TWI576444B - Lead-free brass alloy - Google Patents
Lead-free brass alloy Download PDFInfo
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- TWI576444B TWI576444B TW105126821A TW105126821A TWI576444B TW I576444 B TWI576444 B TW I576444B TW 105126821 A TW105126821 A TW 105126821A TW 105126821 A TW105126821 A TW 105126821A TW I576444 B TWI576444 B TW I576444B
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本發明是關於一種無鉛黃銅合金，特別是一種兼具抗脫鋅及良好加工性的無鉛黃銅合金。The present invention relates to a lead-free brass alloy, and more particularly to a lead-free brass alloy which is resistant to dezincification and good processability.
黃銅(銅鋅合金)具有良好的導電性、導熱性及機械性質，因此廣泛地應用於水龍頭、水管、鎖具或鐘錶等五金產品，一般會添加1-3 wt%的鉛(Pb)以使黃銅具有良好的切削性、耐腐蝕性(抗脫鋅)、耐磨性及機械性能等，因此含鉛黃銅可符合各種零組件的加工要求，然而於製造或使用含鉛黃銅的過程中溶出的鉛會嚴重危害人體健康，各國已相繼限制含鉛黃銅的鉛含量或禁止使用含鉛黃銅，因此發展具有良好加工性及耐腐蝕性的無鉛黃銅為本領域之一重要課題。Brass (copper-zinc alloy) has good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties, so it is widely used in hardware products such as faucets, water pipes, locks or clocks. It usually adds 1-3 wt% of lead (Pb) to make Brass has good machinability, corrosion resistance (dezincification resistance), wear resistance and mechanical properties, so leaded brass can meet the processing requirements of various components, but the process of manufacturing or using leaded brass Lead dissolved in the body will seriously endanger human health. Countries have restricted the lead content of lead-containing brass or prohibited the use of lead-containing brass. Therefore, the development of lead-free brass with good processability and corrosion resistance is an important topic in the field. .
本發明之主要目的在於提供一種無鉛黃銅合金，其包含62.5-65 wt%的銅(Cu)、0.02-0.06 wt %的鋁(Al)、0.03-0.09 wt%的磷(P)、0.3-0.9 wt%的錫(Sn)、0.05-0.15 wt%的硒(Se)、0.001-0.003 wt%的硼(B)、其餘為鋅(Zn)及不可避免之雜質。The main object of the present invention is to provide a lead-free brass alloy comprising 62.5-65 wt% of copper (Cu), 0.02-0.06 wt% of aluminum (Al), 0.03-0.09 wt% of phosphorus (P), 0.3- 0.9 wt% tin (Sn), 0.05-0.15 wt% selenium (Se), 0.001-0.003 wt% boron (B), the balance zinc (Zn) and unavoidable impurities.
本發明之該無鉛黃銅合金藉由添加鋁以提高鑄造性能，添加磷、錫及硼以提高抗脫鋅性，添加硒以取代鉛，作為切削斷點以提高切削性，因此本發明之該無鉛黃銅合金可同時兼具抗脫鋅性及良好加工性，此外，由於本發明之該無鉛黃銅合金對人體無害，且可符合各國的檢驗規範，因此可廣泛地應用於各種五金材料，特別是與廚衛相關的水五金材料。The lead-free brass alloy of the present invention is improved in casting performance by adding aluminum, phosphorus, tin and boron are added to improve dezincification resistance, and selenium is added instead of lead as a cutting break point to improve machinability, so the present invention The lead-free brass alloy can simultaneously have both dezincification resistance and good processability. In addition, since the lead-free brass alloy of the present invention is harmless to the human body and can meet the inspection specifications of various countries, it can be widely applied to various hardware materials. Especially the water hardware materials related to kitchen and bathroom.
本發明提供一種無鉛黃銅合金，其兼具抗脫鋅及良好加工性，較佳地，該無鉛黃銅合金包含62.5-65 wt%的銅(Cu)、0.02-0.06 wt %的鋁(Al)、0.03-0.09 wt%的磷(P)、0.3-0.9 wt%的錫(Sn)、0.05-0.15 wt%的硒(Se)、0.001-0.003 wt%的硼(B)、其餘為鋅(Zn)及不可避免之雜質。The present invention provides a lead-free brass alloy which is resistant to both dezincification and good processability. Preferably, the lead-free brass alloy comprises 62.5-65 wt% of copper (Cu) and 0.02-0.06 wt% of aluminum (Al). ), 0.03-0.09 wt% phosphorus (P), 0.3-0.9 wt% tin (Sn), 0.05-0.15 wt% selenium (Se), 0.001-0.003 wt% boron (B), and the balance zinc ( Zn) and unavoidable impurities.
在另一實施例中，該無鉛黃銅合金包含62.5-65 wt%的銅(Cu)、0.02-0.06 wt %的鋁(Al)、0.03-0.09 wt%的磷(P)、0.3-0.9 wt%的錫(Sn)、0.05-0.15 wt%的硒(Se)、0.001-0.003 wt%的硼(B)、0.03-0.09 wt%的鉻(Cr)、其餘為鋅(Zn)及不可避免之雜質。In another embodiment, the lead-free brass alloy comprises 62.5-65 wt% copper (Cu), 0.02-0.06 wt% aluminum (Al), 0.03-0.09 wt% phosphorus (P), 0.3-0.9 wt. % tin (Sn), 0.05-0.15 wt% selenium (Se), 0.001-0.003 wt% boron (B), 0.03-0.09 wt% chromium (Cr), the balance is zinc (Zn) and inevitable Impurities.
在另一實施例中，該無鉛黃銅合金包含62.5-65 wt%的銅(Cu)、0.02-0.06 wt %的鋁(Al)、0.03-0.09 wt%的磷(P)、0.3-0.9 wt%的錫(Sn)、0.05-0.15 wt%的硒(Se)、0.001-0.003 wt%的硼(B)、0.03-0.09 wt%的錳(Mn)、其餘為鋅(Zn)及不可避免之雜質。In another embodiment, the lead-free brass alloy comprises 62.5-65 wt% copper (Cu), 0.02-0.06 wt% aluminum (Al), 0.03-0.09 wt% phosphorus (P), 0.3-0.9 wt. % tin (Sn), 0.05-0.15 wt% selenium (Se), 0.001-0.003 wt% boron (B), 0.03-0.09 wt% manganese (Mn), the balance is zinc (Zn) and unavoidable Impurities.
在另一實施例中，該無鉛黃銅合金包含62.5-65 wt%的銅(Cu)、0.02-0.06 wt %的鋁(Al)、0.03-0.09 wt%的磷(P)、0.3-0.9 wt%的錫(Sn)、0.05-0.15 wt%的硒(Se)、0.001-0.003 wt%的硼(B)、0.03-0.09 wt%的鉻(Cr)、0.03-0.09 wt%的錳(Mn)、其餘為鋅(Zn)及不可避免之雜質。In another embodiment, the lead-free brass alloy comprises 62.5-65 wt% copper (Cu), 0.02-0.06 wt% aluminum (Al), 0.03-0.09 wt% phosphorus (P), 0.3-0.9 wt. % tin (Sn), 0.05-0.15 wt% selenium (Se), 0.001-0.003 wt% boron (B), 0.03-0.09 wt% chromium (Cr), 0.03-0.09 wt% manganese (Mn) The rest are zinc (Zn) and unavoidable impurities.
其中，鋁(Al)用以提高該無鉛黃銅合金的鑄造性能，如強度或硬度等，磷(P)、錫(Sn)及硼(B)用以抑制該無鉛黃銅合金脫鋅，以提高該無鉛黃銅合金的抗腐蝕性，此外，硼(B)具有細化晶粒之功效，可使金屬間化合物分散分佈，硒(Se)用以提高該無鉛黃銅合金的機械性質，如切削性等，其中，硒(Se)為人體必須微量元素，因此該無鉛黃銅合金中所含的微量硒並不會危害人體健康，且硒於合金中的固溶量低，因此硒係以奈米顆粒的形式存在於該黃銅合金中，取代鉛作為切削斷點，以達到斷屑的效果，可避免該無鉛黃銅合金於切削過程中產生捲屑，較佳地，鉻(Cr)及錳(Mn)亦用以提高該無鉛黃銅合金的機械性質。Among them, aluminum (Al) is used to improve the casting properties of the lead-free brass alloy, such as strength or hardness, and phosphorus (P), tin (Sn) and boron (B) are used to suppress dezincification of the lead-free brass alloy. Improving the corrosion resistance of the lead-free brass alloy, in addition, boron (B) has the effect of refining crystal grains, which can disperse the intermetallic compound, and selenium (Se) is used to improve the mechanical properties of the lead-free brass alloy, such as Machinability, etc., wherein selenium (Se) is a trace element in the human body, so the trace amount of selenium contained in the lead-free brass alloy does not endanger human health, and selenium is low in solid solution in the alloy, so selenium is The form of nanoparticle is present in the brass alloy, replacing lead as a cutting break point to achieve the effect of chip breaking, and the lead-free brass alloy can be prevented from generating chips during the cutting process, preferably, chromium (Cr) And manganese (Mn) is also used to improve the mechanical properties of the lead-free brass alloy.
本發明之該無鉛黃銅合金係以水平連續鑄造法所製得之一鑄造物，該鑄造物係以塑性加工法製備一塑性加工物，該塑性加工物可為擠型加工物或拉伸加工物，較佳地，該塑性加工物為一易切削棒材。The lead-free brass alloy of the present invention is a casting obtained by a horizontal continuous casting method, and the casting is prepared by a plastic working method, and the plastic working material can be an extruded product or a drawing process. Preferably, the plastic worked article is a free-cutting bar.
請參閱第1圖，其為該無鉛黃銅合金元素配比設計表，單位為重量百分比(wt%)，接著，請參閱下表，其為習知含鉛黃銅配比，單位為重量百分比(wt%)： <TABLE border="1" borderColor="#000000" width="_0001"><TBODY><tr><td> </td><td> 銅(Cu) </td><td> 鉛(Pb) </td><td> 鐵(Fe) </td><td> 錫(Sn) </td><td> 鋅(Zn) </td></tr><tr><td> C37700 </td><td> 57-61 </td><td> 1.0-2.5 </td><td> 鐵+錫＜1.0 </td><td> Bal </td></tr><tr><td> C36000 </td><td> 60-63 </td><td> 2.-3.7 </td><td> ＜0.35 </td><td> --- </td><td> Bal </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> 銅(Cu) </td><td> 鉛(Pb) </td><td> 矽(Si) </td><td> 磷(P) </td><td> 鋅(Zn) </td></tr><tr><td> C69300 </td><td> 75 </td><td> 0.09 </td><td> 3.0 </td><td> 0.1 </td><td> Bal </td></tr><tr><td> C27450 </td><td> 62.5 </td><td> 0.25 </td><td> --- </td><td> --- </td><td> Bal </td></tr></TBODY></TABLE>習知含鉛黃銅合金C37700、C36000、C69300及C27450作為對照組，與實施例1至6之該無鉛黃銅合金進行耐腐蝕性及機械性質的比較。 Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a ratio design table of the lead-free brass alloy in weight percent (wt%). Next, please refer to the following table, which is a conventional lead-containing brass ratio in weight percentage. (wt%): <TABLE border="1" borderColor="#000000" width="_0001"><TBODY><tr><td> </td><td> Copper (Cu) </td><td> Lead (Pb) </td><td> iron (Fe) </td><td> tin (Sn) </td><td> zinc (Zn) </td></tr><tr><td> C37700 </ Td><td> 57-61 </td><td> 1.0-2.5 </td><td> iron + tin <1.0 </td><td> Bal </td></tr><tr>< Td> C36000 </td><td> 60-63 </td><td> 2.-3.7 </td><td> <0.35 </td><td> --- </td><td> Bal </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> copper (Cu) </td><td> lead (Pb) </td><td> 矽(Si) </ Td><td> phosphorus(P) </td><td> zinc(Zn) </td></tr><tr><td> C69300 </td><td> 75 </td><td> 0.09 </td><td> 3.0 </td><td> 0.1 </td><td> Bal </td></tr><tr><td> C27450 </td><td> 62.5 </ Td><td> 0.25 </td><td> --- </td><td> --- </td><td> Bal </td></tr></TBODY></TABLE> Conventional lead-containing brass alloys C37700, C36000, C69300, and C27450 were used as a control group, and the lead-free brass alloys of Examples 1 to 6 were compared for corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.
請參閱第2圖，其為實施例1-6及習知含鉛黃銅合金之耐腐蝕性及機械性質試驗結果，為了瞭解該無鉛黃銅合金與習知含鉛黃銅合金的差異，本發明係依據AS2345抗脫鋅標準規範進行脫鋅腐蝕試驗，測量其脫鋅深度以取得平均脫鋅值(μm)，其脫鋅深度量測金相圖如第3圖所示，並依據ASTM E8金屬材料拉伸試驗法進行拉伸試驗，以拉伸強度(MPa)及延伸率(%)表示其機械性質。Please refer to FIG. 2 , which is a test result of corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of the examples 1-6 and the conventional lead-containing brass alloy. In order to understand the difference between the lead-free brass alloy and the conventional lead-containing brass alloy, The invention is based on the AS2345 anti-zincification standard specification for dezincification corrosion test, measuring the dezincification depth to obtain the average dezincification value (μm), and the dezincification depth measurement metallographic diagram is shown in Fig. 3, and according to ASTM E8 The tensile test of the tensile test of the metal material was carried out, and the mechanical properties were expressed by tensile strength (MPa) and elongation (%).
請參閱第2圖，由脫鋅腐蝕試驗結果可得知，實施例1至6之該無鉛黃銅合金的平均脫鋅深度明顯低於100 μm，表示本發明之該無鉛黃銅合金符合AS2345抗脫鋅標準規範，具有良好的耐腐蝕性，且實施例1至6之該無鉛黃銅合金的平均脫鋅深度明顯低於含鉛黃銅合金C37700、C36000及C27450，表示實施例1-6之該無鉛黃銅合金的抗脫鋅性優於含鉛黃銅合金C37700、C36000及C27450，此外，實施例1至6之該無鉛黃銅合金的銅含量低於C69300，而其平均脫鋅值與高銅含量的C69300相近，表示本發明之該無鉛黃銅合金相較於C69300具有較高的成本優勢。Referring to FIG. 2, it can be seen from the results of the dezincification corrosion test that the average dezincification depth of the lead-free brass alloys of Examples 1 to 6 is significantly lower than 100 μm, indicating that the lead-free brass alloy of the present invention conforms to AS2345 resistance. The dezincification standard specification has good corrosion resistance, and the average dezincification depth of the lead-free brass alloys of Examples 1 to 6 is significantly lower than that of the lead-containing brass alloys C37700, C36000 and C27450, which represent Examples 1-6. The lead-free brass alloy has better dezincification resistance than the lead-containing brass alloys C37700, C36000 and C27450. In addition, the lead-free brass alloys of Examples 1 to 6 have a copper content lower than C69300, and the average dezincification value thereof is The high copper content of C69300 is similar, indicating that the lead-free brass alloy of the present invention has a higher cost advantage than C69300.
由拉伸試驗結果可得知，實施例1至6之該無鉛黃銅合金的拉伸強度皆相當於含鉛黃銅合金C37700及C36000，且實施例1至6之該無鉛黃銅合金的延伸率不小於45%，亦相當於含鉛黃銅合金C37700、C36000、C69300及C27450的延伸率，由此可得知，本發明之該無鉛黃銅合金確實具有良好的機械加工性質。It can be seen from the tensile test results that the tensile strength of the lead-free brass alloys of Examples 1 to 6 is equivalent to the lead-containing brass alloys C37700 and C36000, and the extension of the lead-free brass alloy of Examples 1 to 6 The rate is not less than 45%, which is equivalent to the elongation of lead-containing brass alloys C37700, C36000, C69300 and C27450. From this, it can be known that the lead-free brass alloy of the present invention does have good mechanical processing properties.
請參閱第4及5圖，其為實施例1至6之該無鉛黃銅合金及對照阻C37700之熱鍛可成形性試驗結果，實施例1-6及C37700試片係於不同高溫環境下進行圓柱壓縮試驗，以使圓柱試片之變形量分別達到45%、52.5%及60%，接著分別觀察壓縮後的試片是否產生裂痕，以瞭解實施例1-6及C37700之可成形性(可鍛性)。Please refer to FIGS. 4 and 5 , which are the results of the hot forging formability test of the lead-free brass alloys of Examples 1 to 6 and the control resist C37700, and the test pieces of Examples 1-6 and C37700 are subjected to different high temperature environments. Cylindrical compression test, so that the deformation amount of the cylindrical test piece reached 45%, 52.5% and 60%, respectively, and then observed whether the compressed test piece produced cracks, to understand the formability of Examples 1-6 and C37700 ( Forging).
請參閱第4及5圖，由圓柱壓縮試驗結果可得知，實施例3之可成形性最佳，僅於570℃環境下且變形量達到60%時產生裂痕，其次為實施例1，僅於570℃環境下且變形量達到52.5%及60%時產生裂痕，而C37700則是於570℃環境下且變形量達到45%、52.5%及60%時皆產生裂痕，由此可知，本發明之該無鉛黃銅合金確實具有良好的可成形性。Referring to Figures 4 and 5, it can be seen from the results of the cylindrical compression test that the formability of Example 3 is optimal, and cracks are generated only in the environment of 570 ° C and the deformation amount reaches 60%, followed by Example 1, only When the deformation is 52.5% and 60% in the environment of 570 ° C, cracks occur, and C37700 is cracked in the environment of 570 ° C and the deformation amounts are 45%, 52.5% and 60%, and thus the present invention is known. The lead-free brass alloy does have good formability.
由上述說明可知，本發明之該無鉛黃銅合金可符合各國安全檢驗規範，且具有良好的抗脫鋅性、可成形性及易切削性，因此可取代習知的含鉛黃銅以廣泛應用於五金產品。It can be seen from the above description that the lead-free brass alloy of the present invention can meet the national safety inspection specifications, has good resistance to dezincification, formability and machinability, and thus can replace the conventional lead-containing brass for wide application. For hardware products.
本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準，任何熟知此項技藝者，在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內所作之任何變化與修改，均屬於本發明之保護範圍。The scope of the present invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims, and any changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention are within the scope of the present invention. .
無no
第1圖：依據本發明之較佳實施例，一種無鉛黃銅合金之元素配比設計表。 第2圖：依據本發明之較佳實施例，該無鉛黃銅合金之耐腐蝕性及機械性質試驗結果。 第3圖：依據本發明之較佳實施例，該無鉛黃銅合金之脫鋅深度量測金相圖。 第4圖：依據本發明之較佳實施例，該無鉛黃銅合金之可成形性試驗結果。 第5圖：依據本發明之較佳實施例，該無鉛黃銅合金之可成形性試驗結果。Figure 1 is a diagram showing the elemental ratio design of a lead-free brass alloy in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2: Test results of corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of the lead-free brass alloy in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3: A metallographic diagram of the dezincification depth of the lead-free brass alloy in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4: Results of the formability test of the lead-free brass alloy in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5: Results of the formability test of the lead-free brass alloy in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
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| TW200521254A (en) * | 2003-09-19 | 2005-07-01 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | Copper alloy and method for production thereof |
| CN103930576A (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2014-07-16 | 株式会社豊山 | Leadless free-cutting copper alloy and method for producing same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| TW200521254A (en) * | 2003-09-19 | 2005-07-01 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | Copper alloy and method for production thereof |
| CN103930576A (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2014-07-16 | 株式会社豊山 | Leadless free-cutting copper alloy and method for producing same |
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