TWI585216B - Method of producing high nickel-based alloy billet and application thereof - Google Patents
Method of producing high nickel-based alloy billet and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Description
本發明係有關一種高鎳合金胚料之製造方法及其應用,特別是提供一種表面品質良好且不具裂紋之高鎳合金胚料之製造方法及其應用。 The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a high nickel alloy billet and an application thereof, in particular to a method for manufacturing a high nickel alloy billet with good surface quality and no crack and application thereof.
習知高鎳合金胚料之製造方法係利用模鑄製程生產,惟模鑄製程係將鋼液倒至模具中,待其冷卻凝固,故模鑄製程係藉由單爐生產高鎳合金胚料,而具有較低之產率,且其得料率一般為75%至88%。 The manufacturing method of the conventional high-nickel alloy billet is produced by a die-casting process, but the die-casting process is to pour the molten steel into the mold until it is cooled and solidified, so the mold-casting process produces a high-nickel alloy billet by a single furnace. It has a lower yield and its yield is generally from 75% to 88%.
惟習知之模鑄製程無法滿足高產率之要求。其次,依據不同之鋼液組成及不同之凝固條件,以習知模鑄製程所製得的不同批次之胚料的品質不一,難以符合後端應用之需求。 However, the custom molding process cannot meet the requirements of high productivity. Secondly, depending on the composition of the molten steel and the different solidification conditions, the quality of different batches of blanks produced by the conventional die casting process is different, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of the back end application.
為了改善前述模鑄製程之產率低落的缺點,一般係藉由連鑄製程改善。然而,高鎳合金胚料具有較高之裂紋敏感性,當施加機械應力時,容易產生裂紋,降低表面品質、良率與得料率,進而無法滿足接續軋延製程之要求。 In order to improve the disadvantage of the aforementioned low yield of the molding process, it is generally improved by the continuous casting process. However, high nickel alloy billets have high crack sensitivity. When mechanical stress is applied, cracks are easily generated, surface quality, yield and yield are reduced, and the requirements for the subsequent rolling process cannot be met.
為了避免裂紋之產生,前述之連鑄製程可利用立式連鑄機來進行。惟,當欲製作尺寸較長之胚料時,受限於立式連鑄機之設備,廠區之空間須特意挑高,以配置立式連鑄機。但因受限於立式連鑄機須較高之設備高度,且立式連鑄機所製得之胚料,後續須先經切割,並利用可傾接收裝置及轉向裝置來承接切割後之胚料,以運輸至水平輸送床,故立式連鑄機產能較低。 In order to avoid the occurrence of cracks, the aforementioned continuous casting process can be carried out using a vertical continuous casting machine. However, when it is desired to make a long-sized billet, it is limited by the equipment of the vertical continuous casting machine, and the space of the plant area must be specially selected to configure the vertical continuous casting machine. However, due to the high equipment height required by the vertical continuous casting machine and the blank produced by the vertical continuous casting machine, the subsequent cutting must be carried out first, and the tilting receiving device and the steering device are used to undertake the cutting. The billet is transported to a horizontal conveyor bed, so the vertical caster has a lower production capacity.
依據前述之說明,習知之立式連鑄機實難以符合連續鑄造之要求,且其產能及得料率亦較低,而無法滿足現今煉鋼製程及高鎳合金胚料之應用的各種需求。 According to the foregoing description, the conventional vertical continuous casting machine is difficult to meet the requirements of continuous casting, and its production capacity and yield are also low, and cannot meet the various demands of the current steelmaking process and the application of the high nickel alloy blank.
有鑑於此,亟須提供一種高鎳合金胚料之製造方法,以改進習知高鎳合金胚料之製造方法之缺陷。 In view of the above, it is not necessary to provide a method for producing a high nickel alloy billet to improve the defects of the conventional high nickel alloy billet manufacturing method.
因此,本發明之一態樣是在提供高鎳合金胚料之製造方法,藉由連鑄製程製作表面品質良好且不具裂紋之高鎳合金胚料。 Therefore, one aspect of the present invention is to provide a high-nickel alloy billet which is excellent in surface quality and free from cracks by a continuous casting process.
本發明之另一態樣是在提供一種高鎳合金胚料,其係利用前述之方法製得。 Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a high nickel alloy billet which is obtained by the aforementioned method.
根據本發明之一態樣,提出一種高鎳合金胚料之製造方法。此製造方法係先提供合金鋼液,並對合金鋼液進行連鑄製程。其中,基於合金鋼液之總重量為100重量百分比(wt%),合金鋼液包含0.02wt%至0.10wt%之碳、不超過1.0wt%之矽、不超過1.50wt%之錳、19.0wt%至 25.0wt%之鉻、不超過0.035wt%之磷、不超過0.001wt%之硫、25.0wt%至48.0wt%之鎳、不超過1.5wt%之鈦、不超過1.0wt%之鋁及不超過3.5wt%之銅,且其餘為鐵。此合金鋼液不包含氧化鎂。 According to an aspect of the invention, a method of manufacturing a high nickel alloy blank is proposed. The manufacturing method first provides an alloy steel liquid, and performs a continuous casting process on the alloy steel liquid. Wherein, based on the total weight of the alloy steel liquid is 100 weight percent (wt%), the alloy steel liquid comprises 0.02 wt% to 0.10 wt% of carbon, no more than 1.0 wt% of rhodium, no more than 1.50 wt% of manganese, and 19.0 wt%. %to 25.0 wt% chromium, no more than 0.035 wt% phosphorus, no more than 0.001 wt% sulfur, 25.0 wt% to 48.0 wt% nickel, no more than 1.5 wt% titanium, no more than 1.0 wt% aluminum, and no more than 3.5 wt% copper, and the balance is iron. This alloy steel liquid does not contain magnesium oxide.
前述之連鑄製程係先進行結晶步驟,以形成具有凝殼之鋼液。然後,對具有凝殼之鋼液進行垂直凝固步驟,以形成半凝鑄胚。接著,將半凝鑄胚導入彎曲鑄道,且此彎曲鑄道之偏移應變係小於0.5%。之後,進行水平矯直步驟,即可製得高鎳合金胚料。 The foregoing continuous casting process first performs a crystallization step to form a molten steel having a shell. Then, the molten steel having the crust is subjected to a vertical solidification step to form a semi-coagulated embryo. Next, the semi-coagulated embryo is introduced into the curved casting track, and the offset strain of the curved casting is less than 0.5%. Thereafter, a high-nickel alloy billet is prepared by performing a horizontal straightening step.
依據本發明之一實施例,進行前述之連鑄製程前,此製造方法更包含添加0.002wt%至0.008wt%之硼至合金鋼液中之製程。 According to an embodiment of the present invention, before the foregoing continuous casting process, the manufacturing method further comprises adding 0.002 wt% to 0.008 wt% of boron to the alloy steel liquid.
依據本發明之另一實施例,進行前述之連鑄製程前,此製造方法更包含添加鑄粉至合金鋼液中之製程。其中,此鑄粉包含碳、氧化鈣、氧化鎂、氧化鈉、氧化鉀、氧化錳、二氧化矽、氧化鋁、二氧化鈦或氧化鐵。 According to another embodiment of the present invention, before the foregoing continuous casting process, the manufacturing method further comprises a process of adding a cast powder to the alloy steel liquid. Wherein, the cast powder comprises carbon, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, manganese oxide, cerium oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide or iron oxide.
依據本發明之又一實施例,於1300℃時,前述合金鋼液之黏度為0.5泊(poise)至0.9泊。 According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the viscosity of the aforementioned alloy steel liquid is from 0.5 poise to 0.9 poise at 1300 °C.
依據本發明之再一實施例,進行前述之連鑄製程前,合金鋼液之過熱度為35℃至65℃。 According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the superheat of the alloy steel liquid is 35 ° C to 65 ° C before the foregoing continuous casting process.
依據本發明之又另一實施例,前述之結晶步驟及/或垂直凝固步驟藉由至少一低頻電磁攪拌裝置進行。 According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the crystallization step and/or the vertical solidification step are performed by at least one low frequency electromagnetic stirring device.
依據本發明之再另一實施例,進行前述之水平矯直步驟時,半凝鑄胚之表面溫度不低於800℃。 According to still another embodiment of the present invention, when the horizontal straightening step is performed, the surface temperature of the semi-coagulated embryo is not lower than 800 °C.
依據本發明之更另一實施例,基於前述高鎳合金胚料為100%,此高鎳合金胚料包含至少95%之沃斯田鐵相。 According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the high nickel alloy blank comprises at least 95% of the Worthfield iron phase based on the aforementioned high nickel alloy billet being 100%.
根據本發明之另一態樣,提出一種高鎳合金胚料。此高鎳合金胚料係利用前述之方法製得。 According to another aspect of the invention, a high nickel alloy billet is proposed. This high nickel alloy billet is obtained by the method described above.
依據本發明之一實施例,前述高鎳合金胚料之寬度與高度之比例為5.0至7.5。 According to an embodiment of the invention, the ratio of the width to the height of the high nickel alloy blank is from 5.0 to 7.5.
應用本發明高鎳合金胚料之製造方法及其應用,其利用彎曲鑄道改變半凝鑄胚之行進方向,而可提升連鑄製程之得料率,並利用調整彎曲鑄道之偏移應變,以進一步抑制所製得高鎳合金胚料之表面產生裂紋,而改善其表面品質。 The invention relates to a manufacturing method and application of the high nickel alloy blank of the invention, which utilizes a curved casting track to change the traveling direction of the semi-coagulated embryo, and can improve the yield of the continuous casting process, and adjust the offset strain of the curved casting track, In order to further suppress cracks on the surface of the obtained high nickel alloy blank, the surface quality is improved.
100‧‧‧方法 100‧‧‧ method
110‧‧‧提供合金鋼液之步驟 110‧‧‧Provide the steps of providing alloy steel
120‧‧‧連鑄製程 120‧‧‧Continuous casting process
121‧‧‧進行結晶步驟之步驟 121‧‧‧Steps for the crystallization step
123‧‧‧進行垂直凝固步驟之步驟 123‧‧‧Steps for the vertical solidification step
125‧‧‧將半凝鑄胚導入彎曲鑄道之步驟 125‧‧‧Steps for introducing semi-coagulated embryos into curved castings
127‧‧‧進行水平矯直步驟之步驟 127‧‧‧Steps for performing the horizontal straightening step
130‧‧‧製得高鎳合金胚料 130‧‧‧High nickel alloy billets
200‧‧‧連鑄系統 200‧‧‧Continuous casting system
200a‧‧‧合金鋼液 200a‧‧‧ alloy steel
201‧‧‧盛鋼桶 201‧‧‧Steel drum
202‧‧‧鋼液分配器 202‧‧‧Steel Liquid Dispenser
203‧‧‧結晶器 203‧‧‧ Crystallizer
204/205/206‧‧‧輥輪 204/205/206‧‧‧Roller
205a‧‧‧軸心 205a‧‧‧Axis
205b‧‧‧表面 205b‧‧‧ surface
207‧‧‧切割器 207‧‧‧Cutter
210/220b‧‧‧鋼液 210/220b‧‧‧Steel
210a/220a‧‧‧凝殼 210a/220a‧‧‧Crust
220‧‧‧半凝鑄胚 220‧‧‧ semi-condensed embryo
230‧‧‧鑄胚 230‧‧‧casting embryo
240‧‧‧高鎳合金胚料 240‧‧‧High nickel alloy billets
250‧‧‧鋼胚 250‧‧‧ steel embryo
260‧‧‧虛擬圓弧 260‧‧‧Virtual arc
D/L‧‧‧距離 D/L‧‧‧ distance
TS‧‧‧厚度 T S ‧‧‧thickness
為了對本發明之實施例及其優點有更完整之理解,現請參照以下之說明並配合相應之圖式。必須強調的是,各種特徵並非依比例描繪且僅係為了圖解目的。相關圖式內容說明如下:〔圖1〕係繪示依照本發明之一實施例之高鎳合金胚料的製造方法之流程圖。 For a more complete understanding of the embodiments of the invention and the advantages thereof, reference should be made to the description below and the accompanying drawings. It must be emphasized that the various features are not drawn to scale and are for illustrative purposes only. The related drawings are described as follows: [Fig. 1] is a flow chart showing a method of manufacturing a high nickel alloy blank according to an embodiment of the present invention.
〔圖2〕係繪示依照本發明之一實施例之高鎳合金胚料的連鑄系統之剖視圖。 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a continuous casting system of a high nickel alloy billet in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
〔圖2a〕係繪示依照本發明之一實施例之半凝鑄胚導入彎曲鑄道時的局部剖視放大圖。 [Fig. 2a] is a partial cross-sectional enlarged view showing a semi-coagulated embryo introduced into a curved casting path according to an embodiment of the present invention.
以下仔細討論本發明實施例之製造和使用。然而,可以理解的是,實施例提供許多可應用的發明概念,其可實施於各式各樣的特定內容中。所討論之特定實施例僅供說明,並非用以限定本發明之範圍。 The making and using of the embodiments of the invention are discussed in detail below. However, it will be appreciated that the embodiments provide many applicable inventive concepts that can be implemented in a wide variety of specific content. The specific embodiments discussed are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
本發明所稱之「過熱度」係指熔融金屬液之溫度與其熔點的差值,且此值應為正值。其次,本發明之「得料率」係指所製得合格可使用之高鎳合金胚料之總重量與所使用合金鋼液的總重量之百分比值。 The term "superheat" as used in the present invention means the difference between the temperature of the molten metal and its melting point, and this value should be a positive value. Next, the "receiving rate" of the present invention means the percentage value of the total weight of the high-nickel alloy billet which is produced and used, and the total weight of the alloy steel used.
請同時參照圖1及圖2,圖1係繪示依照本發明之一實施例之高鎳合金胚料的製造方法之流程圖,且圖2係繪示依照本發明之一實施例之高鎳合金胚料的連鑄系統之剖視圖。在一實施例中,此製造方法100先提供合金鋼液200a,如步驟110所示。 1 and FIG. 2, FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a method for manufacturing a high nickel alloy billet according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a high nickel according to an embodiment of the present invention. A cross-sectional view of a continuous casting system of alloy blanks. In one embodiment, the method of fabrication 100 first provides alloyed steel 200a, as shown in step 110.
於連鑄系統200中,合金鋼液200a係利用盛鋼桶201來運送,並倒入鋼液分配器202。 In the continuous casting system 200, the alloy steel 200a is conveyed by the ladle 201 and poured into the molten steel distributor 202.
基於合金鋼液200a之總重量為100重量百分比(wt%),此合金鋼液200a包含0.02wt%至0.10wt%之碳、不超過1.0wt%之矽、不超過1.50wt%之錳、19.0wt%至25.0wt%之鉻、不超過0.035wt%之磷、不超過0.001wt%之硫、25.0wt%至48.0wt%之鎳、不超過1.5wt%之鈦、不超過1.0wt%之鋁及不超過3.5wt%之銅,且其餘為鐵。 The alloy steel liquid 200a contains 0.02 wt% to 0.10 wt% of carbon, no more than 1.0 wt% of rhodium, no more than 1.50 wt% of manganese, and 19.0, based on 100 wt% (wt%) of the total weight of the alloy steel solution 200a. Wwt% to 25.0 wt% chromium, no more than 0.035 wt% phosphorus, no more than 0.001 wt% sulfur, 25.0 wt% to 48.0 wt% nickel, no more than 1.5 wt% titanium, no more than 1.0 wt% aluminum And no more than 3.5% by weight of copper, and the balance being iron.
本發明之合金鋼液200a可為燃料加熱爐、非真空電爐(Electric Arc Furance;EAF)、真空感應熔煉爐(Vacuum Induction Melting;VIM)或真空電弧熔煉爐(Vacuum Arc Melting;VAM)等熔爐熔煉所形成之合金鋼液200a。 The alloy steel liquid 200a of the present invention may be a furnace melting furnace such as a fuel heating furnace, an electric vacuum furnace (EAF), a vacuum induction melting furnace (VIM) or a vacuum arc melting furnace (VAM). The formed alloy steel solution 200a.
較佳地,前述熔煉爐所得之合金鋼液200a可選擇性地進行氬氣吹氧脫碳(Argon Oxygen Decarburization;AOD)、真空吹氧脫碳(Vacuum Oxygen Decarburization;VOD)、氣體保護電渣重熔(Inert-gas Electro-slag Remelting;IG-ESR)或真空電弧重熔(Vacuum Arc Remelting;VAR)等精煉製程,以避免合金鋼液發生氧化反應或氮化反應,而可抑制合金鋼液200a中之氧化物或氮化物含量,進而避免合金鋼液200a冷凝時產生裂紋。 Preferably, the alloy steel solution 200a obtained by the foregoing melting furnace can selectively perform Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD), Vacuum Oxygen Decarburization (VOD), and gas protection electroslag weight. Refining process such as Inert-gas Electro-slag Remelting (IG-ESR) or Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR) to avoid oxidation or nitridation of alloy steel, but inhibit alloy steel 200a The oxide or nitride content in the alloy prevents cracking in the molten steel 200a.
若前述之碳含量大於0.10wt%時,於後述之連鑄製程中,過多之碳於冷凝過程中易形成碳化物,而使得鋼液表面冷凝所形成之凝殼,被導入彎曲鑄道時易產生裂紋,進而降低所製得高鎳合金胚料之表面品質。 If the carbon content is more than 0.10% by weight, in the continuous casting process described later, excessive carbon is likely to form carbides during the condensation process, and the crust formed by condensation of the molten steel surface is easily introduced into the curved casting channel. Cracks are generated, which in turn reduces the surface quality of the resulting high nickel alloy billet.
若前述之鎳含量小於25.0wt%時,後續所製得之胚料不為高鎳合金胚料,而無法滿足後端應用之高鎳含量的需求。其次,於後述之連鑄製程中,較低之鎳含量會使得其他組成的含量相對提高,而使得鋼液凝固所產生之凝殼,被導入彎曲鑄道時易產生裂紋。 If the aforementioned nickel content is less than 25.0% by weight, the subsequently produced billet is not a high nickel alloy billet and cannot meet the high nickel content requirement of the back end application. Secondly, in the continuous casting process described later, the lower nickel content causes the content of the other components to be relatively increased, and the crust produced by the solidification of the molten steel is liable to be cracked when it is introduced into the curved casting track.
若前述之鈦含量大於1.5wt%時,相同於前述過多之碳含量,過多之鈦亦容易與鋼液中的碳形成碳化物,而使得所製得鋼胚之表面易產生裂紋,或者於澆鑄口氮化形成氮化物堵塞(clogging),而導致澆鑄失敗。 If the titanium content is more than 1.5% by weight, the same as the excessive carbon content, the excessive titanium can easily form carbides with the carbon in the molten steel, so that the surface of the obtained steel embryo is prone to cracking or casting. Mouth nitridation forms nitride clogging, which causes casting failure.
若鋁之含量大於1.0wt%時,過多之鋁易使凝殼之表面形成裂紋,而降低所製得胚料之表面品質,或者於澆鑄口氧化形成氧化物堵塞(clogging),而導致澆鑄失敗。 If the content of aluminum is more than 1.0% by weight, excessive aluminum tends to cause cracks on the surface of the shell, and the surface quality of the obtained billet is lowered, or oxidation of the casting port is formed to form clogging of the oxide, which causes the casting to fail. .
在一實施例中,依據應用需求,前述合金鋼液之各種組成的含量可於範圍內隨意調整,以製得滿足需求之高鎳合金胚料。 In one embodiment, the content of each of the foregoing alloy steels can be arbitrarily adjusted within a range to produce a high nickel alloy billet that meets the demand, depending on the application requirements.
請繼續參照圖1及圖2,進行步驟110後,對合金鋼液200a進行連鑄製程120。 Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, after step 110, the continuous casting process 120 is performed on the alloy steel solution 200a.
在一實施例中,進行連鑄製程120前,此方法100可選擇性地包含添加0.002wt%至0.008wt%之硼至合金鋼液200a中之製程。當合金鋼液200a包含硼時,硼可提升冷凝所形成之凝殼的高溫延展性,而較可承受應力及所引起之應變,進而不易產生裂紋,故可提升所製得高鎳合金胚料的表面品質。 In one embodiment, prior to performing the continuous casting process 120, the method 100 can optionally include a process of adding 0.002 wt% to 0.008 wt% of boron to the alloy steel 200a. When the alloy steel solution 200a contains boron, boron can enhance the high temperature ductility of the condensation formed by the condensation, and can withstand the stress and the strain caused, and thus is less prone to cracking, so that the high nickel alloy billet can be improved. Surface quality.
若前述硼之含量大於0.008wt%時,過多之硼會增加鋼液組成之複雜度,而易使凝殼產生裂紋,進而降低表面品質。若硼之含量小於0.002wt%時,過少之硼則無法產生抑制表面裂紋之效果,而難以提升所製得高鎳合金胚料之表面品質。 If the content of the boron is more than 0.008% by weight, excessive boron increases the complexity of the composition of the molten steel, and easily causes cracks in the crust, thereby lowering the surface quality. If the content of boron is less than 0.002% by weight, too little boron cannot produce an effect of suppressing surface cracking, and it is difficult to improve the surface quality of the obtained high nickel alloy blank.
在另一實施例中,進行連鑄製程120前,若合金鋼液之硼總含量(即合金鋼液之原始硼含量及額外添加之硼含量的總和)為0.002wt%至0.008wt%時,所製得之高鎳合金胚料亦可具有較佳之表面品質。 In another embodiment, before the continuous casting process 120, if the total boron content of the alloy steel solution (ie, the sum of the original boron content of the alloy steel solution and the additional added boron content) is 0.002 wt% to 0.008 wt%, The high nickel alloy blank produced can also have a better surface quality.
在一實施例中,進行連鑄製程120前,此方法100亦可選擇性地包含添加鑄粉至合金鋼液中之製程。此鑄粉可包含碳、氧化鈣、氧化鎂、氧化鈉、氧化鉀、氧化錳、二氧化矽、氧化鋁、二氧化鈦或氧化鐵。 In one embodiment, prior to the continuous casting process 120, the method 100 can optionally include a process of adding cast powder to the alloy steel. The cast powder may comprise carbon, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, manganese oxide, cerium oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide or iron oxide.
較佳地,進行連鑄製程120前,合金鋼液200a於1300℃時之黏度可為0.5泊(poise)至0.9泊。當合金鋼液200a之黏度小於0.5泊時,由於黏度較低之影響,合金鋼液200a則不易藉由連鑄製程120來處理。當合金鋼液200a之黏度大於0.9泊時,黏度過高之合金鋼液200a於冷凝時,表面易產生裂紋,而降低所製得胚料之表面品質。 Preferably, the alloy steel solution 200a has a viscosity of from 0.5 poise to 0.9 poise at 1300 ° C before the continuous casting process 120. When the viscosity of the alloy steel solution 200a is less than 0.5 poise, the alloy steel liquid 200a is not easily treated by the continuous casting process 120 due to the influence of low viscosity. When the viscosity of the alloy steel solution 200a is greater than 0.9 poise, when the alloy steel liquid 200a having too high viscosity is condensed, the surface is liable to be cracked, and the surface quality of the obtained billet is lowered.
進行前述之連鑄製程120前,為了確保合金鋼液200a不會冷凝過快,合金鋼液200a之過熱度較佳可為35℃至65℃,而可於連鑄製程120中,避免合金鋼液200a冷凝所形成之凝殼產生裂紋,進而提升表面品質。 Before the foregoing continuous casting process 120, in order to ensure that the molten steel 200a does not condense too fast, the superheat of the alloy steel 200a may preferably be 35 ° C to 65 ° C, and in the continuous casting process 120, the alloy steel is avoided. The crust formed by the condensation of the liquid 200a generates cracks, thereby improving the surface quality.
前述之連鑄製程120係先對合金鋼液進行結晶步驟,如步驟121所示。當進行結晶步驟時,合金鋼液200a係由鋼液分配器202倒入結晶器203中,以形成表面具有凝殼210a之鋼液210。 The aforementioned continuous casting process 120 is a step of crystallization of the alloy steel liquid, as shown in step 121. When the crystallization step is performed, the alloy steel solution 200a is poured into the crystallizer 203 from the molten steel distributor 202 to form a molten steel 210 having a shell 210a on its surface.
其中,由於鋼液210之表面具有冷凝所形成之凝殼210a,故具有凝殼210a之鋼液210可藉由輥輪204之輸送,接續進行垂直凝固步驟,如步驟123所示。 Wherein, since the surface of the molten steel 210 has the crust 210a formed by condensation, the molten steel 210 having the crust 210a can be transported by the roller 204 to continue the vertical solidification step, as shown in step 123.
進行垂直凝固步驟時,藉由輥輪204之輸送及冷卻,具有凝殼210a之鋼液210可形成半凝鑄胚220。 When the vertical solidification step is performed, the molten steel 210 having the sheath 210a can form the semi-condensed embryo 220 by the conveyance and cooling of the roller 204.
其中,依據所製得高鎳合金胚料250之應用需求及合金鋼液200a之組成,垂直凝固步驟進行之距離可適當地調整,以調整所製得高鎳合金胚料之性能。 Among them, according to the application requirements of the obtained high nickel alloy billet 250 and the composition of the alloy steel liquid 200a, the distance of the vertical solidification step can be appropriately adjusted to adjust the performance of the obtained high nickel alloy billet.
當具有凝殼210a之鋼液210通過輥輪204時,輥輪204之轉速或軋延壓力等參數條件可被調整,以調整鋼液210之冷卻速率與所製得高鎳合金胚料250之尺寸,而可滿足應用之需求。 When the molten steel 210 having the sheath 210a passes through the roller 204, the parameter conditions such as the rotational speed or the rolling pressure of the roller 204 can be adjusted to adjust the cooling rate of the molten steel 210 and the high nickel alloy billet 250 produced. Dimensions to meet the needs of the application.
在一實施例中,前述之結晶步驟及/或垂直凝固步驟可藉由低頻電磁攪拌裝置進行,且此低頻電磁攪拌裝置(未繪示)可設置於結晶器203及/或輥輪204之外圍,以改善鋼液210冷凝時之結晶組織,而改善所製得高鎳合金胚料250之結晶特性。 In one embodiment, the crystallization step and/or the vertical solidification step may be performed by a low frequency electromagnetic stirring device, and the low frequency electromagnetic stirring device (not shown) may be disposed at the periphery of the crystallizer 203 and/or the roller 204. In order to improve the crystal structure of the molten steel 210 when it is condensed, the crystallization characteristics of the obtained high nickel alloy billet 250 are improved.
進行步驟123後,將垂直凝固步驟所形成之半凝鑄胚導入彎曲鑄道中,如步驟125所示。 After step 123, the semi-coagulated embryo formed by the vertical solidification step is introduced into the curved casting track as shown in step 125.
前述之彎曲鑄道係由複數個輥輪205所形成,以使半凝鑄胚220可被彎曲,改變其行進方向(例如:由垂直於地面之向下方向改變為水平於地面之行進方向),以避免裝置之設置位置或空間所引起之限制,而可達到連續鑄造之功效,並提升高鎳合金胚料250之得料率。 The aforementioned curved casting system is formed by a plurality of rollers 205 so that the semi-coagulated embryo 220 can be bent to change its traveling direction (for example, changing from a downward direction perpendicular to the ground to a direction perpendicular to the ground) In order to avoid the limitation caused by the installation position or space of the device, the effect of continuous casting can be achieved, and the yield of the high nickel alloy billet 250 can be improved.
請參照圖2a,其係繪示依照本發明之一實施例之半凝鑄胚導入彎曲鑄道時的局部剖視放大圖。 Referring to FIG. 2a, a partial cross-sectional enlarged view of a semi-coagulated embryo introduced into a curved casting track according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.
當半凝鑄胚220導入彎曲鑄道時,由於輥輪205之偏移量,半凝鑄胚220可被彎曲,並改變其行進方向。輥輪205之偏移量係指,偏移輥輪205之表面205b至彎曲鑄道之曲率所形成的虛擬圓弧260之最小距離D,其中此彎曲鑄道之曲率係依據偏移之輥輪205的前兩個輥輪205所形成之圓弧曲率所決定。其次,前述偏移之輥輪205的前兩個輥輪205的軸心205a間具有一距離L。 When the semi-coagulated embryo 220 is introduced into the curved casting track, the semi-coagulated embryo 220 can be bent and changed in the traveling direction due to the offset of the roller 205. The offset of the roller 205 refers to the minimum distance D of the virtual arc 260 formed by the surface 205b of the offset roller 205 to the curvature of the curved casting track, wherein the curvature of the curved casting track is based on the offset roller. The curvature of the arc formed by the first two rollers 205 of 205 is determined. Next, the axial center 205a of the first two rollers 205 of the offset roller 205 has a distance L therebetween.
前述之半凝鑄胚220包含已冷卻之凝殼220a及未冷卻之鋼液220b,且凝殼220a具有厚度Ts。 Half of the embryo cast 220 comprising a condensate of the cooled solidified shell 220a and 220b without cooling the molten steel and the solidified shell 220a has a thickness T s.
當半凝鑄胚220通過輥輪205時,由於半凝鑄胚220之行進方向被改變,故半凝鑄胚220之凝殼220a會承受應力,並產生應變。其中,依據半凝鑄胚220之彎曲方向,半凝鑄胚220之內側(即靠近彎曲圓弧面之圓心的一側)會因受力產生壓縮應變,而半凝鑄胚220之外側(即遠離彎曲圓弧面之圓心的一側)會因受力產生拉伸應變。 When the semi-coagulated embryo 220 passes through the roller 205, since the traveling direction of the semi-coagulated embryo 220 is changed, the sheath 220a of the semi-coagulated embryo 220 is subjected to stress and strain. Wherein, according to the bending direction of the semi-coagulated embryo 220, the inner side of the semi-coagulated embryo 220 (ie, the side close to the center of the curved arc surface) is subjected to compressive strain due to the force, and the outer side of the semi-coagulated embryo 220 (ie, The side away from the center of the curved arc surface will produce tensile strain due to the force.
為了避免前述之壓縮應變及拉伸應變造成半凝鑄胚220之凝殼220a產生裂紋,彎曲鑄道之偏移應變較佳係小於0.5%,且小於或等於0.3%。 In order to avoid the above-mentioned compressive strain and tensile strain causing cracks in the sheath 220a of the semi-coagulated embryo 220, the offset strain of the curved casting track is preferably less than 0.5% and less than or equal to 0.3%.
彎曲鑄道之偏移應變係依據下述式(I)計算所得:
於式(I)中,ε M代表彎曲鑄道之偏移應變,S代表半凝鑄胚220之凝殼220a的厚度Ts,δ M代表輥輪之偏移量距離D,且l代表前述之距離L。 In the formula (I), ε M represents the offset strain of the curved cast track, S represents the thickness T s of the sheath 220a of the semi-coagulated embryo 220, δ M represents the offset distance D of the roller, and l represents the foregoing The distance L.
當前述之偏移應變不小於0.5%時,彎曲鑄道之偏移應變過大,而易使得半凝鑄胚220之凝殼220a的表面因彎曲曲率過大,進而產生裂紋,因此降低所製得高鎳合金胚料之表面品質。 When the aforementioned offset strain is not less than 0.5%, the offset strain of the curved casting track is excessively large, and the surface of the shell 220a of the semi-coagulated embryo 220 is liable to be excessively curved due to the bending curvature, thereby generating cracks, thereby reducing the height. Surface quality of nickel alloy billets.
在一實施例中,前述之彎曲鑄道可由單點矯直彎曲型之一個圓弧或多點矯直彎曲型之複數個圓弧所構成。換言之,彎曲鑄道可具有一種彎曲曲率或至少2種彎曲曲率。 In one embodiment, the aforementioned curved casting track may be formed by a circular arc of a single point straightening type or a plurality of arcs of a multi-point straightening type. In other words, the curved cast track can have a curved curvature or at least 2 bending curvatures.
在一實施例中,當合金鋼液之硼含量小於0.002wt%時,為了確保所製得之高鎳合金胚料具有較佳之表面品質,彎曲鑄道之鑄道應變較佳係不超過0.2%。 In one embodiment, when the boron content of the alloy steel liquid is less than 0.002% by weight, in order to ensure a better surface quality of the obtained high nickel alloy billet, the strain of the curved cast track is preferably not more than 0.2%. .
請同時參照圖2及圖2a,當半凝鑄胚220被導入彎曲鑄道時,隨著輥輪205之輸送,半凝鑄胚220中之鋼液220b會逐漸冷卻凝固,形成鑄胚230。 Referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 2a at the same time, when the semi-coagulated embryo 220 is introduced into the curved casting track, the molten steel 220b in the semi-condensed casting preform 220 gradually cools and solidifies as the roller 205 is conveyed, thereby forming the casting blank 230.
由於半凝鑄胚220係於彎曲鑄道中凝固為鑄胚230,故鑄胚230之外形略為彎曲。為了後端應用之需求及倉儲運輸之便利性,鑄胚230係接著進行水平矯直步驟,即可形成高鎳合金胚料240,如圖1之步驟127及步驟130所示。 Since the semi-coagulated embryo 220 is solidified into the casting blank 230 in the curved casting path, the outer shape of the casting blank 230 is slightly curved. For the needs of the back end application and the convenience of storage and transportation, the casting 230 is then subjected to a horizontal straightening step to form a high nickel alloy blank 240, as shown in steps 127 and 130 of FIG.
於水平矯直步驟中,藉由輥輪206之推送軋延,鑄胚230可形成外形直平之高鎳合金胚料240。 In the horizontal straightening step, by the push rolling of the roller 206, the casting blank 230 can form a high nickel alloy blank 240 having a straight shape.
當進行水平矯直步驟時,鑄胚230之表面溫度不低於800℃,而可進行水平矯直。若鑄胚230之表面溫度小於800℃時,鑄胚230會因溫度較低而不易矯直,且溫度較低之鑄胚230易因矯直產生裂紋,而降低高鎳合金胚料240之表面品質。 When the horizontal straightening step is performed, the surface temperature of the casting blank 230 is not lower than 800 ° C, and horizontal straightening can be performed. If the surface temperature of the casting 230 is less than 800 ° C, the casting 230 may not be straightened due to low temperature, and the lower temperature casting 230 may be susceptible to cracking due to straightening, and the surface of the high nickel alloy blank 240 may be lowered. quality.
在一具體例中,所製得之高鎳合金胚料240之寬度與高度之比例較佳可為5.0至7.5。依據應用之需求,高鎳合金胚料240之寬度與高度之比例亦可隨之調整,而可製作適當尺寸之胚料。 In one embodiment, the ratio of the width to the height of the high nickel alloy blank 240 produced may preferably be from 5.0 to 7.5. Depending on the application requirements, the ratio of the width to the height of the high nickel alloy blank 240 can be adjusted accordingly to produce a suitable size of the blank.
基於高鎳合金胚料240為100%,高鎳合金胚料240包含至少95%之沃斯田鐵相,而具有良好之力學性能及抗高溫潛變等特性。在一實施例中,本發明之高鎳合金胚料較佳可為具有鋁及鈦之高強度沃斯田鐵系合金。在另一實施例中,本發明所揭示之製造方法亦可用以製作沃斯田鐵相之含量小於95%的胚料,或者具有其他結晶組織之胚料,而可提升此些胚料之得料率。 Based on the high nickel alloy billet 240 being 100%, the high nickel alloy billet 240 contains at least 95% of the Vostian iron phase, and has good mechanical properties and resistance to high temperature creep. In one embodiment, the high nickel alloy blank of the present invention may preferably be a high strength Worthfield iron alloy having aluminum and titanium. In another embodiment, the manufacturing method disclosed in the present invention can also be used to prepare a billet having a content of less than 95% of the iron phase of the Vostian, or a billet having other crystal structures, and the billet can be raised. Material rate.
在一實施例中,前述之半凝鑄胚220經過彎曲鑄道後,半凝鑄胚220之鋼液220b亦可未完全凝固,而使得所形成之鑄胚230中仍具有部份未凝固之鋼液,進而使得輥輪206可更容易地水平矯直鑄胚230,故可避免因矯直產生裂紋。 In one embodiment, after the semi-coagulated embryo 220 is bent through the curved casting track, the molten steel 220b of the semi-coagulated embryo 220 may not be completely solidified, so that the formed casting 230 still has partially unsolidified steel. The liquid, in turn, allows the roller 206 to more easily straighten the casting 230, thereby avoiding cracking due to straightening.
請參照圖2,所製得之高鎳合金胚料240可藉由切割器207切斷,以形成鋼胚250,而可應用於相關之特殊合金材料領域。 Referring to FIG. 2, the prepared high nickel alloy billet 240 can be cut by a cutter 207 to form a steel blank 250, which can be applied to the related special alloy material field.
在一具體例中,利用本發明所揭示之高鎳合金胚料之製造方法,高鎳合金胚料之得料率可為90%至98%。 In a specific example, the high nickel alloy billet may have a yield of 90% to 98% by the method for producing a high nickel alloy billet disclosed by the present invention.
以下利用實施例以說明本發明之應用,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何熟習此技藝者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作各種之更動與潤飾。 The following examples are used to illustrate the application of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and refinements can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
製備例1及製備例2之合金鋼液係採用藉由非真空電爐熔煉,並經氬氣吹氧脫碳處理所製得之合金鋼液。製備例1及製備例2之合金鋼液的組成如第1表所示,在此不另贅述。其中,製備例1及製備例2之合金鋼液的硼含量均不超過0.0003wt%。 The alloy steel liquids of Preparation Example 1 and Preparation Example 2 were an alloy steel liquid obtained by smelting in a non-vacuum electric furnace and subjected to argon gas oxygen decarburization treatment. The composition of the alloy steel liquid of Preparation Example 1 and Preparation Example 2 is as shown in Table 1, and will not be further described herein. The boron content of the alloy steel solutions of Preparation Example 1 and Preparation Example 2 did not exceed 0.0003 wt%.
首先,將製備例1之合金鋼液以盛鋼桶倒至鋼液分配器中,其中合金鋼液之過熱度為45℃,且黏度為0.76泊(於1300℃時)。然後,由鋼液分配器將合金鋼液倒入結晶器中,以進行結晶步驟,並進行接續之垂直凝固步驟,而形成半凝鑄胚。 First, the alloy steel solution of Preparation Example 1 was poured into a steel liquid distributor in a steel ladle, wherein the alloy steel liquid had a superheat degree of 45 ° C and a viscosity of 0.76 poise (at 1300 ° C). Then, the alloy steel liquid is poured into the crystallizer by the molten steel distributor to carry out the crystallization step, and the subsequent vertical solidification step is carried out to form a semi-coagulated embryo.
接著,將半凝鑄胚導入彎曲鑄道中,以形成鑄胚,並藉由彎曲鑄道之輥輪的推送,改變鑄胚之行進方向,其中彎曲鑄道之鑄道應變為0.1%。 Next, the semi-coagulated embryos are introduced into the curved casting track to form a casting blank, and the traveling direction of the casting blank is changed by bending the roller of the curved casting path, wherein the casting path strain of the curved casting track is 0.1%.
之後,對鑄胚進行水平矯直步驟,即可製得實施例1之高鎳合金胚料。所製得之高鎳合金胚料以下述表面品質之評價方式進行評價,所得結果如第2表所示。 Thereafter, the high-nickel alloy billet of Example 1 was obtained by subjecting the cast embryo to a horizontal straightening step. The obtained high nickel alloy billet was evaluated by the following surface quality evaluation method, and the obtained result is shown in Table 2.
實施例2及比較例1至比較例5係使用與實施例1之連鑄製程相同之流程步驟,不同之處在於實施例2及比較例1至比較例5係改變合金鋼液之組成與其條件,以及彎曲鑄道之鑄道應變,且其條件及評價結果如第2表所示,在此不另贅述。 Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 5 were the same as the continuous casting process of Example 1, except that Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 5 were used to change the composition and condition of the molten steel of the alloy. And the casting path strain of the curved casting track, and the conditions and evaluation results are shown in Table 2, and will not be further described herein.
實施例1與實施例2及比較例1至比較例5所製得高鎳合金胚料之表面品質係藉由目視之方式,觀察胚料之表面是否有裂紋,並依據下列基準進行評價,其中「縱向」係代表平行於胚料之行進方向的方向,且「橫向」代表垂直於胚料之行進方向的方向: The surface quality of the high nickel alloy blank prepared in Example 1 and Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 5 was observed by visual observation to see if there was any crack on the surface of the blank, and evaluated according to the following criteria, wherein "Longitudinal" represents the direction parallel to the direction of travel of the blank, and "lateral" represents the direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of the blank:
○:表面無明顯裂紋。 ○: There is no obvious crack on the surface.
△:胚料僅縱向具有裂紋。 △: The billet has cracks only in the longitudinal direction.
×:胚料之縱向及橫向均具有裂紋。 ×: The billet has cracks in both the longitudinal direction and the lateral direction.
請參照第1表及第2表,藉由本發明所載包含彎曲鑄道之連鑄製程可成功澆鑄出高鎳合金胚料,而可減少設備之配置空間,並提升高鎳合金胚料之得料率。其中,比較例2之合金鋼液的過熱度較低,故合金鋼液較易冷卻固化,而使得局部之澆鑄口固化堵塞,導致澆鑄失敗。 Referring to Tables 1 and 2, the high nickel alloy blank can be successfully cast by the continuous casting process including the curved casting track, which can reduce the arrangement space of the equipment and improve the high nickel alloy billet. Material rate. Among them, the alloy steel of Comparative Example 2 has a low degree of superheat, so that the alloy steel liquid is relatively easy to be cooled and solidified, and the local casting port is solidified and clogged, resulting in failure of casting.
當合金鋼液未添加硼時(請參照實施例1及比較例4),雖然實施例1及比較例4均可成功澆鑄高鎳合金胚料,惟比較例4之彎曲鑄道的鑄道應變過大,而使所製得高鎳合金胚料之表面具有較多縱向及橫向之裂紋,進而降低其表面品質,因此無法滿足高鎳合金胚料軋延之要求。 When the alloy steel solution was not added with boron (please refer to Example 1 and Comparative Example 4), although both of Example 1 and Comparative Example 4 could successfully cast the high nickel alloy blank, the casting strain of the curved casting of Comparative Example 4 was obtained. If the surface of the high-nickel alloy billet is too large, the surface of the high-nickel alloy billet has many longitudinal and transverse cracks, thereby lowering the surface quality, and thus cannot meet the requirements of high-nickel alloy billet rolling.
於比較例1中,較高之過熱度雖可避免合金鋼液冷凝過快,惟溫度過高(大於65℃)之合金鋼液亦不易冷卻形成凝殼,而減小凝殼之厚度,進而於連鑄製程中使得胚料之表面容易產生裂紋。 In Comparative Example 1, the higher superheat degree can avoid the alloy steel liquid condensing too fast, but the alloy steel liquid with too high temperature (greater than 65 ° C) is not easy to cool to form a shell, and the thickness of the shell is reduced, thereby further In the continuous casting process, the surface of the billet is prone to cracks.
於連鑄過程中,經過輥輪之轉送及彎曲鑄道的偏移時,受到壓縮應變及拉伸應變之影響,凝殼易產生微小裂紋,惟比較例3之合金鋼液因黏度較高而不易流動,無法均勻分佈於鋼胚表面來達成保溫與保護鋼胚表面之效果,故所製得高鎳合金胚料之表面具有較多之裂紋,而降低其表面品質。 During the continuous casting process, when the transfer of the roller and the deflection of the curved casting path are affected by the compressive strain and the tensile strain, the shell is prone to micro cracks, but the alloy steel of Comparative Example 3 has a high viscosity. It is not easy to flow and cannot be evenly distributed on the surface of the steel embryo to achieve the effect of heat preservation and protection of the surface of the steel embryo. Therefore, the surface of the high nickel alloy blank produced has more cracks and lowers the surface quality.
於比較例5中,由於彎曲鑄道之偏移應變過大,而使得半凝鑄胚受到過大之壓縮應變及拉伸應變,進而使所製得高鎳合金胚料之表面具有較多之裂紋,因此降低其表面品質。 In Comparative Example 5, since the offset strain of the curved casting track is too large, the semi-condensed embryo is subjected to excessive compressive strain and tensile strain, so that the surface of the obtained high-nickel alloy billet has more cracks. Therefore, the surface quality is lowered.
據此,本發明藉由調整合金鋼液之組成及校正鑄道等技術手段提升連鑄製程之得料率。故,本發明所載之製造方法可連續澆鑄製得高鎳合金胚料,且由於本發明之連鑄製程包含彎曲鑄道,故本發明之製造方法可具有較高之得料率,且設備之空間配置亦具有較大之彈性。 Accordingly, the present invention improves the yield of the continuous casting process by adjusting the composition of the alloy steel liquid and correcting the casting path. Therefore, the manufacturing method of the present invention can be continuously cast to produce a high nickel alloy billet, and since the continuous casting process of the present invention comprises a curved casting pass, the manufacturing method of the present invention can have a higher yield and equipment. The space configuration also has greater flexibility.
其次,當前述彎曲鑄道之偏移應變惟前述之範圍時,本發明之製造方法可製得表面品質較佳之高鎳合金胚料,而可滿足接續軋延製程之需求,進而符合各種後端應用之需求。 Secondly, when the offset strain of the curved casting track is only the above range, the manufacturing method of the invention can produce a high nickel alloy blank with better surface quality, and can meet the requirements of the continuous rolling process, thereby conforming to various back ends. Application needs.
雖然本發明已以實施方式揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,在本發明所屬技術領域中任何具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作各種之更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 The present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains can make various changes without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is therefore defined by the scope of the appended claims.
100‧‧‧方法 100‧‧‧ method
110‧‧‧提供合金鋼液之步驟 110‧‧‧Provide the steps of providing alloy steel
120‧‧‧連鑄製程 120‧‧‧Continuous casting process
121‧‧‧進行結晶步驟之步驟 121‧‧‧Steps for the crystallization step
123‧‧‧進行垂直凝固步驟之步驟 123‧‧‧Steps for the vertical solidification step
125‧‧‧將半凝鑄胚導入彎曲鑄道之步驟 125‧‧‧Steps for introducing semi-coagulated embryos into curved castings
127‧‧‧進行水平矯直步驟之步驟 127‧‧‧Steps for performing the horizontal straightening step
130‧‧‧製得高鎳合金胚料 130‧‧‧High nickel alloy billets
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KR20030039867A (en) * | 2001-11-16 | 2003-05-22 | 주식회사 포스코 | A continuous casting process of the steel containing high Ni for LNG tanks |
KR20040011015A (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2004-02-05 | 주식회사 포스코 | method of manufacturing high Ni alloy steel with good surface quality |
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KR20040011015A (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2004-02-05 | 주식회사 포스코 | method of manufacturing high Ni alloy steel with good surface quality |
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