor |
| TWM415299U (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2011-11-01 | jun-chao Wang | Test device for three-dimensional thermal image transformer |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 蔡耀友，應用紅外線熱影像及超音波技術於電力設備預知維護之研究，崑山科技大學，2007/06 |
| 黃新丁，應用音波型絕緣分析器於高壓設備異常放電診斷，義守大學，2014/01 |
| 黃新丁，應用音波型絕緣分析器於高壓設備異常放電診斷，義守大學，2014/01 蔡耀友，應用紅外線熱影像及超音波技術於電力設備預知維護之研究，崑山科技大學，2007/06 * |
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