TWI606908B - Fine-grained ceramic mold, method for producing the ceramic mold, and method for producing ceramics using the ceramic mold - Google Patents
Fine-grained ceramic mold, method for producing the ceramic mold, and method for producing ceramics using the ceramic mold Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/26—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by slip-casting, i.e. by casting a suspension or dispersion of the material in a liquid-absorbent or porous mould, the liquid being allowed to soak into or pass through the walls of the mould; Moulds therefor ; specially for manufacturing articles starting from a ceramic slip; Moulds therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/26—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by slip-casting, i.e. by casting a suspension or dispersion of the material in a liquid-absorbent or porous mould, the liquid being allowed to soak into or pass through the walls of the mould; Moulds therefor ; specially for manufacturing articles starting from a ceramic slip; Moulds therefor
- B28B1/261—Moulds therefor
- B28B1/262—Mould materials; Manufacture of moulds or parts thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/26—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by slip-casting, i.e. by casting a suspension or dispersion of the material in a liquid-absorbent or porous mould, the liquid being allowed to soak into or pass through the walls of the mould; Moulds therefor ; specially for manufacturing articles starting from a ceramic slip; Moulds therefor
- B28B1/261—Moulds therefor
- B28B1/262—Mould materials; Manufacture of moulds or parts thereof
- B28B1/264—Plaster
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/0064—Moulds characterised by special surfaces for producing a desired surface of a moulded article, e.g. profiled or polished moulding surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)
- Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
Description
本發明係關於一種具精細紋路之陶瓷模具、該陶瓷模具的製造方法及使用該陶瓷模具生產陶瓷件的方法，尤指一種以三維積層製造之陶瓷模具、該陶瓷模具的製造方法及使用該陶瓷模具生產陶瓷件的方法。 The present invention relates to a ceramic mold with fine lines, a method for manufacturing the ceramic mold, and a method for producing the ceramic member using the ceramic mold, and more particularly to a ceramic mold manufactured by three-dimensional laminate, a method for manufacturing the ceramic mold, and the use of the ceramic A method of producing ceramic parts by a mold.
就傳統之陶瓷件製造方法而言，針對較複雜造型之成形，通常係利用泥漿鑄造(slip casting)來成形。其製作過程中，首先製作原型(prototype；即用油土製成之土坯、用泥土製成之泥胚或以木材雕刻成之木模等之公模)，將其翻製成石膏模具(母模)後，於該石膏模具中澆鑄泥漿(slurry)而製成生胚(green body)；接著，讓生胚在石膏模具內固化、成型後，自石膏模具脫模，經過完全乾燥後進行初步燒製(一般稱為素燒(biscuit firing))，最後再進行上釉，並進一步燒製(釉燒至完全緻密)以製造陶瓷件。 In the case of the conventional ceramic part manufacturing method, the formation of a more complicated shape is usually formed by slip casting. In the production process, the prototype is first made (prototype; that is, an adobe made of oil soil, a mud made of clay or a male mold carved out of wood), and turned into a plaster mold (mother) After the mold, a slurry is cast into the plaster mold to form a green body; then, the green embryo is solidified in the plaster mold and molded, and then released from the plaster mold, and after preliminary drying, preliminary Firing (generally referred to as "biscuit firing"), and finally glazing, and further firing (glaze to full density) to make ceramic parts.
然而，於上述之現有製程中，在製造表面具有如短小倒角等之精緻陶瓷件時，由於該倒角脆弱易斷裂，且不易脫模，故無法以石膏模具來生產。又，由石膏材料製成之模具，雖吸水率高而適於製造生胚，但石 膏模具會因吸水而毀損，故至多僅可使用30~50次，壽命較短。而且，越是精細紋路的石膏模具，其使用壽命又會更短。 However, in the above-mentioned conventional process, when the surface of the manufacturing has a delicate ceramic member such as a short chamfer, since the chamfer is fragile and easily broken, and it is not easy to demold, it cannot be produced by a plaster mold. Moreover, the mold made of gypsum material has high water absorption rate and is suitable for making raw embryos, but stone The paste mold will be damaged by water absorption, so it can only be used for 30~50 times and has a short life. Moreover, the finer the grain of the plaster mold, the shorter the service life.
另一方面，在已知的解決方案中，作為上述表面具有短小倒角之精緻陶瓷件的製造方法，已知台灣專利第402555號「坯體表面密佈短小倒角陶瓷裝飾品的製造方法」。該專利教示了以下主要步驟，首先提供一表面密佈短小倒角的泥坯原型，並以該泥坯原型製成矽膠模具，即以「矽膠模具」製成樹脂原型，再以樹脂原型分別製成至少二片矽膠模具(各包含一定位的底模件、一泥漿澆鑄的模穴矽膠模件及一上模件)，於矽膠模件的模穴澆鑄適量泥漿，再將之與上模件組合；該上模件以具有吸水作用的石膏材料製成，吸收矽膠模件模穴中泥漿的大部份水份，直到乾燥度足以脫模為止，分別拆除上模件，二矽膠模件中的坯體接合線，以泥漿塗佈及併合，供二半面的坯體於乾燥後接合成一完整的造形坯體者。 On the other hand, in a known solution, as a method of manufacturing an exquisite ceramic member having a short chamfer on the surface, a method of manufacturing a short surface chamfered ceramic ornament of a blank surface is known from Taiwan Patent No. 402555. The patent teaches the following main steps. Firstly, a prototype of a mud blank with a short surface chamfer is provided, and a silicone mold is prepared from the prototype of the clay, that is, a resin prototype is prepared by using a "silicone mold", and then a resin prototype is separately prepared. At least two pieces of silicone molds (each comprising a positioning bottom mold part, a mud casting mold cavity rubber mold part and an upper mold part), casting a proper amount of mud in the mold cavity of the silicone mold part, and then combining the same with the upper mold part The upper mold member is made of a gypsum material having a water absorbing effect, and absorbs most of the moisture of the mud in the cavity of the silicone resin mold until the dryness is sufficient to demould the mold, and the upper mold member is removed separately. The green body bonding wire is coated and combined with mud, and the blank body of the two halves is joined to form a complete shaped body after drying.
如上所述，上述製造方法之製程繁雜，仍須先製備泥坯原型之公模後再翻製矽膠模具之母模，耗時費工而成本高，且矽膠模具之使用壽命仍然有限；又，矽膠特性為可撓，須另外的材料來補充其強度。 As described above, the manufacturing process of the above manufacturing method is complicated, and it is still necessary to prepare the male mold of the prototype of the mud blank and then convert the master mold of the silicone mold, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the service life of the silicone mold is still limited; The silicone properties are flexible and require additional materials to supplement their strength.
因此，正尋求一種壽命長、吸水率高、易脫模而適於製造表面具有如短小倒角等之精緻陶瓷件的模具。進一步，尋求一種能精簡製程來生產該精緻陶瓷件的製造方法。 Therefore, a mold which is long in life, high in water absorption, and easy to demold is suitable for manufacturing a delicate ceramic member having a surface such as a short chamfer or the like. Further, a manufacturing method capable of streamlining a process to produce the delicate ceramic member is sought.
本發明之主要目的係在提供一種具精細紋路之陶瓷模具的製造方法，其係採用三維積層製造來積層陶瓷材料而製造出陶瓷模具，其與傳統的減法開模方式相比，三維積層可形成極精細的紋路，俾能製造出其他傳統製程方式所不可企及的複雜物件。此外，又可省去傳統製程中製備公模之工序，生產時程短，且適於大量生產或客製化之少量多樣生產，可大幅降低製造成本。 The main object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a ceramic mold with fine lines, which is a three-dimensional laminate manufacturing method for laminating ceramic materials to produce a ceramic mold, which can form a three-dimensional laminate compared with the conventional subtractive mold opening method. Extremely fine lines can create complex objects that are unmatched by other traditional processes. In addition, the process of preparing the male mold in the conventional process can be omitted, the production time is short, and a small amount of various productions suitable for mass production or customization can be greatly reduced, and the manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced.
本發明之另一目的係在提供一種具精細紋路之陶瓷模具，其使用壽命長、吸水率高、且易脫模，俾能適於製造表面具有如短小倒角等之精緻陶瓷件。 Another object of the present invention is to provide a ceramic mold having a fine grain which has a long service life, a high water absorption rate, and is easily released from the mold, and is suitable for producing a delicate ceramic member having a surface such as a short chamfer.
本發明之又一目的係在提供一種使用該陶瓷模具生產陶瓷件的方法，俾能以相當精簡之製程生產表面具有如短小倒角等之精緻陶瓷件。此外，透過將陶瓷模具和生胚共燒，有利於精細紋路部分的脫模。 Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method of producing a ceramic member using the ceramic mold, which can produce a delicate ceramic member having a surface such as a short chamfer or the like in a relatively compact process. In addition, by co-firing the ceramic mold and the green embryo, the demolding of the fine grain portion is facilitated.
為達成上述目的，本發明一種具精細紋路之陶瓷模具的製造方法，主要包括以下步驟：(A)以三維積層製造形成一模具胚件；以及(B)燒結模具胚件；其中，模具胚件係以一特定溫度進行燒結，特定溫度係低於1600℃，使模具胚件未完全瓷化緻密，燒結後之模具胚件的吸水率為10%以上。於本發明中，「吸水率」係指「每單位體積的吸水率」。 In order to achieve the above object, a method for manufacturing a fine-grained ceramic mold of the present invention mainly comprises the following steps: (A) forming a mold blank by three-dimensional build-up; and (B) sintering a mold blank; wherein, the mold blank The sintering is performed at a specific temperature, and the specific temperature is lower than 1600 ° C, so that the mold blank is not completely porcelainized and dense, and the water absorption rate of the mold blank after sintering is 10% or more. In the present invention, "water absorption rate" means "water absorption rate per unit volume".
較佳的是，本發明具精細紋路之陶瓷模具的製造方法，其特定溫度係介於800℃至1600℃之間，燒 結時間為1小時至24小時，燒結後之模具胚件的吸水率係介於10%至70%。 Preferably, the method for manufacturing a fine-grained ceramic mold of the present invention has a specific temperature of between 800 ° C and 1600 ° C and is fired. The junction time is from 1 hour to 24 hours, and the water absorption of the mold blank after sintering is between 10% and 70%.
據此，本發明所提供之具精細紋路之陶瓷模具的製造方法中，藉由以未完全瓷化緻密的方式燒結陶瓷模具，可使陶瓷模具留有孔隙，而可保有較佳的吸水性。又，藉由以特定溫度進行燒結，可調整陶瓷模具的緻密程度，進而能夠調整模具的吸水率。換言之，本發明之陶瓷模具之吸水率可藉由燒結溫度彈性地調整之。 Accordingly, in the method for manufacturing a fine-grained ceramic mold provided by the present invention, by sintering the ceramic mold in a manner that is not completely porcelain-densified, the ceramic mold can be left with voids, and better water absorption can be maintained. Further, by sintering at a specific temperature, the degree of density of the ceramic mold can be adjusted, and the water absorption rate of the mold can be adjusted. In other words, the water absorption rate of the ceramic mold of the present invention can be elastically adjusted by the sintering temperature.
詳言之，本發明之燒結溫度可視製造陶瓷模具所使用之精密陶瓷材料的種類及其在後述之漿料中所占比例而進行調整，並未特別限定。該精密陶瓷材料(即後述之精密陶瓷粉末)，只要是燒結後具備相當強度之精密陶瓷材料即可，一般而言可為氧化鋯、氧化鋁或其混合物等。例如，當該精密陶瓷材料為氧化鋯時，因氧化鋯完全瓷化緻密之燒結溫度一般為1400℃至1600℃(視該材料之顆粒大小)，為了使其不完全瓷化緻密，此時之燒結溫度可選擇較1400℃至1600℃低至少100℃以上，較佳為低200℃以上之溫度，即例如可選擇1300℃，藉此可調整陶瓷模具的緻密程度，即吸水率。然而，使其不完全瓷化緻密，目的有二，其一為保有吸水率以便生胚(泥胚)成型，其二為陶瓷模具在進行後述之共燒時還保有收縮之餘地以便精細紋路部分的脫模。 In detail, the sintering temperature of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can be adjusted depending on the type of the fine ceramic material used for the production of the ceramic mold and its proportion in the slurry to be described later. The precision ceramic material (that is, the fine ceramic powder to be described later) may be a fine ceramic material having a considerable strength after sintering, and generally may be zirconia, alumina or a mixture thereof. For example, when the precision ceramic material is zirconia, the sintering temperature due to the complete zirconia compaction is generally 1400 ° C to 1600 ° C (depending on the particle size of the material), in order to make it incompletely porcelain dense, at this time The sintering temperature may be selected to be at least 100 ° C lower than 1400 ° C to 1600 ° C, preferably lower than 200 ° C, that is, for example, 1300 ° C may be selected, whereby the degree of compactness of the ceramic mold, that is, the water absorption rate, may be adjusted. However, it is not completely porcelainized and dense, and the purpose is two. One is to maintain the water absorption rate for the formation of raw embryos (mud embryos), and the other is that the ceramic mold still has room for shrinkage during the co-firing described later for fine grain portions. Demoulding.
又，本發明之吸水率會隨陶瓷模具的緻密程度而有所不同，緻密程度又與孔隙率和吸水率成反比；舉例言之，緻密程度高，孔隙率下降，而吸水率也隨之 降低；另一方面，若吸水率越高，生胚固化成型之時間越短。據此，藉由調整緻密程度，可使陶瓷模具的吸水率高達如石膏模具般的吸水能力，而且可在例如10%至50%之間作調整；如使用γ-氧化鋁或加入陶瓷纖維等難燒結之原料製作陶瓷模具，吸水率甚至可高達50%以上。 Moreover, the water absorption rate of the present invention varies with the degree of compactness of the ceramic mold, and the degree of compactness is inversely proportional to the porosity and water absorption; for example, the degree of compactness is high, the porosity is decreased, and the water absorption rate is also followed. On the other hand, if the water absorption rate is higher, the time for solidification of the green embryo is shorter. Accordingly, by adjusting the degree of density, the water absorption of the ceramic mold can be as high as that of a plaster mold, and can be adjusted, for example, between 10% and 50%; for example, using γ-alumina or adding ceramic fibers, etc. Ceramic molds are made from difficult-to-sinter materials, and the water absorption rate can be as high as 50% or more.
又，本發明具精細紋路之陶瓷模具的製造方法，其中步驟(A)的三維積層製造可包括以下步驟：(A1)準備複數切層投影圖像、及一漿料；其中，複數切層投影圖像係將陶瓷模具之立體圖像沿其軸向或其徑向以一特定厚度切割而成；漿料包括一精密陶瓷粉末、一光硬化樹脂、以及一溶劑；(A2)使用一可見光或一紫外光逐一地照射複數切層投影圖像，而投影於漿料上，而逐層地固化並形成模具胚件；以及(A3)加熱模具胚件，使模具胚件內所含之光硬化樹脂和溶劑脫脂。 Moreover, the method for manufacturing a ceramic mold having fine lines according to the present invention, wherein the three-dimensional layer manufacturing of the step (A) may comprise the steps of: (A1) preparing a plurality of sliced projection images, and a slurry; wherein, the plurality of slice projections The image is formed by cutting a stereoscopic image of the ceramic mold along a certain axial direction or a radial direction thereof; the slurry comprises a precision ceramic powder, a photo-curing resin, and a solvent; (A2) using a visible light or An ultraviolet light illuminates a plurality of sliced projection images one by one, and is projected onto the slurry to solidify layer by layer and form a mold blank; and (A3) heats the mold blank to harden the light contained in the mold blank The resin and solvent are degreased.
本發明之精密陶瓷粉末，已如前所述，可為氧化鋁、氧化鋯或其混合物等耐高溫之材料，而溶劑可為甲醇、乙醇、丙二醇等醇類、水、或該等之混合溶劑等。 The fine ceramic powder of the present invention may be a high temperature resistant material such as alumina, zirconia or a mixture thereof as described above, and the solvent may be an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol or propylene glycol, water, or a mixed solvent thereof. Wait.
為達成上述目的，本發明一種具精細紋路之陶瓷模具，主要包括一陶瓷模層，其係利用如上述之三維積層製造方法製造而成；陶瓷模層可包括一模內面、及一模外面，模內面構成一模穴之至少一部份，且模內面之表面形成有一精細紋路。 In order to achieve the above object, a ceramic mold having a fine grain mainly comprises a ceramic mold layer which is manufactured by a three-dimensional layer manufacturing method as described above; the ceramic mold layer may include a mold inner surface and a mold outer surface. The inner surface of the mold forms at least a part of a cavity, and the surface of the inner surface of the mold is formed with a fine grain.
本發明具精細紋路之陶瓷模具，可更包括一補充模層，其係設置於陶瓷模層之模外面上。藉由補充 模層之設置，除可增加吸水效果外，並可減少陶瓷模層之厚度，降低成本及模具生產工時，又可增加整體強度，以及方便生產操作。 The ceramic mold with fine grain of the present invention may further comprise a supplementary mold layer which is disposed on the outer surface of the mold of the ceramic mold layer. By supplementing The setting of the mold layer can not only increase the water absorption effect, but also reduce the thickness of the ceramic mold layer, reduce the cost and the mold production time, increase the overall strength, and facilitate the production operation.
本發明具精細紋路之陶瓷模具，較佳為，補充模層係由石膏所構成。藉由補充模層採用石膏，可進一步提升吸水性，且成本低廉。但並不以石膏作為補充模層為限，本發明可依不同需求採用不同材質作為補充模層。 In the ceramic mold with fine grain of the present invention, preferably, the supplementary mold layer is composed of gypsum. By using gypsum in the supplementary mold layer, the water absorption can be further improved and the cost is low. However, the gypsum is not used as a supplementary mold layer, and the present invention can use different materials as a supplementary mold layer according to different requirements.
為達成上述目的，本發明一種使用具精細紋路之陶瓷模具生產陶瓷件的方法，包括以下步驟：(a)提供一具精細紋路之陶瓷模具，其係利用如上述之方法製造而成；(b)澆鑄泥漿於陶瓷模具之模穴內，並形成一泥胚；(c)共燒陶瓷模具和泥胚；以及(d)泥胚脫模而成一陶瓷件。 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for producing a ceramic member using a fine-grained ceramic mold, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a fine-grained ceramic mold which is manufactured by the method described above; Casting mud in the cavity of the ceramic mold and forming a mud embryo; (c) co-firing the ceramic mold and the mud embryo; and (d) demoulding the mud to form a ceramic piece.
藉由進行如上述之步驟(c)之共燒，泥胚將成型收縮(視共燒溫度而定，一般而言係收縮10~20%)，因此可使精細紋路部分的脫模變得更容易。 By performing the co-firing as in the above step (c), the mud embryo will be shrink-formed (depending on the co-firing temperature, generally shrinking by 10 to 20%), so that the demolding of the fine grain portion can be further improved. easily.
又，本發明使用具精細紋路之陶瓷模具生產陶瓷件的方法，其中於步驟(c)中，共燒陶瓷模具和泥胚之共燒溫度係低於特定溫度。較佳的是，共燒溫度係介於1000℃至1600℃之間。再者，本發明使用具精細紋路之陶瓷模具生產陶瓷件的方法，其中於步驟(c)中，共燒時間為0.1小時至10小時。 Further, the present invention uses a ceramic mold having a fine grain to produce a ceramic member, wherein in the step (c), the co-firing temperature of the co-fired ceramic mold and the mud embryo is lower than a specific temperature. Preferably, the co-firing temperature is between 1000 ° C and 1600 ° C. Further, the present invention uses a ceramic mold having a fine grain to produce a ceramic member, wherein in the step (c), the co-firing time is from 0.1 hour to 10 hours.
此外，於步驟(b)中，泥胚之含水率為25%至50%。因無需事先脫膜，故無需等到完全乾燥，藉此可精簡製程並縮短時間。於本發明中，「含水率」係指「每單位體積的含水率」。 Further, in the step (b), the moisture content of the mud embryo is 25% to 50%. Since there is no need to remove the film beforehand, it is not necessary to wait until it is completely dry, thereby simplifying the process and shortening the time. In the present invention, "water content" means "water content per unit volume".
1‧‧‧具精細紋路之陶瓷模具 1‧‧‧ceramic mould with fine grain
11‧‧‧上模 11‧‧‧上模
12‧‧‧下模 12‧‧‧Down
13‧‧‧模心 13‧‧‧Molding
2‧‧‧陶瓷模層 2‧‧‧ceramic mold layer
21‧‧‧模內面 21‧‧‧Inside
22‧‧‧模外面 22‧‧‧ outside the mold
FP‧‧‧精細紋路 FP‧‧‧Fine lines
3‧‧‧補充模層 3‧‧‧Additional moulding
4‧‧‧泥胚 4‧‧‧ mud embryo
5‧‧‧陶瓷件 5‧‧‧Ceramic pieces
圖1係本發明一較佳實施例之具精細紋路之陶瓷模具的剖面圖。 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a ceramic mold having a fine grain according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
圖2係本發明一較佳實施例之具精細紋路之陶瓷模具的製法流程圖。 2 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a ceramic mold with fine lines according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
圖3係本發明一較佳實施例之泥漿澆鑄示意圖。 Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of a slurry casting in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
圖4係本發明一較佳實施例之共燒作業示意圖。 Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of a co-firing operation in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
圖5係本發明一較佳實施例之陶瓷件立體圖。 Figure 5 is a perspective view of a ceramic member in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
本發明具精細紋路之陶瓷模具、該陶瓷模具的製造方法及使用該陶瓷模具生產陶瓷件的方法在本實施例中被詳細描述之前，要特別注意的是，以下的說明中，類似的元件將以相同的元件符號來表示。再者，本發明之圖式僅作為示意說明，其未必按比例繪製，且所有細節也未必全部呈現於圖式中。 The ceramic mold with fine grain of the present invention, the method for manufacturing the ceramic mold, and the method for producing the ceramic member using the ceramic mold are described in detail in the present embodiment, and it is particularly noted that in the following description, similar components will be Expressed by the same component symbol. In addition, the drawings of the present invention are merely illustrative, and are not necessarily drawn to scale, and all details are not necessarily shown in the drawings.
請參閱圖1，圖1係本發明一較佳實施例之具精細紋路之陶瓷模具剖面圖。如圖中所示，本實施例之具精細紋路之陶瓷模具主要包括一陶瓷模層2，該陶瓷模層2之厚度約1mm至5mm，該陶瓷模層2且主要包括一模內面21、及一模外面22，該模內面21構成一模 穴之一部份，該模穴供澆鑄泥漿，該模內面21之表面形成有一精細紋路FP。再者，該陶瓷模層2之該模外面22上設置有一補充模層3，其材質為石膏。 Please refer to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a ceramic mold with fine lines according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the fine-grained ceramic mold of the embodiment mainly comprises a ceramic mold layer 2 having a thickness of about 1 mm to 5 mm, and the ceramic mold layer 2 mainly comprises an inner mold surface 21, And an outer surface 22, the inner surface 21 of the mold forms a mold In one part of the cavity, the cavity is for casting mud, and a surface of the die 21 is formed with a fine grain FP. Further, the mold outer layer 22 of the ceramic mold layer 2 is provided with a supplementary mold layer 3 made of gypsum.
請參閱圖2，圖2係本發明一較佳實施例之具精細紋路之陶瓷模具製法流程圖。如圖中所示，本實施例之具精細紋路之陶瓷模具的製造方法，包括以下步驟：(A)以三維積層製造形成一模具胚件；以及(B)燒結該模具胚件；首先，於該步驟(A)中，步驟(A1)係準備複數切層投影圖像、及一漿料；其中，該複數切層投影圖像係將該陶瓷模具之立體圖像沿其軸向或其徑向以一特定厚度切割而成；該漿料包括一精密陶瓷粉末、一光硬化樹脂、以及一溶劑，該漿料厚度約為20微米，其中本實施例中之溶劑係使用乙醇；靜置該漿料約1~2分鐘，使部分乙醇溶劑因重力、及虹吸現象向下滲透。 Please refer to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a ceramic mold with fine lines according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the method for manufacturing a fine-grained ceramic mold of the present embodiment comprises the steps of: (A) forming a mold blank by three-dimensional build-up; and (B) sintering the mold blank; first, In the step (A), the step (A1) is to prepare a plurality of sliced projection images, and a slurry; wherein the plurality of sliced projection images are the stereoscopic image of the ceramic mold along the axial direction or the diameter thereof Cutting into a specific thickness; the slurry comprises a precision ceramic powder, a photohardenable resin, and a solvent having a thickness of about 20 microns, wherein the solvent in the embodiment uses ethanol; The slurry is about 1 to 2 minutes, allowing some of the ethanol solvent to penetrate downward due to gravity and siphoning.
接著，步驟(A2)，使用一可見光或一紫外光逐一地照射該複數切層投影圖像，而投影於該漿料上，固化並形成該模具胚件；重覆上述步驟，即逐層地重覆靜置步驟，並分別對複數切層投影圖像逐張地照射，使逐層固化，直至完成一模具胚件。 Next, in step (A2), the plurality of sliced projection images are irradiated one by one using a visible light or an ultraviolet light, and projected onto the slurry to solidify and form the mold blank; repeating the above steps, that is, layer by layer The steps of rest are repeated, and the plurality of sliced projection images are respectively irradiated one by one to solidify layer by layer until a mold blank is completed.
再者，於步驟(A3)中，清除胚件上未固化之雜料，例如以乙醇溶劑清洗胚件，使雜料脫離胚件。其次，步驟(A4)，加熱該模具胚件，使該模具胚件內所含之該光硬化樹脂和該溶劑脫脂。 Further, in the step (A3), the uncured material on the blank is removed, for example, the blank is washed with an ethanol solvent to separate the ash from the blank. Next, in step (A4), the mold blank is heated to degrease the photohardenable resin contained in the mold blank and the solvent.
此外，步驟(B)，燒結該模具胚件；於燒結施作前，本實施例係進行加熱步驟如後：耗時約30分鐘而 從常溫加熱至約150℃；接著，耗時約10小時而從150℃加熱至約450℃；又，耗時約1.5小時而從450℃加熱至約600℃。據此，透過高溫加熱，可使胚件內所含之光硬化樹脂和溶劑蒸發，進而僅保留精密陶瓷粉末所構成之胚件。最後進行本實施例之燒結步驟：使用約1400℃對該模具胚件進行燒結，燒結時間為約1~3小時，使該模具胚件未完全瓷化緻密，燒結後之該模具胚件的吸水率約為20~50%。 In addition, in step (B), the mold blank is sintered; before the sintering is applied, the embodiment is subjected to a heating step as follows: it takes about 30 minutes. Heating from room temperature to about 150 ° C; then, heating from 150 ° C to about 450 ° C for about 10 hours; again, heating from 450 ° C to about 600 ° C for about 1.5 hours. According to this, by the high-temperature heating, the photo-curable resin and the solvent contained in the blank member can be evaporated, and only the blank member composed of the fine ceramic powder can be retained. Finally, the sintering step of the embodiment is performed: the mold blank is sintered at about 1400 ° C, and the sintering time is about 1 to 3 hours, so that the mold blank is not completely porcelainized and dense, and the water absorption of the mold blank after sintering is performed. The rate is about 20~50%.
最後，步驟(C)，形成補充模層3，即於燒結後並經冷卻之模具胚件外塗敷石膏作為補充模層3。然而，以石膏作為補充模層3之目的在於，除可增加吸水效果外，並可減少陶瓷模層2之厚度，降低成本及模具生產工時，又可增加整體強度，以及方便生產操作。 Finally, in step (C), a supplementary mold layer 3 is formed, that is, gypsum is applied as a supplementary mold layer 3 after the sintering and cooling of the mold blank. However, the purpose of using gypsum as the supplementary mold layer 3 is to increase the thickness of the ceramic mold layer 2, reduce the cost and mold production time, increase the overall strength, and facilitate the production operation, in addition to increasing the water absorption effect.
請參閱圖3、及圖4，圖3係本發明一較佳實施例之泥漿澆鑄示意圖，圖4係本發明一較佳實施例之共燒作業示意圖。如圖中所示，本實施例之使用具精細紋路之陶瓷模具生產陶瓷件的方法主要包括以下步驟：首先，提供利用如上所製成之本實施例具精細紋路之陶瓷模具1。再者，如圖3所示，澆鑄泥漿於該陶瓷模具1之模穴內，待其稍微固化成型後，並形成一泥胚4，而該泥胚4之含水率為25%至50%即可；其中，圖3所顯示為上模11。 Referring to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a slurry casting according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a co-firing operation according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the method for producing a ceramic member using a ceramic mold having a fine grain mainly includes the following steps. First, a ceramic mold 1 having a fine grain of the present embodiment produced as above is provided. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3, the slurry is cast in the cavity of the ceramic mold 1, and after it is slightly solidified, a mud embryo 4 is formed, and the moisture content of the mud 4 is 25% to 50%. FIG. 3 shows the upper mold 11.
接著，結合上模11和下模12，並移除模心13後，共燒該陶瓷模具1(上模11及下模12)和該泥胚4。然而，因為在陶瓷模具1的製造過程中，已先經過燒結， 且共燒該陶瓷模具1和該泥胚4之共燒溫度係低於燒結該陶瓷模具1之特定溫度，基本上陶瓷模具1在與泥胚4的共燒過程中收縮率是微乎其微，然而泥胚4燒結後的收縮率約10%~20%，其遠大於陶瓷模具1之收縮率，相當有利於脫模，甚至會自動脫模。 Next, after combining the upper mold 11 and the lower mold 12, and removing the mold core 13, the ceramic mold 1 (the upper mold 11 and the lower mold 12) and the mud blank 4 are co-fired. However, since the ceramic mold 1 is first sintered, And the co-firing temperature of the ceramic mold 1 and the mud embryo 4 is lower than the specific temperature of sintering the ceramic mold 1, and the shrinkage rate of the ceramic mold 1 during the co-firing process with the mud embryo 4 is minimal, however, the mud The shrinkage rate of the embryo 4 after sintering is about 10% to 20%, which is much larger than the shrinkage rate of the ceramic mold 1, which is quite advantageous for demolding and even automatic demolding.
再且，上述的共燒步驟中，其共燒溫度約1100℃，而共燒時間為約0.1~1小時。最後，即該泥胚4脫模而成一陶瓷件5，即如圖5所示。需要特別說明的是，本實施例中的共燒溫度，只要在上述陶瓷模具2完全瓷化緻密所需之溫度以下，且在使泥胚4素燒至達完全緻密之最低溫度以上即可。藉此，因陶瓷模具2仍保持未完全瓷化緻密之狀態，仍具備相當之吸水率，故可重複利用該陶瓷模具2，且在保持未完全瓷化緻密之狀態下，可無限次使用該陶瓷模具2，亦即該陶瓷模具2的壽命可大幅增長。 Further, in the above co-firing step, the co-firing temperature is about 1100 ° C, and the co-firing time is about 0.1 to 1 hour. Finally, the mud blank 4 is demolded into a ceramic member 5, as shown in FIG. It should be noted that the co-firing temperature in the present embodiment may be equal to or lower than the temperature required for the ceramic mold 2 to be completely porcelain-densified and dense, and to burn the shale 4 to a minimum temperature at which it is completely dense. Thereby, since the ceramic mold 2 remains in an incompletely porcelain-densified state and still has a relatively high water absorption rate, the ceramic mold 2 can be reused, and the ceramic mold 2 can be reused in an infinite state while remaining in an incompletely porcelain-densified state. The life of the ceramic mold 2, that is, the ceramic mold 2 can be greatly increased.
請參閱圖5，圖5係本發明一較佳實施例之陶瓷件立體圖。如圖中所示，透過如上所述之製造方法製成表面具精細紋路之陶瓷件5，即精細毛髮紋路之小兔子。更具體而言，如圖5所示之精細毛髮紋路，其部分毛髮具備倒角，以一般的傳統製程難以製造，但以本發明所提供之陶瓷模具和製造方法，將可輕鬆大量生產，且成本低廉。 Please refer to FIG. 5. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a ceramic component according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the ceramic member 5 having a fine grain on the surface is formed by the manufacturing method as described above, that is, a bunny having a fine hair texture. More specifically, the fine hair texture shown in FIG. 5 has a part of the hair chamfered and is difficult to manufacture by a conventional conventional process, but the ceramic mold and the manufacturing method provided by the present invention can be easily mass-produced, and low cost.
綜上而論，本發明至少具備以下特點： In summary, the present invention has at least the following features:
1.以三維積層製造陶瓷模具，可形成極精細的紋路，俾能製造出傳統手工或其他習知工序所難以企及的複雜物件。 1. The ceramic mold is made by three-dimensional layering, which can form extremely fine lines, and can create complex objects that are difficult to meet by traditional manual or other conventional processes.
2.省去傳統製程的公模，直接以三維積層製造陶瓷模具作為母模，大幅精簡製程，減少製程所耗時間和人力，可顯著降低成本。 2. Eliminate the public mold of the traditional process, directly use the three-dimensional layer to manufacture the ceramic mold as the master mold, greatly simplify the process, reduce the time and labor required for the process, and significantly reduce the cost.
3.陶瓷模具具備高強度、高硬度、膨脹及收縮率穩定等優異之物理特性，使用壽命長，且易清理。 3. Ceramic molds have excellent physical properties such as high strength, high hardness, stable expansion and shrinkage, long service life and easy cleaning.
4.可以燒結溫度來控制陶瓷模具之緻密度，亦即陶瓷模具之吸水率可依實際需求任意調控。 4. The sintering temperature can be used to control the density of the ceramic mold, that is, the water absorption rate of the ceramic mold can be arbitrarily adjusted according to actual needs.
5.泥胚燒結前無需事先脫模，其可與陶瓷模具共燒，故無需等待泥胚固化成型，故可大幅縮短工時。 5. The mud embryo does not need to be demolded before sintering, and it can be co-fired with the ceramic mold, so there is no need to wait for the solidification of the mud, so the working time can be greatly shortened.
6.陶瓷模具可與泥胚共燒，又燒結後的泥胚因收縮可輕易脫模，且脫模過程將不會損及原本的精細紋路。 6. The ceramic mold can be co-fired with the mud, and the sintered mud can be demoulded easily due to shrinkage, and the demolding process will not damage the original fine lines.
上述實施例僅係為了方便說明而舉例而已，本發明所主張之權利範圍自應以申請專利範圍所述為準，而非僅限於上述實施例。 The above-mentioned embodiments are merely examples for convenience of description, and the scope of the claims is intended to be limited to the above embodiments.
1‧‧‧具精細紋路之陶瓷模具 1‧‧‧ceramic mould with fine grain
2‧‧‧陶瓷模層 2‧‧‧ceramic mold layer
21‧‧‧模內面 21‧‧‧Inside
22‧‧‧模外面 22‧‧‧ outside the mold
FP‧‧‧精細紋路 FP‧‧‧Fine lines
3‧‧‧補充模層 3‧‧‧Additional moulding
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| TW105136195A TWI606908B (en) | 2016-11-08 | 2016-11-08 | Fine-grained ceramic mold, method for producing the ceramic mold, and method for producing ceramics using the ceramic mold |
| CN201711083115.1A CN108115808B (en) | 2016-11-08 | 2017-11-07 | Ceramic mold with fine grains, manufacturing method thereof and method for producing ceramic piece by using ceramic mold |
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| CN109278154A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-01-29 | 深圳大学 | 3D printing clay solid brick rapid shaping control method |
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| TW200932701A (en) * | 2008-01-17 | 2009-08-01 | Kuo-Chin Lo | Unleaded low temperature co-firing electric ceramic composition of matter and ceramic product of method |
| TW201040003A (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2010-11-16 | Solar Applied Mat Tech Corp | Mold for slip casting, method of using the same, and green and ITO target made thereby |
| CN104402446A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-03-11 | 中航复合材料有限责任公司 | Method for preparing porous silicon carbide ceramic |
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| TWI548610B (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2016-09-11 | Ceramic lock attachment made of three - dimensional laminated and its manufacturing method | |
| KR101538380B1 (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-07-22 | 주식회사 신한세라믹 | Syringe ceramic-filter and manufacturing method of thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TW200932701A (en) * | 2008-01-17 | 2009-08-01 | Kuo-Chin Lo | Unleaded low temperature co-firing electric ceramic composition of matter and ceramic product of method |
| TW201040003A (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2010-11-16 | Solar Applied Mat Tech Corp | Mold for slip casting, method of using the same, and green and ITO target made thereby |
| CN104402446A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-03-11 | 中航复合材料有限责任公司 | Method for preparing porous silicon carbide ceramic |
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| TW201817568A (en) | 2018-05-16 |
| CN108115808A (en) | 2018-06-05 |
| CN108115808B (en) | 2020-06-09 |
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