TWI621705B - Method and device for manufacturing water-added fuel - Google Patents
Method and device for manufacturing water-added fuel Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
- C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
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- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
- C10L1/1258—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof hydrogen peroxide, oxygenated water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/14—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production
- C10L2290/146—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/34—Applying ultrasonic energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/38—Applying an electric field or inclusion of electrodes in the apparatus
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Abstract
本發明提供一種加水燃料的製造方法及製造裝置，其可製造與水添加前之燃料即燃料基油對比，組成及物理特性大體上相同或與其近似，且自油水分離之觀點而言仍具備與燃料基油同等之特性的加水燃料。 The present invention provides a method and a manufacturing apparatus for producing a water-added fuel, which can be manufactured in comparison with a fuel base oil before water addition, having substantially the same or similar physical and chemical properties, and still having a viewpoint of separation from oil and water. A fuel-added fuel of the same characteristics as a fuel base oil.
本發明加水燃料的製造方法，至少包括以下之步驟：藉由高電壓之施加等之方法對水賦予電性刺激，藉而將水之分子活性化之水活性化步驟；於水中添加過氧化氫酶、氫氧化鈉、過氧化氫水溶液中之至少一者作為添加劑之的狀態下，將經過該水活性化步驟之水與燃料基油混合並予攪拌之攪拌混合步驟；及將該攪拌混合步驟中或經過該步驟之燃料基油與水，在高溫及高壓之下予以融合之融合步驟。 The method for producing a water-added fuel according to the present invention comprises at least the steps of: imparting electrical stimulation to water by a method such as application of a high voltage, thereby activating a water for activating molecules of water; adding hydrogen peroxide to water; a stirring and mixing step of mixing and agitating water and a fuel base oil in the water activation step in a state in which at least one of an enzyme, sodium hydroxide, and an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is used as an additive; and the stirring and mixing step A fusion step in which the fuel base oil and water passing through the step are combined under high temperature and high pressure.
Description
本發明有關一種於燃料油中加入水之加水燃料的製造方法及製造裝置。 The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing a water-added fuel in which water is added to fuel oil.
按，環境問題成為整個世界的重要課題已有相當期間，近年來，作為其對應方案，太陽能或風力發電等技術之開發正如火如荼地進行。然而，前進至能夠完全移轉到此種可再生能量為止的期間，仍有必要並行地在珍惜使用存在枯竭化問題的迄今之化石燃料、開發能量損失少的內燃機或燃燒設施暨設備、進而改善發熱或燃燒特性優異之化石燃料本身等多方面之技術開發上取得進展，作為其中之一，在燃料油中混合水的方法，其開發正方興未艾。 According to the fact that environmental issues have become an important issue in the entire world for a considerable period of time, in recent years, as a corresponding solution, the development of technologies such as solar power or wind power generation is in full swing. However, it is still necessary to cherish the use of fossil fuels that have been exhausted in the past, to develop internal combustion engines or combustion facilities and equipment with less energy loss, and to improve them, while proceeding to the point where they can be completely transferred to such renewable energy. The development of various technologies such as fossil fuels with excellent heat generation and combustion characteristics has progressed, and as one of them, the development of a method of mixing water in fuel oil is in the ascendant.
加水燃料係指在燃料油中混合水而成者，可使得使用燃料大幅削減，與燃料之削減相應還可減少CO2(二氧化碳)，因此被視為對環境有利的燃料。由於其完全燃燒可被期待，因此用於燃燒之空氣量也可相當程度的削減。伴隨於此，氮氧化物或粒子狀物質(PM)之發生 也獲得抑制，因而具有可減少燃燒器或內燃機所排出之氣體所帶來的環境負荷之效果。 The addition of water is a fuel that is mixed with fuel oil. It can reduce fuel consumption and reduce CO 2 (carbon dioxide) in response to fuel reduction. Therefore, it is considered to be an environmentally friendly fuel. Since its complete combustion can be expected, the amount of air used for combustion can also be considerably reduced. Along with this, the occurrence of nitrogen oxides or particulate matter (PM) is also suppressed, and thus it is possible to reduce the environmental load caused by the gas discharged from the burner or the internal combustion engine.
如是，加水燃料乃非常有用之燃料，但一般而言，水與油完全融合困難，即使混合，隨著時間之經過會有分離之傾向。此外，即使融合充分進行並非不可能，但為達此一目的極度耗費時間，自經濟之觀點而言，可預測其與實用化相去甚遠。 If it is, adding water fuel is a very useful fuel, but in general, water and oil are completely difficult to fuse. Even if mixed, there is a tendency to separate over time. In addition, even if the integration is not impossible, it is extremely time consuming to achieve this goal, and from an economic point of view, it can be predicted that it is far from practical.
因此，業界乃期盼能出現一種能夠製造水與燃料油完全融合，且即使時間經過也不會分離之加水燃料般之可以短時間進行水與燃料油之融合處理的技術。 Therefore, the industry is looking forward to a technology that can make a fusion of water and fuel oil in a short period of time, such as the addition of water and fuel oil, and which does not separate even if time passes.
作為化學燃料之效率化的一個手法，先前曾提案一種將燃料油與水在界面活性劑之存在下予以混合而生成加水燃料的技術(專利文獻1)，此已為公知技術。更詳言之，專利文獻1係揭示一種對於添加有氧之油水混合物使天然礦石與其接觸，同時一面賦予超音波振動一面進行攪拌混合，進而再將經攪拌混合之燃料油與水的混合物加熱至30℃~150℃，且於氣壓3氣壓~10氣壓下予以加壓之方法，根據此一方法，所說明的是可獲得乳化狀態之加水燃料。專利文獻1中曾敘述，藉由此一製造方法，可防止加水化率50%以上之乳化燃料之油水分離現象。 As a method of improving the efficiency of chemical fuels, a technique of mixing fuel oil and water in the presence of a surfactant to produce a water-added fuel has been proposed (Patent Document 1), which is a well-known technique. More specifically, Patent Document 1 discloses a method in which a natural ore is contacted with an aerobic oil-water mixture, and a mixture of fuel oil and water which is stirred and mixed is heated while being subjected to ultrasonic vibration. A method of pressurizing at 30 ° C to 150 ° C and at a pressure of 3 to 10 ° C. According to this method, a water-added fuel in an emulsified state can be obtained. Patent Document 1 describes that the oil-water separation phenomenon of the emulsion fuel having a hydration rate of 50% or more can be prevented by the above-described production method.
然而，根據此一製造方法，所獲得之乳化燃料為含有水(H2O)之組成，因此可防止油水分離現象之期間有其限度，若經過2~3個月則有油水分離現象發生的可能性。另外，加水燃料的透明度較之油的透明度也有成為較 低值的傾向。因此，專利文獻1所教示之加水燃料的製造方法，作為上述問題之解決方策，並不令人滿意。 However, according to this manufacturing method, the obtained emulsion fuel is composed of water (H 2 O), so that the period during which the oil-water separation phenomenon is prevented is limited, and if the oil-water separation occurs after 2 to 3 months, possibility. In addition, the transparency of the water-added fuel tends to be lower than the transparency of the oil. Therefore, the method for producing a water-added fuel taught by Patent Document 1 is not satisfactory as a solution to the above problem.
[專利文獻1]日本發明專利第4682287號 [Patent Document 1] Japanese Invention Patent No. 4682287
本發明係著眼於先前技術之此等問題開發而成者，其主要目的係在提供一種可將此等問題悉數予以解決之加水燃料的製造方法及製造裝置。 The present invention has been developed in view of such problems as the prior art, and its main object is to provide a method and apparatus for producing a water-added fuel which can solve the problems in a comprehensive manner.
本發明之其他目的，係在提供一種加水燃料的製造方法及製造裝置，其可製造與水添加前之燃料即燃料基油對比，組成及物理特性實質上相同或與其近似，且自油水分離之觀點而言仍具備與燃料基油同等之特性的加水燃料。 Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and a manufacturing apparatus for producing a water-added fuel, which can be manufactured in comparison with a fuel base oil, which is a fuel before water addition, having substantially the same or similar physical and chemical properties, and separated from oil and water. In view of this, there is still a water-added fuel having the same characteristics as a fuel base oil.
本發明加水燃料的製造方法，其特徵在於至少包括以下之步驟：藉由高電壓之施加等之方法對水賦予電性刺激，藉而將水之分子活性化之水活性化步驟；於水中添加過氧化氫酶、氫氧化鈉、過氧化氫水溶液中之至少一者作為添加劑之的狀態下，將經過該水活性化步驟之水與燃料基油混合並予攪拌之攪拌混合步驟；及將該攪拌混合步驟中或經過該步驟之燃料基油與水，在高溫及高壓之 下予以融合之融合步驟。此處，「將水之分子活性化」，係指水分子成為易於使上述攪拌混合步驟及融合步驟中必要之反應發生的狀態。 The method for producing a water-added fuel according to the present invention is characterized by comprising at least the steps of: applying an electric stimulus to water by a method such as application of a high voltage, and activating the water to activate a molecule of water; adding in water a stirring and mixing step of mixing and agitating water and a fuel base oil in the water activation step in a state in which at least one of catalase, sodium hydroxide, and an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is used as an additive; Stir the fuel base oil and water in the mixing step or through the step, at high temperature and high pressure The fusion step of fusion. Here, "activating the molecule of water" means that the water molecule is in a state where it is easy to cause the reaction necessary in the stirring and mixing step and the fusion step.
根據本發明之方法所製造之加水燃料，乃實質上不含水(H2O)，且具有與燃料基油實質上相同，或與其近似之組成及物理特性。發明人等獲致以下驚人之結果：例如，燃料基油為作為柴油燃料而被使用之輕油的情況下，所獲得之加水燃料成為與作為基油之輕油同等的輕油。發明人等另已確認的是由本發明所製造之輕油，實質上不含水(H2O)，因此即使長期保存也不會發生油水分離。 The water-added fuel produced in accordance with the method of the present invention is substantially free of water (H 2 O) and has substantially the same composition, or composition and physical properties as the fuel base oil. The inventors have obtained the following surprising results: For example, when the fuel base oil is a light oil used as a diesel fuel, the obtained water-added fuel becomes a light oil equivalent to the light oil as the base oil. The inventors have also confirmed that the light oil produced by the present invention does not substantially contain water (H 2 O), so that oil-water separation does not occur even after long-term storage.
同樣的，根據本發明之方法，燃料基油為A重油的情況下，可製造與該A重油實質上同等，或與其近似之重油。 Similarly, in the case where the fuel base oil is A heavy oil according to the method of the present invention, a heavy oil which is substantially equivalent to or similar to the A heavy oil can be produced.
雖然在燃料基油中加入水，但為了使加水燃料成為實質上不含水(H2O)，且具有與燃料基油實質上相同，或與其近似之組成及物理特性者，有必要自外部擷取入用以生成可燃成分即碳氫化合物的碳。並非拘泥於特定理論之趣旨，本發明之方法中，推測係藉由自燃料基油與水的混合物之液面擷取入周圍空氣中之二氧化碳，並將該二氧化碳分解而利用其碳，而獲得用以生成加水燃料之反應所必要的碳之至少大部分。發明人等已確認的是，攪拌混合步驟進行之周圍為密閉空間之情況下，自周圍空氣中擷取入之二氧化碳的量雖然不足，但是基於此一狀況，藉由在燃料基油與水之混合物中加入碳則可獲得所期望之加水燃 料。 Although water is added to the fuel base oil, in order to make the water-added fuel substantially free of water (H 2 O) and having substantially the same composition as the fuel base oil, or a composition and physical properties similar thereto, it is necessary to externally 撷The carbon used to form a combustible component, that is, a hydrocarbon, is taken in. It is not limited to the specific theory. In the method of the present invention, it is presumed that the carbon dioxide in the ambient air is taken from the liquid surface of the mixture of the fuel base oil and water, and the carbon dioxide is decomposed to utilize the carbon. At least a majority of the carbon necessary to generate a reaction to add water. The inventors have confirmed that, in the case where the stirring and mixing step is performed in a closed space, the amount of carbon dioxide extracted from the surrounding air is insufficient, but based on the situation, by the fuel base oil and water The addition of carbon to the mixture provides the desired water added fuel.
又，對於作為可燃成分之碳氫化合物的生成有必要之氫，推測係因活性化之水分子之分解而獲得者。水分子於本發明之方法中係藉由被賦予之電性刺激而活性化，發明人等已確認的是，於含有如此般經活性化之水分子的水中，添加有過氧化氫酶、氫氧化鈉、過氧化氫水溶液中之至少一種的狀態下，藉由攪拌可獲得反應所必要之氫。 Further, hydrogen which is necessary for the formation of a hydrocarbon which is a combustible component is estimated to be obtained by decomposition of activated water molecules. In the method of the present invention, the water molecule is activated by the electrical stimulation imparted thereto, and the inventors have confirmed that hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen are added to the water containing such activated water molecules. In the state of at least one of sodium oxide and an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, hydrogen necessary for the reaction can be obtained by stirring.
燃料基油中添加之水的量，雖可想像並無特殊界限，但令人懸念的是，對於燃料基油之水的添加量若是過多，則具有所期望組成之加水燃料的生成所需之反應時間將會變得過長，而並非實用。本發明之發明人確認，即使是以體積比計，相對燃料基油1，水以約1之比率混合之情況下，可以充分短之時間生成所期望之加水燃料。水之添加量較此為少的情況下，可以更短的時間獲得所期望之結果。因此，本發明中較佳的是，燃料基油與水之混合比率，以體積比計，相對燃料基油1，水為約1以下。 Although it is conceivable that the amount of water added to the fuel base oil has no special limit, it is suspense that if the amount of water added to the fuel base oil is too large, it is required to generate a fuel of a desired composition. The reaction time will become too long, not practical. The inventors of the present invention confirmed that even when the water is mixed at a ratio of about 1 with respect to the fuel base oil 1 in terms of volume ratio, the desired water-added fuel can be generated in a sufficiently short period of time. In the case where the amount of water added is less than this, the desired result can be obtained in a shorter time. Therefore, in the present invention, it is preferred that the mixing ratio of the fuel base oil to water is about 1 or less with respect to the fuel base oil 1 in terms of volume ratio.
於本發明方法中，較佳的是於攪拌混合步驟之中，首先僅將燃料基油投入攪拌混合槽，一面攪拌，一面將經過水活性化步驟與添加劑投入步驟之水逐次以特定量添加混合。此時，劇烈攪拌而使液面上生成強浪，就將空氣中之二氧化碳擷取入液中而言是屬有利。 In the method of the present invention, preferably, in the stirring and mixing step, first, only the fuel base oil is put into the stirring mixing tank, and the water subjected to the water activation step and the additive input step is sequentially added and mixed in a specific amount while stirring. . At this time, it is advantageous to vigorously stir to generate a strong wave on the liquid surface, and to take the carbon dioxide in the air into the liquid.
本發明之方法中，較佳的是使用具備：具有圓筒部分之攪拌混合槽、及將經過水活性化步驟與添加劑投入步驟之水以噴射等之手法投入之至少一個噴射管的裝 置；該噴射管之水的噴射方向，較佳的是設置為相對於該圓筒部分之直徑線具有特定角度。 In the method of the present invention, it is preferred to use at least one spray pipe having a stirring mixing tank having a cylindrical portion and a method of spraying water by a water activation step and an additive input step by spraying or the like. The spray direction of the water of the spray pipe is preferably set to have a specific angle with respect to the diameter line of the cylindrical portion.
根據使用在具有圓筒部分之攪拌混合槽具備至少一個噴射管之裝置的上述方式之本發明方法中，上述之特定角度宜為約40度至約50度，特別是約45度，在備有複數個噴射管之情況下，所有噴射管之上述特定角度宜為約40度至約50度之範圍內之特定角度，例如較佳的是設為約45度。為使攪拌混合槽中之液面上產生上述之強浪，噴射管之噴出口係自液面至少為8cm，較佳的是10cm或其以上之位於上方的位置，且較佳的是將活性化之水以高速噴流噴射至液面。 According to the method of the present invention in the above-described manner of using a device having at least one spray pipe in a stirred mixing tank having a cylindrical portion, the specific angle is preferably from about 40 degrees to about 50 degrees, particularly about 45 degrees. In the case of a plurality of spray tubes, the specific angle of all of the spray tubes is preferably a specific angle in the range of from about 40 degrees to about 50 degrees, and is preferably set to about 45 degrees, for example. In order to cause the above-mentioned strong wave on the liquid surface in the stirring mixing tank, the discharge port of the spray pipe is at least 8 cm from the liquid surface, preferably at a position above 10 cm or more, and preferably active. The water is sprayed to the liquid surface at a high speed jet.
本發明之上述方式中，較佳的是該噴射管具有突出於攪拌混合槽之內部的突出部之構成。 In the above aspect of the invention, it is preferable that the injection pipe has a configuration in which a protruding portion that protrudes inside the stirring mixing tank is formed.
於此一情況下，該突出部之長度宜設為約10cm。 In this case, the length of the protruding portion is preferably set to about 10 cm.
本發明之一個方式中，於添加劑噴射步驟之中，宜將過氧化氫酶以相對水之重量比為0.04至0.05%添加。 In one embodiment of the present invention, in the additive spraying step, it is preferred to add the catalase in a weight ratio of from 0.04 to 0.05% with respect to water.
於本發明之另一其他方式中，上述水活性化步驟中經活性化之水，其ORP值宜設為160mV至-200mV。 In still another aspect of the present invention, the activated water in the water activation step preferably has an ORP value of from 160 mV to -200 mV.
本發明之較佳方式中，水活性化步驟係藉由使電氣石或銅離子發生材料保持成與水接觸之狀態，對於水或該電氣石或銅離子發生材料將10KHz至60KHz與 200KHz以上之兩個頻率的超音波交替地進行照射，藉由自該電氣石所放射之電氣能量或自該銅離子發生材料放射之銅離子使水活性化而進行。 In a preferred mode of the present invention, the water activation step is performed by maintaining the tourmaline or copper ion generating material in contact with water, and the water or the tourmaline or copper ion generating material is 10 KHz to 60 KHz. Ultrasonic waves of two frequencies of 200 kHz or more are alternately irradiated, and the water is activated by electrical energy radiated from the tourmaline or copper ions emitted from the copper ion generating material.
本發明之更佳方式，係於融合步驟之中，加壓壓力設為0.3Mpa以上，加熱溫度設為40℃至80℃之範圍之發明。 A more preferred embodiment of the present invention is the invention in which the pressurization pressure is set to 0.3 MPa or more and the heating temperature is set to the range of 40 ° C to 80 ° C in the fusing step.
本發明之更佳方式中，攪拌混合步驟中係使用OHR混合器。 In a more preferred mode of the invention, an OHR mixer is used in the agitation mixing step.
進而，於本發明之其他方式中，提供一種加水燃料的製造裝置，其係將燃料油與水混合而生成加水燃料。此一裝置具備：對水賦予電性刺激而將水活性化之水活性化裝置、於水中添加過氧化氫酶、氫氧化鈉、過氧化氫水溶液中之至少一者作為添加劑之添加劑投入裝置、將燃料基油與經過上述水活性化裝置與添加劑投入裝置之水混合並予攪拌之攪拌混合裝置、及將經過上述攪拌混合裝置之燃料基油與水的混合物在高溫及高壓之下予以融合之融合裝置。 Further, in another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for producing a water-added fuel which mixes fuel oil with water to generate a water-added fuel. The device includes: a water activation device that imparts electrical stimulation to water, and an additive device that adds at least one of hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydroxide, and hydrogen peroxide solution to the additive; a mixture of a fuel base oil and a water mixture which is mixed and stirred by the water activation device and the additive input device, and a mixture of a fuel base oil and water passing through the agitation mixing device under high temperature and high pressure Fusion device.
本發明之製造裝置中，水活性化裝置可設為具有超音波發生裝置者。 In the manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, the water activation device can be provided as an ultrasonic generating device.
此一水活性化裝置宜具備收容觸媒之部分，觸媒宜為電氣石。 The water activation device preferably has a portion for containing a catalyst, and the catalyst is preferably tourmaline.
水活性化裝置可設為具備電漿電弧處理裝置者。 The water activation device can be provided as a plasma arc treatment device.
此一水活性化裝置宜為具備收容觸媒之部分，且觸媒為鋁。 The water activation device preferably has a portion for containing a catalyst, and the catalyst is aluminum.
本發明之製造裝置中，攪拌混合裝置可設為具備開放於大氣之開放系之攪拌混合槽者。 In the manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, the stirring and mixing device may be a stirring mixing tank having an open system that is open to the atmosphere.
此一攪拌混合裝置，較佳的是具備將待攪拌混合之液體對於攪拌混合槽噴射之噴射管，噴射管宜配置在自攪拌混合槽中之液面於上方以至少8cm，更好的是以至少10cm相隔之部位。 Preferably, the stirring and mixing device is provided with a spray pipe for spraying the liquid to be stirred and mixed with the stirring mixing tank, and the spray pipe is preferably disposed at a liquid level of at least 8 cm above the self-stirring mixing tank, preferably At least 10 cm apart.
本發明之製造裝置中，融合裝置可設為具備OHR混合器者。 In the manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, the fusion device can be provided with an OHR mixer.
根據本發明，藉由上述方法及裝置之構成，合成後可獲得水與油不易分離，或是幾乎沒有分離之虞的加水燃料。此外，還能夠有效率地生成加水燃料。如上所述，根據本發明之方法及裝置所製造之加水燃料，乃成為實質上不含水(H2O)，且具有與燃料基油實質上相同，或是與其近似之組成及物理特性者。 According to the present invention, by the constitution of the above method and apparatus, it is possible to obtain a water-added fuel in which water and oil are not easily separated after synthesis, or there is almost no separation. In addition, it is also possible to efficiently generate water-added fuel. As described above, the water-added fuel produced by the method and apparatus of the present invention is substantially free of water (H 2 O) and has substantially the same composition or physical composition as the fuel base oil.
又，本發明之加水燃料，與既有之燃料油在每單位分量之熱值上為同等或其以上，且與既有之燃料油比較，燃燒後之燃燒室、排氣管等之劣化或腐蝕少，是為其效果。再者，本發明之加水燃料，還可達成完全燃燒性優異，一氧化碳不易生成，而且一氧化碳之排出量也少之效果。 Moreover, the water-added fuel of the present invention is equal to or higher than the calorific value per unit component of the existing fuel oil, and compared with the existing fuel oil, the combustion chamber, the exhaust pipe, etc. after combustion are deteriorated or Less corrosion is the effect. Further, the water-added fuel of the present invention can also achieve an effect of excellent complete combustion property, that carbon monoxide is not easily formed, and that the amount of carbon monoxide discharged is small.
1‧‧‧加水燃料製造裝置 1‧‧‧Water fuel manufacturing equipment
2‧‧‧基油改善槽 2‧‧‧Base oil improvement tank
3‧‧‧精製水槽 3‧‧‧Stained sink
4‧‧‧反應促進劑注入部 4‧‧‧Reaction accelerator injection unit
5‧‧‧反應槽 5‧‧‧Reaction tank
6‧‧‧改善油靜置槽 6‧‧‧Improving oil static trough
7‧‧‧製品承接槽 7‧‧‧Product receiving slot
8‧‧‧加熱器 8‧‧‧heater
9‧‧‧觸媒 9‧‧‧ Catalyst
10‧‧‧超音波發生部 10‧‧‧Supersonic Generation Department
11‧‧‧泵 11‧‧‧ pump
12‧‧‧OHR混合器 12‧‧‧OHR mixer
13‧‧‧反應槽容器 13‧‧‧Reaction tank container
14‧‧‧噴射管 14‧‧‧Steam tube
15‧‧‧排出口 15‧‧‧Export
20‧‧‧電漿電弧處理裝置 20‧‧‧ Plasma arc treatment device
21、22‧‧‧電極 21, 22‧‧‧ electrodes
第1圖係本發明加水燃料的製造方法之步驟圖。 Fig. 1 is a view showing the steps of a method for producing a water-added fuel of the present invention.
第2圖係本發明加水燃料的製造方法中所使用的製造裝置之整體構成圖。 Fig. 2 is a view showing the overall configuration of a manufacturing apparatus used in the method for producing a water-added fuel of the present invention.
第3圖係本發明製造裝置中可使用之攪拌裝置之朝向反應槽的噴射管之結構圖。 Fig. 3 is a structural view of an injection pipe facing a reaction tank of a stirring device which can be used in the manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
第4圖係本發明製造裝置中可使用之離子化裝置的一例之概略圖。 Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing an example of an ionization apparatus usable in the production apparatus of the present invention.
第5圖係顯示利用本發明方法將輕油作為基油所獲得之加水燃料的GC-MS分析結果之圖表。 Fig. 5 is a graph showing the results of GC-MS analysis of a water-added fuel obtained by using the light oil as a base oil by the method of the present invention.
第6圖係顯示利用本發明方法將輕油作為基油所獲得之其他加水燃料的GC-MS分析結果之圖表。 Figure 6 is a graph showing the results of GC-MS analysis of other water-added fuels obtained by using the light oil as a base oil by the method of the present invention.
第7圖係顯示作為基油使用之輕油的GC-MS分析結果之圖表。 Fig. 7 is a graph showing the results of GC-MS analysis of light oil used as a base oil.
第8圖係顯示利用本發明方法將A重油作為基油所獲得之其他加水燃料的GC-MS分析結果之圖表。 Figure 8 is a graph showing the results of GC-MS analysis of other water-added fuels obtained by using the heavy oil of A as a base oil by the method of the present invention.
第9圖係顯示作為基油使用之A重油的GC-MS分析結果之圖表。 Fig. 9 is a graph showing the results of GC-MS analysis of A heavy oil used as a base oil.
以下，茲就根據本發明之加水燃料的製造方法，將其實施方式基於圖面進行說明。 Hereinafter, the method for producing a water-added fuel according to the present invention will be described based on the drawings.
又，本實施例所示之加水燃料的製造方法之整體構成及各個細部之構成、數值，不受下述實施方式及實施例之限定，可在本發明之技術思想的範圍內，亦即可發揮同一 作用效果之形狀及尺寸的範圍內進行變更。 Further, the overall configuration of the method for producing a water-added fuel and the configuration and numerical values of the respective details of the present embodiment are not limited to the following embodiments and examples, and may be within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. Play the same The shape and size of the effect are changed.
依據第1圖、第2圖及第3圖，就本發明之實施方式進行說明。第1圖係利用本發明製造裝置實施之本發明之一個實施方式的方法之流程圖。第2圖係本發明加水燃料的製造方法中所使用的製造裝置之整體構成圖，第3圖係本發明製造裝置之用以朝向反應槽進行水噴射的噴射管之結構圖。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to Figs. 1, 2, and 3. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a flow diagram of a method of one embodiment of the present invention implemented using the apparatus of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a view showing the overall configuration of a manufacturing apparatus used in the method for producing a water-added fuel of the present invention, and Fig. 3 is a structural view of an injection tube for water jetting toward a reaction tank of the manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
於本發明之一個實施方式中，加水燃料製造裝置1係由：基油改善槽2、精製水槽3、反應促進劑注入部4、反應槽5、改善油靜置槽6、及製品承接槽7所構成。茲說明此一裝置1之概要：於基油改善槽2進行燃料基油之前處理，於精製水槽3進行水之活性化，自反應促進劑注入部4將添加劑投入特定之槽，於反應槽5進行燃料基油與水之攪拌混合及融合，於改善油靜置槽6除去渣滓等無用之殘留物，並於製品承接槽7中導入作為製品之加水燃料。 In one embodiment of the present invention, the water-added fuel producing apparatus 1 is composed of: a base oil improving tank 2, a purified water tank 3, a reaction accelerator injection unit 4, a reaction tank 5, an improved oil static tank 6, and a product receiving tank 7. Composition. An outline of the apparatus 1 is described in which the base oil improving tank 2 is treated with a fuel base oil, and the water is activated in the purified water tank 3, and the additive is supplied from the reaction accelerator injection unit 4 to a specific tank in the reaction tank 5. The mixture and mixing of the fuel base oil and the water are carried out to improve the oil static storage tank 6 to remove unnecessary residues such as dross, and to introduce the water-added fuel as a product into the product receiving tank 7.
基油改善槽2係進行燃料油混合前之處理的槽。燃料基油係自其他之基油槽201供給。此一槽之目的在於將油之溫度設為適於混合之溫度。燃料基油在自基油槽201被供給至基油改善槽2之後，係由設於該基油改善槽2之加熱器8加熱，並由熱電偶(T)被管控於特定之溫度。 The base oil improvement tank 2 is a tank for performing treatment before fuel oil mixing. The fuel base oil is supplied from other base oil tanks 201. The purpose of this tank is to set the temperature of the oil to a temperature suitable for mixing. After being supplied from the base oil tank 201 to the base oil improvement tank 2, the fuel base oil is heated by the heater 8 provided in the base oil improvement tank 2, and is controlled by a thermocouple (T) to a specific temperature.
基油改善槽2內之燃料基油，為了提高油溫之均一度，可利用泵11將其自基油改善槽2取出，並經由集管202再投入槽內。又，可使用觸媒將油之分子細分化作為 前處理。 The base oil improves the fuel base oil in the tank 2, and in order to increase the uniformity of the oil temperature, it can be taken out from the base oil improvement tank 2 by the pump 11, and reintroduced into the tank via the header 202. Also, the catalyst can be used to subdivide the molecules of the oil as Pre-processing.
精製水槽3實施將水活性化之步驟。本發明之方法中所使用之水宜為軟水，因此水係由軟水化裝置301供給。此一精製水槽3之目的係將水之溫度維持於適合混合之溫度，且將水之分子細分化至活性等級。供給至該精製水槽3之水，係藉由該精製水槽3處所設之加熱器8而經加熱，並由熱電偶(T)被管控於特定之溫度。可利用ORP(氧化‧還原電位)計來測定活性化之程度。精製水槽3之底部設有超音波發生部10，藉由自該超音波發生部10將超音波照射於水，可將水之分子集合體細分化。此時，適當的是交替照射2種超音波。具體而言，交替照射10KHz~60KHz之超音波及200KHz以上之超音波。藉此，活性化之效率提高。 The purified water tank 3 performs a step of activating water. The water used in the method of the present invention is preferably soft water, and therefore the water is supplied from the soft hydrating device 301. The purpose of this refining tank 3 is to maintain the temperature of the water at a temperature suitable for mixing and to subdivide the molecules of the water to an active level. The water supplied to the purified water tank 3 is heated by the heater 8 provided in the purified water tank 3, and is controlled by a thermocouple (T) to a specific temperature. The degree of activation can be measured by an ORP (oxidation ‧ reduction potential) meter. The ultrasonic generating unit 10 is provided at the bottom of the purified water tank 3, and by superimposing the ultrasonic waves on the water from the ultrasonic generating unit 10, the molecular assembly of water can be subdivided. At this time, it is appropriate to alternately irradiate two kinds of ultrasonic waves. Specifically, ultrasonic waves of 10 kHz to 60 kHz and ultrasonic waves of 200 kHz or more are alternately irradiated. Thereby, the efficiency of activation is improved.
再者，精製水槽3中，還可使用電氣石、銅離子發生材料作為觸媒9。自超音波發生部10照射超音波時，藉由使觸媒9與水接觸，可藉由自該觸媒9放射之電氣能量提高活性化之效率。 Further, in the purified water tank 3, a tourmaline or a copper ion generating material may be used as the catalyst 9. When the ultrasonic wave is irradiated from the ultrasonic generating unit 10, by bringing the catalyst 9 into contact with water, the efficiency of activation can be improved by the electrical energy radiated from the catalyst 9.
為使活性化均等地實施，可將槽內之水由泵11取出至集管302，並自該集管302再次回送至精製水槽3，藉而將水循環。此時，係將水自槽之下部引出，以泵11施加壓力，並經由集管302自槽之上部將水再噴射。藉由設為此一結構，可使水之溫度管控、活性化均等地進行。 In order to carry out the activation equally, the water in the tank can be taken out from the pump 11 to the header 302, and returned from the header 302 to the purified water tank 3, thereby circulating the water. At this time, water is taken out from the lower portion of the tank, pressure is applied by the pump 11, and water is re-injected from the upper portion of the tank via the header 302. By adopting this configuration, temperature control and activation of water can be performed equally.
水之活性化可藉由在連接於高壓變壓器之電極間產生放電，藉由該放電而將水解離‧電離般之水的電漿電弧處 理而進行。利用電漿電弧處理將水活性化時，例如藉由在水之循環路徑中，於精製水槽3與泵11之間設置電漿電弧處理裝置供進行處理。又，進行電漿電弧處理時，作為觸媒9可適當地使用鋁。 The activation of water can be achieved by generating a discharge between the electrodes connected to the high voltage transformer, by which the hydrolysis is separated from the plasma arc of the ionized water. Take it for granted. When the water is activated by the plasma arc treatment, for example, a plasma arc treatment device is provided between the refining water tank 3 and the pump 11 for processing in the water circulation path. Further, when the plasma arc treatment is performed, aluminum can be suitably used as the catalyst 9.
本發明中，上述電氣能量之施加、及水之電漿電弧處理通稱為「電性刺激」。 In the present invention, the application of the electrical energy and the plasma arc treatment of water are collectively referred to as "electrical stimulation."
反應促進劑注入部4，係將作為反應促進劑之添加劑投入精製水槽3或反應槽5者。添加劑具有將過氧化氫分解為氫與氧，而氧將以氣體之形態放出於大氣之效果。若是如此，可增大加水燃料內之含氫比率防止熱值之降低。作為添加劑係使用過氧化氫酶、氫氧化鈉、過氧化氫水溶液等。投入之量有細微調整之必要。於添加過氧化氫酶之情況下，該過氧化氫酶之添加量，以相對於水之重量比計，宜為0.04%至0.05%。過氧化氫酶之添加量若較0.04%為少則效果薄弱，若較0.05%為多則無法充分溶解，反而增加渣滓，以致降低燃料之品質。 The reaction accelerator injection unit 4 is an additive that is used as a reaction accelerator in the purified water tank 3 or the reaction tank 5. The additive has the effect of decomposing hydrogen peroxide into hydrogen and oxygen, and oxygen will be released into the atmosphere in the form of a gas. If so, the hydrogen content ratio in the water-added fuel can be increased to prevent a decrease in the heating value. As the additive, catalase, sodium hydroxide, an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution or the like is used. The amount of input is necessary for minor adjustments. In the case where catalase is added, the amount of the catalase to be added is preferably from 0.04% to 0.05% by weight based on the weight of water. When the amount of the catalase added is less than 0.04%, the effect is weak, and if it is more than 0.05%, the solution is not sufficiently dissolved, and the dross is increased, so that the quality of the fuel is lowered.
反應槽5係供實施攪拌混合步驟及融合步驟者。燃料基油係自基油改善槽2供給至反應槽容器13之上部。水係自精製水槽3由噴射管14供給至反應槽容器13之側面。油與水之混合物係自反應槽容器13之排出口15由泵11取出，於經加壓之狀態下，通過OHR混合器12，並自集管502通過噴射管14循環至反應槽容器13。OHR混合器12係將複數種物質有效率地混合者。此一槽，於融合步驟中係被施加3~9氣壓左右之壓力，因此 有必要設為較其他槽可耐高壓力之結構。槽之中段具有加熱器8，油與水之混合物係藉由該加熱器8被管控於特定之溫度。 The reaction tank 5 is for carrying out a stirring mixing step and a fusion step. The fuel base oil is supplied from the base oil improvement tank 2 to the upper portion of the reaction vessel container 13. The water system is supplied from the purification water tank 3 to the side surface of the reaction tank container 13 by the injection pipe 14. The mixture of oil and water is taken out from the discharge port 15 of the reaction vessel vessel 13 by the pump 11, and is pressurized, passed through the OHR mixer 12, and circulated from the header 502 through the injection pipe 14 to the reaction vessel vessel 13. The OHR mixer 12 is an efficient mix of a plurality of materials. This groove is applied with a pressure of about 3 to 9 atmospheres in the fusion step, so It is necessary to set a structure that is resistant to high pressures compared to other tanks. The middle section of the tank has a heater 8, and the mixture of oil and water is controlled by the heater 8 to a specific temperature.
改善油靜置槽6係將融合步驟後之生成物暫時貯存之槽。此一槽可使由添加物等所產生之渣滓等沈澱。油與水完全成為一體之加水燃料，係與其雜質藉由靜置於該改善油靜置槽6內而分離，上清液之加水燃料係被供給至製品承接槽7。因雜質中尚含有添加劑，雜質被回送至反應槽5。於此槽內之滯留時間宜為1小時左右。 The oil-retaining tank 6 is improved to temporarily store the product after the fusion step. This groove can precipitate dross or the like generated by an additive or the like. The oil and water are completely integrated with the water, and the impurities are separated by being placed in the improved oil standing tank 6, and the supernatant fuel is supplied to the product receiving groove 7. The impurities are returned to the reaction tank 5 because the impurities are still contained in the impurities. The residence time in this tank is preferably about 1 hour.
製品承接槽7係將作為製品生成之加水燃料予以貯存之槽。生成之加水燃料於匯聚成某種程度之階段將自製品承接槽7供給至製品貯存槽701。 The product receiving groove 7 is a tank for storing the water-added fuel generated as a product. The generated water-added fuel is supplied from the product receiving tank 7 to the product storage tank 701 at a stage of convergence.
其次，茲就加水燃料的製造方法進行說明。此一方法包括：活性化步驟、添加劑投入步驟、攪拌混合步驟、融合步驟、及過濾步驟。 Next, the method of manufacturing the water-added fuel will be described. The method includes an activation step, an additive input step, a stirring and mixing step, a fusion step, and a filtration step.
活性化步驟係由精製水槽3進行。此一步驟係將水之分子細分化至活性等級者。藉由將水細分化至活性等級，與燃料基油之親和性提升，可將更多的水使用於加水燃料之生成。藉由將水置入精製水槽3，並以超音波發生部10對水照射超音波而將水以高頻振動，藉而促進細分化。超音波之頻率有2種，藉由交替照射可促進水之細分化。超音波之頻率例如設為10KHz~60KHz與200KHz以上之2種，藉此可作更高度之細分化。又，使用超音波發生部10時，進一步將電氣石、銅離子發生材料作為觸媒使 用，而對水賦予電性刺激。藉由如此般之於將觸媒材料與水接觸的狀態下令超音波發生部10動作，可對水賦予電性刺激，可更加地促進活性化。 The activation step is carried out by the refining tank 3. This step is to subdivide the molecules of water into active levels. By subdividing the water to the active level, the affinity with the fuel base oil is increased, and more water can be used for the formation of the added fuel. The water is placed in the purified water tank 3, and the ultrasonic wave is irradiated to the water by the ultrasonic generating unit 10 to vibrate the water at a high frequency, thereby promoting subdivision. There are two types of ultrasonic waves, and the subdivision of water can be promoted by alternate irradiation. The frequency of the ultrasonic wave is set to, for example, two types of 10 kHz to 60 kHz and 200 kHz or more, whereby the subdivision can be made more highly. Further, when the ultrasonic generating unit 10 is used, the tourmaline or copper ion generating material is further used as a catalyst. Use, and give electrical stimulation to water. By operating the ultrasonic generating unit 10 in a state in which the catalyst material is brought into contact with water as described above, electrical stimulation can be imparted to the water, and activation can be further promoted.
照射超音波所達成之活性化的程度，可藉由測定ORP(氧化還原電位)(mV)而確認。照射超音波所得之水的ORP宜為160mV~-200mV。一般之自來水的ORP為700mV~500mV。 The degree of activation achieved by irradiation of ultrasonic waves can be confirmed by measuring ORP (oxidation reduction potential) (mV). The ORP of the water obtained by irradiating the ultrasonic wave is preferably 160 mV to -200 mV. The general OPP of tap water is 700mV~500mV.
又，藉由照射超音波，氧會放出，而含氫比率提高。 Further, by irradiating the ultrasonic waves, oxygen is released and the hydrogen-containing ratio is increased.
例如，為了將水20L改質而使電氣石與水接觸之情況下，期望能以20L/min~50L/min之流量令水自配管15A~50A噴出。反應時間大約1小時左右為適當，20分鐘至1天也可發揮效果。 For example, in order to change the water 20L to contact the tourmaline with water, it is desirable to discharge the water from the pipes 15A to 50A at a flow rate of 20 L/min to 50 L/min. The reaction time is about 1 hour or so, and the effect can be achieved from 20 minutes to 1 day.
其次，針對添加劑投入步驟進行說明。添加劑投入步驟係藉由將反應促進劑注入部4中所貯存之添加劑添加於精製水槽3或反應槽5，而增大水之含氫比率者。 Next, the additive charging step will be described. The additive input step is performed by adding the additive stored in the reaction accelerator injection unit 4 to the purified water tank 3 or the reaction tank 5 to increase the hydrogen content ratio of water.
作為添加劑，係使用過氧化氫酶、氫氧化鈉、過氧化氫水溶液中之一種或複數種。添加劑之投入量有必要作細微調整。如前所述，於使用過氧化氫酶之情況下，過氧化氫酶之添加量，以相對水之重量比計，宜設為0.04%至0.05%。較0.04%為少時效果薄弱，較0.05%為多時則無法充分溶解，反而增加渣滓而降低燃料之品質。 As the additive, one or a plurality of kinds of catalase, sodium hydroxide, and aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution are used. It is necessary to make minor adjustments to the amount of additives. As described above, in the case of using catalase, the amount of catalase added is preferably 0.04% to 0.05% by weight relative to water. When the amount is less than 0.04%, the effect is weak, and when it is more than 0.05%, it is not sufficiently dissolved, but the dross is increased to lower the quality of the fuel.
就氫氧化鈉而言，相對水以0.001重量%~0.1重量%之添加，作為添加劑可充分發揮效果。過氧化氫水溶液之 情況下，相對水以0.001重量%至0.1重量%之添加，作為添加劑可充分發揮效果。 In the case of sodium hydroxide, it is added in an amount of 0.001% by weight to 0.1% by weight with respect to water, and the effect can be sufficiently exerted as an additive. Hydrogen peroxide solution In this case, the addition of 0.001% by weight to 0.1% by weight relative to water can sufficiently exert an effect as an additive.
其次，茲就攪拌混合步驟進行說明。攪拌混合步驟中，係將於精製水槽3中經活性化且被投入添加劑之水，與燃料基油混合。首先，於反應槽5中只投入燃料基油。將此一燃料基油通過反應槽5之OHR混合器12循環。藉由通過OHR混合器12，燃料基油之分子也會均一化，而變得易於與水融合。於循環以某一程度終了後，自精製水槽3將水逐次少量地投入反應槽5。這是為了相對燃料基油使水儘可能均一分散。自精製水槽3供給之水，係由精製水槽3之泵11加壓，而與出自排出口15之油混合，再由反應槽5之泵11加壓而由OHR混合器12混合。OHR混合器12之壓力宜為3氣壓(0.3Mpa)以上，溫度宜為40℃至80℃。因此，精製水槽3、反應槽5之泵11的壓力係設為與其適配之壓力，精製水槽3、反應槽5之加熱器8的加溫也是設為與其適配。由OHR混合器12混合之水與油，係通過集管502而由噴射管14再投入反應槽5。根據對於反應槽5之噴射管14之角度、於反應槽5內部之突出量，混合之效率、質將會變化。 Next, the stirring and mixing steps will be described. In the stirring and mixing step, water which is activated in the purified water tank 3 and charged with the additive is mixed with the fuel base oil. First, only the fuel base oil is introduced into the reaction tank 5. This fuel base oil is circulated through the OHR mixer 12 of the reaction tank 5. By passing through the OHR mixer 12, the molecules of the fuel base oil are also homogenized, and become easy to fuse with water. After the circulation has ended to some extent, water is gradually introduced into the reaction tank 5 from the refining water tank 3 in a small amount. This is to distribute the water as uniformly as possible with respect to the fuel base oil. The water supplied from the purified water tank 3 is pressurized by the pump 11 of the purified water tank 3, mixed with the oil discharged from the discharge port 15, and pressurized by the pump 11 of the reaction tank 5, and mixed by the OHR mixer 12. The pressure of the OHR mixer 12 is preferably 3 atmospheres (0.3 MPa) or more, and the temperature is preferably 40 ° C to 80 ° C. Therefore, the pressure of the pump 11 of the purified water tank 3 and the reaction tank 5 is set to a pressure adapted thereto, and the heating of the heater 8 of the purified water tank 3 and the reaction tank 5 is also adjusted. The water and oil mixed by the OHR mixer 12 are again introduced into the reaction tank 5 by the spray pipe 14 through the header 502. The efficiency and quality of the mixing will vary depending on the angle of the injection tube 14 of the reaction tank 5 and the amount of protrusion inside the reaction tank 5.
例如，將水100L與燃料基油100L混合之情況下，較佳的是使水與燃料基油之混合物以20L/min~50L/min之流量通過配管尺寸15A~50A者循環。混合時間可設為5分鐘~1小時左右。 For example, when water 100L is mixed with the fuel base oil 100L, it is preferred to circulate the mixture of water and fuel base oil at a flow rate of 20 L/min to 50 L/min through a pipe size of 15 A to 50 A. The mixing time can be set to about 5 minutes to 1 hour.
其次，針對融合步驟進行說明。融合步驟 中，水之自精製水槽3朝向反應槽5的投入終了，該融合步驟係藉由通過OHR混合器12進行循環而實施。壓力與攪拌混合步驟相同，宜為3氣壓(0.3Mpa)以上，溫度宜為40℃至80℃。於此一步驟中，藉由充分通過OHR混合器12而進行水與油之融合，而可形成無分離之虞的加水燃料。 Next, the fusion step will be described. Fusion step In the middle, the input of the water from the refining water tank 3 toward the reaction tank 5 is completed, and the fusion step is carried out by circulation through the OHR mixer 12. The pressure is the same as the stirring and mixing step, preferably 3 atmospheres (0.3 MPa) or more, and the temperature is preferably 40 ° C to 80 ° C. In this step, water and oil are fused by the OHR mixer 12 to form a water-free fuel without separation.
例如，將水100L與油100L融合之情況下，加壓壓力期望設為0.3Mpa(3氣壓)以上，溫度期望設為70℃以上，但其以上之加壓壓力及其以下之溫度也可，加壓壓力0.9Mpa、溫度50℃最為有效。反應時間適當的是到達此加壓壓力及溫度後20分鐘~60分鐘。 For example, when water 100L and oil 100L are fused, the pressurization pressure is desirably set to 0.3 MPa (3 rpm) or more, and the temperature is desirably 70 ° C or more, but the above pressurization pressure or lower may be used. The pressure is 0.9Mpa and the temperature is 50°C. The reaction time is suitably 20 minutes to 60 minutes after reaching the pressure and temperature.
其次，針對過濾步驟進行說明。過濾步驟中，係自完全生成之加水燃料，將生成時使用酵素的狀況下酵素之成分或其他成分凝固成為渣滓狀之物予以分離之步驟。利用改善油靜置槽6之方法，係將生成物靜置而予比重分離之方法。比重較重之渣滓等將積留於槽底，而加水燃料因比重較輕而集中於上層。上層之加水燃料係送至製品承接槽7而完成製品。改善油靜置槽6內之滯留時間宜設為1小時以上。 Next, the filtering step will be described. In the filtration step, the step of separating the components of the enzyme or other components in the case where the enzyme is used is solidified into a slag-like substance by using the completely added water-added fuel. The method of improving the oil standing tank 6 is a method in which the product is allowed to stand and the specific gravity is separated. The heavier specific gravity will accumulate at the bottom of the tank, and the added fuel will concentrate on the upper layer due to its lighter specific gravity. The upper layer of water added fuel is sent to the product receiving groove 7 to complete the product. It is preferable to set the residence time in the oil stationary tank 6 to be 1 hour or longer.
又，藉由通過過濾用過濾器也可將加水燃料與渣滓等分離。過濾用過濾器宜使用10μm~30μm程度者。通過過濾用過濾器之溫度宜為40℃以下，通過時間利用配管20A~50A時宜為流量20L/min~50L/min左右，速度以安定平穩者較佳。過濾用過濾器通過之次數可為1次以上。 Further, the water-added fuel can be separated from the dross or the like by passing through the filter for filtration. The filter for filtration should preferably be used in the range of 10 μm to 30 μm. The temperature of the filter for filtration is preferably 40 ° C or less, and the flow rate of 20 A to 50 A is preferably about 20 L/min to 50 L/min, and the speed is preferably stable. The number of passes of the filter for filtration can be one or more.
如是，藉由進行上述步驟，可將水與燃料油完全混合，且即使時間經過也不會分離，而且以短時間即可進行水與燃料油之融合處理。 If so, by performing the above steps, the water and the fuel oil can be completely mixed, and even if time passes, the separation of the water and the fuel oil can be performed in a short time.
針對本發明之其他實施方式利用第3圖進行說明。與前述實施方式相同的部分在此省略。第3圖係本發明製造裝置之朝向反應槽的噴射管之結構圖。第3圖(a)係自上部觀察反應槽5與噴射管14之關係的圖。第3圖(b)係反應槽5之側視圖。 Other embodiments of the present invention will be described using FIG. The same portions as the foregoing embodiment are omitted here. Fig. 3 is a structural view of an injection pipe facing the reaction tank of the manufacturing apparatus of the present invention. Fig. 3(a) is a view showing the relationship between the reaction vessel 5 and the injection pipe 14 from the upper portion. Fig. 3(b) is a side view of the reaction tank 5.
於前述之實施方式中，係就用以製造加水燃料之各步驟進行說明，其中，於攪拌混合步驟及融合步驟中如何將水與燃料基油之混合物循環此點事屬重要。循環係於第2圖所示之裝置中，基本上將自反應槽5之排出口15排出的混合物，從泵11及OHR混合器12經由噴射管14，並自反應槽5之上部側面再以噴射狀態投入反應槽5內而進行。循環之中，理想的是所有混合物均等地循環。然而，若是朝向反應槽5內再投入之方法不適當，則成為只有混合物之一部分更多地循環，而其他部分則幾乎未循環，導致無法成為整體均一之加水燃料，或是到達均一為止之時間非常之長。 In the foregoing embodiments, the steps for producing a water-added fuel are explained, and it is important to circulate a mixture of water and a fuel base oil in the agitation mixing step and the fusion step. The circulation is in the apparatus shown in Fig. 2, and the mixture discharged from the discharge port 15 of the reaction tank 5 is basically passed from the pump 11 and the OHR mixer 12 via the injection pipe 14, and from the upper side of the reaction tank 5 The injection state is carried out by being introduced into the reaction tank 5. In the cycle, it is desirable that all the mixtures circulate equally. However, if the method of re-injecting into the reaction tank 5 is not appropriate, only one part of the mixture circulates more, and the other part is almost not circulated, resulting in failure to become a uniform water-fueling unit or a uniform time. Very long.
為此，本發明之發明人乃針對朝向反應槽5將混合物再投入之噴射管14與反應槽5的關係進行研討。如第3圖(b)所示，反應槽5之上部為圓筒體，下部為圓錐體。上部之側面配置有4個噴射管14，如第3圖(a)所示，可由4個方向將油水混合物噴射入反應槽 5內。如第3圖(c)所示，相對於連結反應槽5之圓筒部的中心軸與噴射管14安裝於反應槽5之安裝點的直徑線，噴射管14之長度方向的角度係定為該噴射管14之安裝角或噴射方向。而且，針對該安裝角於自0度以至90度變化時之融合所需之時間、及生成之加水燃料之品質進行研討。第3圖(c)中，安裝角為0度之情況為噴射管14a1。該管以降14a2、14a3、14a4與軸之角度漸次變大。就角度每隔15度進行研討。結果確認，自軸之角度為45度時融合所需之時間最短，且生成之加水燃燒的品質也屬優異。由此結果可知，噴射管14之安裝角相對於上述直徑線，宜為約40度至約50度之範圍。 Therefore, the inventors of the present invention have studied the relationship between the injection pipe 14 and the reaction vessel 5 in which the mixture is re-introduced toward the reaction vessel 5. As shown in Fig. 3(b), the upper portion of the reaction vessel 5 is a cylindrical body, and the lower portion is a cone. Four spray pipes 14 are arranged on the upper side, and as shown in Fig. 3(a), the oil-water mixture can be sprayed into the reaction tank in four directions. 5 inside. As shown in Fig. 3(c), the angle between the longitudinal axis of the injection tube 14 and the central axis of the cylindrical portion connecting the reaction vessel 5 and the attachment line of the injection tube 14 attached to the reaction vessel 5 is determined as The mounting angle or the spray direction of the spray pipe 14. Further, the time required for the mounting angle to be changed from 0 degrees to 90 degrees and the quality of the generated water-added fuel are examined. In Fig. 3(c), the case where the mounting angle is 0 degree is the injection pipe 14a1. The tube gradually becomes larger at an angle of 14a2, 14a3, 14a4 and the axis. The angle is discussed every 15 degrees. As a result, it was confirmed that the time required for fusion was the shortest when the angle of the shaft was 45 degrees, and the quality of the generated water burning was also excellent. From this result, it is understood that the mounting angle of the injection tube 14 is preferably in the range of about 40 degrees to about 50 degrees with respect to the above-mentioned diameter line.
其次，如第3圖(d)所示，針對噴射管14之於直徑60cm反應槽5內部的突出量與融合所需之時間、及生成之加水燃料之品質進行研討。於第3圖(d)中，突出量為0之情況下為噴射管14b1。該管以降14b2、14b3、14b4依序突出量漸次變大。突出量係以10cm為單位進行研討。結果發現，突出量為10cm時融合所需之時間最短，生成之加水燃料之品質也屬良好。又，進而使用大的反應槽之情況下，可推想到的是因應反應槽之直徑，噴射管之突出量以增大為宜，且噴射管之數目期望能增加。 Next, as shown in Fig. 3(d), the amount of protrusion of the injection tube 14 in the reaction chamber 5 having a diameter of 60 cm, the time required for fusion, and the quality of the generated water-added fuel were examined. In the third diagram (d), when the amount of protrusion is 0, the injection tube 14b1 is used. The tube gradually increases in size by the drops 14b2, 14b3, and 14b4. The amount of protrusion is studied in units of 10 cm. As a result, it was found that the time required for the fusion was the shortest when the amount of protrusion was 10 cm, and the quality of the produced water-added fuel was also good. Further, in the case where a large reaction tank is used, it is conceivable that the amount of protrusion of the injection pipe is preferably increased in accordance with the diameter of the reaction vessel, and the number of injection pipes is expected to increase.
基於以上所述，朝向反應槽5之噴射管14所執行的混合物之投入，相對圓筒之直徑線以45度之角度，且噴射管14之於反應槽5內部之突出量以10cm最 為適當。藉由相對圓筒之軸具有角度，可在槽內形成自然之渦流。因此，混合也可有效達成。又，藉由將噴射管14之於反應槽5內部之突出量設為特定之量，可避免僅在混合物之圓周附近或中心附近聚集已循環過之混合物。噴射管14係以自反應槽5內之液面至少以8cm，較好的是以至少10cm位於上方之方式配置，混合物宜設為以高速自噴射管14噴射。 Based on the above, the input of the mixture performed toward the injection pipe 14 of the reaction tank 5 is at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the diameter line of the cylinder, and the amount of protrusion of the injection pipe 14 to the inside of the reaction tank 5 is 10 cm. To be appropriate. By having an angle with respect to the axis of the cylinder, a natural vortex can be formed in the groove. Therefore, mixing can also be effectively achieved. Further, by setting the amount of protrusion of the injection tube 14 inside the reaction vessel 5 to a specific amount, it is possible to avoid the accumulation of the recycled mixture only near or near the circumference of the mixture. The injection pipe 14 is disposed such that the liquid level in the reaction tank 5 is at least 8 cm, preferably at least 10 cm, and the mixture is preferably sprayed at a high speed from the injection pipe 14.
如此，藉由調整噴射管14之對於反應槽5之配置，可將水與燃料基油完全混合，且即使時間經過也不會分離，而且可以短時間進行水與燃料油之融合處理。 Thus, by adjusting the arrangement of the injection pipe 14 to the reaction tank 5, the water can be completely mixed with the fuel base oil, and it will not separate even if time passes, and the fusion treatment of water and fuel oil can be performed in a short time.
針對本發明之進一步之其他實施方式利用第4圖進行說明。 Further embodiments of the present invention will be described using FIG.
第4圖係作為本發明製造裝置之活性化裝置可使用之電漿電弧處理裝置的一例之概略圖。此一電漿電弧處理裝置20具備：分別連接於高壓變壓器(圖未示)且配置於裝置之中心(圖中以六角形表示)的電極21、以及以包圍該中心電極之方式配置的複數個(圖中為12支)電極22。藉由對電極供給電力，電極間產生電弧放電。第2圖所示製造裝置1中之精製水槽3，於精製水槽3與泵11之間設置電漿電弧處理裝置20，藉由將來自精製水槽之水通往電漿電弧處理裝置20，可將水利用電漿電弧處理而活性化。作為如此之電漿電弧處理裝置，例如可適當地使用如株式會社日本理水研公司製之ULTRA U-MAN中所使用般之電漿電弧處理裝置。 Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing an example of a plasma arc processing apparatus which can be used as an activation device for manufacturing the apparatus of the present invention. The plasma arc processing apparatus 20 includes an electrode 21 that is connected to a high voltage transformer (not shown) and disposed at a center of the device (indicated by a hexagon), and a plurality of electrodes arranged to surround the center electrode. (12 in the figure) electrode 22. An electric arc is generated between the electrodes by supplying electric power to the electrodes. The purified water tank 3 in the manufacturing apparatus 1 shown in Fig. 2 is provided with a plasma arc processing device 20 between the purified water tank 3 and the pump 11, and the water from the purified water tank is led to the plasma arc processing device 20. The water is activated by plasma arc treatment. As such a plasma arc processing apparatus, for example, a plasma arc processing apparatus such as that used in ULTRA U-MAN manufactured by Nippon Water Research Co., Ltd. can be suitably used.
根據如下所述般之方法，製造以A重油為基油之加水燃料。 A water-added fuel based on A heavy oil was produced according to the method described below.
首先，於具備收容電氣石之部分與超音波發生裝置(35KHz之超音波振動子)及溫度計，且連接有循環泵(24升/分鐘×0.5Mpa)之容積25升的容器中，置入電氣石(自有限公司UNI-WAVE購入之巴西Tocantins州礦山直接輸入之電氣石原石小尺寸)3kg與自來水20升。於此水中添加過氧化氫酶(Nagase ChemteX株式會社製Leonet F-35)20毫升。而後，令超音波振動子作動，並利用循環用泵開始水之循環。將水之循環路徑中所設之3kW的線型加熱器的設定溫度設為40℃，在確認容器內之水之溫度成為40℃以上之時點開始持續循環1小時。1小時經過後，利用ORP計來測定容器中之水的氧化還原電位，測得其為12mV。 First, in a container having a volume of 25 liters containing a portion of a tourmaline and an ultrasonic generating device (an ultrasonic vibrator of 35 kHz) and a thermometer connected to a circulation pump (24 liters / minute × 0.5 MPa), electrical Stone (small size of tourmaline raw stone directly imported from the Tocantins mine in Brazil purchased by UNI-WAVE Co., Ltd.) 3kg and tap water 20 liters. 20 ml of catalase (Leonet F-35, manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Co., Ltd.) was added to the water. Then, the ultrasonic vibrator is actuated, and the circulation of the water is started by the circulation pump. The set temperature of the linear heater of 3 kW set in the water circulation path was set to 40 ° C, and the circulation was continued for one hour when the temperature of the water in the container was 40 ° C or higher. After 1 hour, the ORP meter was used to measure the redox potential of the water in the vessel, which was found to be 12 mV.
其次，於與上述容器相同具備溫度計，且連接有循環泵之容積25升的容器中，置入市售之A重油(自富士興產株式會社購入之1種1號A重油)20升。利用循環泵開始A重油之循環。A重油之循環路徑中所設之3kW之線型加熱器之設定溫度設為40℃，在確認容器內之A重油的溫度成為40℃以上之時點開始持續循環1 小時。 Next, 20 liters of a commercially available A heavy oil (a type 1 heavy oil purchased from Fujisawa Co., Ltd.) was placed in a container having a thermometer and a volume of 25 liters connected to the above-mentioned container. Use the circulation pump to start the cycle of A heavy oil. The set temperature of the linear heater of 3 kW set in the circulation path of the A heavy oil is set to 40 ° C, and the cycle is started when the temperature of the A heavy oil in the container becomes 40 ° C or more. hour.
將依此所獲得之經活性化的水及A重油，以如下之方式混合且攪拌，進而施加溫度及壓力使其融合。具體言之，於除了溫度計又具備1kW之加溫加熱器與槳葉式攪拌機且連接有循環泵，並進而連接有混合用混合器(株式會社OHR流體工學研究所製之OHR混合器)之容積25升的上部大氣開放之開放系容器中，置入活性化水10升，並將所獲得之A重油10升也置入。而後啟動加溫加熱器之電源，使容器內之液體的溫度維持於40℃。於此，添加與上述相同之過氧化氫酶10毫升。40分鐘經過後，啟動攪拌機之電源，將水與A重油混合、攪拌。其次，令循環泵作動，並以對於混合用混合器之供給壓力成為0.5Mpa程度之方式進行調整，使混合液體循環。此時，使自循環路徑對於容器投入液體的循環配管，位於自容器內之混合液體的液面上方8cm左右。使混合液體循環1小時後，停止攪拌機、循環泵及加溫加熱器。將依此所得之液體(加水燃料)靜置約3日後，採取分析用之試料。採取之試料之量為20升。 The activated water and the A heavy oil obtained in this manner were mixed and stirred in the following manner, and then the temperature and pressure were applied to fuse them. Specifically, a 1 kW heating heater and a paddle mixer are connected to the thermometer, and a circulation pump is connected, and a mixing mixer (OHR mixer manufactured by OHR Fluid Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd.) is further connected. In an open-type container in which the upper atmosphere of the volume of 25 liters was opened, 10 liters of activated water was placed, and 10 liters of the obtained A heavy oil was also placed. The power to the warming heater is then activated to maintain the temperature of the liquid in the vessel at 40 °C. Here, 10 ml of the same catalase as above was added. After 40 minutes, start the power of the mixer, mix the water with the A heavy oil, and stir. Next, the circulation pump was operated, and the supply pressure to the mixing mixer was adjusted to a level of about 0.5 MPa to circulate the mixed liquid. At this time, the circulation pipe for introducing the liquid from the circulation path to the container is located about 8 cm above the liquid surface of the mixed liquid in the container. After circulating the mixed liquid for 1 hour, the mixer, the circulation pump, and the heating heater were stopped. After the liquid (water-added fuel) obtained in this manner was allowed to stand for about 3 days, the sample for analysis was taken. The amount of sample taken was 20 liters.
除了作為基油，代替A重油使用市售之輕油(自JX能量株式會社(ENEOS)購入之2號輕油)以外，採用與實施例1相同之方式製造加水燃料，並採取分析用之試料。採取之試料之量為20升。 In addition to being a base oil, a commercially available light oil (No. 2 light oil purchased from JX Energy Co., Ltd. (ENEOS)) was used instead of the A heavy oil, and a water-added fuel was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and a sample for analysis was used. . The amount of sample taken was 20 liters.
表1中表示本發明之實施例1及實施例2所生成之加水燃料的成分分析結果。水與油係1對1混合並融合者。 Table 1 shows the results of component analysis of the water-added fuel produced in Example 1 and Example 2 of the present invention. Water and oil are mixed and blended in a one-to-one relationship.
為比較起見，針對作為基油使用之A重油及輕油亦進行同樣之成分分析。 For the sake of comparison, the same component analysis was also carried out for the A heavy oil and the light oil used as the base oil.
首先，觀察總熱值與淨熱值，發現實施例1與實施例2均超越基油，可知本發明效果顯現。 First, the total calorific value and the net calorific value were observed, and it was found that both of Example 1 and Example 2 exceeded the base oil, and it was found that the effects of the present invention appeared.
其次，觀察水分之項目，實施例1與實施例2水分之容積%均為0.00%。由於燃料油與水係以1對1混合融合，如果沒有充分融合，理應會以水分量檢測出。可說是水分之容積%為0.00%此點，指出燃料油與水完全融合，而分析不到水成分。 Next, the moisture content was observed, and the volume % of moisture of Example 1 and Example 2 was 0.00%. Since the fuel oil and the water system are mixed in a one-to-one mixture, if they are not fully fused, they should be detected by the amount of water. It can be said that the volume % of water is 0.00%, indicating that the fuel oil is completely fused with water, and the water component is not analyzed.
如是，根據本發明，燃料基油與水完全融合，可生成高品質之加水燃料。 As a result, according to the present invention, the fuel base oil is completely fused with water to produce a high quality water-added fuel.
使用如第2圖及第3圖所示般之裝置，作為基油使用輕油，製造加水燃料。 Using a device as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, a light oil is used as a base oil to produce a water-added fuel.
首先，於收容電氣石之部分填充有與實施例1使用者相同之電氣石的精製水槽中，注入自來水150升。而後，啟動精製水槽上所設置之加熱器的電源，將溫度設定於40℃。另將與實施例1所使用者相同之過氧化氫酶添加150毫升。然後令連接於精製水槽之循環泵作動(噴出壓力0.5Mpa)，並令設置於精製水槽之超音波發生裝置作動，於水之溫度達40℃為止照射60分鐘之超音波，達40℃之後再照射60分鐘之超音波(頻率40KHz)。於將水 投入精製水槽時，4支噴射管之中僅使用1支(3支閉鎖)，使噴射管前端部之流速為3.3m/s。利用ORP計來測定所獲得之水的氧化還原電位，測得其為20mV。 First, 150 liters of tap water was poured into a purified water tank filled with tourmaline which was filled with tourmaline in the same manner as the user of Example 1. Then, the power source of the heater provided on the refining water tank was started, and the temperature was set at 40 °C. Further, 150 ml of the same catalase as the user of Example 1 was added. Then, the circulation pump connected to the refining water tank is operated (discharge pressure: 0.5 MPa), and the ultrasonic wave generating device installed in the refining water tank is operated, and the ultrasonic wave is irradiated for 60 minutes at a temperature of 40 ° C, and reaches 40 ° C. Ultrasonic waves (frequency 40 KHz) were irradiated for 60 minutes. Water When the purified water tank was put into use, only one of the four injection pipes was used (three locks), and the flow velocity of the front end portion of the injection pipe was 3.3 m/s. The ORP meter was used to measure the oxidation-reduction potential of the obtained water, which was found to be 20 mV.
其次，於基油改善槽中，注入市售之輕油(自JX能量株式會社(ENDOS)購入之2號輕油)150升。而後啟動設於基油改善槽之加熱器的電源，將溫度設定為40℃。然後令連接於基油改善槽之循環泵作動(噴出壓力0.3Mpa)，至輕油之溫度到達40℃為止循環60分鐘，到達40℃後再進而循環60分鐘。於將輕油噴射於基油改善槽時，4支噴射管之中僅使用1支(3支閉鎖)，使噴射管前端部之流速為2.0m/s。 Next, 150 liters of commercially available light oil (No. 2 light oil purchased from JX Energy Co., Ltd. (ENDOS)) was injected into the base oil improvement tank. Then, the power source of the heater provided in the base oil improvement tank was started, and the temperature was set to 40 °C. Then, the circulation pump connected to the base oil improvement tank was operated (discharge pressure 0.3 Mpa) until the temperature of the light oil reached 40 ° C for 60 minutes, and after reaching 40 ° C, it was further circulated for 60 minutes. When the light oil was sprayed on the base oil improvement tank, only one of the four injection pipes was used (three locks), and the flow velocity at the front end portion of the spray pipe was 2.0 m/s.
將依此所獲得之經活性化的水及輕油，以如下之方式混合且攪拌，進而施加溫度及壓力使其融合。具體言之，對於反應槽，移送基油改善槽中之基油75升、精製水槽中之活性化水55升(加水率約42%)。於此，添加與上述相同之過氧化氫酶65毫升。而後啟動加熱器之電源，使容器內之液體的溫度維持於40℃。液溫達40℃後，啟動循環泵，並以對於混合用混合器之供給壓力成為0.5Mpa程度之方式進行調整，使混合液體循環60分鐘。於將混合液投入反應槽時，4支噴射管之中僅使用1支(3支閉鎖)，使噴射管前端部之流速為2.0m/s。具體而言，噴射管係設為自反應槽內之混合液的液面來到8cm左右之上方。自所獲得之液體，採取分析用之試料。採取之試料之量為114升。 The activated water and the light oil obtained in this manner were mixed and stirred in the following manner, and then the temperature and pressure were applied to fuse them. Specifically, for the reaction tank, the base oil was transferred to improve the base oil of 75 liters, and the activated water in the purified water tank was 55 liters (water addition rate was about 42%). Here, 65 ml of the same catalase as above was added. The heater is then turned on to maintain the temperature of the liquid in the vessel at 40 °C. After the liquid temperature reached 40 ° C, the circulation pump was started, and the supply pressure to the mixing mixer was adjusted to about 0.5 MPa, and the mixed liquid was circulated for 60 minutes. When the mixed solution was put into the reaction tank, only one of the four injection pipes was used (three locks), and the flow velocity at the tip end portion of the injection pipe was 2.0 m/s. Specifically, the injection pipe system is set to be above the liquid level of about 8 cm from the liquid surface of the mixed liquid in the reaction tank. From the liquid obtained, a sample for analysis was taken. The amount of sample taken was 114 liters.
除了將精製水槽、基油改善槽、及反應槽之溫度設為較實施例3之情況為高，而分別設為42℃、41℃、及44℃，另將精製水槽及基油改善槽處之循環時間設為實施例3之狀況之一半(亦即均為60分鐘)以外，與實施例3採用相同方式製造加水燃料。又，利用ORP計來測定精製水槽所獲得之水的氧化還原電位時，測得為26mV。自反應槽所獲得之液體，採取分析用之試料。採取之試料之量為114升。 The temperature of the purified water tank, the base oil improvement tank, and the reaction tank was set to be higher than that of the third embodiment, and was set to 42 ° C, 41 ° C, and 44 ° C, respectively, and the refining tank and the base oil improvement tank were further provided. The water-added fuel was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the cycle time was set to one of the conditions of Example 3 (i.e., both were 60 minutes). Further, when the oxidation-reduction potential of the water obtained by purifying the water tank was measured by an ORP meter, it was found to be 26 mV. The sample obtained from the reaction tank was subjected to a sample for analysis. The amount of sample taken was 114 liters.
除了作為基油使用A重油(自富士興產株式會社購入之1種1號A重油)，將反應槽溫度設定為36℃，另將精製水槽及基油改善槽處之循環時間均設為90分鐘，並且將過氧化氫酶之於精製水槽及反應槽的添加量分別設為230毫升及130毫升以外，與實施例3採用相同方式製造加水燃料。又，利用ORP計來測定精製水槽所獲得之水的氧化還原電位時，測得為18mV。自反應槽所獲得之液體，採取分析用之試料。採取之試料之量為114升。 In addition to using A heavy oil (one type 1 A heavy oil purchased from Fujising Co., Ltd.) as the base oil, the reaction tank temperature was set to 36 ° C, and the cycle time at the purified water tank and the base oil improvement tank was set to 90. The water-added fuel was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the amount of the catalase added to the purified water tank and the reaction tank was changed to 230 ml and 130 ml, respectively. Further, when the oxidation-reduction potential of the water obtained by purifying the water tank was measured by an ORP meter, it was measured to be 18 mV. The sample obtained from the reaction tank was subjected to a sample for analysis. The amount of sample taken was 114 liters.
表2中表示本發明之實施例4及實施例5所生成之加水燃料的成分分析結果。 Table 2 shows the results of component analysis of the water-added fuels produced in Example 4 and Example 5 of the present invention.
針對實施例3中將輕油作為燃料基油依本發明方法所獲得之加水燃料的試料，進行氣相層析質量分析法(GC-MS)之定性分析。作為分析試料，準備實施例3所獲得之試料以正己烷1000倍稀釋而成者。管柱係使用HP-5MS(長度30m，內徑2.5mm，膜厚0.25μm)，載體氣體為He。分析試料之注入量為1微升，注入方法為無分流模式，烘箱溫度為50℃保持3分鐘，而後直至100℃為止每分鐘進行5℃昇溫，之後直至300℃為止每分鐘進行15℃昇溫，再於300℃下保持3分鐘。結果獲得之GC-MS之圖表係示於第5圖中。其中(a)為TIC色層譜，(b)為 18.4分鐘附近之峰的質譜。 For the sample of the water-added fuel obtained by the method of the present invention, the light oil was used as the fuel base oil in Example 3, and qualitative analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was carried out. As a sample for analysis, the sample obtained in Example 3 was prepared by diluting 1000 times of n-hexane. The column was HP-5MS (length 30 m, inner diameter 2.5 mm, film thickness 0.25 μm), and the carrier gas was He. The injection amount of the analysis sample was 1 μL, the injection method was a splitless mode, the oven temperature was maintained at 50 ° C for 3 minutes, and then the temperature was raised to 5 ° C per minute up to 100 ° C, and then the temperature was raised to 15 ° C per minute up to 300 ° C. It was kept at 300 ° C for 3 minutes. The resulting GC-MS chart is shown in Figure 5. Where (a) is the TIC chromatography spectrum and (b) is Mass spectrum of the peak near 18.4 minutes.
針對實施例4所獲得之加水燃料的試料，亦進行同樣之定性分析。結果如第6圖所示。 The same qualitative analysis was also carried out for the sample of the water-added fuel obtained in Example 4. The result is shown in Figure 6.
為比較起見，針對作為燃料基油使用之輕油，亦進行同樣之定性分析。結果如第7圖所示。 For the sake of comparison, the same qualitative analysis was also carried out for the light oil used as the fuel base oil. The result is shown in Figure 7.
將第5圖及第6圖與第7圖對比，雖然認為碳數多的成分(較C19為大者)與基油相比有減少的傾向，但實施例3及實施例4所獲得之加水燃料，確認其成分組成與基油相當程度地一致。 Comparing Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 with Fig. 7, it is considered that the component having a large carbon number (which is larger than C19) tends to decrease as compared with the base oil, but the water obtained in Example 3 and Example 4 is added. The fuel is confirmed to have a compositional composition that is substantially consistent with the base oil.
針對實施例5中將A重油作為基油並依本發明方法所獲得之加水燃料的試料，亦進行同樣之定性分析。結果示於第8圖中。 The same qualitative analysis was also carried out for the sample of Example 5 in which the heavy oil was used as the base oil and the water-added fuel obtained by the method of the present invention was used. The results are shown in Fig. 8.
為比較起見，針對作為基油使用之A重油，亦進行同樣之定性分析。結果示於第9圖中。 For the sake of comparison, the same qualitative analysis was also carried out for the A heavy oil used as the base oil. The results are shown in Figure 9.
將第8圖與第9圖對比，確認實施例5所獲得之加水燃料，其成分組成亦與基油相當程度地一致 Comparing Fig. 8 with Fig. 9, it is confirmed that the water-added fuel obtained in Example 5 has a composition similar to that of the base oil.
針對實施例3及實施例4中將輕油作為基油而依本發明之方法所獲得之加水燃料的試料，進行性狀試驗。性狀試驗之項目與方法係如下所示。 For the samples of the water-added fuel obtained by the method of the present invention using light oil as a base oil in Examples 3 and 4, a property test was carried out. The items and methods of the trait test are as follows.
‧密度(振動式15℃)：JIS K2249 ‧ Density (vibrating 15 ° C): JIS K2249
‧動黏度(30℃)：JIS K2283 ‧ Dynamic viscosity (30 ° C): JIS K2283
‧氮定量分析：JIS K2609 ‧ Quantitative analysis of nitrogen: JIS K2609
‧硫份(紫外螢光法)：JIS K2541-6 ‧ sulfur (UV fluorescence method): JIS K2541-6
‧氧份：ASTM D5622 ‧Oxygen: ASTM D5622
‧輕油組成分析(JPI法)：JPI-5S-49 ‧Light oil composition analysis (JPI method): JPI-5S-49
為比較起見，針對作為基油使用之輕油，亦進行同樣之性狀試驗。 For the sake of comparison, the same trait test was also carried out for the light oil used as the base oil.
結果示於表3中。 The results are shown in Table 3.
由表3可認為，本發明之方法所獲得之加水燃料，與基油相比芳香族份減少，飽和份增加。芳香族份少而飽和份多的輕油，由效率或排氣之毒性份及PM之削減的觀點而言令人期待。 It can be considered from Table 3 that the water-added fuel obtained by the method of the present invention has a reduced aromatic content and an increased saturated portion as compared with the base oil. A light oil having a small amount of aromatics and a large amount of saturated oil is expected from the viewpoints of efficiency, toxicity of exhaust gas, and reduction of PM.
針對實施例3及實施例4中將輕油作為基油依本發明之方法所獲得之加水燃料的試料，進行氧化安定度試驗(試驗方法：ASTM D2274)。為比較起見，針對作為基油使用之輕油，亦進行相同之氧化安定度試驗。 For the samples of the water-added fuel obtained by the method of the present invention using light oil as a base oil in Examples 3 and 4, an oxidation stability test (test method: ASTM D2274) was carried out. For the sake of comparison, the same oxidation stability test was also carried out for the light oil used as the base oil.
測定之淤渣量，就任一試料，均是低於測定界限之0.1mg/100毫升。 The amount of sludge measured was 0.1 mg/100 ml below the measurement limit for any of the samples.
針對實施例3中將輕油作為燃料基油依本發明之方法所獲得之加水燃料，進行JC08模式行車試驗(使用車：日產汽車NV350型式LDF-VW2E26重量1840kg)。為比較起見，針對市售之輕油(JIS2號)，亦進行相同之行車試驗。 For the water-added fuel obtained by the method of the present invention using light oil as a fuel base oil in Example 3, the JC08 mode driving test was carried out (use vehicle: Nissan Automobile NV350 type LDF-VW2E26 weight 1840 kg). For the sake of comparison, the same driving test was also carried out for the commercially available light oil (JIS No. 2).
結果示於表4。為供參考，排氣規制值亦一併記入。 The results are shown in Table 4. For reference, the exhaust regulation values are also recorded.
由表4可注目的重點是，由本發明之方法所獲得之加水燃料，特別是CO2排出量較市售之輕油為低。 It is important to note from Table 4 that the water-added fuel obtained by the method of the present invention, particularly the CO 2 emission, is lower than the commercially available light oil.
實施例3所獲得之加水燃料，以體積比率計，42%係由來於水。混合於燃料基油之水的對於燃料之轉換率，根據至此為止之實驗結果可推定為大致70%，生成之燃料的總量中，由來於水之之燃料的體積比率，可由下式[由來於水之燃料的體積比率]=(42×0.7)/(58+42×0.7)=34% 求得。基於此可評估在實施例3之情形下，所獲得之燃料之中，34%並非由來於石油。因此，實施例3所獲得之燃料，可視為將碳排出量作34%左右之削減。 The water-added fuel obtained in Example 3, based on the volume ratio, was derived from water. The conversion rate of the fuel to the fuel base oil can be estimated to be approximately 70% based on the experimental results so far. The volume ratio of the fuel derived from water in the total amount of fuel produced can be obtained from the following formula [from the following formula] Volume ratio of fuel to water]=(42×0.7)/(58+42×0.7)=34% Seek. Based on this, it can be evaluated that in the case of Embodiment 3, 34% of the obtained fuel is not derived from petroleum. Therefore, the fuel obtained in Example 3 can be regarded as a reduction in the carbon discharge amount by about 34%.
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