TWI586971B - Measurement and feedback circuit, measurement and feedback keyswitch, and measurement and feedback method - Google Patents
Measurement and feedback circuit, measurement and feedback keyswitch, and measurement and feedback method Download PDFInfo
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本發明係與壓電材料(Piezoelectric material)有關，特別是關於一種藉由壓電材料之壓電與逆壓電特性實現多階段量測及回饋之量測及回饋電路、量測及回饋按鍵與量測及回饋方法。 The invention relates to a piezoelectric material, in particular to a multi-stage measurement and feedback measurement and feedback circuit, measurement and feedback button by piezoelectric and inverse piezoelectric characteristics of a piezoelectric material. Measurement and feedback methods.
於先前技術中，三態閘(Tri-state gate)通常會被用來作為切換壓電材料的量測及回饋電路之元件。電路起初係處於量測模式下，當壓電材料受到外力作用而產生變形時會輸出一電壓，電路量測到此輸出電壓後，便會切換至輸出模式，並輸出致動訊號至壓電材料，使其產生振動。 In the prior art, a tri-state gate is typically used as a component of the measurement and feedback circuit for switching piezoelectric materials. The circuit is initially in the measurement mode. When the piezoelectric material is deformed by an external force, a voltage is output. After the circuit measures the output voltage, it switches to the output mode and outputs an actuation signal to the piezoelectric material. To make it vibrate.
然而，先前技術並未明確提及關於壓電材料的量測及回饋電路之完整控制方法，尤其是當壓電材料受電路輸出致動時會開始持續產生訊號，導致電路無法得知何時需停止。此外，先前技術中之量測及回饋電路僅能提供單一階段的外力輸入量測與振動回饋輸出，並無法因應不同強度的外力輸入提供具有不同強度或不同型式的回饋輸出。 However, the prior art does not explicitly mention the complete control method for the measurement and feedback circuit of the piezoelectric material, especially when the piezoelectric material is activated by the circuit output, the signal will continue to be generated, and the circuit cannot know when to stop. . In addition, the measurement and feedback circuits in the prior art can only provide a single-stage external force input measurement and vibration feedback output, and cannot provide feedback outputs with different strengths or different types according to external force inputs of different strengths.
因此，本發明提供一種量測及回饋電路、量測及回饋按鍵與量測及回饋方法，以改善先前技術所遭遇到的上述種種問題。 Accordingly, the present invention provides a measurement and feedback circuit, a measurement and feedback button, and a measurement and feedback method to improve the above-mentioned problems encountered in the prior art.
根據本發明之一具體實施例係為一種量測及回饋電路。於此實施例中，量測及回饋電路係用以量測外力並輸出振動回饋。量測及回饋電路包含壓電材料及控制單元。當壓電材料變形時會產生輸出電壓。控制單元耦接壓電材料。控制單元初始係處於量測模式。控制單元量測壓電材料受外力變形所產生之輸出電壓是否超過預設電壓值。當輸出電壓超過預設電壓值時，控制單元開始計時預定量測時段。控制單元於預定量測時段內持續量測輸出電壓，並根據輸出電壓之變化得到最大電壓值。當預定量測時段結束時，控制單元從量測模式切換至回饋模式。於回饋模式下，控制單元根據最大電壓值輸出回饋訊號，並將回饋訊號施加給壓電材料，驅使壓電材料振動而輸出振動回饋。 One embodiment of the invention is a measurement and feedback circuit. In this embodiment, the measurement and feedback circuit is used to measure the external force and output the vibration feedback. The measurement and feedback circuit includes a piezoelectric material and a control unit. The output voltage is generated when the piezoelectric material is deformed. The control unit is coupled to the piezoelectric material. The control unit is initially in measurement mode. The control unit measures whether the output voltage generated by the deformation of the piezoelectric material by the external force exceeds a preset voltage value. When the output voltage exceeds the preset voltage value, the control unit starts counting the predetermined measurement period. The control unit continuously measures the output voltage for a predetermined measurement period and obtains a maximum voltage value according to the change of the output voltage. When the predetermined measurement period ends, the control unit switches from the measurement mode to the feedback mode. In the feedback mode, the control unit outputs a feedback signal according to the maximum voltage value, and applies a feedback signal to the piezoelectric material to drive the piezoelectric material to vibrate and output vibration feedback.
於一實施例中，當控制單元從量測模式切換至回饋模式時，控制單元開始計時預定輸出時段，控制單元於預定輸出時段內輸出回饋訊號給壓電材料，當預定輸出時段結束時，控制單元會脫離回饋模式。 In an embodiment, when the control unit switches from the measurement mode to the feedback mode, the control unit starts counting the predetermined output period, and the control unit outputs the feedback signal to the piezoelectric material in the predetermined output period, and when the predetermined output period ends, the control The unit will leave the feedback mode.
於一實施例中，壓電材料受外力變形所產生之輸出電壓係對應於壓電材料的變形量，並且壓電材料的變形量係對應於外力。 In one embodiment, the output voltage generated by the deformation of the piezoelectric material by the external force corresponds to the deformation amount of the piezoelectric material, and the deformation amount of the piezoelectric material corresponds to the external force.
於一實施例中，當最大電壓值為第一電壓時，壓電材料之振動具有第一振動特性，當最大電壓值為第二電壓時，壓電材料之振動具有第二振動特性，第一振動特性及第二振動特性係選自於由振動振幅、振動持續時間、振動頻率及振動波形所組成的群組。 In one embodiment, when the maximum voltage value is the first voltage, the vibration of the piezoelectric material has a first vibration characteristic, and when the maximum voltage value is the second voltage, the vibration of the piezoelectric material has a second vibration characteristic, first The vibration characteristic and the second vibration characteristic are selected from the group consisting of vibration amplitude, vibration duration, vibration frequency, and vibration waveform.
於一實施例中，控制單元更耦接至輸出裝置，控制單元更將回饋訊號施加給輸出裝置，驅使輸出裝置輸出光線回饋或聲音回饋。 In an embodiment, the control unit is further coupled to the output device, and the control unit further applies a feedback signal to the output device to drive the output device to output light feedback or sound feedback.
根據本發明之另一具體實施例係為一種量測及回饋按鍵。於 此實施例中，量測及回饋按鍵係用以量測外力並輸出振動回饋。量測及回饋按鍵包含鍵帽、壓電材料及控制單元。壓電材料設置於鍵帽下方，當鍵帽被外力按壓時，會導致壓電材料變形而產生輸出電壓。控制單元耦接壓電材料。控制單元初始係處於量測模式，控制單元開始計時預定量測時段，控制單元於預定量測時段內持續量測輸出電壓，並根據輸出電壓之變化得到最大電壓值。當預定量測時段結束時，控制單元從量測模式切換至回饋模式。於回饋模式下，控制單元根據最大電壓值輸出回饋訊號，並將回饋訊號施加給壓電材料，驅使壓電材料振動而輸出振動回饋並傳遞給鍵帽。 Another embodiment in accordance with the present invention is a measurement and feedback button. to In this embodiment, the measurement and feedback buttons are used to measure the external force and output the vibration feedback. The measurement and feedback buttons include a keycap, a piezoelectric material, and a control unit. The piezoelectric material is disposed under the keycap, and when the keycap is pressed by an external force, the piezoelectric material is deformed to generate an output voltage. The control unit is coupled to the piezoelectric material. The control unit is initially in the measurement mode, the control unit starts counting the predetermined measurement period, and the control unit continuously measures the output voltage for a predetermined measurement period, and obtains the maximum voltage value according to the change of the output voltage. When the predetermined measurement period ends, the control unit switches from the measurement mode to the feedback mode. In the feedback mode, the control unit outputs a feedback signal according to the maximum voltage value, and applies a feedback signal to the piezoelectric material to drive the piezoelectric material to vibrate and output the vibration feedback and transmit it to the key cap.
於一實施例中，控制單元量測輸出電壓是否超過預設電壓值。當壓電材料所產生之輸出電壓超過預設電壓值時，控制單元開始計時預定量測時段。 In an embodiment, the control unit measures whether the output voltage exceeds a preset voltage value. When the output voltage generated by the piezoelectric material exceeds the preset voltage value, the control unit starts counting the predetermined measurement period.
於一實施例中，量測及回饋按鍵更包含鍵盤編碼電路。鍵帽上顯示字元符號，當最大電壓值小於預設臨界值時，鍵盤編碼電路輸出字元符號的小寫字形，當最大電壓值大於或等於預設臨界值時，鍵盤編碼電路輸出字元符號的大寫字形。 In an embodiment, the measurement and feedback button further includes a keyboard encoding circuit. The character symbol is displayed on the keycap. When the maximum voltage value is less than the preset threshold, the keyboard encoding circuit outputs a small letter shape of the character symbol. When the maximum voltage value is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the keyboard encoding circuit outputs the character symbol. The shape of the big letters.
於一實施例中，量測及回饋按鍵更包含按鍵電極。按鍵電極耦接控制單元。當壓電材料與按鍵電極之間的電位差不為零時，控制單元判定鍵帽未被按壓；當壓電材料與按鍵電極之間的電位差為零時，控制單元判定鍵帽被按壓。 In an embodiment, the measurement and feedback button further includes a button electrode. The button electrode is coupled to the control unit. When the potential difference between the piezoelectric material and the button electrode is not zero, the control unit determines that the key cap is not pressed; when the potential difference between the piezoelectric material and the button electrode is zero, the control unit determines that the key cap is pressed.
於一實施例中，壓電材料受外力變形所產生之輸出電壓係對應於壓電材料的變形量，並且壓電材料的變形量係對應於外力。 In one embodiment, the output voltage generated by the deformation of the piezoelectric material by the external force corresponds to the deformation amount of the piezoelectric material, and the deformation amount of the piezoelectric material corresponds to the external force.
於一實施例中，當最大電壓值為第一電壓時，壓電材料之振 動具有第一振動特性；當最大電壓值為第二電壓時，壓電材料之振動具有第二振動特性。第一振動特性及第二振動特性係選自於由振動振幅、振動持續時間、振動頻率及振動波形所組成的群組。 In an embodiment, when the maximum voltage value is the first voltage, the vibration of the piezoelectric material The vibration has a first vibration characteristic; when the maximum voltage value is the second voltage, the vibration of the piezoelectric material has a second vibration characteristic. The first vibration characteristic and the second vibration characteristic are selected from the group consisting of vibration amplitude, vibration duration, vibration frequency, and vibration waveform.
於一實施例中，控制單元更耦接至輸出裝置。控制單元更將回饋訊號施加給輸出裝置，驅使輸出裝置輸出光線回饋或聲音回饋。 In an embodiment, the control unit is further coupled to the output device. The control unit further applies a feedback signal to the output device to drive the output device to output light feedback or sound feedback.
根據本發明之另一具體實施例係為一種量測及回饋方法。於此實施例中，量測及回饋方法係用以量測外力並輸出振動回饋。量測及回饋方法包含下列步驟：(a)進入量測模式；(b)開始計時預定量測時段；(c)於預定量測時段內持續量測壓電材料所產生之輸出電壓，其中壓電材料係受外力變形而產生輸出電壓，並根據輸出電壓之變化得到最大電壓值；(d)當預定量測時段結束時，從量測模式切換至回饋模式；(e)於回饋模式下，根據最大電壓值輸出回饋訊號；以及(f)將回饋訊號施加給壓電材料，驅使壓電材料振動而輸出振動回饋。 Another embodiment in accordance with the present invention is a measurement and feedback method. In this embodiment, the measurement and feedback method is used to measure the external force and output the vibration feedback. The measurement and feedback method comprises the following steps: (a) entering the measurement mode; (b) starting to measure the predetermined measurement period; (c) continuously measuring the output voltage generated by the piezoelectric material during the predetermined measurement period, wherein the pressure The electrical material is deformed by an external force to generate an output voltage, and the maximum voltage value is obtained according to the change of the output voltage; (d) switching from the measurement mode to the feedback mode when the predetermined measurement period ends; (e) in the feedback mode, Outputting a feedback signal according to the maximum voltage value; and (f) applying a feedback signal to the piezoelectric material to drive the piezoelectric material to vibrate and output vibration feedback.
於一實施例中，量測及回饋方法進一步包含下列步驟：(b')於量測模式下，量測輸出電壓是否超過預設電壓值，當量測結果為輸出電壓超過預設電壓值時，開始計時預定量測時段。 In an embodiment, the measurement and feedback method further includes the following steps: (b') in the measurement mode, measuring whether the output voltage exceeds a preset voltage value, and the equivalent measurement result is when the output voltage exceeds a preset voltage value. , start timing the scheduled measurement period.
於一實施例中，量測及回饋方法進一步包含下列步驟：當步驟(d)從量測模式切換至回饋模式時，開始計時預定輸出時段；於預定輸出時段內輸出回饋訊號；以及當預定輸出時段結束時，脫離回饋模式。 In an embodiment, the measuring and feedback method further comprises the steps of: starting the predetermined output period when the step (d) is switched from the measurement mode to the feedback mode; outputting the feedback signal during the predetermined output period; and when the predetermined output is output At the end of the time period, the feedback mode is released.
於一實施例中，壓電材料受外力變形所產生之輸出電壓係對應於壓電材料的變形量，並且壓電材料的變形量係對應於外力。 In one embodiment, the output voltage generated by the deformation of the piezoelectric material by the external force corresponds to the deformation amount of the piezoelectric material, and the deformation amount of the piezoelectric material corresponds to the external force.
於一實施例中，當最大電壓值為第一電壓時，壓電材料之振 動具有第一振動特性；當最大電壓值為一第二電壓時，壓電材料之振動具有第二振動特性。第一振動特性及第二振動特性係選自於由振動振幅、振動持續時間、振動頻率及振動波形所組成的群組。 In an embodiment, when the maximum voltage value is the first voltage, the vibration of the piezoelectric material The vibration has a first vibration characteristic; when the maximum voltage value is a second voltage, the vibration of the piezoelectric material has a second vibration characteristic. The first vibration characteristic and the second vibration characteristic are selected from the group consisting of vibration amplitude, vibration duration, vibration frequency, and vibration waveform.
於一實施例中，量測及回饋方法進一步包含下列步驟：(g)將壓電材料所輸出之振動回饋傳遞給設置於壓電材料上方之鍵帽。 In one embodiment, the measuring and feeding method further comprises the steps of: (g) transmitting the vibration feedback output by the piezoelectric material to a key cap disposed above the piezoelectric material.
於一實施例中，量測及回饋方法進一步包含下列步驟：(h)將回饋訊號施加給輸出裝置，驅使輸出裝置輸出光線回饋或聲音回饋。 In an embodiment, the measuring and feedback method further comprises the steps of: (h) applying a feedback signal to the output device to drive the output device to output light feedback or sound feedback.
相較於先前技術，根據本發明之量測及回饋電路及方法係利用壓電材料之壓電與逆壓電特性實現多階段量測及回饋之具體功效。此外，根據本發明之量測及回饋按鍵可應用於例如鍵盤之輸入裝置上，由於僅需同一組壓電材料即能同時完成外力量測與振動回饋，故可省去於鍵盤中設置感測模組之空間並降低其生產成本。 Compared with the prior art, the measuring and feedback circuit and method according to the present invention utilizes the piezoelectric and inverse piezoelectric characteristics of the piezoelectric material to achieve the specific effects of multi-stage measurement and feedback. In addition, the measuring and feedback button according to the present invention can be applied to an input device such as a keyboard. Since only the same set of piezoelectric materials can simultaneously perform external force measurement and vibration feedback, the sensing can be omitted in the keyboard. The space of the module and reduce its production costs.
關於本發明之優點與精神可以藉由以下的發明詳述及所附圖式得到進一步的瞭解。 The advantages and spirit of the present invention will be further understood from the following detailed description of the invention.
S10~S20‧‧‧流程步驟 S10~S20‧‧‧ Process steps
PZ‧‧‧壓電材料 PZ‧‧‧ piezoelectric material
10‧‧‧路徑切換單元 10‧‧‧Path switching unit
12‧‧‧控制單元 12‧‧‧Control unit
120‧‧‧量測單元 120‧‧‧Measurement unit
122‧‧‧微處理器 122‧‧‧Microprocessor
124‧‧‧驅動單元 124‧‧‧Drive unit
F‧‧‧外力 F‧‧‧External force
VOUT‧‧‧輸出電壓 VOUT‧‧‧ output voltage
VMAX‧‧‧最大電壓值 V MAX ‧‧‧max voltage value
△T‧‧‧預定量測時段 △T‧‧‧Predetermined measurement period
VD、-VD‧‧‧預設電壓值 V D , -V D ‧‧‧Preset voltage value
FB‧‧‧回饋訊號 FB‧‧‧ feedback signal
VF‧‧‧振動回饋 VF‧‧‧Vibration feedback
LF‧‧‧光線回饋 LF‧‧‧Light feedback
SF‧‧‧聲音回饋 SF‧‧‧Sound feedback
1、3‧‧‧量測及回饋按鍵 1, 3‧‧‧Measurement and feedback buttons
2‧‧‧輸出裝置 2‧‧‧Output device
30‧‧‧鍵帽 30‧‧‧Key Cap
32‧‧‧底板 32‧‧‧floor
34‧‧‧第一板件 34‧‧‧First board
36‧‧‧第二板件 36‧‧‧Second board
37‧‧‧按鍵電極 37‧‧‧Key electrode
38‧‧‧第一電路板 38‧‧‧First board
39‧‧‧第二電路板 39‧‧‧Second circuit board
圖1為本發明一實施例之量測及回饋電路的功能方塊圖；圖2為圖1中之量測及回饋電路運作於量測模式下的功能方塊圖；圖3為根據輸出電壓在預定量測時段內的變化情形得到最大電壓值的示意圖；圖4為圖1中之量測及回饋電路運作於回饋模式下的功能方塊圖；圖5為量測及回饋電路同時將回饋訊號施加給輸出裝置，以驅使輸出裝置輸 出其他型式之回饋的示意圖；圖6為設置有壓電材料之量測及回饋按鍵的***圖；圖7為本發明另一實施例之量測及回饋方法的流程圖。 1 is a functional block diagram of a measurement and feedback circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the measurement and feedback circuit of FIG. 1 operating in a measurement mode; FIG. 3 is a predetermined according to an output voltage. A schematic diagram of the maximum voltage value obtained during the measurement period; FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of the measurement and feedback circuit of FIG. 1 operating in the feedback mode; FIG. 5 is a measurement and feedback circuit simultaneously applying the feedback signal to Output device to drive the output device to lose FIG. 6 is an exploded view of a measurement and feedback button provided with a piezoelectric material; FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a measurement and feedback method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
根據本發明之一具體實施例為一種量測及回饋電路。於此實施例中，量測及回饋電路係利用壓電材料之壓電與逆壓電特性來量測壓電材料所受到之外力並驅使壓電材料輸出相對應的振動回饋。 According to one embodiment of the invention, a measurement and feedback circuit is provided. In this embodiment, the measurement and feedback circuit utilizes the piezoelectric and inverse piezoelectric properties of the piezoelectric material to measure the external force received by the piezoelectric material and drive the corresponding vibration feedback of the piezoelectric material output.
首先，請參照圖1，圖1為本發明一實施例之量測及回饋電路的功能方塊圖。如圖1所示，量測及回饋電路1包含壓電材料PZ、路徑切換單元10及控制單元12。其中，壓電材料PZ耦接路徑切換單元10；路徑切換單元10耦接控制單元12。 First, please refer to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a measurement and feedback circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the measurement and feedback circuit 1 includes a piezoelectric material PZ, a path switching unit 10, and a control unit 12. The piezoelectric material PZ is coupled to the path switching unit 10; the path switching unit 10 is coupled to the control unit 12.
量測及回饋電路1的控制單元12還包含量測單元120、微處理器122及驅動單元124。其中，量測單元120耦接路徑切換單元10及微處理器122；微處理器122耦接路徑切換單元10、量測單元120及驅動單元124；驅動單元124耦接路徑切換單元10及微處理器122。 The control unit 12 of the measurement and feedback circuit 1 further includes a measurement unit 120, a microprocessor 122, and a drive unit 124. The measuring unit 120 is coupled to the path switching unit 10 and the microprocessor 122; the microprocessor 122 is coupled to the path switching unit 10, the measuring unit 120 and the driving unit 124; the driving unit 124 is coupled to the path switching unit 10 and the micro processing 122.
於此實施例中，壓電材料PZ係具有二作用：(1)在量測模式下，當壓電材料PZ承受到一外力作用而變形時產生相對應的一輸出電壓，以及(2)在回饋模式下，當壓電材料PZ接收到一回饋訊號驅動時，產生相對應的一振動回饋，該回饋訊號可對應於輸出電壓之最大電壓值；路徑切換單元10係用以在量測模式或回饋模式下切換壓電材料PZ與控制單元12之間的不同訊號傳輸路徑；控制單元係用以在量測模式下量測壓電材料所產生之輸出電壓並根據輸出電壓於一預定量測時段內之變化得到一最大電壓 值，以及在回饋模式下根據最大電壓值產生相對應的回饋訊號來驅動壓電材料PZ產生相對應的振動回饋。 In this embodiment, the piezoelectric material PZ has two functions: (1) in the measurement mode, when the piezoelectric material PZ is deformed by an external force, a corresponding output voltage is generated, and (2) In the feedback mode, when the piezoelectric material PZ receives a feedback signal drive, a corresponding vibration feedback is generated, and the feedback signal can correspond to the maximum voltage value of the output voltage; the path switching unit 10 is used in the measurement mode or Switching mode switches the different signal transmission paths between the piezoelectric material PZ and the control unit 12; the control unit is configured to measure the output voltage generated by the piezoelectric material in the measurement mode and according to the output voltage for a predetermined measurement period The change inside gets a maximum voltage The value, and in the feedback mode, generates a corresponding feedback signal according to the maximum voltage value to drive the piezoelectric material PZ to generate a corresponding vibration feedback.
接下來，將分別就此實施例中之量測及回饋電路1在量測模式及回饋模式下的運作情形進行詳細說明。 Next, the operation of the measurement and feedback circuit 1 in the measurement mode and the feedback mode in this embodiment will be described in detail.
如圖2所示，當控制單元12處於量測模式下時，路徑切換單元10會切換壓電材料PZ與控制單元12之間的訊號傳輸路徑，讓壓電材料PZ與控制單元12中之量測單元120耦接，使得控制單元12中之量測單元120能夠量測壓電材料PZ所產生之輸出電壓VOUT。 As shown in FIG. 2, when the control unit 12 is in the measurement mode, the path switching unit 10 switches the signal transmission path between the piezoelectric material PZ and the control unit 12, so that the piezoelectric material PZ and the amount in the control unit 12 are The measuring unit 120 is coupled such that the measuring unit 120 in the control unit 12 can measure the output voltage VOUT generated by the piezoelectric material PZ.
於量測模式下，量測單元120會先量測壓電材料PZ所產生之輸出電壓VOUT是否超過一預設電壓值，以避免因為壓電材料PZ所具有的背景電壓值而產生誤動作。實際上，此預設電壓值可以是系統預設或由使用者設定，並無特定之限制。 In the measurement mode, the measuring unit 120 first measures whether the output voltage VOUT generated by the piezoelectric material PZ exceeds a predetermined voltage value to avoid malfunction due to the background voltage value of the piezoelectric material PZ. In fact, the preset voltage value can be preset by the system or set by the user without specific restrictions.
若量測單元120之量測結果為壓電材料PZ所產生之輸出電壓VOUT並未超過預設電壓值，則量測單元120繼續量測壓電材料PZ所產生之輸出電壓VOUT；若量測單元120之量測結果為壓電材料PZ所產生之輸出電壓VOUT已超過預設電壓值，代表壓電材料PZ受外力F之作用而變形並產生足夠大的輸出電壓VOUT，此時量測單元120會開始計時一預定量測時段並於預定量測時段內持續量測輸出電壓VOUT，再由微處理器122根據輸出電壓VOUT於預定量測時段內之變化情形得到一最大電壓值。 If the measurement result of the measuring unit 120 is that the output voltage VOUT generated by the piezoelectric material PZ does not exceed the preset voltage value, the measuring unit 120 continues to measure the output voltage VOUT generated by the piezoelectric material PZ; The measurement result of the unit 120 is that the output voltage VOUT generated by the piezoelectric material PZ has exceeded the preset voltage value, and the piezoelectric material PZ is deformed by the external force F to generate a sufficiently large output voltage VOUT. 120 will start timing a predetermined measurement period and continuously measure the output voltage VOUT within a predetermined measurement period, and then the microprocessor 122 obtains a maximum voltage value according to the variation of the output voltage VOUT within a predetermined measurement period.
舉例而言，如圖3所示，於時間9毫秒(ms)之前，由於未受外力按壓，壓電材料PZ所產生之輸出電壓VOUT為0。於時間9毫秒被按壓的瞬間，壓電材料PZ所產生之輸出電壓VOUT會開始出現激烈的變化。若壓 電材料PZ所產生之輸出電壓VOUT為負電壓，當輸出電壓VOUT於時間10毫秒低於預設電壓值-VD時，量測單元120即會開始計時一預定量測時段△T。反之，若壓電材料PZ所產生之輸出電壓VOUT為正電壓，當輸出電壓VOUT超過預設電壓值VD時，量測單元120亦會開始計時一預定量測時段△T。也就是說，只要當壓電材料PZ所產生之輸出電壓VOUT的絕對值｜VOUT｜大於預設電壓值VD時，量測單元120即會開始計時一預定量測時段△T。假設量測單元120所計時的預定量測時段△T為10毫秒，量測單元120即會在這10毫秒內持續量測輸出電壓VOUT，再由微處理器122根據輸出電壓VOUT在這10毫秒內的變化情形求出最大電壓值VMAX。 For example, as shown in FIG. 3, before 9 milliseconds (ms), the output voltage VOUT generated by the piezoelectric material PZ is 0 because it is not pressed by an external force. At the moment when the time is pressed by 9 milliseconds, the output voltage VOUT generated by the piezoelectric material PZ starts to undergo a drastic change. If the output voltage VOUT generated by the piezoelectric material PZ is a negative voltage, when the output voltage VOUT is lower than the preset voltage value -V D for 10 milliseconds, the measuring unit 120 starts counting for a predetermined measurement period ΔT. On the other hand, if the output voltage VOUT generated by the piezoelectric material PZ is a positive voltage, when the output voltage VOUT exceeds the preset voltage value V D , the measuring unit 120 also starts timing for a predetermined measurement period ΔT. That is, as long as the absolute value |VOUT| of the output voltage VOUT generated by the piezoelectric material PZ is greater than the preset voltage value V D , the measuring unit 120 starts timing for a predetermined measurement period ΔT. Assuming that the predetermined measurement period ΔT counted by the measurement unit 120 is 10 milliseconds, the measurement unit 120 continuously measures the output voltage VOUT within 10 milliseconds, and then the microprocessor 122 according to the output voltage VOUT at the 10 milliseconds. The internal variation is used to find the maximum voltage value V MAX .
當預定量測時段△T結束時，控制單元12即會從原本的量測模式切換至回饋模式，如圖4所示，此時路徑切換單元10會切換壓電材料PZ與控制單元12之間的訊號傳輸路徑，讓壓電材料PZ與控制單元12中之驅動單元124耦接，使得控制單元12中之驅動單元124能夠驅動壓電材料PZ產生振動回饋。 When the predetermined measurement period ΔT ends, the control unit 12 switches from the original measurement mode to the feedback mode, as shown in FIG. 4, at which time the path switching unit 10 switches between the piezoelectric material PZ and the control unit 12. The signal transmission path couples the piezoelectric material PZ to the driving unit 124 in the control unit 12, so that the driving unit 124 in the control unit 12 can drive the piezoelectric material PZ to generate vibration feedback.
當微處理器122得到最大電壓值VMAX後，微處理器122會根據最大電壓值VMAX產生相對應之一回饋訊號FB至驅動單元124，並由驅動單元124將回饋訊號FB施加給壓電材料PZ，以驅使壓電材料PZ振動而輸出相對應之一振動回饋VF。 When the microprocessor 122 obtains the maximum voltage value V MAX , the microprocessor 122 generates a corresponding feedback signal FB according to the maximum voltage value V MAX to the driving unit 124, and the driving unit 124 applies the feedback signal FB to the piezoelectric device. The material PZ is used to drive the piezoelectric material PZ to vibrate and output a corresponding one of the vibration feedback VF.
公式一：壓電材料PZ之振動持續時間(毫秒)=最大電壓值VMAX(伏特)*100 Formula 1: Vibration duration of piezoelectric material PZ (milliseconds) = maximum voltage value V MAX (volts) * 100
於實際應用中，微處理器122可根據一查找表(例如表一)或一公式(例如公式一)來產生對應於不同最大電壓值VMAX的回饋訊號FB，並驅使壓電材料PZ之振動具有相對應的振動特性，以產生相對應的振動回饋VF。需說明的是，壓電材料PZ的振動特性不以上述的振動持續時間及振動頻率為限，實際上亦可以是振動振幅(例如：最大電壓值VMAX愈高，則振動振幅愈大)或振動波形(例如：最大電壓值VMAX愈高，則振動波形愈接近方波)，或是上述變化的組合，此處對振動特性並無特定之限制。 In practical applications, the microprocessor 122 can generate the feedback signal FB corresponding to different maximum voltage values V MAX according to a lookup table (for example, Table 1) or a formula (for example, Equation 1), and drive the vibration of the piezoelectric material PZ. Corresponding vibration characteristics are generated to generate a corresponding vibration feedback VF. It should be noted that the vibration characteristics of the piezoelectric material PZ are not limited to the above-mentioned vibration duration and vibration frequency, and may actually be vibration amplitudes (for example, the higher the maximum voltage value V MAX , the greater the vibration amplitude) or The vibration waveform (for example, the higher the maximum voltage value V MAX is , the closer the vibration waveform is to the square wave), or the combination of the above variations, and there is no particular limitation on the vibration characteristics.
由上述可知：由於在量測模式下壓電材料PZ受到不同大小之外力F作用時會產生不同程度的變形而輸出具有不同最大電壓值VMAX的輸出電壓VOUT，故本發明的量測及回饋電路1可實現多階段的外力量測；此外，本發明的量測及回饋電路1可在回饋模式下控制壓電材料PZ根據不同最大電壓值VMAX(亦即不同大小之外力F)產生具有不同振動特性的振動回饋VF，故可實現多階段的振動回饋輸出。 It can be seen from the above that since the piezoelectric material PZ is subjected to different degrees of force F in the measurement mode, different degrees of deformation are generated to output the output voltage VOUT having different maximum voltage values V MAX , so the measurement and feedback of the present invention The circuit 1 can realize multi-stage external force measurement; in addition, the measurement and feedback circuit 1 of the present invention can control the piezoelectric material PZ to generate according to different maximum voltage values V MAX (that is, different magnitudes of force F) in the feedback mode. The vibration of different vibration characteristics is fed back to VF, so multi-stage vibration feedback output can be realized.
需說明的是，除了上述的振動回饋之外，如圖5所示，微處理器122亦可同時將回饋訊號FB施加給一輸出裝置2，以驅使輸出裝置2輸出其他不同型式的回饋，例如驅使輸出裝置2發出光線以輸出一光線回饋LF或是驅使輸出裝置2發出聲響以輸出一聲音回饋SF。 It should be noted that, in addition to the above vibration feedback, as shown in FIG. 5, the microprocessor 122 can simultaneously apply the feedback signal FB to an output device 2 to drive the output device 2 to output other different types of feedback, for example. The output device 2 is driven to emit light to output a light feedback LF or to drive the output device 2 to emit an acoustic feedback SF.
根據本發明之另一具體實施例係為一種量測及回饋按鍵。於此實施例中，量測及回饋按鍵係利用壓電材料之壓電與逆壓電特性來量測壓電材料所受之外力並驅使壓電材料輸出相對應的振動回饋。實際上，此實施例之量測及回饋按鍵可應用於任何按壓式輸入裝置，例如鍵盤，但不以此為限。 Another embodiment in accordance with the present invention is a measurement and feedback button. In this embodiment, the measurement and feedback button utilizes the piezoelectric and inverse piezoelectric properties of the piezoelectric material to measure the external force experienced by the piezoelectric material and drive the corresponding vibration feedback of the piezoelectric material output. In fact, the measurement and feedback buttons of this embodiment can be applied to any push-type input device, such as a keyboard, but not limited thereto.
請參照圖6，圖6為CN103354185A專利申請案所揭露設置有壓電材料之量測及回饋按鍵的***圖。於量測及回饋按鍵3中，壓電材料PZ係設置於鍵帽30下方且位於第一電路板38與第二電路板39之間，第一板件34與第二板件36彼此疊置，第一電路板38夾置於第一板件34與第二板件36之間，第二電路板39相對第一電路板38設置於底板32上，按鍵電極37係設置於第二電路板39上且位於壓電材料PZ之下方。壓電材料PZ及按鍵電極37分別耦接控制單元(圖未示)。當壓電材料PZ與按鍵電極37之間的電位差不為零時，代表設置於鍵帽30下方的壓電材料PZ並未受外力按壓變形而與其下方的按鍵電極37接觸，控制單元會判定鍵帽30未被按壓；當壓電材料PZ與按鍵電極36之間的電位差為零時，代表設置於鍵帽30下方的壓電材料PZ已受外力按壓變形而與其下方的按鍵電極37接觸，控制單元會判定鍵帽30被按壓。 Please refer to FIG. 6. FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the measurement and feedback button provided with the piezoelectric material disclosed in the CN103354185A patent application. In the measurement and feedback button 3, the piezoelectric material PZ is disposed under the keycap 30 and located between the first circuit board 38 and the second circuit board 39, and the first board member 34 and the second board member 36 are overlapped with each other. The first circuit board 38 is disposed between the first board member 34 and the second board member 36. The second circuit board 39 is disposed on the bottom board 32 with respect to the first circuit board 38, and the button electrode 37 is disposed on the second circuit board. 39 is located below the piezoelectric material PZ. The piezoelectric material PZ and the button electrode 37 are respectively coupled to a control unit (not shown). When the potential difference between the piezoelectric material PZ and the button electrode 37 is not zero, the piezoelectric material PZ disposed under the keycap 30 is not pressed by the external force and is in contact with the button electrode 37 below it, and the control unit determines the key. When the potential difference between the piezoelectric material PZ and the button electrode 36 is zero, the piezoelectric material PZ disposed under the keycap 30 has been pressed by the external force to be in contact with the button electrode 37 below it, and is controlled. The unit will determine that the keycap 30 is pressed.
需說明的是，當鍵帽30被外力按壓時，會導致壓電材料PZ變形而產生一輸出電壓。處於量測模式下的控制單元會於預定量測時段內持續量測壓電材料PZ之輸出電壓並根據輸出電壓之變化得到最大電壓值。接著，控制單元會切換至回饋模式並根據最大電壓值輸出一回饋訊號至壓電材料PZ，以驅使壓電材料PZ振動而輸出振動回饋至鍵帽30。若此時使用 者手指按壓於鍵帽30上即會感受到此一振動回饋。 It should be noted that when the keycap 30 is pressed by an external force, the piezoelectric material PZ is deformed to generate an output voltage. The control unit in the measurement mode continuously measures the output voltage of the piezoelectric material PZ for a predetermined measurement period and obtains the maximum voltage value according to the change of the output voltage. Then, the control unit switches to the feedback mode and outputs a feedback signal to the piezoelectric material PZ according to the maximum voltage value to drive the piezoelectric material PZ to vibrate and output vibration feedback to the keycap 30. If used at this time This vibration feedback is felt when the finger is pressed against the keycap 30.
此外，上述量測及回饋按鍵3亦可進一步包含一鍵盤編碼電路(圖未示)。當使用者的手按壓設置於鍵盤上之量測及回饋按鍵3時，假設量測及回饋按鍵3之鍵帽30上顯示一字元符號(例如英文字母A)，當最大電壓值小於預設臨界值時，鍵盤編碼電路會輸出該字元符號的小寫字形(例如英文字母A的小寫字形a)；當最大電壓值大於或等於預設臨界值時，鍵盤編碼電路會輸出該字元符號的大寫字形(例如英文字母A的大寫字形A)。實際上，此預設臨界值可以是系統預設或由使用者設定，並無特定之限制。 In addition, the above measurement and feedback button 3 may further include a keyboard encoding circuit (not shown). When the user's hand presses the measurement and feedback button 3 set on the keyboard, it is assumed that a character symbol (such as the English letter A) is displayed on the keycap 30 of the measurement and feedback button 3, when the maximum voltage value is less than the preset value. At the critical value, the keyboard encoding circuit outputs a small letter shape of the character symbol (for example, the lowercase letter a of the English letter A); when the maximum voltage value is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, the keyboard encoding circuit outputs the character symbol. Large letters (such as the uppercase A of the English letter A). In fact, this preset threshold can be preset by the system or set by the user without specific restrictions.
根據本發明之另一具體實施例係為一種量測及回饋方法。於此實施例中，量測及回饋方法係利用壓電材料之壓電與逆壓電特性來量測外力並輸出振動回饋。實際上，此實施例之量測及回饋方法可應用於任何按壓式輸入裝置，例如鍵盤，但不以此為限。 Another embodiment in accordance with the present invention is a measurement and feedback method. In this embodiment, the measurement and feedback method utilizes the piezoelectric and inverse piezoelectric characteristics of the piezoelectric material to measure the external force and output the vibration feedback. In fact, the measurement and feedback method of this embodiment can be applied to any push-type input device, such as a keyboard, but is not limited thereto.
請參照圖7，圖7係繪示此實施例之量測及回饋方法的流程圖。如圖7所示，首先，於步驟S10中，該方法進入量測模式。於步驟S11中，該方法於量測模式下量測壓電材料所產生之輸出電壓是否超過一預設電壓值。實際上，此預設電壓值可以是系統預設或由使用者設定，並無特定之限制。 Please refer to FIG. 7. FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing the measurement and feedback method of this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, first, in step S10, the method enters the measurement mode. In step S11, the method measures whether the output voltage generated by the piezoelectric material exceeds a predetermined voltage value in the measurement mode. In fact, the preset voltage value can be preset by the system or set by the user without specific restrictions.
需說明的是，由於壓電材料具有壓電特性，故其係受外力變形而產生輸出電壓。更詳細而言，壓電材料受外力變形所產生之輸出電壓係對應於壓電材料的變形量，並且壓電材料的變形量係對應於外力。也就是說，當壓電材料所受外力愈大時，壓電材料的變形量會愈大且其產生的輸出電壓亦會愈大；反之亦然。 It should be noted that since the piezoelectric material has piezoelectric characteristics, it is deformed by an external force to generate an output voltage. More specifically, the output voltage generated by the deformation of the piezoelectric material by the external force corresponds to the amount of deformation of the piezoelectric material, and the amount of deformation of the piezoelectric material corresponds to the external force. That is to say, the greater the external force applied to the piezoelectric material, the greater the amount of deformation of the piezoelectric material and the greater the output voltage it produces, and vice versa.
若步驟S11之量測結果為是，亦即壓電材料所產生之輸出電壓已超過預設電壓值，則該方法依序執行步驟S12及S13，從第一時間T1=0開始計時並持續量測壓電材料所產生之輸出電壓並根據其變化得到一最大電壓值。若步驟S11之量測結果為否，亦即壓電材料所產生之輸出電壓未超過預設電壓值，則該方法重新執行步驟S11。 If the measurement result in step S11 is YES, that is, the output voltage generated by the piezoelectric material has exceeded the preset voltage value, the method sequentially performs steps S12 and S13, and starts timing and duration from the first time T1=0. The output voltage generated by the piezoelectric material is measured and a maximum voltage value is obtained according to the change. If the measurement result in step S11 is NO, that is, the output voltage generated by the piezoelectric material does not exceed the preset voltage value, the method re-executes step S11.
於步驟S14中，該方法判斷第一時間T1是否大於一預定量測時段。若步驟S14之判斷結果為是，亦即第一時間T1已大於預定量測時段，則該方法執行步驟S15，從原本的量測模式切換至回饋模式。若步驟S14之判斷結果為否，亦即第一時間T1未大於預定量測時段，則該方法繼續執行步驟S13。實際上，此預定量測時段可以是系統預設或由使用者設定，並無特定之限制。 In step S14, the method determines whether the first time T1 is greater than a predetermined measurement period. If the result of the determination in step S14 is YES, that is, the first time T1 has been greater than the predetermined measurement period, the method proceeds to step S15 to switch from the original measurement mode to the feedback mode. If the result of the determination in step S14 is NO, that is, the first time T1 is not greater than the predetermined measurement period, the method proceeds to step S13. In fact, the predetermined measurement period may be preset by the system or set by the user, and there is no specific limitation.
於步驟S16中，該方法於回饋模式下根據最大電壓值決定相對應的回饋訊號。接著，該方法依序執行步驟S17及S18，從第二時間T2=0開始計時並輸出步驟S16所決定之相對應的回饋訊號。 In step S16, the method determines a corresponding feedback signal according to the maximum voltage value in the feedback mode. Then, the method sequentially performs steps S17 and S18, starts timing from the second time T2=0, and outputs the corresponding feedback signal determined in step S16.
於步驟S19中，該方法判斷第二時間T2是否大於一預定輸出時段。若步驟S19之判斷結果為是，亦即第二時間T2已大於預定輸出時段，代表回饋訊號已輸出完畢，則該方法執行步驟S20，脫離回饋模式。若步驟S19之判斷結果為否，亦即第二時間T2未大於預定輸出時段，代表回饋訊號尚未輸出完畢，則該方法繼續執行步驟S18。實際上，此預定輸出時段可以是系統預設或由使用者設定，並無特定之限制。需說明的是，當該方法於步驟S20中脫離回饋模式後，該方法可切換回原本的量測模式，但不以此為限。 In step S19, the method determines whether the second time T2 is greater than a predetermined output period. If the result of the determination in step S19 is YES, that is, the second time T2 is greater than the predetermined output period, and the representative feedback signal has been output, the method proceeds to step S20 to exit the feedback mode. If the result of the determination in step S19 is NO, that is, the second time T2 is not greater than the predetermined output period, and the representative feedback signal has not been output yet, the method proceeds to step S18. In fact, this predetermined output period can be preset by the system or set by the user without specific restrictions. It should be noted that, after the method is detached from the feedback mode in step S20, the method may switch back to the original measurement mode, but not limited thereto.
需說明的是，該方法所輸出相對應於最大電壓值的回饋訊號可施加給壓電材料，藉以驅使壓電材料產生相對應的振動而輸出振動回饋。於實際應用中，當最大電壓值為第一電壓時，壓電材料之振動具有第一振動特性；當最大電壓值為第二電壓時，壓電材料之振動具有第二振動特性。 It should be noted that the feedback signal corresponding to the maximum voltage value output by the method can be applied to the piezoelectric material, thereby driving the piezoelectric material to generate corresponding vibration and outputting vibration feedback. In practical applications, when the maximum voltage value is the first voltage, the vibration of the piezoelectric material has a first vibration characteristic; when the maximum voltage value is the second voltage, the vibration of the piezoelectric material has a second vibration characteristic.
上述的第一振動特性及第二振動特性可以是振動振幅、振動持續時間、振動頻率或振動波形。若以振動持續時間為例，當最大電壓值為1伏特時，壓電材料之振動持續時間為0.3秒；當最大電壓值為2伏特時，壓電材料之振動持續時間為0.6秒。由於最大電壓值亦相對應於壓電材料所受外力之大小，因此，當按壓至壓電材料的外力較大時，相對應的最大電壓值亦較大，而壓電材料所產生之振動回饋的持續時間亦較長；反之亦然。 The first vibration characteristic and the second vibration characteristic described above may be a vibration amplitude, a vibration duration, a vibration frequency, or a vibration waveform. Taking the vibration duration as an example, when the maximum voltage value is 1 volt, the vibration duration of the piezoelectric material is 0.3 seconds; when the maximum voltage value is 2 volts, the vibration duration of the piezoelectric material is 0.6 seconds. Since the maximum voltage value also corresponds to the external force of the piezoelectric material, when the external force pressed to the piezoelectric material is large, the corresponding maximum voltage value is also large, and the vibration feedback generated by the piezoelectric material The duration is also longer; vice versa.
實際上，上述量測及回饋方法亦可應用於一按鍵。於一實施例中，壓電材料係設置於按鍵的鍵帽下方。當壓電材料振動而輸出振動回饋時，其振動回饋會傳遞給設置於壓電材料上方之鍵帽，使得按壓於按鍵的鍵帽上之使用者手指會感受到此一振動回饋。 In fact, the above measurement and feedback methods can also be applied to a button. In one embodiment, the piezoelectric material is disposed under the keycap of the button. When the piezoelectric material vibrates and outputs vibration feedback, the vibration feedback is transmitted to the key cap disposed above the piezoelectric material, so that the user's finger pressed on the keycap of the button senses the vibration feedback.
此外，除了驅動壓電材料產生振動回饋之外，該方法亦可將回饋訊號施加給一輸出裝置，以驅使輸出裝置輸出其他型式的回饋，例如發出光線輸出一光線回饋或是發出聲響輸出一聲音回饋。 In addition, in addition to driving the piezoelectric material to generate vibration feedback, the method can also apply a feedback signal to an output device to drive the output device to output other types of feedback, such as emitting a light output, a light feedback, or an acoustic output. Give feedback.
相較於先前技術，根據本發明之量測及回饋電路及方法係利用壓電材料之壓電與逆壓電特性實現多階段量測及回饋之具體功效。此外，根據本發明之量測及回饋按鍵可應用於例如鍵盤之輸入裝置上，由於僅需同一組壓電材料即能同時完成外力量測與振動回饋，故可省去於鍵盤 中設置感測模組之空間並降低其生產成本。 Compared with the prior art, the measuring and feedback circuit and method according to the present invention utilizes the piezoelectric and inverse piezoelectric characteristics of the piezoelectric material to achieve the specific effects of multi-stage measurement and feedback. In addition, the measuring and feedback button according to the present invention can be applied to an input device such as a keyboard. Since only the same set of piezoelectric materials can simultaneously perform external force measurement and vibration feedback, the keyboard can be omitted. The space of the sensing module is set and the production cost is reduced.
藉由以上較佳具體實施例之詳述，係希望能更加清楚描述本發明之特徵與精神，而並非以上述所揭露的較佳具體實施例來對本發明之範疇加以限制。相反地，其目的是希望能涵蓋各種改變及具相等性的安排於本發明所欲申請之專利範圍的範疇內。 The features and spirit of the present invention will be more apparent from the detailed description of the preferred embodiments. On the contrary, the intention is to cover various modifications and equivalents within the scope of the invention as claimed.
1‧‧‧量測及回饋按鍵 1‧‧‧Measurement and feedback buttons
PZ‧‧‧壓電材料 PZ‧‧‧ piezoelectric material
10‧‧‧路徑切換單元 10‧‧‧Path switching unit
12‧‧‧控制單元 12‧‧‧Control unit
120‧‧‧量測單元 120‧‧‧Measurement unit
122‧‧‧微處理器 122‧‧‧Microprocessor
124‧‧‧驅動單元 124‧‧‧Drive unit
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| US20110128250A1 (en) * | 2009-12-02 | 2011-06-02 | Murphy Mark J | Method and device for detecting user input |
| US20110279382A1 (en) * | 2010-05-14 | 2011-11-17 | Research In Motion Limited | Electronic device including tactile touch-sensitive display and method of controlling same |
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| CN103456541A (en) * | 2013-08-12 | 2013-12-18 | 苏州达方电子有限公司 | Keys, keyboard and force feedback method of keys and keyboard |
| US20140091857A1 (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-03 | Apple Inc. | Ultra Low Travel Keyboard |
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| US20110128250A1 (en) * | 2009-12-02 | 2011-06-02 | Murphy Mark J | Method and device for detecting user input |
| US20110279382A1 (en) * | 2010-05-14 | 2011-11-17 | Research In Motion Limited | Electronic device including tactile touch-sensitive display and method of controlling same |
| TWI463359B (en) * | 2010-11-09 | 2014-12-01 | Univ Nat Chiao Tung | Localization and haptic feedback system based on time-reversal signal processing for touch pane |
| US20130141364A1 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2013-06-06 | Sentons Inc. | User interface interaction using touch input force |
| US20140091857A1 (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-03 | Apple Inc. | Ultra Low Travel Keyboard |
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