TWI569015B - Method for measuring polymer foam expansion and apparatus for use therein - Google Patents
Method for measuring polymer foam expansion and apparatus for use therein Download PDFInfo
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- TWI569015B TWI569015B TW101144474A TW101144474A TWI569015B TW I569015 B TWI569015 B TW I569015B TW 101144474 A TW101144474 A TW 101144474A TW 101144474 A TW101144474 A TW 101144474A TW I569015 B TWI569015 B TW I569015B
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- bubble
- laser
- thickness
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- vertical displacement
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Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 42
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002666 chemical blowing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XBZYWSMVVKYHQN-MYPRUECHSA-N (4as,6as,6br,8ar,9r,10s,12ar,12br,14bs)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-9-[(sulfooxy)methyl]-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-icosahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C[C@H](O)[C@@](C)(COS(O)(=O)=O)[C@@H]2CC[C@@]3(C)[C@]4(C)CC[C@@]5(C(O)=O)CCC(C)(C)C[C@H]5C4=CC[C@@H]3[C@]21C XBZYWSMVVKYHQN-MYPRUECHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NNN=N1 MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004801 Chlorinated PVC Substances 0.000 description 1
- WUNMAQLRUBXKIL-PCIXLOPBSA-N Ins-1-P-Cer(d20:0/24:0) Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@H]([C@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COP(O)(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WUNMAQLRUBXKIL-PCIXLOPBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDXDZEFILATNPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N OS(C1(C2=CC=CC=C2N=C1)S(O)(=O)=O)(=O)=O.C(C=C1)=CC=C1PC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound OS(C1(C2=CC=CC=C2N=C1)S(O)(=O)=O)(=O)=O.C(C=C1)=CC=C1PC1=CC=CC=C1 CDXDZEFILATNPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QDPOHAYYMHVFMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;hydrate Chemical compound [B].O QDPOHAYYMHVFMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VYFOAVADNIHPTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isatoic anhydride Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1CO VYFOAVADNIHPTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003170 phenylsulfonyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004597 plastic additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium group Chemical group [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- -1 sulfonium sulfhydryl semicarbazone Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/60—Measuring, controlling or regulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B5/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness
- G01B5/068—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness of objects while moving
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92009—Measured parameter
- B29C2948/92114—Dimensions
- B29C2948/92171—Distortion, shrinkage, dilatation, swell or warpage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92009—Measured parameter
- B29C2948/92314—Particular value claimed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92323—Location or phase of measurement
- B29C2948/92361—Extrusion unit
- B29C2948/9238—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
- B29C2948/924—Barrel or housing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
- B29C2948/92609—Dimensions
- B29C2948/92666—Distortion, shrinkage, dilatation, swell or warpage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
- B29C2948/92809—Particular value claimed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
- B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
- B29C2948/92876—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
- B29C2948/92895—Barrel or housing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/36—Feeding the material to be shaped
- B29C44/46—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length
- B29C44/50—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length using pressure difference, e.g. by extrusion or by spraying
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Description
本發明係有關於一用於測量聚合物泡體膨脹的方法及用於其中之裝置。 The present invention relates to a method for measuring the expansion of a polymer bubble and a device therefor.
產生一發泡聚合物產物的技術為一接近很難以控制的邊緣之程序。使本方法保持在受控狀態的技術涉及許多因素。例如就一PVC發泡產物而言，此等因素包括PVCK-值、所使用的加工佐劑、潤滑劑類型與含量、及該化學發泡劑的特性。含試驗添加物及含量之聚合物調配物之膨脹輪廓的預測可用於控制該發泡聚合物產物之製造。目前可用的方法提供僅可在某一時間膨脹的泡體。 The technique of producing a foamed polymer product is a procedure that is close to the edges that are difficult to control. The technique of keeping the method in a controlled state involves many factors. For example, in the case of a PVC foamed product, such factors include the PVCK-value, the processing adjuvant used, the type and amount of lubricant, and the characteristics of the chemical blowing agent. The prediction of the expansion profile of the polymer formulation containing the test additive and content can be used to control the manufacture of the foamed polymer product. Currently available methods provide vesicles that can only expand at a certain time.
本發明為一用測量聚合物泡體膨脹的方法及用於其中之裝置。 The present invention is a method for measuring the expansion of a polymer bubble and a device therefor.
在一實施例中，本發明提供一測量聚合物泡體膨脹的方法，其包含：擠壓一含一或多一種發泡劑之自由發 泡聚合物調配物；使該擠製調配物饋入通過一直角模以於該模之出口處產生一具有一泡體前部的成形泡體，使用含一雷射、一藉一馬達驅動器而驅動的直立***之雷射厚度測量裝置(其中該雷射係連接至該直立***以調整該雷射的直立位置)測量位於該模噴嘴的成形泡體之厚度；調整該馬達驅動器的速度，因此該雷射可以以等於離開該模之該泡體前部的垂直位移速率之垂直位移速率移動；且記錄該泡體厚度，其中係每x秒重複測量該成形泡體的厚度，其中x為自0.05至0.15且該厚度係以時間為變數進行記錄。 In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of measuring the expansion of a polymer foam comprising: extruding a free hair containing one or more blowing agents a foaming polymer formulation; feeding the extruded formulation through a straight angle die to produce a shaped bubble body having a front portion of the bubble at the exit of the die, using a laser containing a laser driver a laser thickness measuring device for driving an upright positioner, wherein the laser system is coupled to the upright positioner to adjust an upright position of the laser, measuring a thickness of a shaped bubble located at the die nozzle; adjusting a speed of the motor drive Thus, the laser can be moved at a vertical displacement rate equal to the vertical displacement rate of the front portion of the bubble exiting the mold; and the thickness of the bubble is recorded, wherein the thickness of the shaped bubble is repeatedly measured every x seconds, where x Recording is from 0.05 to 0.15 and the thickness is measured in terms of time.
在一替代實施例中，本發明進一步提供一用於測量聚合物之自由泡體膨脹的裝置，其包含：一用於擠壓並形成一可產生成形泡體的擠製機；其中該擠製機包含一具有一模噴嘴之直角模；一連接至一直立定位裝置之雷射測量頭，其係用於測量位於或接近於該模噴嘴之成形泡體的厚度；一連接至該直立***之馬達驅動器裝置，其係用於調整該雷射測量頭之垂直位移以使離開該模之泡體的垂直位速率與該雷射測量頭之垂直位移速率同步化；一用於控制該馬達驅動器裝置速度的裝置；及一可記錄該以時間為變數之成形泡體之厚度的記錄裝置。 In an alternate embodiment, the present invention further provides an apparatus for measuring free bubble expansion of a polymer, comprising: an extrusion machine for extruding and forming a shaped bubble; wherein the extrusion The machine comprises a right angle die having a die nozzle; a laser measuring head connected to the upright positioning device for measuring the thickness of the formed bubble at or near the die nozzle; a connection to the upright positioner a motor driver device for adjusting a vertical displacement of the laser measuring head to synchronize a vertical bit rate of the bubble body exiting the die with a vertical displacement rate of the laser measuring head; a control for the motor driver a device for speed of the device; and a recording device capable of recording the thickness of the shaped bubble body with a time variation.
一替代實施例中，除了重複至少一百次以測量該成形泡形泡體之厚度不同外，根據上述實施例中之任一者，本發明係提供一測量聚合物泡體膨脹的方法及一用於測量聚合物之自由泡體膨脹的裝置。 In an alternative embodiment, in accordance with any of the above embodiments, in addition to repeating at least one hundred times to measure the thickness of the shaped bubble, the present invention provides a method of measuring the expansion of a polymer bubble and a A device for measuring the free bubble expansion of a polymer.
在一替代實施例中，除了該方法進一步包含自該 以時間為變數之泡體厚度測定最大泡體厚度不同外，根據上述實施例中之任一者，本發明係提供一測量聚合物泡體膨脹的方法及一用於測量聚合物之自由泡體膨脹的裝置。 In an alternative embodiment, the method further comprises In accordance with any of the above embodiments, the present invention provides a method for measuring the expansion of a polymer foam and a free bubble for measuring a polymer. Expanded device.
在一替代實施例中，除了該自由發泡聚合物調配物包含聚氯乙烯及一或多種發泡劑不同外，根據上述實施例中之任一者，本發明係提供一測量聚合物泡體膨脹的方法及一用於測量聚合物之自由泡體膨脹的裝置。 In an alternate embodiment, the present invention provides a measurement of polymer foams in accordance with any of the above embodiments, except that the free-foaming polymer formulation comprises polyvinyl chloride and one or more blowing agents. A method of expansion and a device for measuring the expansion of a free bubble of a polymer.
在一替代實施例中，除了該模具有一選自由圓形、橢圓形、正方形、及長方形所組成之群組的形狀不同外，根據上述實施例中之任一者，本發明係提供一測量聚合物泡體膨脹的方法及一用於測量聚合物之自由泡體膨脹的裝置。 In an alternative embodiment, the present invention provides a measurement polymerization according to any of the above embodiments, except that the mold has a shape selected from the group consisting of a circle, an ellipse, a square, and a rectangle. A method of expanding a bubble body and a device for measuring the expansion of a free bubble of a polymer.
一替代實施例中，除了該方法進一步包含測量該以時間為變數之泡體前部的位置，測定該泡體前部之垂直位移速率、及自動調整該馬達驅動器的速度以致使該雷射可以以和該泡體前部之經測定垂直位移速率相同的垂直位移速度移動不同外，根據上述實施例中之任一者，本發明係提供一測量聚合物泡體膨脹的方法及一用於測量聚合物之自由泡體膨脹的裝置。 In an alternative embodiment, the method further comprises measuring the position of the front portion of the bubble in time, determining the vertical displacement rate of the front portion of the bubble, and automatically adjusting the speed of the motor driver to cause the laser to In accordance with any of the above embodiments, the present invention provides a method of measuring the expansion of a polymer bubble and a method for measuring, at a vertical displacement velocity that is the same as the measured vertical displacement velocity of the front portion of the bubble. A device for free bubble expansion of a polymer.
在一替代實施例中，除了就一圓形模開口而言，以該泡體直徑的平方除以該模噴嘴直徑的平方所測量之該泡體之膨脹為自1至50不同外，根據上述實施例中之任一者，本發明係提供一測量聚合物泡體膨脹的方法及一用於測量聚合物之自由泡體膨脹的裝置。 In an alternative embodiment, except for a circular die opening, the expansion of the bubble is measured as the square of the diameter of the bubble divided by the square of the diameter of the die nozzle, and the expansion of the bubble is from 1 to 50, according to the above In any of the embodiments, the present invention provides a method of measuring the expansion of a polymer bubble and a device for measuring the expansion of a free bubble of a polymer.
在一替代實施例中，除了該裝置進一步包含一用於測量該以時間為變數之成形泡體之一前部的垂直位置之感測器、用於測定該成形泡體前部之垂直位移速率的裝置、及一介於該用於測定成形泡體前部之垂直位移的裝置與該用於控制該馬達驅動器裝置之間的控制環路不同外，根據上述實施例中之任一者，本發明係提供一測量聚合物泡體膨脹的方法及一用於測量聚合物之自由泡體膨脹的裝置。 In an alternative embodiment, in addition to the apparatus further comprising a sensor for measuring the vertical position of the front portion of the time-varying shaped bubble body for determining the vertical displacement rate of the front portion of the shaped bubble body The present invention, according to any of the above embodiments, and a device for determining the vertical displacement of the front portion of the shaped bubble body is different from the control loop for controlling the motor driver device A method of measuring the expansion of a polymer bubble and a means for measuring the expansion of the free bubble of the polymer are provided.
在另一實施例中，本發明提供一測量聚合物泡體膨脹的方法，其本質上由以下組成：擠壓一含一或多種發泡劑之自由發泡聚合物調配物；經由使該擠製調配物饋入通過一直角模以於該模之出口產生一處具有一泡體前部的成形泡體，使用含一雷射、一藉一馬達驅動器而驅動的直立***之雷射厚度測量裝置(其中該雷射係連接至該直立***以調整該雷射的直立位置)測量位於該模噴嘴的成形泡體之厚度；調整該馬達驅動器的速度，因此該雷射可以以等於離開該模之該泡體前部的垂直位移速率之垂直位移速率移動；且記錄該泡體厚度，其中係每x秒重複測量該成形泡體的厚度，其中x為自0.05至0.15且該厚度係以時間為變數進行記錄。 In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of measuring the expansion of a polymer foam, which essentially consists of extruding a free-foaming polymer formulation containing one or more blowing agents; The formulation is fed through a straight angle die to produce a shaped bubble body having a front portion of the bubble at the exit of the die, using a laser thickness of an upright positioner driven by a laser and a motor driver Measuring device (wherein the laser system is coupled to the upright positioner to adjust an upright position of the laser) measuring a thickness of a shaped bubble located in the die nozzle; adjusting a speed of the motor drive such that the laser can be equal to leave The vertical displacement rate of the vertical displacement rate of the front portion of the bubble moves; and the thickness of the bubble is recorded, wherein the thickness of the shaped bubble is repeatedly measured every x seconds, wherein x is from 0.05 to 0.15 and the thickness is Record with time as a variable.
在另一實施例中，本發明提供一用於測定聚合物之自由泡體膨脹的裝置，其基本上由以下組成：一用於擠壓並形成一可產生成形泡體的擠製機；其中該擠製機包含一具有一模噴嘴之直角模；一連接至一直立定位裝置之雷 射測量頭，其係用於測量位於或接近於該模噴嘴之成形泡體的厚度；一連接至該直立***之馬達驅動器，其係用於調整該雷射測量頭之垂直位移以使離開該模之泡體的垂直位速率與該雷射測量頭之垂直位移速率同步化；一用於控制該馬達驅動器裝置速度的設備；及一可記錄該以時間為變數之成形泡體之厚度的記錄裝置。 In another embodiment, the present invention provides a device for determining free bubble expansion of a polymer, which consists essentially of: an extrusion machine for extruding and forming a shaped bubble; The extruder comprises a right angle die having a die nozzle; a thunder connected to the upright positioning device a measuring head for measuring a thickness of a shaped bubble located at or near the die nozzle; a motor driver coupled to the upright positioner for adjusting a vertical displacement of the laser measuring head to leave The vertical bit rate of the bubble of the mold is synchronized with the vertical displacement rate of the laser measuring head; a device for controlling the speed of the motor driver device; and a thickness of the shaped bubble that records the time as a variable Recording device.
10‧‧‧擠製機 10‧‧‧Extrusion machine
12‧‧‧直角模 12‧‧‧Right angle mode
14‧‧‧模噴嘴 14‧‧‧Mold nozzle
16‧‧‧成形泡體 16‧‧‧Formed bubble
18‧‧‧雷射測量頭 18‧‧‧ Laser measuring head
20‧‧‧直立*** 20‧‧‧Upright positioner
22‧‧‧馬達驅動器 22‧‧‧Motor drive
24‧‧‧VARIAC 24‧‧‧VARIAC
26‧‧‧電腦 26‧‧‧ computer
28‧‧‧輸入電纜 28‧‧‧Input cable
30‧‧‧黏扣帶元件 30‧‧‧Buckle belt components
為了闡明本發明，在圖示內顯示之一形式係具代表性；然而，應瞭解本發明不限於所示之精確排列及儀器配置。 To clarify the invention, one of the forms shown in the drawings is representative; however, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumental arrangements shown.
圖1為闡明該裝置之一實施例的示意圖。 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of the apparatus.
圖2為使用3種不同的混合型吸熱性/放熱性發泡劑之PVC調配物之橫截面膨脹比對時間的曲線圖； 圖3為使用3種不同的吸熱性發泡劑之PVC調配物之橫截面膨脹比對時間的曲線圖； 圖4為使用3種不同的放熱性發泡劑之PVC調配物之橫截面膨脹比對時間的曲線圖；及 圖5為使用3種不同的發泡劑之PVC調配物之橫截面膨脹比對時間的曲線圖。 Figure 2 is a graph of cross-sectional expansion ratio versus time for a PVC formulation using three different hybrid endothermic/exothermic blowing agents; Figure 3 is a graph of cross-sectional expansion ratio versus time for a PVC formulation using three different endothermic blowing agents; Figure 4 is a graph of cross-sectional expansion ratio versus time for a PVC formulation using three different exothermic blowing agents; Figure 5 is a graph of cross-sectional expansion ratio versus time for a PVC formulation using three different blowing agents.
本發明為一用於測量聚合物泡體膨脹的方法及用於其中之裝置。 The present invention is a method for measuring the expansion of a polymer bubble and a device therefor.
根據本發明之該測量聚合物泡體膨脹的方法包 含：擠壓一包含一或多種發泡劑的自由發泡聚合物調配物；使該擠製調配物饋入通過一直角模以於該模之出口處產生一具有一泡體前部的成形泡體；使用含一雷射、一藉一馬達驅動器而驅動之直立***的非接觸測量裝置(其中該雷射係連接至該直立***，因此可調整該雷射之一垂直位置)測量於該模噴嘴之成形泡體的厚度；調整該馬達驅動器的速度以致使該雷射可以以等於離開該模之泡體前部的垂直位移速率之垂直位移速率移動；且記錄以時間為變數之該泡體厚度，其中該成形泡體之厚度係每x秒進行測量，其中x為自0.05至0.15且該厚度係以時間為變數進行記錄。 Method for measuring polymer bubble expansion according to the present invention The invention comprises: extruding a free-foaming polymer formulation comprising one or more blowing agents; feeding the extruded formulation through a straight angle die to produce a shape having a front portion of the foam at the exit of the die a non-contact measuring device that uses an upright positioner that is driven by a laser and that is driven by a motor driver (where the laser system is connected to the upright positioner so that one of the vertical positions of the laser can be adjusted) a thickness of the formed bubble of the mold nozzle; adjusting a speed of the motor driver such that the laser can move at a vertical displacement rate equal to a vertical displacement rate of the front portion of the bubble exiting the mold; and recording is time-variant The thickness of the foam, wherein the thickness of the shaped foam is measured every x seconds, wherein x is from 0.05 to 0.15 and the thickness is recorded as a time variable.
如文中使用，“於該模噴嘴”意指一離該模噴嘴0至1毫米遠的位置。 As used herein, "in the mold nozzle" means a position that is 0 to 1 mm away from the mold nozzle.
可使用任何合適的擠製機進行一自由發泡聚合物調配物的擠壓，其前提為該擠製機可配備一用於形成一成形泡體的右角模。此等擠製機包括，例如單及多螺桿擠製機。一適用於該擠壓步驟的擠製機為HAAKE POLYLAB錐形雙螺桿擠製機。 Extrusion of a free-foaming polymer formulation can be carried out using any suitable extruder, provided that the extruder can be equipped with a right angle die for forming a shaped bubble. Such extruders include, for example, single and multi-screw extruders. An extruder suitable for this extrusion step is a HAAKE POLYLAB conical twin screw extruder.
如文中使用，自由發泡聚合物調配物包括一旦離開該模時可自由地膨脹/發泡的任何聚合物調配物。此等聚合物調配物之實例包括選自以下之群組所組成的聚合物：苯乙烯化聚合物、丙烯酸酯、聚烯烴、聚酯、聚醯胺、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、氯化PVC、及氟聚合物；與一或多種物理或化學發泡劑。該發泡劑可以是一旦熱分解時可釋放一氣體 之多種化學發泡劑中的任一者。該發泡劑或其等之混合物可選自含可分解基團(諸如含偶氮、N-亞硝基、羧酸根、碳酸根、雜環氮及磺醯醯肼基團)的化學品。一般而言，其等係為當經由化學反應而加熱或一旦分解時，可釋放氣體(群)的固體材料。代表性化合物包括如在Plastic Additives Handbook,eds.R.Gachter,H.Muller,and P.P.Klemchuk,Hanser Gardner Publishers,Cincinnati,1996,Ch.16.中所描述的偶氮二碳化醯胺及其衍生物、碳酸氫鹽、肼衍生物、半卡肼、四唑、苯并、及硼水合物。這些發泡劑的實例為：偶氮二碳化醯胺、4,4-氧基雙(苯磺基醯肼)、二苯基碸-3,3-二磺基醯肼、三肼三、對-伸甲苯甲醯磺醯基半卡肼、5-苯基四唑、靛紅酸酐、碳酸氫鈉、及硼氫化鈉。此外，可藉注入該擠製機內之物理發泡劑而產生發泡。代表性發泡劑包括液化二氧化碳、氮、烴、氯化氟碳、氫氯氟碳及水。 As used herein, a free-foaming polymer formulation includes any polymer formulation that is free to expand/foam upon leaving the mold. Examples of such polymer formulations include polymers selected from the group consisting of styrenated polymers, acrylates, polyolefins, polyesters, polyamines, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated PVC And fluoropolymer; with one or more physical or chemical blowing agents. The blowing agent may be any one of a plurality of chemical blowing agents that release a gas upon thermal decomposition. The blowing agent or a mixture thereof or the like may be selected from a chemical containing a decomposable group such as an azo-containing, N-nitroso group, a carboxylate group, a carbonate group, a heterocyclic nitrogen group, and a sulfonium group. In general, they are solid materials that release gases (groups) when heated by chemical reaction or once decomposed. Representative compounds include azobiscarbamide and its derivatives as described in Plastic Additives Handbook, eds. R. Gachter, H. Muller, and PP Klemchuk, Hanser Gardner Publishers, Cincinnati, 1996, Ch. 16. Bicarbonate, anthraquinone derivatives, semi-calendar, tetrazole, benzo And boron hydrate. Examples of such blowing agents are: azodiamine, 4,4-oxybis(phenylsulfonyl), diphenylphosphonium-3,3-disulfoindole, triterpenoid , p-toluene, sulfonium sulfhydryl semicarbazone, 5-phenyltetrazole, isatoic anhydride, sodium hydrogencarbonate, and sodium borohydride. In addition, foaming can be produced by injecting a physical blowing agent into the extruder. Representative blowing agents include liquefied carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, and water.
已連接至擠製機且用以形成一成形泡體之該直角模可具有任何合適開口、或噴嘴、形狀。此等橫截面形狀可包括，例如圓形、橢圓形、正方形及長方形。該擠製聚合物調配物可離開該模，因此呈現該模開口之一橫截面形狀。在具有一圓形開口之模的實例中，該成形泡體之厚度係指所形成之圓形成形泡體的直徑。在具有一正方形開口之模的實例中，該成形泡體之厚度係指該正方形成形泡體之一側的長度。在具有一橢圓形開口之模的實例中，該成形泡體之厚度係指該橢圓形之短或長軸。同樣，在具有 一長方形開口之模的實例中，該成形泡體之厚度可指該長方形之短或長側。亦可使用多軸厚度測量裝置以同時測量所有軸尺寸。使用本方式可測定任何模形狀之該橫截面膨脹比(於任何特定時間之橫截面面積除以該模開口之橫截面面積)。 The right angle mold that has been attached to the extruder and used to form a shaped bubble can have any suitable opening, or nozzle, shape. Such cross-sectional shapes may include, for example, circles, ovals, squares, and rectangles. The extruded polymer formulation can exit the mold and thus exhibit a cross-sectional shape of one of the mold openings. In the example of a mold having a circular opening, the thickness of the shaped bubble refers to the diameter of the formed circular shaped bubble. In the example of a mold having a square opening, the thickness of the shaped bubble means the length of one side of the square shaped bubble. In the example of a mold having an elliptical opening, the thickness of the shaped bubble refers to the short or long axis of the ellipse. Again, there is In the example of a rectangular open mold, the thickness of the shaped foam may refer to the short or long side of the rectangle. A multi-axis thickness measuring device can also be used to measure all shaft sizes simultaneously. The cross-sectional expansion ratio of any mold shape (the cross-sectional area at any particular time divided by the cross-sectional area of the mold opening) can be determined using this method.
可以使用手動方式或自動化方式調整該馬達驅動器的速度，因此該雷射可以以一等於離開該模之該泡體前部之垂直位移速率的垂直位移速率移動。就手動調整而言，可以以手動方式監測該雷射之垂直位移速率與離開該模之該泡體前部的垂直位移速率中之任一者或兩者。在本情況下，當泡體係與該雷射測量裝置之底部同一平面時，啟動該直立馬達驅動器。使用一可變自偶變壓器(例如VARIAC)以手動方式調整該速度，因此該泡體前部可維持與該雷射裝置的底部在同一平面上。其通常可經該變壓器2或3次調整而達成。同樣，就自動調整而言，可藉本項技藝中已為吾人所熟知的電子產品及/或感測器而自動監測該雷射之垂直位移速率與離開該模之泡體前部的垂直位移速率中之任一者或兩者。例如可藉各別的雷射Doppler速度計而測量該垂直泡體前部速度及垂直雷射速度，且可藉一控制環路而同步化兩者的速度。可使用任何類型之非接觸速度計(諸如雷射Doppler速度計)以測量該成形泡體前部的垂直速度。代表性雷射Doppler速度計包括得自POLYTECH(Irvine,CA)and ZUMBACH ELECTRONIC AG(Orpund,Switzerland)之雷射Doppler速度計。 The speed of the motor drive can be adjusted manually or automatically so that the laser can be moved at a vertical displacement rate equal to the vertical displacement rate of the front portion of the bubble exiting the die. In the case of manual adjustment, either or both of the vertical displacement rate of the laser and the vertical displacement rate of the front portion of the bubble exiting the mold can be manually monitored. In this case, the upright motor drive is activated when the bubble system is in the same plane as the bottom of the laser measuring device. The speed is manually adjusted using a variable self-coupled transformer (e.g., VARIAC) so that the front portion of the bubble can remain in the same plane as the bottom of the laser device. It can usually be achieved by 2 or 3 adjustments of the transformer. Similarly, in the case of automatic adjustment, the vertical displacement rate of the laser and the vertical displacement of the front portion of the bubble exiting the mold can be automatically monitored by electronic products and/or sensors that are well known in the art. Either or both of the rates. For example, the vertical bubble front speed and vertical laser speed can be measured by separate laser Doppler speedometers, and the speed of both can be synchronized by a control loop. Any type of non-contact speedometer, such as a laser Doppler speedometer, can be used to measure the vertical velocity of the front of the shaped bubble. Representative laser Doppler speedometers include laser Doppler speedometers from POLYTECH (Irvine, CA) and ZUMBACH ELECTRONIC AG (Orpund, Switzerland).
在從離開該模一直到達到最大膨脹之至少一時間的期間進行該成形泡體前部之多次厚度測量。可以以從每0.05秒至每0.15秒的間隔進行該等測量。總測量時間之範圍可從1秒至10分鐘。 Multiple thickness measurements of the front portion of the shaped bubble are performed during at least one time from the exit of the mold until the maximum expansion is reached. These measurements can be made at intervals from 0.05 seconds to 0.15 seconds. The total measurement time can range from 1 second to 10 minutes.
所有各別數值及自0.05至0.15秒之亞範圍係包括在文中且揭示在文中；例如可從每0.05、0.07、0.09、0.11或0.13秒之低限至0.07、0.09、0.11、0.13或0.15的上限進行該厚度測量。例如可以以在從每0.05至0.15秒、或另一者，從每0.07至0.13秒、或另一者，從每0.09至0.11秒的範圍內之間隔測量該厚度。 All individual values and sub-ranges from 0.05 to 0.15 seconds are included herein and are disclosed herein; for example, from every 0.05, 0.07, 0.09, 0.11, or 0.13 second low limit to 0.07, 0.09, 0.11, 0.13, or 0.15 The upper limit is used for this thickness measurement. For example, the thickness can be measured at intervals from every 0.05 to 0.15 seconds, or the other, from every 0.07 to 0.13 seconds, or the other, from every 0.09 to 0.11 seconds.
在某些實施例中，該方法進一步包含從以時間為變數之該泡體厚度計算泡體膨脹的速率。由於該方法可測量以時間為變數之多個厚度，所以可容易地藉使經過一特定時間後之厚度的變化除以該特定時間而計算該泡體膨脹的速率。 In certain embodiments, the method further comprises calculating a rate of bubble expansion from the thickness of the bubble as a function of time. Since the method can measure a plurality of thicknesses with time as a variable, the rate of expansion of the bubble can be easily calculated by dividing the change in thickness after a certain time by the specific time.
在某些實施例中，重複該測量成形泡體之厚度的方法至少一百次。 In certain embodiments, the method of measuring the thickness of the shaped bubbles is repeated at least one hundred times.
在該方法之一實施例中，該自由發泡聚合物調配物包含聚氯乙烯及一或多種發泡劑。 In one embodiment of the method, the free-foaming polymer formulation comprises polyvinyl chloride and one or more blowing agents.
在某些實施例中，該方法進一步包含測量以時間為變數之該泡體前部的位置，計算該泡體前部之垂直位移的速率並自動調整該馬達驅動器的速度，因此該雷射可以以和該泡體前部之經計算垂直位移速率相同的垂直位移速率移動。例如可藉各別的雷射Doppler速度計而測量該垂直 泡體前部速度及該垂直雷射速度且者之速度可藉一控制環路而同步化。控制環路及其組件為吾人所熟知且其實例係描述在ttp：//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_loop中，其揭示文在此併入本案以為參考資料。 In some embodiments, the method further comprises measuring a position of the front portion of the bubble with time as a variable, calculating a rate of vertical displacement of the front portion of the bubble body and automatically adjusting a speed of the motor drive, whereby the laser can The movement is at a vertical displacement rate that is the same as the calculated vertical displacement rate at the front of the bubble. For example, the vertical can be measured by a separate laser Doppler speedometer. The velocity of the front of the bubble and the speed of the vertical laser can be synchronized by a control loop. The control loops and their components are well known and their examples are described in ttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_loop, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
在本方法之某些實施例中，以該泡體直徑的平方除以該模開口直徑的平方所測量之該泡體的膨脹為自1至50。所有各別數值及自1至50的亞範圍包括在文中且揭示在文中；例如該泡體之膨脹可以自1、10、20、30或40的下限至10、20、30、40或50的上限。例如該泡體膨脹可以在自1至50之範圍內、或另一者，該泡體膨脹可以在自10至40之範圍內。 In certain embodiments of the method, the expansion of the bubble is from 1 to 50 as measured by dividing the square of the bubble diameter by the square of the die opening diameter. All individual values and sub-ranges from 1 to 50 are included herein and disclosed herein; for example, the expansion of the bubble may be from the lower limit of 1, 10, 20, 30 or 40 to 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50. Upper limit. For example, the expansion of the foam may be in the range of from 1 to 50, or the other, the expansion of the foam may be in the range of from 10 to 40.
在一替代實施例中，本發明進一步提供一可用於本發明方法的裝置，其包含一用於擠壓並形成一可得到一成形泡體的發泡聚合物調配物之擠製機；其中該擠製機包含一具有一模噴嘴的直角模；一連接至直立定位裝置的雷射測量頭，其係用於測量於或接近於該模噴嘴之該成形泡體的厚度；一連接至該直立定位裝置之馬達驅動器裝置，其係用於調整該雷射測量頭之一垂直位移以使離開該模之泡體的垂直位移速率與該雷射測量頭的垂直位移速率同步；一用於控制該馬達驅動器裝置速度的裝置；及一可記錄以時間為變數之該成形泡體的厚度之記錄裝置。 In an alternate embodiment, the present invention further provides an apparatus useful in the method of the present invention comprising an extruder for extruding and forming a foamed polymer formulation that provides a shaped foam; The extruder comprises a right angle die having a die nozzle; a laser measuring head coupled to the upright positioning device for measuring the thickness of the shaped bubble body at or near the die nozzle; a connection to the upright a motor driver device for positioning a device for adjusting a vertical displacement of the laser measuring head to synchronize a vertical displacement rate of a bubble body exiting the mold with a vertical displacement rate of the laser measuring head; a device for speeding the motor drive device; and a recording device for recording the thickness of the shaped bubble body as a function of time.
可用於本發明裝置之擠製機及模包括上文論述之彼等。直立***可以是用於垂直性移動項目位置的任何機械裝置。例如一直立***可包含一藉含一旋轉裝置 (諸如刷式DC馬達，例如電鑽或步進馬達)之馬達驅動裝置而旋轉的螺紋桿。 Extruders and dies that can be used in the apparatus of the present invention include those discussed above. The upright positioner can be any mechanical device used to vertically move the position of the item. For example, an upright positioner can include a rotating device A threaded rod that rotates with a motor drive such as a brushed DC motor, such as an electric drill or a stepper motor.
可用於該裝置之雷射測量頭為可將一雷射投射在該成形泡體上的裝置且該投影係經電子方式偵測並轉化成一電子信號。可具有可同時測量不只一尺寸的2或3個軸頭。一可替代裝置係使用2或多雷射藉三角測量術而測量厚度。 A laser measuring head that can be used in the device is a device that projects a laser onto the shaped bubble and the projection is electronically detected and converted into an electrical signal. There may be 2 or 3 spindle heads that can measure more than one size simultaneously. An alternative device measures thickness using two or more lasers by triangulation.
該用於控制馬達驅動器的設備可包括用於調整該馬達驅動器之速度的任何方法及/或裝置，其包括，例如變阻器及可變自偶變壓器。可以在www.en.wikipedia.org/motor controller內找到用於控制電動機之速度的各種裝置之說明。 The apparatus for controlling a motor drive can include any method and/or apparatus for adjusting the speed of the motor drive, including, for example, a varistor and a variable self-coupled transformer. A description of the various devices used to control the speed of the motor can be found at www.en.wikipedia.org/motor controller.
參考圖1，係表示一可用於本發明方法之裝置的實施例。係表示該用於測量聚合物之泡體膨脹的裝置。該裝置包括一擠製機10、一具有一模噴嘴14的直角模12。在擠製機10內擠壓聚合物，使其通過直角模12及模噴嘴14。一旦離開模噴嘴14時，該成形泡體16可具有模噴嘴14的形狀。一雷射測量頭18係與一直立***20連接。該直立***係藉一馬達傳動22而驅動。如圖1所示，用於控制該馬達驅動器的裝置為VARIAC 24。示於圖1內之記錄裝置為具有必要輸入電纜28之電腦26。 Referring to Figure 1, there is shown an embodiment of a device that can be used in the method of the present invention. This is a device for measuring the expansion of a bubble of a polymer. The apparatus includes an extruder 10 and a right angle die 12 having a die nozzle 14. The polymer is extruded in the extruder 10 through the right angle die 12 and the die nozzle 14. Once formed away from the die nozzle 14, the shaped bubble 16 can have the shape of the die nozzle 14. A laser measuring head 18 is coupled to the upright positioner 20. The upright positioner is driven by a motor drive 22. As shown in Figure 1, the means for controlling the motor drive is VARIAC 24. The recording device shown in Figure 1 is a computer 26 having the necessary input cable 28.
以下實例係闡明本發明，但無意限制本發明之範圍。 The following examples are illustrative of the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
用於該等代表性方法之設備為具有一直角模的HAAKE POLYLAB錐形雙螺桿擠製機(得自THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC,INC.)。表1表示用於該擠製機之各區域設定。 The equipment used in these representative methods was a HAAKE POLYLAB conical twin-screw extruder with a straight angle die (available from THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC, INC.). Table 1 shows the various zone settings for the extruder.
用於該代表性方法之自由泡體聚合物調配物為具有表2內所示的組成之PVC泡體母體混合物(MB1)。在進行擠製前，使加工佐劑(SURECEL T-55(得自The Dow Chemical Company),10PHR，其在所有測試中係保持恆定)、及該發泡劑與該母體混合物進行袋混。表3含有用於各該代表方法內之化學發泡劑群組。使用具有一ZUMBACH ODAC雷射測量計(亦即雷射測量頭)之ZUMBACH USYS IPC-1控制器(得自ZUMBACH ELECTRONIC AG,Orpund,Switzerland)以測量該成形泡體的厚度。 The free bubble polymer formulation used in this representative method was a PVC foam precursor mixture (MB1) having the composition shown in Table 2. Prior to extrusion, a processing adjuvant (SURECEL T-55 (available from The Dow Chemical Company), 10 PHR, which remained constant throughout all tests), and the blowing agent were bag blended with the parent mixture. Table 3 contains the chemical blowing agent groups used in each of the representative methods. A ZUMBACH USYS IPC-1 controller (available from ZUMBACH ELECTRONIC AG, Orpund, Switzerland) with a ZUMBACH ODAC laser meter (i.e., a laser measuring head) was used to measure the thickness of the shaped bubble.
該ZUMBACH ODAC雷射測量計係連接至一可經由一螺紋支架與該成形泡體平行地移動的台。使用藉一VARIAC自偶變壓器而控制的旋轉鑽以上升或下降該與螺紋支架連接之雷射測量計。藉調整該VARIAC而使該旋轉鑽匹配該成形泡體之線性輸出。 The ZUMBACH ODAC laser meter is coupled to a stage that is movable in parallel with the shaped bubble via a threaded bracket. A rotary drill controlled by a VARIAC self-coupled transformer is used to raise or lower the laser gauge connected to the threaded bracket. The rotary drill is adapted to match the linear output of the shaped bubble by adjusting the VARIAC.
為了更合適地集中該成形泡體以得到較高膨脹的試樣。使用黏扣帶(hook and loop tape)使一片鐵氟龍(Teflon)連接至該雷射測量計之底部。此種可視需要選用的黏扣帶係以元件30示於圖1內。每0.1秒收集該成形泡體之厚度的測量值。自該ZUMBACH控制器收集該等厚度測量值且使用Excel軟體製圖並分析。 In order to concentrate the shaped bubble more properly, a higher expanded sample is obtained. A piece of Teflon was attached to the bottom of the laser gauge using a hook and loop tape. This type of adhesive strip that is optionally used is shown in Figure 1 as component 30. The measured value of the thickness of the shaped bubble body was collected every 0.1 seconds. These thickness measurements were collected from the ZUMBACH controller and analyzed using an Excel soft map.
記錄最大厚度及達到最大厚度之時間、以及如下文定義該橫截面膨長比(CSER)、與密度值。該等密度值係藉遵照ASTM標準D792“Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity(Relative Density)of Plastics by Displacement.”而獲得。該等最大厚度值係示於表4內。橫截面膨脹比(CSER)為一藉以下方程式而定義的無單位測量值：
圖2係闡明在該泡體離開該模開口後，以時間為變數之含由放熱型及吸熱型組份之混合物所組成物的化學發泡劑之PVC組成物的橫截面膨脹比。由於各該發泡劑類型之令人滿意的性質之組合，所以此等混合式exo/endo發泡劑為在PVC泡體內最常見的發泡劑。 Figure 2 is a graph showing the cross-sectional expansion ratio of a PVC composition of a chemical blowing agent comprising a mixture of exothermic and endothermic components in a time-variant manner after the bubble exits the die opening. These hybrid exo/endo blowing agents are the most common blowing agents in PVC foams due to the combination of satisfactory properties of each of the blowing agent types.
圖2表示放熱型及吸熱型發泡劑之混合物可得到既快速又相當高程度的膨脹。在初膨脹段落內，該TRAMACO TSE3140具有一稍較低的斜率。 Figure 2 shows that a mixture of exothermic and endothermic blowing agents provides both rapid and relatively high levels of expansion. Within the initial expansion section, the TRAMATO TSE 3140 has a slightly lower slope.
圖3表示該吸熱型發泡劑具有比由放熱型及吸熱型之混合物所組成的發泡劑高很多之最大膨脹。雖然該等吸熱型試樣具有大很多的總膨脹，但是其初膨脹速率比一含放熱型材料之化合物低很多且密度稍較高。 Figure 3 shows that the endothermic foaming agent has a much higher maximum expansion than the blowing agent consisting of a mixture of exothermic and endothermic types. Although these endothermic samples have a much larger total expansion, their initial expansion rate is much lower and a slightly higher density than a compound containing an exothermic material.
圖4表示該等放熱型發泡劑與用於參考之實驗試樣1的比較。其總膨脹低於實驗試樣1，但是該初膨脹速率類似。該K-198可得到比該HRVP01還高的膨脹，其相當於其較高的氣體排放值(221cc/g對190cc/g)。 Figure 4 shows a comparison of the exothermic foaming agents with Experimental Sample 1 for reference. Its total expansion is lower than that of Experimental Sample 1, but the initial expansion rate is similar. The K-198 achieves a higher expansion than the HRVP01, which corresponds to its higher gas emission value (221 cc/g versus 190 cc/g).
圖5表示在一曲線圖內之最佳發泡劑類型，因此可觀察膨脹特徵之直接比較。 Figure 5 shows the optimum type of blowing agent in a graph so that a direct comparison of the expansion characteristics can be observed.
只要不違背本發明之精神及基本屬性，本發明可以以其它形式具體化呈現，因此，當表示本發明之範圍時，應該參考附加申請專利範圍而非上述專利說明書。 The present invention may be embodied in other forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, when the scope of the invention is indicated, reference should be made to the appended claims.
10‧‧‧擠製機 10‧‧‧Extrusion machine
12‧‧‧直角模 12‧‧‧Right angle mode
14‧‧‧模噴嘴 14‧‧‧Mold nozzle
16‧‧‧成形泡體 16‧‧‧Formed bubble
18‧‧‧雷射測量頭 18‧‧‧ Laser measuring head
20‧‧‧直立*** 20‧‧‧Upright positioner
22‧‧‧馬達驅動器 22‧‧‧Motor drive
24‧‧‧VARIAC 24‧‧‧VARIAC
26‧‧‧電腦 26‧‧‧ computer
28‧‧‧輸入電纜 28‧‧‧Input cable
30‧‧‧黏扣帶元件 30‧‧‧Buckle belt components
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| CN107922545A (en) | 2015-08-31 | 2018-04-17 | 罗门哈斯公司 | It is foam-formed to use processing aid, include its foam-formed composition and foamed molded product based on vinyl chloride resin |
| KR102563794B1 (en) | 2015-08-31 | 2023-08-03 | 롬 앤드 하아스 컴패니 | Processing aid for foam molding, polyvinyl chloride resin-based foam molding composition containing the same, and foam molded article |
| CN105415565A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-03-23 | 湖北工业大学 | Visual inspection system for position of supporting piece in automobile seat die |
| CN110736679A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-31 | 安徽省新方尊自动化科技有限公司 | foamed aluminum foaming agent gas evolution amount precision detection device |
| EP3875242A1 (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2021-09-08 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Method and apparatus for online determining foam density during foam production process |
| IT202100010883A1 (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2022-10-29 | Dallan Spa | PRODUCTION LINE AND METHOD OF STAVES FOR ROLLING SHUTTERS |
| CN115014171B (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-10-21 | 常州皓之鼎高分子材料有限公司 | Method and device for measuring dimension of EVA foam sound absorbing sheet for new energy automobile |
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| US5725814A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-03-10 | Harrel, Inc. | Extrusion of an article of varying content |
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| DE10237005A1 (en) * | 2002-08-13 | 2004-02-26 | Bayer Ag | Soft foam is produced by determining the height of the foam along an advancing line, comparing it to a reference value, and using the difference to control any adjustment |
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