TWI589544B - Controlled low strength material containing desulphurization gypsum - Google Patents

Controlled low strength material containing desulphurization gypsum Download PDF

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TWI589544B
TWI589544B TW105106358A TW105106358A TWI589544B TW I589544 B TWI589544 B TW I589544B TW 105106358 A TW105106358 A TW 105106358A TW 105106358 A TW105106358 A TW 105106358A TW I589544 B TWI589544 B TW I589544B
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strength
material containing
controlled low
backfill material
gypsum
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TW105106358A
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Chinese (zh)
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TW201808856A (en
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楊其偉
郭子豪
吳俊志
鍾俊宏
林宏明
李德河
吳建宏
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中國鋼鐵股份有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
    • C04B28/142—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements
    • C04B28/144—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements the synthetic calcium sulfate being a flue gas desulfurization product
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00663—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filling material for cavities or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00724—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 in mining operations, e.g. for backfilling; in making tunnels or galleries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Description

含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料 Controlled low strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum

本發明係有關一種控制性低強度回填材料，特別是提供一種含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料。 The present invention relates to a controlled low strength backfill material, and more particularly to a controlled low strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum.

於習知之煉鋼過程中，其會產出脫硫石膏等副產物。依據製程條件之差異，脫硫石膏具有不同含量之結晶水，而使得脫硫石膏可為二水脫硫石膏、半水脫硫石膏或無水脫硫石膏等。其中，由於組成之影響，二水脫硫石膏及無水脫硫石膏常被作為水泥之緩凝劑及石膏板的原料，而具有極佳之再利用性。 In the process of steelmaking, it produces by-products such as desulfurized gypsum. According to the difference of the process conditions, the desulfurized gypsum has different amounts of crystal water, and the desulfurization gypsum may be dihydrate desulfurization gypsum, semi-water desulfurization gypsum or anhydrous desulfurization gypsum. Among them, due to the influence of composition, dihydrate desulfurization gypsum and anhydrous desulfurization gypsum are often used as a retarder for cement and a raw material for gypsum board, and have excellent recyclability.

然而，於前述之煉鋼製程中，為了降低SOx的排放量，大量之氫氧化鈣須噴入轉爐中，而使得所產生之脫硫石膏形成半水脫硫石膏。 However, in the manufacturing process of the steel, to reduce emissions of SO x, a large amount of calcium hydroxide to be injected into the kiln, such that the formation of gypsum as hemihydrate gypsum produced.

請參照圖1a、圖1b、圖2a及圖2b，其係分別繪示依照本發明之一實施例及另一實施例之半水脫硫石膏於低溫(250℃)或高溫(1000℃)之熱差分析圖譜。其中，曲線101a代表本發明之一實施例之半水脫硫石膏於低溫(250 ℃)之重量損失率，且曲線103a代表此半水脫硫石膏於低溫(250℃)之熱量損失；曲線101b代表本發明之另一實施例之半水脫硫石膏於低溫(250℃)之重量損失率，且曲線103b代表此半水脫硫石膏於低溫(250℃)之熱量損失；曲線201a代表本發明之一實施例之半水脫硫石膏於高溫(1000℃)之重量損失率，且曲線203a代表此半水脫硫石膏於高溫(1000℃)之熱量損失；曲線201b代表本發明之另一實施例之半水脫硫石膏於高溫(1000℃)之重量損失率，且曲線203b代表此半水脫硫石膏於高溫(1000℃)之熱量損失。 Please refer to FIG. 1a, FIG. 1b, FIG. 2a and FIG. 2b, which respectively illustrate semi-water desulfurization gypsum at low temperature (250 ° C) or high temperature (1000 ° C) according to an embodiment of the present invention and another embodiment. Thermal analysis map. Wherein, curve 101a represents a semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum according to an embodiment of the present invention at a low temperature (250) °C) weight loss rate, and curve 103a represents the heat loss of the semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum at low temperature (250 ° C); curve 101b represents the semi-water desulfurization gypsum of another embodiment of the invention at low temperature (250 ° C) The weight loss rate, and the curve 103b represents the heat loss of the semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum at a low temperature (250 ° C); the curve 201a represents the weight loss rate of the semi-water desulfurization gypsum according to an embodiment of the present invention at a high temperature (1000 ° C), And the curve 203a represents the heat loss of the semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum at a high temperature (1000 ° C); the curve 201b represents the weight loss rate of the semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum at a high temperature (1000 ° C) according to another embodiment of the present invention, and the curve 203b Represents the heat loss of this semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum at high temperature (1000 ° C).

依據圖1a及圖1b所繪示之內容可知，半水脫硫石膏於低溫下具有約175℃之吸熱峰。依據文獻資料可知，此吸熱峰應為β相半水脫硫石膏脫水所造成之吸熱峰，且其反應式如下所示：β-CaSO4‧0.5H2OCaSO4+0.5H2O According to the contents shown in FIG. 1a and FIG. 1b, the semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum has an endothermic peak of about 175 ° C at a low temperature. According to the literature, this endothermic peak should be the endothermic peak caused by dehydration of β-phase semi-water desulfurization gypsum, and its reaction formula is as follows: β-CaSO 4 ‧0.5H 2 O CaSO 4 +0.5H 2 O

依據圖2a及圖2b所繪示之內容可知，半水脫硫石膏於高溫時具有約175℃、310℃、450℃、588℃至600℃、788℃及855℃至892℃等吸熱峰。依據文獻資料可知，此吸熱峰分別應為下示之反應式所產生：175℃：β-CaSO4‧0.5H2OCaSO4+0.5H2O According to the content illustrated in FIG. 2a and FIG. 2b, the semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum has an endothermic peak at about 175 ° C, 310 ° C, 450 ° C, 588 ° C to 600 ° C, 788 ° C, and 855 ° C to 892 ° C at high temperature. According to the literature, this endothermic peak should be generated by the reaction formula shown below: 175 ° C: β-CaSO 4 ‧0.5H 2 O CaSO 4 +0.5H 2 O

310℃：α-CaSO3‧0.5H2Oα-CaSO3+0.5H2O 310 ° C: α-CaSO 3 ‧0.5H 2 O α-CaSO 3 +0.5H 2 O

450℃：Ca(OH)2 CaO+H2O 450 ° C: Ca(OH) 2 CaO+H 2 O

588℃至600℃：4CaSO3 3CaSO4+CaS 588 ° C to 600 ° C: 4CaSO 3 3CaSO 4 +CaS

788℃：CaCO3 CaO+CO2↑ 788 ° C: CaCO 3 CaO+CO 2 ↑

855℃至892℃：3CaSO4+CaS4CaO+4SO2↑ 855 ° C to 892 ° C: 3CaSO 4 + CaS 4CaO+4SO 2 ↑

依據前述之熱差分析圖譜，煉鋼製程所產出之半水脫硫石膏的組成較複雜，因此降低所製得半水脫硫石膏之再利用性。 According to the aforementioned thermal difference analysis map, the composition of the semi-water desulfurization gypsum produced by the steelmaking process is complicated, thereby reducing the reusability of the semi-water desulfurized gypsum produced.

有鑑於此，為了降少煉鋼製程之廢棄物，亟須提供一種含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料，以提升半水脫硫石膏之再利用性。 In view of this, in order to reduce the waste of the steelmaking process, it is not necessary to provide a controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum to enhance the reutilization of the semi-water desulfurization gypsum.

因此，本發明之一態樣是在提供一種含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料，藉由添加半水脫硫石膏以再利用廢棄資源，並滿足控制性低強度回填材料之需求。 Accordingly, one aspect of the present invention is to provide a controlled low strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum by adding semi-water desulfurized gypsum to reuse waste resources and meeting the demand for controlled low strength backfill materials.

根據本發明之一態樣，提出一種含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料。此含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料包含水泥、細骨材、添加劑及水，且此細骨材包含半水脫硫石膏。其中，含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料不包含二水脫硫石膏及爐石粉。基於細骨材之總使用量為100重量份，此半水脫硫石膏之使用量係10重量份至50重量份。 According to one aspect of the invention, a controlled low strength backfill material comprising desulfurized gypsum is proposed. The controlled low strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum comprises cement, fine aggregate, additives and water, and the fine aggregate comprises semi-water desulfurized gypsum. Among them, the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum does not contain dihydrate desulfurization gypsum and furnace stone powder. The semi-aqueous desulfurized gypsum is used in an amount of 10 parts by weight to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the fine aggregate.

依據本發明之一實施例，前述之半水脫硫石膏不包含砷、汞、鉻或銅。 According to an embodiment of the invention, the aforementioned semi-aqueous desulfurized gypsum does not comprise arsenic, mercury, chromium or copper.

依據本發明之另一實施例，前述之添加劑包含早強劑或分散劑。 According to another embodiment of the invention, the aforementioned additive comprises an early strength agent or a dispersant.

依據本發明之又一實施例，前述含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料之坍流度為45公分至50公分。 According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the controlled low-intensity backfill material containing the desulfurized gypsum has a turbulence of 45 cm to 50 cm.

依據本發明之再一實施例，前述含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料之灰土比為0.094至0.221。 According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the aforementioned low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum has a lime-to-earth ratio of from 0.094 to 0.221.

依據本發明之又另一實施例，前述之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料經28天齡期之無圍抗壓強度不超過84.37kgf/cm2。 According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the controlless low-strength backfill material containing the desulfurized gypsum has a non-permanent compressive strength of not more than 84.37 kgf/cm 2 at 28 days of age.

應用本發明之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料，其藉由添加半水脫硫石膏，以回收再利用煉鋼製程所生成之廢棄資源，並滿足控制性低強度回填材料之規格要求。 The control low-intensity backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum of the invention is applied by adding semi-water desulfurization gypsum to recover waste resources generated by reusing the steelmaking process and satisfying the specifications of the controlled low-strength backfill material .

101a、101b、103a、103b、201a、203a、201b及203b‧‧‧曲線 101a, 101b, 103a, 103b, 201a, 203a, 201b and 203b‧‧‧ curves

311、312、313、314、315、316、321、322、323、324、325、326、331、332、333、334、335、336、511、513、515、521、523及525‧‧‧折線 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 511, 513, 515, 521, 523 and 525 ‧ Polyline

401、402、403、404、405及406‧‧‧趨勢線 401, 402, 403, 404, 405 and 406‧‧ trend lines

為了對本發明之實施例及其優點有更完整之理解，現請參照以下之說明並配合相應之圖式。必須強調的是，各種特徵並非依比例描繪且僅係為了圖解目的。相關圖式內容說明如下：〔圖1a〕係繪示依照本發明之一實施例之半水脫硫石膏於低溫(250℃)之熱差分析圖譜。 For a more complete understanding of the embodiments of the invention and the advantages thereof, reference should be made to the description below and the accompanying drawings. It must be emphasized that the various features are not drawn to scale and are for illustrative purposes only. The related drawings are described as follows: [Fig. 1a] shows a thermal difference analysis map of semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum at a low temperature (250 ° C) according to an embodiment of the present invention.

〔圖1b〕係繪示依照本發明之另一實施例之半水脫硫石膏於低溫(250℃)之熱差分析圖譜。 [Fig. 1b] is a graph showing the thermal difference analysis of a semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum at a low temperature (250 ° C) according to another embodiment of the present invention.

〔圖2a〕係繪示依照本發明之一實施例之半水脫硫石膏於高溫(1000℃)之熱差分析圖譜。 [Fig. 2a] is a thermogram analysis diagram of a semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum at a high temperature (1000 ° C) according to an embodiment of the present invention.

〔圖2b〕係繪示依照本發明之另一實施例之半水脫硫石膏於高溫(1000℃)之熱差分析圖譜。 [Fig. 2b] is a graph showing the thermal difference analysis of the semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum at a high temperature (1000 ° C) according to another embodiment of the present invention.

〔圖3a〕係繪示依照本發明之實施例1-1至實施例1-2及比較例1-1至比較例1-3之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料於空氣或水中，經7天、14天及28天之齡期的抗壓強度之折線圖。 [Fig. 3a] shows a controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum in air or water according to Examples 1-1 to 1-2 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-3. A line graph of compressive strength over the age of 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days.

〔圖3b〕係繪示依照本發明之實施例2-1至實施例2-2及比較例2-1至比較例2-3之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料於空氣或水中，經7天、14天及28天之齡期的抗壓強度之折線圖。 [Fig. 3b] shows a controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum in air or water according to Example 2-1 to Example 2-2 and Comparative Example 2-1 to Comparative Example 2-3 of the present invention. A line graph of compressive strength over the age of 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days.

〔圖3c〕係繪示依照本發明之實施例3-1至實施例3-2及比較例3-1至比較例3-3之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料於空氣或水中，經7天、14天及28天之齡期的抗壓強度之折線圖。 [Fig. 3c] shows a controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum in air or water according to Example 3-1 to Example 3-2 and Comparative Example 3-1 to Comparative Example 3-3 of the present invention. A line graph of compressive strength over the age of 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days.

〔圖4〕係繪示依照本發明之一實施例的含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料包含不同使用量之早強劑時，經不同之齡期後，依據ASTM之C403-08的標準檢測方法所測得之貫入抵抗壓力的曲線圖。 [Fig. 4] is a diagram showing a controlled low-intensity backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum containing different amounts of early strength agent according to an embodiment of the present invention, after different ages, according to ASTM C403-08 A graph of the penetration resistance pressure measured by the standard test method.

〔圖5a〕及〔圖5b〕分別係繪示依照本發明之實施例4之回脹試驗的量測區域BH2及BH4經不同齡期的變形量之折線圖。 [Fig. 5a] and [Fig. 5b] are respectively line graphs showing the deformation amounts of the measurement areas BH2 and BH4 of the re-expansion test according to the embodiment 4 of the present invention at different ages.

以下仔細討論本發明實施例之製造和使用。然而，可以理解的是，實施例提供許多可應用的發明概念，其 可實施於各式各樣的特定內容中。所討論之特定實施例僅供說明，並非用以限定本發明之範圍。 The making and using of the embodiments of the invention are discussed in detail below. However, it will be appreciated that embodiments provide many applicable inventive concepts, Can be implemented in a wide variety of specific content. The specific embodiments discussed are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

本發明所稱之「控制性低強度回填材料」(Controlled Low Strength Materials；CLSM)係指具有良好之流動性、自壓實性(Self-compacting)及自平性(Self-leveling)等特性。依據美國混凝土協會(American Concrete Institute；ACI)之定義，CLSM定義為可自我充填之膠結性材料。 The term "Controlled Low Strength Materials" (CLSM) as used in the present invention means having good fluidity, self-compacting, and self-leveling properties. According to the American Concrete Institute (ACI), CLSM is defined as a self-filling cementitious material.

一般而言，廣義之CLSM可包含具有可流動性之回填料、具有不可收縮性的可控制式低密度回填料、具有可流動性之漿體、具有可塑性之泥土水泥質材料或泥土水泥質泥漿等。 In general, a generalized CLSM may comprise a flowable backfill, a controllable low density backfill with non-shrinkability, a flowable slurry, a malleable clay cement material or a clay cement slurry. Wait.

一般CLSM係使用於再開挖回填區工程，且多使用於管溝回填工法中，以利用其塑性階段之良好流動性及自充填性，有效取代傳統之回填夯實材料，並避免習知未確實夯實，而造成舖設面沉陷之缺陷。 The general CLSM system is used in the re-excavation and backfilling project, and is often used in the trench backfilling method to effectively replace the traditional backfilling and compacting materials by utilizing the good fluidity and self-filling property of the plastic phase, and avoiding the fact that it is not actually compacted. , causing the defects of the sinking surface.

CLSM可由水泥、無機礦物摻料、粒料及水依據設定比例拌和而成，且可分為制式CLSM及非制式CLSM。制式CLSM可由水、水泥、砂及石所組成，且非制式CLSM可由水、水泥及現場開挖土石方或再生粒料所組成。依據CLSM之生命週期，CLSM具有高流動性、可塑性、低收縮性、低密度、低強度、開挖性、生態性及經濟性等特性。其中，由於CLSM之組織鬆散，致密度不足，故CLSM 具有低密度及低強度等特性，而具有再開挖特性，進而增進地下室空間之開發及建築。 CLSM can be made by mixing cement, inorganic mineral admixture, pellets and water according to a set ratio, and can be divided into standard CLSM and non-standard CLSM. The standard CLSM can be composed of water, cement, sand and stone, and the non-standard CLSM can be composed of water, cement and on-site excavation earthwork or recycled pellets. According to the life cycle of CLSM, CLSM has high fluidity, plasticity, low shrinkage, low density, low strength, excavation, ecological and economical characteristics. Among them, due to the loose organization of CLSM, the density is insufficient, so CLSM It has the characteristics of low density and low strength, and has the characteristics of re-excavation, thereby enhancing the development and construction of the basement space.

本發明所稱之「脫硫石膏」係指半水脫硫石膏但不包含二水脫硫石膏及無水脫硫石膏。 The term "desulfurization gypsum" as used in the present invention means semi-water desulfurization gypsum but does not contain dihydrate desulfurization gypsum and anhydrous desulfurization gypsum.

本發明所稱之「灰土比」係指水泥之重量和所有乾料(即細骨材)之重量的比值，且「無圍抗壓強度」係代表依據中華民國國家標準(Chinese National Standards；CNS)第1232號之標準檢測方法所量測之單軸抗壓強度。其次，本發明所稱之「回脹率」係指經過42天後，所鋪設之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料的變形量與鋪設厚度之百分比值。 The term "ash-to-earth ratio" as used in the present invention refers to the ratio of the weight of cement to the weight of all dry materials (ie, fine aggregates), and the "non-compressive strength" is based on the National Standards of the Republic of China (CNS). The uniaxial compressive strength measured by the standard test method No. 1232. Secondly, the term "recoveriness ratio" as used in the present invention means the percentage of the deformation amount and the lay thickness of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum after 42 days.

根據本發明之一實施例，提出一種含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料。此CLSM包含水泥、細骨材、添加劑及水。其中，此含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料可不包含二水脫硫石膏或爐石粉等。在一實施例中，本發明之含有脫硫石膏的控制性低強度回填材料可不包含卜作嵐(Pozzolanic)材料。 According to one embodiment of the invention, a controlled low strength backfill material comprising desulfurized gypsum is provided. This CLSM contains cement, fine aggregates, additives and water. Wherein, the controlled low-strength backfill material containing the desulfurized gypsum may not contain dihydrate desulfurization gypsum or hearth powder. In one embodiment, the controlled low strength backfill material of the present invention containing desulfurized gypsum may not comprise a Pozzolanic material.

前述之水泥可包含但不限於熟料、卜特蘭I型水泥、卜特蘭II型水泥、卜特蘭III型水泥、特種水泥、其他適當之水泥或上述材料之任意混合。在一實施例中，本發明之水泥不包含具有爐石粉及/或飛灰之混合水泥。 The foregoing cement may include, but is not limited to, clinker, Putlan type I cement, Portland crude type II cement, Portland crude type cement, special cement, other suitable cement or any combination of the foregoing. In one embodiment, the cement of the present invention does not comprise a mixed cement having whetstone and/or fly ash.

特種水泥係指具有特殊性能的水泥和用於特定工程領域之專用水泥，且特種水泥可包含但不限於快硬水泥、低熱和中熱水泥、油井水泥、膨脹水泥、耐火水泥、白 色水泥、彩色水泥、防輻射水泥、抗菌水泥、防藻水泥、其他適當之特種水泥或上述材料之任意混合。 Special cement refers to cement with special properties and special cement for specific engineering fields, and special cement can include but is not limited to fast hard cement, low heat and medium heat cement, oil well cement, expanded cement, refractory cement, white Color cement, colored cement, radiation-proof cement, antibacterial cement, anti-algae cement, other suitable special cement or any combination of the above materials.

前述之細骨材可包含半水脫硫石膏、砂、煤灰、其他適當之細骨材或上述材料之任意混合。當本發明之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料包含細骨材時，所製得之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料可具有較高之強度。 The aforementioned fine aggregate may comprise semi-aqueous desulfurized gypsum, sand, coal ash, other suitable fine aggregates or any mixture of the above materials. When the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum of the present invention comprises fine aggregates, the controlled low-intensity backfill material containing the desulfurized gypsum can have a higher strength.

所添加之細骨材係均勻分散於水泥中，故藉由水泥之黏結性能，細骨材可被黏結在一起，而提升含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料之強度。 The added fine aggregate is uniformly dispersed in the cement, so that the fine aggregate can be bonded together by the cement bonding property, and the strength of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing the desulfurized gypsum is enhanced.

本發明之半水脫硫石膏較佳來自於煉鋼製程的副產物，且此半水脫硫石膏不包含砷、汞、鉻或銅等重金屬離子成分，故此半水脫硫石膏不會有污染環境之疑慮。 The semi-water desulfurization gypsum of the invention is preferably from a by-product of the steelmaking process, and the semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum does not contain heavy metal ion components such as arsenic, mercury, chromium or copper, so the semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum will not be polluted. Environmental concerns.

若半水脫硫石膏來自於石化製程之副產物時，由於此半水脫硫石膏包含較多之重金屬化合物，故當所製得之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料鋪設於道路時，其中之重金屬化合物會擴散至土壤中，而對環境造成重金屬污染。 If the semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum is from a by-product of the petrochemical process, since the semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum contains more heavy metal compounds, when the controlled low-strength backfill material containing the desulfurized gypsum is laid on the road Among them, heavy metal compounds will diffuse into the soil and cause heavy metal pollution to the environment.

當本發明之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料包含半水脫硫石膏時，半水脫硫石膏可降低細骨材中其他成分之使用量，而可降低含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料之製程成本，且可提升半水脫硫石膏之再利用性，進而達到減少廢棄物之功效。 When the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum of the present invention comprises semi-water desulfurization gypsum, the semi-water desulfurization gypsum can reduce the use amount of other components in the fine aggregate, and can reduce the controllability of the desulfurized gypsum. The process cost of the low-strength backfill material can improve the re-use of the semi-water desulfurization gypsum, thereby reducing the waste effect.

基於細骨材之總使用量為100重量份，半水脫硫石膏之使用量係10重量份至50重量份，較佳可10重量份至30重量份，且更佳可為20重量份至30重量份。 The semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum is used in an amount of 10 parts by weight to 50 parts by weight, preferably 10 parts by weight to 30 parts by weight, and more preferably 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the fine aggregate. 30 parts by weight.

若半水脫硫石膏之使用量小於10重量份時，所製得之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料具有較差之長期抗壓強度。若半水脫硫石膏之使用量大於50重量份時，所製得含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料之長期抗壓強度較差，而無法滿足工程上之需求。 If the semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum is used in an amount of less than 10 parts by weight, the controlled low-intensity backfill material containing the desulfurized gypsum has a poor long-term compressive strength. If the semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum is used in an amount of more than 50 parts by weight, the long-term compressive strength of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing the desulfurized gypsum is inferior and cannot meet the engineering requirements.

當半水脫硫石膏與前述之水泥混拌時，由於半水脫硫石膏之粒徑約小於200號篩(約75μm)，故半水脫硫石膏容易形成顆粒黏結之情況，而降低混拌之均勻性。據此，半水脫硫石膏與水泥須先進行乾料混拌，以提升半水脫硫石膏於水泥中之分散性，並形成乾料混拌物。然後，此乾料混拌物再加入水，以形成含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料。 When the semi-water desulfurization gypsum is mixed with the aforementioned cement, since the particle size of the semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum is less than about 200 mesh (about 75 μm), the semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum easily forms a particle bonding condition, and the mixing is lowered. Uniformity. Accordingly, the semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum and the cement must first be mixed with dry materials to enhance the dispersibility of the semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum in the cement and form a dry mixed mixture. The dry mix is then added to water to form a controlled low strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum.

前述之添加劑可包含早強劑、分散劑、其他適當之添加劑或上述添加劑之任意混合，以滿足各種工程應用之需求。 The foregoing additives may comprise early strength agents, dispersants, other suitable additives or any combination of the above additives to meet the needs of various engineering applications.

早強劑可提升含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料之早期強度，而使得所鋪設之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料的早期強度滿足工程之需求。 The early strength agent can improve the early strength of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing the desulfurized gypsum, so that the early strength of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing the desulfurized gypsum can meet the engineering requirements.

當前述之半水脫硫石膏未先與水泥混合形成乾料混拌物時，為了避免半水脫硫石膏產生顆粒黏結之情形，添加劑可包含分散劑，以使半水脫硫石膏無須先與水泥混 合，即可製得分散性良好之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料。 When the aforementioned semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum is not first mixed with cement to form a dry material mixture, in order to avoid the occurrence of particle adhesion of the semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum, the additive may contain a dispersing agent, so that the semi-water desulfurization gypsum does not need to be first Cement mixing In combination, a controlled low-intensity backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum with good dispersibility can be obtained.

基於前述水泥及細骨材之總使用量為100重量份，添加劑之使用量可為1.0重量份至2.0重量份，較佳為1.0重量份至1.5重量份。 The additive may be used in an amount of from 1.0 part by weight to 2.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the cement and the fine aggregate, and preferably from 1.0 part by weight to 1.5 parts by weight.

水係用以混合攪拌前述之水泥、細骨材及添加劑。其中，基於水泥之使用量為100重量份，水之使用量可為140重量份至300重量份，較佳為140重量份至200重量份。 The water system is used to mix and stir the aforementioned cement, fine aggregate and additives. Among them, the amount of water used may be from 140 parts by weight to 300 parts by weight, preferably from 140 parts by weight to 200 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the cement.

若水之使用量小於140重量份時，含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料中之各成份無法均勻混合，而降低其強度，進而無法滿足工程所設計之強度。若水之使用量大於300重量份時，過多之水會稀釋水泥、細骨材及添加劑等之有效濃度，而使得所形成含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料的濃度過稀，進而無法達成水泥黏結之功效。 If the amount of water used is less than 140 parts by weight, the components of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum cannot be uniformly mixed, and the strength thereof is lowered, so that the strength designed by the engineering cannot be satisfied. If the amount of water used is more than 300 parts by weight, excessive water will dilute the effective concentration of cement, fine aggregates and additives, and the concentration of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum will be too thin to be achieved. The effect of cement bonding.

在一實施例中，本發明所製得之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料較佳不包含二水脫硫石膏及爐石粉。 In one embodiment, the controlled low strength backfill material containing the desulfurized gypsum produced by the present invention preferably does not comprise dihydrate desulfurization gypsum and furnace stone powder.

當含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料包含二水脫硫石膏時，二水脫硫石膏會縮短含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料之凝結時間，而使得含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料於澆置過程產生快速凝結之現象，進而影響含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料之初凝時間及坍 流度，因此限縮所製得含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料之應用範圍。 When the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum comprises dihydrate desulfurized gypsum, the dihydrate desulfurization gypsum shortens the setting time of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum, and the control of containing desulfurized gypsum The low-strength backfill material produces rapid condensation during the casting process, which in turn affects the initial setting time and flaw of the controlled low-intensity backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum. The fluidity, and thus the shrinkage, results in a controlled low-intensity backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum.

在另一具體例中，本發明所製得之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料經28天齡期之無圍抗壓強度不超過84.37kgf/cm2。 In another embodiment, the controlled low-strength backfill material containing the desulfurized gypsum prepared by the present invention has a non-compressive compressive strength of not more than 84.37 kgf/cm 2 at 28 days of age.

在又一具體例中，基於施工之需求，本發明之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料之灰土比可為0.094至0.221，且其坍流度可為45公分至50公分，以滿足不同之設計強度。 In another embodiment, the controlled low-intensity backfill material containing the desulfurized gypsum of the present invention may have a lime-to-earth ratio of 0.094 to 0.221 and a turbulence of 45 cm to 50 cm to meet the needs of the construction. Different design strengths.

以下利用實施例以說明本發明之應用，然其並非用以限定本發明，任何熟習此技藝者，在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內，當可作各種之更動與潤飾。 The following examples are used to illustrate the application of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and refinements can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

製備含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料Preparation of controlled low strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum 實施例1-1Example 1-1

實施例1-1之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料的設計強度為10kgf/cm2，並調整其灰土比為0.094。 The design strength of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum of Example 1-1 was 10 kgf/cm 2 and the ratio of lime to soil was adjusted to 0.094.

首先，乾拌混合100公斤之水泥、742公斤之砂及318公斤之半水脫硫石膏(亦即基於細骨材之總使用量為100重量份，半水脫硫石膏之使用量為30重量份)，並加入300公斤之水，以使其坍流度為45公分。 First, dry mix 100 kg of cement, 742 kg of sand and 318 kg of semi-water desulfurized gypsum (that is, the total amount of fine aggregate based on 100 parts by weight, and the semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum used is 30 weights. ()), and add 300 kg of water to make it turbulence of 45 cm.

均勻混合後，即可製得實施例1-1之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料，並量測實施例1-1之含有脫硫 石膏之控制性低強度回填材料經不同齡期的無圍抗壓強度，其結果如圖3a所示。 After uniformly mixing, a controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum of Example 1-1 can be obtained, and the desulfurization of Example 1-1 is measured. The controlled low-strength backfill material of gypsum has no surrounding compressive strength at different ages, and the results are shown in Figure 3a.

實施例1-2及比較例1-1至比較例1-3Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-1 to Comparative Example 1-3

實施例1-2及比較例1-1至比較例1-3係使用與實施例1-1之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料的製作方法相同之製備方法，不同之處在於實施例1-2及比較例1-1至比較例1-3係改變半水脫硫石膏於細骨材中之含量，其中實施例1-2及比較例1-1至比較例1-3之細骨材的組成如第1表所示，並分別量測實施例1-2及比較例1-1至比較例1-3之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料經不同齡期的無圍抗壓強度，其結果如圖3a所示。 Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-1 to Comparative Example 1-3 were prepared in the same manner as in the production method of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum of Example 1-1 except that the implementation was carried out. Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-1 to Comparative Example 1-3 were used to change the content of the semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum in the fine aggregate, wherein Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-1 to Comparative Example 1-3 The composition of the fine aggregate was as shown in Table 1, and the controlled low-strength backfill materials containing desulfurized gypsum of Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-1 to Comparative Example 1-3 were respectively measured at different ages. There is no surrounding compressive strength, and the result is shown in Figure 3a.

實施例2-1至實施例2-2及比較例2-1至比較例2-3Example 2-1 to Example 2-2 and Comparative Example 2-1 to Comparative Example 2-3

實施例2-1至實施例2-2及比較例2-1至比較例2-3分別係使用與實施例1-1之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料的製作方法相同之製備方法，不同之處在於實施例2-1至實施例2-2及比較例2-1至比較例2-3之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料的設計強度為30kgf/cm2且灰土比為0.146，並調整半水脫硫石膏於細骨材中之含量。其中，實施例2-1至實施例2-2及比較例2-1至比較例2-3之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料的水泥含量及細骨材組成如第1表所示，並分別量測實施例2-1至實施例2-2及比較例2-1至比較例2-3之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料經不同齡期的無圍抗壓強度，其結果如圖3b所示。 Each of Example 2-1 to Example 2-2 and Comparative Example 2-1 to Comparative Example 2-3 was prepared in the same manner as in the production method of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum of Example 1-1. The method differs in that the design strength of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum of Example 2-1 to Example 2-2 and Comparative Example 2-1 to Comparative Example 2-3 is 30 kgf/cm 2 and The ratio of lime to soil is 0.146, and the content of semi-water desulfurization gypsum in fine aggregate is adjusted. The cement content and fine aggregate composition of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum of Example 2-1 to Example 2-2 and Comparative Example 2-1 to Comparative Example 2-3 are as shown in Table 1. The controlled low-intensity backfill materials containing desulfurized gypsum of Examples 2-1 to 2-2 and Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-3 were measured for non-periphery compression at different ages. The strength, the result is shown in Figure 3b.

實施例3-1至實施例3-2及比較例3-1至比較例3-3Example 3-1 to Example 3-2 and Comparative Example 3-1 to Comparative Example 3-3

實施例3-1至實施例3-2及比較例3-1至比較例3-3分別係使用與實施例1-1之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料的製作方法相同之製備方法，不同之處在於實施例3-1至實施例3-2及比較例3-1至比較例3-3之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料的設計強度為50kgf/cm2且灰土比為0.221，並調整半水脫硫石膏於細骨材中之含量。其中，實施例3-1至實施例3-2及比較例3-1至比較例3-3之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料的水泥含量及細骨材組成如第1表所示，並分別量測實施例3-1至實施例3-2及比較例3-1至比較例3-3之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料經不同齡期的無圍抗壓強度，其結果如圖3c所示。 Examples 3-1 to 3-2 and Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-3 were prepared in the same manner as in the production method of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum of Example 1-1. The method differs in that the design strength of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum of Example 3-1 to Example 3-2 and Comparative Example 3-1 to Comparative Example 3-3 is 50 kgf/cm 2 and The ratio of lime to soil is 0.221, and the content of semi-water desulfurization gypsum in fine aggregate is adjusted. The cement content and the fine aggregate composition of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum of Example 3-1 to Example 3-2 and Comparative Example 3-1 to Comparative Example 3-3 are as shown in Table 1. The measured low-intensity backfill materials containing desulfurized gypsum of Examples 3-1 to 3-2 and Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-3 were measured for non-periphery compression at different ages. The strength, the result is shown in Figure 3c.

實施例4Example 4

實施例4之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料的設計強度為50kgf/cm2，並調整其灰土比為0.221。 The design strength of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum of Example 4 was 50 kgf/cm 2 and the ratio of lime to soil was adjusted to 0.221.

其次，依據美國材料和試驗協會(American Socie ty for Testing and Materials；ASTM)之C403-08的標準檢測方法，添加早強劑至含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料中，以滿足澆置完成後之6小時內，貫入抵抗壓力試驗需不小於400psi(約為28.12kgf/cm2)之要求。 Secondly, according to the standard test method of C403-08 of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), the early strengthening agent is added to the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum to meet the pouring. Within 6 hours of completion, the penetration resistance test requires no less than 400 psi (approximately 28.12 kgf/cm 2 ).

首先，乾拌混合100公斤之水泥、317公斤之砂、136公斤之半水脫硫石膏(即基於細骨材之總使用量為100重量份，半水脫硫石膏之使用量為30重量份)及8.3公斤之早強劑(亦即基於水泥及細骨材之總使用量為100重量 份，早強劑之使用量為1.5重量份，其中早強劑之設計添加量請參照圖4)，並加入140公斤之水，以使其坍流度為45公分，即可製得實施例4之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料的拌合料。 First, dry mix 100 kg of cement, 317 kg of sand, 136 kg of semi-water desulfurized gypsum (that is, the total amount of use based on fine aggregate is 100 parts by weight, and the amount of semi-aqueous desulfurized gypsum used is 30 parts by weight. ) and 8.3 kg of early strength agent (that is, based on the total weight of cement and fine aggregates is 100 weight) For the portion, the amount of the early strength agent is 1.5 parts by weight, and the design addition amount of the early strength agent is as shown in Fig. 4), and 140 kg of water is added to make the turbulence degree 45 cm, and the embodiment can be prepared. 4 A mixture of controlled low strength backfill materials containing desulfurized gypsum.

接著，直接對取樣，以製作數個直徑為10公分且高度為20公分之抗壓試體，並將其餘之拌合料鋪設於現地。其中，現地鋪設之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料的厚度為30公分。 Next, the samples were directly taken to prepare a plurality of compressive specimens having a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 20 cm, and the remaining mixture was laid in the field. Among them, the thickness of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum laid on the spot is 30 cm.

然後，分別測試抗壓試體經1天、3天、7天、14天及28天齡期之無圍抗壓強度，且其測試結果分別如第2表所示，在此不另贅述。 Then, the non-peripheral compressive strength of the anti-stress test body at 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days old was respectively tested, and the test results are shown in Table 2, respectively, and will not be further described herein.

鋪設於現地之拌合料經28天齡期後，利用鑽心機具直接在現地鑽取直徑為5公分且高度為10公分之現地抗壓試體，並測試其無圍抗壓強度。其測試結果如第2表所示，在此不另贅述。 After the 28-day-old mixture was placed on the ground, the local anti-pressure test piece with a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 10 cm was directly drilled in the field using a core tool and tested for its non-compressive strength. The test results are shown in Table 2, and are not described here.

此外，對現地鋪設之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料進行回脹試驗，並分別記錄4個量測區域(分別為BH1、BH2、BH3及BH4)經14天、28天及42天之變形量，其結果如第3表所示，在此不另贅述。 In addition, the back-expansion test was carried out on the controlled low-intensity backfill materials containing desulfurized gypsum, and four measurement areas (BH1, BH2, BH3 and BH4, respectively) were recorded for 14 days, 28 days and 42 days. The amount of deformation is shown in Table 3, and will not be further described herein.

請參照圖3a至圖3c，其係分別繪示前述之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料於空氣或水中，經7天、14天及28天之齡期的抗壓強度。圖3a係繪示實施例1-1至實施例1-2及比較例1-1至比較例1-3所製得之含有脫硫石膏 之控制性低強度回填材料的折線圖，圖3b係繪示實施例2-1至實施例1-2及比較例1-1至比較例1-3所製得之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料的折線圖，且圖3c係繪示實施例3-1至實施例3-2及比較例3-1至比較例3-3所製得之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料的折線圖。於圖3a至圖3c中，橫軸代表半水脫硫石膏於細骨材中之含量，其單位為百分比，且縱軸代表含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料之抗壓強度，其單位為kgf/cm2。 Please refer to FIG. 3a to FIG. 3c, which respectively show the compressive strength of the aforementioned controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum in air or water for 7 days, 14 days and 28 days. 3a is a line diagram showing a controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum prepared in Examples 1-1 to 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-3, and FIG. 3b is a diagram A line graph of a controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum prepared in Examples 2-1 to 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-3 is shown, and FIG. 3c shows A line graph of a controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum prepared in Example 3-1 to Example 3-2 and Comparative Example 3-1 to Comparative Example 3-3. In Figures 3a to 3c, the horizontal axis represents the content of the semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum in the fine aggregate, the unit of which is a percentage, and the vertical axis represents the compressive strength of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing the desulfurized gypsum. The unit is kgf/cm 2 .

於圖3a至圖3c中，折線311、折線321及折線331分別代表含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料於水中，經7天之齡期的抗壓強度；折線312、折線322及折線332分別代表含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料於空氣中，經7天之齡期的抗壓強度；折線313、折線323及折線333代表含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料於水中，經14天之齡期的抗壓強度；折線314、折線324及折線334代表含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料於空氣中，經14天之齡期的抗壓強度；折線315、折線325及折線335代表含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料於水中，經28天之齡期的抗壓強度；且折線316、折線326及折線336代表含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料於空氣中，經28天之齡期的抗壓強度。 In FIGS. 3a to 3c, the fold line 311, the fold line 321 and the fold line 331 respectively represent the compressive strength of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum in water over a period of 7 days; the fold line 312, the fold line 322 and the fold line 332 represents the compressive strength of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum in the air after 7 days; the broken line 313, the broken line 323 and the broken line 333 represent the controlled low-strength backfill material containing the desulfurized gypsum. In the water, the compressive strength after 14 days of age; the broken line 314, the broken line 324 and the broken line 334 represent the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum in the air, the compressive strength after 14 days of age; , the fold line 325 and the fold line 335 represent the compressive strength of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum in water after 28 days; and the fold line 316, the fold line 326 and the fold line 336 represent low controllability of the desulfurized gypsum. The strength backfill material is in air and has a compressive strength of 28 days.

依據表一及圖3a至圖3c所載之內容可知，當半水脫硫石膏於細骨材中之含量為10%至50%(即基於細骨材之總使用量為100重量份，半水脫硫石膏之使用量為10重量 份至50重量份)時，所製得含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料之初期抗壓強度可達到設計強度之要求。較佳地，當半水脫硫石膏於細骨材中之含量為10%至30%時，含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料經28天之齡期的抗壓強度仍可達到強度之要求。 According to the contents of Table 1 and Figures 3a to 3c, when the content of the semi-aqueous desulfurized gypsum in the fine aggregate is 10% to 50% (that is, based on the total amount of the fine aggregate used is 100 parts by weight, half Water desulfurization gypsum is used in 10 weights When the amount is 50 parts by weight, the initial compressive strength of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing the desulfurized gypsum can meet the design strength requirement. Preferably, when the content of the semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum in the fine aggregate is 10% to 30%, the controlled low-strength backfill material containing the desulfurized gypsum can still reach the strength after the 28-day age compressive strength. Requirements.

據此，添加半水脫硫石膏之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料可滿足所要求之設計強度。其中，隨著齡期之增加，本發明之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料之抗壓強度亦可達到設計強度。故，本發明之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料可用以替代習知之回填夯時材料，而避免習知因未夯實，而造成之塌陷意外。藉由半水脫硫石膏之添加，細骨材中其他成份之含量可隨之減少，而降低含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料之製造成本，並提升半水脫硫石膏之再利用性，進而達到減廢之功效。 Accordingly, a controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum added with semi-aqueous desulfurized gypsum can satisfy the required design strength. Among them, as the age increases, the compressive strength of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing the desulfurized gypsum of the present invention can also reach the design strength. Therefore, the controlled low-strength backfill material containing the desulfurized gypsum of the present invention can be used instead of the conventional backfilling material, and avoids the collapse accident caused by the untamedness. By adding semi-water desulfurization gypsum, the content of other components in the fine aggregate can be reduced, and the manufacturing cost of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum can be reduced, and the reuse of the semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum can be improved. Sex, and then achieve the effect of reducing waste.

請參照圖4，其係繪示含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料包含不同使用量之早強劑時，經不同之齡期後，依據ASTM之C403-08的標準檢測方法所測得之貫入抵抗壓力，橫軸代表含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料所經過之齡期時間，單位為分，且縱軸代表含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料之貫入抵抗壓力，單位為psi。其中，此含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料係乾拌混合100公斤之水泥、317公斤之砂、136公斤之半水脫硫石膏及不 同使用量之早強劑，並加入140公斤之水，以使其坍流度為45公分。 Please refer to FIG. 4 , which shows that the controlled low-intensity backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum contains different amounts of early strength agent, and is measured according to the standard test method of ASTM C403-08 after different ages. The penetrating resistance pressure, the horizontal axis represents the age of the controlled low-intensity backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum, and the vertical axis represents the penetration resistance pressure of the controlled low-intensity backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum. The unit is psi. Among them, the controlled low-strength backfilling material containing desulfurized gypsum is dry mixed with 100 kg of cement, 317 kg of sand, 136 kg of semi-water desulfurized gypsum and no Use the same amount of early strength agent and add 140 kg of water to make the turbulence of 45 cm.

趨勢線401代表基於水泥及細骨材之總使用量為100重量份，早強劑之使用量為1重量份之實驗數值。趨勢線402代表基於水泥及細骨材之總使用量為100重量份，早強劑之使用量為1.5重量份之實驗數值。趨勢線403代表基於水泥及細骨材之總使用量為100重量份，早強劑之使用量為1.75重量份之實驗數值。趨勢線404代表基於水泥及細骨材之總使用量為100重量份，早強劑之使用量為2重量份之實驗數值。趨勢線405代表基於水泥及細骨材之總使用量為100重量份，早強劑之使用量為2.25重量份之實驗數值。趨勢線406代表基於水泥及細骨材之總使用量為100重量份，早強劑之使用量為3重量份之實驗數值。 The trend line 401 represents an experimental value based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of cement and fine aggregate used, and the amount of early strengthening agent used is 1 part by weight. Trend line 402 represents an experimental value based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of cement and fine aggregate used, and 1.5 parts by weight of the early strength agent. The trend line 403 represents an experimental value based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of cement and fine aggregate used, and 1.75 parts by weight of the early strength agent. The trend line 404 represents an experimental value based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of cement and fine aggregate used, and the amount of early strengthening agent used is 2 parts by weight. The trend line 405 represents an experimental value based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of cement and fine aggregate used, and 2.25 parts by weight of the early strength agent. The trend line 406 represents an experimental value based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of cement and fine aggregate used, and the amount of early strengthening agent used is 3 parts by weight.

依據圖4所繪示之內容可知，根據ASTM之C403-08的標準檢測方法，基於細骨材之總使用量為100重量份，當半水脫硫石膏為30重量份時，早強劑之使用量較佳係不低於1.5重量份(基於水泥及細骨材之總使用量為100重量份)。 According to the content shown in FIG. 4, according to the standard test method of ASTM C403-08, the total use amount of the fine aggregate is 100 parts by weight, and when the semi-water desulfurization gypsum is 30 parts by weight, the early strength agent The amount used is preferably not less than 1.5 parts by weight (based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of cement and fine aggregate).

請參照第2表，依據第2表所載之內容可知，當實施例4所製得含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料之直接取樣的試體經14天齡期後，試體之抗壓強度已可達到所要求之設計強度。其次，現地鋪設之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料經28天齡期後，含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料之抗壓強度亦可達到所要求之設計強度。 Please refer to Table 2, according to the contents in Table 2, after the 14-day-old sample is directly sampled by the controlled low-intensity backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum prepared in Example 4, the test sample is The compressive strength has reached the required design strength. Secondly, after 28 days of age, the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum is laid, and the compressive strength of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum can also reach the required design strength.

據此，當含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料包含半水脫硫石膏時，不論是直接取樣之試體或經現地鋪設之試體，經28天齡期後，本發明之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料均可滿足所要求之設計強度，且兩者並無顯著之差異，故所製得之試體品質具有良好的一致性。 Accordingly, when the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum comprises semi-water desulfurized gypsum, whether it is a directly sampled test sample or a sample laid on the ground, after 28 days of age, the present invention contains The controlled low-strength backfill material of sulphur gypsum can meet the required design strength, and there is no significant difference between the two, so the quality of the test piece produced has good consistency.

請參照第3表及圖5a與圖5b，其中圖5a及圖5b分別係繪示實施例4之回脹試驗的量測區域BH2及BH4經不同齡期的變形量之折線圖，其中橫軸代表所經之齡期，單位為天，且縱軸為變形量，單位為公釐。 Please refer to the third table and FIG. 5a and FIG. 5b, wherein FIG. 5a and FIG. 5b respectively show a line graph of the deformation amounts of the measurement areas BH2 and BH4 of the re-expansion test of the fourth embodiment through different ages, wherein the horizontal axis Represents the age of the period, the unit is days, and the vertical axis is the amount of deformation, the unit is mm.

於圖5a及圖5b中，折線511、折線513及折線515分別代表量測區域BH2中第一量測點、第二量測點及第三量測點之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料經不同齡期的變形量，且折線521、折線523及折線525分別代表量測區域BH4中第一量測點、第二量測點及第三量測點之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料經不同齡期的變形量。 In FIG. 5a and FIG. 5b, the fold line 511, the fold line 513 and the fold line 515 respectively represent the controllable low strength of the desulfurized gypsum contained in the first measuring point, the second measuring point and the third measuring point in the measuring area BH2. The amount of deformation of the backfill material at different ages, and the fold line 521, the fold line 523 and the fold line 525 respectively represent the control of the desulfurization gypsum containing the first measurement point, the second measurement point and the third measurement point in the measurement area BH4 The amount of deformation of the low-intensity backfill material at different ages.

依據第3表及圖5a與圖5b所載之內容，相對於含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料之鋪設厚度(30公分)，經42天齡期之變形量最大僅為0.7公釐。故，其回脹率僅為0.23%。據此，本發明之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料可視為無膨脹效應。 According to the contents of Table 3 and Figures 5a and 5b, the deformation thickness (30 cm) relative to the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum is only 0.7 mm at 42 days. . Therefore, its rebound rate is only 0.23%. Accordingly, the controlled low strength backfill material containing the desulfurized gypsum of the present invention can be regarded as having no expansion effect.

依據本案實施例及比較例所載之內容可知，本案之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料的細骨材可包 含煉鋼製程所產出之半水脫硫石膏，以減少細骨材中其他成份的使用量，而可降低含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料之製造成本，且提升半水脫硫石膏之再利用性，故可達成減廢之功效。 According to the contents of the examples and comparative examples of the present invention, the fine aggregate of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing the desulfurized gypsum in the present case may be included. The semi-water desulfurization gypsum produced by the steelmaking process is used to reduce the use of other components in the fine aggregate, and the manufacturing cost of the controlled low-strength backfill material containing the desulfurized gypsum can be reduced, and the semi-water desulfurization can be improved. The recyclability of gypsum can achieve the effect of reducing waste.

其次，基於細骨材之總使用量為100重量份，當半水脫硫石膏之使用量10重量份至50重量份時，所製得之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料可依據應用之需求，調整半水脫硫石膏之使用量及灰土比，以滿足所要求之設計強度。 Secondly, based on the total use amount of the fine aggregate is 100 parts by weight, when the amount of the semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum is from 10 parts by weight to 50 parts by weight, the controlled low-intensity backfill material containing the desulfurized gypsum can be obtained according to The application needs to adjust the amount of semi-water desulfurized gypsum and the ratio of lime to soil to meet the required design strength.

雖然本發明已以實施方式揭露如上，然其並非用以限定本發明，在本發明所屬技術領域中任何具有通常知識者，在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內，當可作各種之更動與潤飾，因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 The present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains can make various changes without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is therefore defined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (6)

一種含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料，包含：一水泥；一細骨材，包含半水脫硫石膏；一添加劑；以及水，且其中該控制性低強度回填材料不包含二水脫硫石膏及爐石粉，且基於該細骨材之一總使用量為100重量份，該半水脫硫石膏之一使用量10重量份至50重量份。 A controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum comprising: a cement; a fine aggregate comprising semi-water desulfurized gypsum; an additive; and water, and wherein the controlled low-intensity backfill material does not comprise dihydrate Sulfur gypsum and hearth powder, and one of the semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsums is used in an amount of 10 parts by weight to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the fine aggregate. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料，其中該半水脫硫石膏不包含砷、汞、鉻或銅。 The controlled low-intensity backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum according to claim 1, wherein the semi-aqueous desulfurization gypsum does not contain arsenic, mercury, chromium or copper. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料，其中該添加劑包含一早強劑或一分散劑。 A controlled low-intensity backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum as described in claim 1, wherein the additive comprises an early strength agent or a dispersant. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料，其中該含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料之一坍流度為45公分至50公分。 A controlled low-intensity backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum according to claim 1, wherein the controlled low-intensity backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum has a turbulent flow of 45 cm to 50 cm. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料，其中該含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料之一灰土比為0.094至0.221。 A controlled low-intensity backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum as described in claim 1 wherein one of the controlled low-strength backfill materials containing desulfurized gypsum has a ratio of lime to soil of from 0.094 to 0.221. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料，該含有脫硫石膏之控制性低強度回填材料經28天齡期之無圍抗壓強度不超過84.37kgf/cm2。 The controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum as described in claim 1 of the patent scope, the controlled low-strength backfill material containing desulfurized gypsum does not exceed 84.37 kgf/28 after 28 days of age. Cm 2 .
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