TWI568352B - 殺蟲組合物 - Google Patents
殺蟲組合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI568352B TWI568352B TW101141460A TW101141460A TWI568352B TW I568352 B TWI568352 B TW I568352B TW 101141460 A TW101141460 A TW 101141460A TW 101141460 A TW101141460 A TW 101141460A TW I568352 B TWI568352 B TW I568352B
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- pesticidal composition
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/32—Ingredients for reducing the noxious effect of the active substances to organisms other than pests, e.g. toxicity reducing compositions, self-destructing compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C1/00—Ammonium nitrate fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
- C05C9/02—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds containing urea-formaldehyde condensates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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Description
本發明包括新穎農業化學劑型及其用途,特別是一種含殺蟲活性化合物及肥料的農業化學劑型。
尤其是,本發明包括一種組合物,包含一種或多種N-芳基吡唑類殺蟲劑,以及一種或多種氮基肥料。本發明亦包括一種改善該等組合物殺蟲效能及作物收成的方法。
N-芳基吡唑類於本領域內廣為人知,且廣泛作殺蟲劑之用。專利US5,232,940揭露及描述了該等化合物。因用途廣泛,該等化合物可有效控制蟻、甲蟲、跳蚤、蜱、薊馬、根蟲、象鼻蟲及螻蛄等害蟲,特別是白蟻及蟑螂。N-芳基吡唑類阻擋氯離子的通過,因此破壞靶標昆蟲的中樞神經系統。
專利EP0822746揭露一種植物處理方法,透過對所述植物施用無植物毒性的N-芳基吡唑類,促進生長調節反應。
研究發現,含有一種或多種N-芳基吡唑類及氮基肥料的劑型具顯著改進的殺蟲效能,同時亦可增加植物的作物產量。肥料可作為「安全劑」,減輕作物對N-
芳基吡唑殺蟲劑的不良反應。因此,本劑型可大幅減少或消除因施用含殺蟲有效量的N-芳基吡唑殺蟲劑所帶來的副作用或藥害。換言之,肥料可增加作物對N-芳基吡唑殺蟲劑的耐藥性。此外,研究發現,在處理植物時,同時施用N-芳基吡唑殺蟲劑及氮基肥料,可大大改善昆蟲控制,並增加植物的作物產量。
因此,第一方面,本發明提供一種殺蟲組合物,其包含:a)殺蟲有效量的一種或多種通式(I)化合物:
其中:R1為烷基、鹵素,或CN;R2為4,5-二氰基咪唑-2-基、鹵烷基,或S(O)mR7;R3為氫、鹵素、NR8R9、S(O)nR10、C(O)R11、烷基、鹵烷基、OR12,或N=CR13R14;R4及R6彼此獨立代表氫、鹵素、鹵烷基、CN,或NO2;R5為氫、鹵素、鹵烷基、鹵烷氧基,或S(O)pR15;R7、R10、R12及R15彼此獨立代表烷基或鹵烷基;R8及R9彼此獨立代表氫、烷基、烯基、鹵烷基、
烷氧羰基,或S(O)qCF3;R11及R14彼此獨立代表氫或烷基;R13為選擇性經一或多個鹵素原子或OH、烷基、烷氧基及氰基取代之苯基;及m、n、p及q彼此獨立代表0、1或2;及b)至少一種氮基肥料。
本發明採用氮基肥料以提升N-芳基吡唑活性成分的殺蟲效力。氮是肥料的基本元素,詳述於Farm Chemicals Handbook,1992版第B23頁。商業用氮基肥料包括銨鹽(例如磷酸鹽、硫酸鹽及氯化物)、硝酸鹽、無水氨、尿素、氮溶液(包括尿素硝酸銨)以及上述的組合物。該等肥料可根據本領域內廣為人知的程序調製。
殺蟲劑及肥料混合物以粒劑、片劑、棒劑及片塊的形式於本領域內廣為人知。然而,該等產品的表現未如理想,尤其是大規模農業應用。例如,專利US5,783,203描述肥料及昆蟲菸鹼性乙醯膽鹼受體興奮劑或拮抗劑的混合物。該混合物調製為棒劑,適合作保護觀賞室內植物之用,但不適合作農用。
專利申請US2006/0166939描述了噴劑形式的殺蟲肥料劑型。然而,在施用劑型時,存在的強酸的鹽會損害植物。
研究發現,使用本發明的組合物,大大減少對環境
的影響,同時亦減輕種植者的工作量。更重要的是,與N-芳基吡唑類的已知劑型相比,本發明的組合物顯著提升殺蟲效能,從而大幅增加作物產量。尤其是,研究發現,氮基肥料的存在可減少通式(I)的活性化合物的植物毒性,從而減少對目標植物的傷害和增加產量。
誠如上文所載,本發明的組合物包括一種或多種通式(I)的殺蟲活性化合物。在通式(I)的化合物中,烷基、鹵烷基及鹵烷氧基的部份可含有任何適合數目的碳原子,該等部份較佳的是含有1至12個碳原子,更佳的是含有1至8個碳原子,特佳的是含有1至4個碳原子。理想的基團為甲基、鹵甲基、鹵甲氧基、乙基、鹵乙基、鹵乙氧基、丙基、鹵丙基及鹵丙氧基。
同樣地,在通式(I)化合物中,烯基部份可含有任何適合數目的碳原子,該等部份較佳的是含有1至12個碳原子,更佳的是含有1至8個碳原子,特佳的是含有1至4個碳原子。理想的基團為乙烯基及丙烯基。
在通式(I)化合物中,烷基、烯基、鹵烷基及鹵烷氧基可以為直鏈或支鏈。
在通式(I)化合物中,帶有鹵素的基團可包括一種或多種適合的鹵素原子,較佳為氟或氯原子。
在通式(I)化合物中,R1較佳為甲基、鹵素(尤其是氟或氯)或CN。尤其理想的通式(I)化合物為R1係CN的化合物。
此外,在通式(I)化合物中,R2較佳為4,5-二氰基咪
唑-2-基、鹵甲基(尤其為經一或多個氟或氯原子取代的甲基)或S(O)mR7。在S(O)mR7通式中,m可為0至2之間的整數,較佳為1。R7可為烷基或鹵烷基,較佳為鹵烷基,尤其是含有一或多個氟原子的鹵烷基。尤其理想的通式(I)化合物為R7係包含一個或多個氟取代基的甲基(尤其是CF3)的化合物。
在通式(I)化合物中,R3選自氫、鹵素、NR8R9、S(O)nR10、C(O)R11、烷基、鹵烷基、OR12或N=CR13R14。倘R3為鹵素,較佳為氯或氟。在R3為S(O)nR10的化合物中,n較佳為1,而R10較佳為甲基或含有一或多個鹵素(尤其為氟或氯)的甲基。在R3為C(O)R11的化合物中,R11較佳為氫或甲基。除此之外,R3亦可為烷基,其可選擇性包含一或多個鹵取代基,理想的基團為甲基或含有一或多個鹵素)(尤其為氟或氯)的甲基。在R3為OR12的通式(I)化合物中,R12為烷基,其可選擇性包含一或多個鹵取代基,理想的基團為甲基或含有一或多個鹵素(尤其為氟或氯)的甲基。此外,R3亦可為N=CR13R14,當中R13為選擇性經一或多個鹵素(較佳為氯或氟)、OH、烷基(較佳為甲基)、烷氧基(較佳為甲氧基)或氰基取代之苯基。
尤其理想的通式(I)化合物為R3係NR8R9的化合物。在此等化合物中,R8及R9彼此獨立代表氫、烷基(較佳為甲基)、烯基(較佳為乙烯基或丙烯基,可選擇性帶有一或多個甲基分支)、鹵烷基(較佳為含有一
或多個氟或氯原子的甲基)、烷氧羰基(較佳為甲氧羰基)或S(O)qCF3(q較佳為1)。尤其理想的是R3為NR8R9,當中R8及R9均為氫(-NH2)。在可選實施方案中,R3為NR8R9,其中R8為氫原子,而R9則可為烯基(尤其為帶有甲基分支的丙烯基)。
在通式(I)化合物中,R4及R6可為氫、鹵素、鹵烷基(較佳為帶有一或多個氟或氯原子的甲基)、氰基或硝基。本發明組合物尤其包含R4及R6均為鹵素原子的化合物,當中兩者尤其理想為相同的鹵素,特別是氯。
在通式(I)化合物中,R5可為氫、鹵素(較佳為氯或氟)、鹵烷基(較佳為含有一或多個氟或氯原子的甲基)、鹵烷氧基(較佳為含有一或多個氟或氯原子的甲氧基)或S(O)pR15。較理想的R5為S(O)pR15,其中p較佳為1,而R15則較佳為甲基或帶有一或多個氟或氯原子的甲基。尤其理想的是R5為帶有三個鹵取代基(尤其是CF3)的甲基。
本發明組合物較理想的通式(I)化合物包括以下化合物:5-胺基-1-[2,6-二氯-α,α,α-三氟對甲苯]-4-[(三氟甲基)亞磺醯基]-吡唑-3-甲腈(氟蟲腈Fipronil);1-[2,6-二氯-α,α,α-三氟對甲苯]-5-[2-甲基烯丙基-胺基]-4-[(三氟甲基)亞磺醯基]-吡唑-3-甲腈(丁烯氟蟲腈Flufiprole);5-胺基-1-[2,6-二氯-α,α,α-三氟對甲苯]-4-(乙基亞磺
醯基)-吡唑-3-甲腈(乙蟲腈Ethiprole);1-[5-胺基-1-[2,6-二氯-α,α,α-三氟對甲苯]-4-(甲基亞磺醯基)-吡唑-3-基]-乙酮(乙醯蟲腈Acetoprole);(RS)-O-[1-(4-氯苯基)-吡唑-4-基-O-乙基-S-丙基-硫代磷酸酯](吡唑硫磷Pyraclofos);1-[2,6-二氯-α,α,α-三氟對甲苯]-4-[(氟甲基)硫基]-5-[(吡甲基)胺基]-吡唑-3-甲腈(吡氟蟲腈Pyrafluprole);1-[2,6-二氯-α,α,α-三氟對甲苯]-4-[(二氟甲基)硫基]-5-[(2-吡啶甲基)胺基]-吡唑-3-甲腈(吡啶氟蟲腈Pyriprole);3-甲基-1-苯基-吡唑-5-基二甲基胺基甲酸酯(吡唑威Pyrolan);及E-1-[2,6-二氯-α,α,α-三氟對甲苯]-5-[4-羥基-3-甲氧基苯亞甲基胺基]-4-[(三氟甲基)硫基]-吡唑-3-甲腈(甲烯氟蟲腈Vaniliprole)。
研究發現,本發明組合物是配製通用名稱為氟蟲腈的5-胺基-1-[2,6-二氯-α,α,α-三氟對甲苯]-4-[(三氟甲基)亞磺醯基]-吡唑-3-甲腈尤其有效的方法。
組合物中通式(I)化合物存在的含量可有很大差異,因應在場所施用組合物時最終使用的形式及應用等因素而定。理想而言,通式(I)的化合物的含量佔組合物重量的0.5至80%,尤其理想的為重量的1至50%。
本發明的組合物亦可包含一或多種氮基肥料。「氮
基肥料」一詞表示一種含氮的主要營養素,而所有植物的生長均需要一定份量的此類營養素。任何適合的氮基肥料亦包含在此組合物。較理想的氮基肥料選自銨鹽(如硫酸銨、硝酸銨、磷酸銨)、無水氨、氨水、流體氮肥、尿素、脲-甲醛縮合物、尿素硝酸銨、胺基酸及金屬硝酸鹽(如硝酸鈉、硝酸鉀、硝酸鈣及硝酸鎂)。此外,亦可加入微量營養素的鹽(較理想為錳、鎂、鐵、硼、銅、鋅,鉬及/或鈷)及植物激素(如維他命B1或吲哚乙酸)。
組合物中氮基肥料的含量可為任何適合的份量。其一般含量為重量的0.5至50%;較理想為重量的2至40%;更理想為重量的5至20%。
通式(I)的化合物及氮基肥料可同時包含於組合物中或以任何互相對應的比例施用。當中兩種組成部分在組合物中彼此獨立的重量比例,較理想為100:1至1:100,更理想的比例為1:20至20:1。
通式(I)的化合物及氮基肥料可於單一劑型或分別以不同劑型施用。如屬後者,則通式(I)的殺蟲活性化合物及氮基肥料可連續、分開或同時施用。
本發明的組合物可含有一種或多種助劑。組合物所選用的助劑及其用量將因應劑型種類及/或最終使用者施用劑型的形式而定。適合的助劑為所有慣常劑型助劑或組成部分,包括溶劑、界面活性劑、安定劑、抗發泡劑、抗凍劑、防腐劑、抗氧劑、色料、增稠劑及惰性
填料。此等助劑於本領域內廣為人知,並於市面有售。其使用於配製本發明的組合物對於本領域的技術人員將是顯而易見的。
組合物可含有一種或多種溶劑,而溶劑可為有機或無機。適合的溶劑選自所有能有效徹底溶解農業化學活性物質的慣常溶劑。此等溶劑於本領域內廣為人知,並於市面有售。例子包括水;芳烴溶劑,如二甲苯,例如Solvesso TM出售的溶劑產品;礦物油;動物油;植物油;醇,例如甲醇、丁醇、戊醇、苯甲醇;酮,例如環己酮及γ-丁內酯;吡咯烷酮,例如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)、N-辛基-2-吡咯烷酮(NOP);乙酸酯,例如乙二醇二乙酸酯;甘醇;脂肪酸二甲基醯胺;脂肪酸;及脂肪酸酯。
組合物可另外含有一種或多種界面活性劑。合適的界面活性劑包括但不限於:木質素磺酸、萘磺酸、苯酚磺酸、二丁萘磺酸的鹼金屬、鹼土金屬及銨鹽;烷基芳香基磺酸鹽;烷基硫酸鹽;烷基磺酸鹽;芳香基磺酸鹽;脂肪醇硫酸鹽;脂肪酸及硫酸化脂肪醇乙二醇醚;磺化萘及萘衍生物與甲醛的縮合物;萘或萘磺酸與苯酚、辛基苯酚、壬基苯酚的縮合物;烷基苯基聚乙二醇醚;三丁基苯基聚乙二醇醚、三硬脂醯基苯基聚乙二醇醚、烷基芳香基聚醚醇;醇及脂族醇與環氧乙烷的縮合物;乙氧基化蓖麻油;聚氧乙烯烷基醚;乙氧基化聚氧丙烯;月桂醇聚乙二醇醚縮醛;山梨醇酯;木質素-亞硫酸鹽
廢液;甲基纖維素;及環氧乙烷/環氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物。
組合物可另外含有一種或多種聚合物安定劑。適合用於本發明的聚合物安定劑包括但不限於聚丙烯、聚異丁烯、聚異戊二烯、單烯烴及二烯烴的共聚物、聚丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚醋酸乙烯酯、聚氨基甲酸酯及聚醯胺。適合的安定劑於本領域內廣為人知,並於市面有售。
組合物可含有抗發泡劑。適合的抗發泡劑包括那些一般能用於農業化學組合物的物質,並對於本領域的技術人員將是顯而易見的。適合的抗發泡劑於本領域內廣為人知,並於市面有售。尤其理想的抗發泡劑為聚二甲基矽氧烷及全氟烷基膦酸的混合物(如GE或Compton出售的矽氧烷抗發泡劑)。
組合物亦可含有一種或多種防腐劑。適合的防腐劑包括所有一般能用於此類型農業化學組合物的防腐物質,該等防腐物質亦於本領域內廣為人知。值得一提的適合例子包括Preventol®(Bayer AG出售)及Proxel®(Bayer AG出售)。
此外,組合物可含有一種或多種抗氧劑。適合的抗氧劑為所有一般能用於農業化學組合物的抗氧物質,該等抗氧物質於本領域內廣為人知。優選的例子是丁基化羥基甲苯(BHT)。
組合物可另外含有一種或多種固體黏合劑。此等黏合劑於本領域內廣為人知,並於市面有售。其中包括有
機黏合劑(包括增黏劑,例如取代纖維素的纖維素、粉狀、粒狀或層狀的天然或合成聚合物),以及無機黏合劑(例如石膏、矽土或水泥)。
組合物可另外含有一種或多種惰性填料。此等惰性填料於本領域內廣為人知,並於市面有售。其中包括天然研碎的礦,如高嶺土、礬土、滑石、白堊、石英、凹凸棒石、蒙脫石及矽藻土;及合成磨碎的礦,如高分散矽酸、氧化鋁、矽酸鹽;磷酸鈣;及磷酸氫鈣。適合粒劑的惰性填料包括:粉碎及分級天然礦物,如方解石、大理石、浮石、海泡石及白雲岩;無機及磨碎的有機材料的合成顆粒;及有機材料的顆粒,如鋸木屑、椰子殼、玉米穗軸及煙梗。
組合物可另外含有一種或多種增稠劑。適合的增稠劑為所有一般能用於農業化學組合物的增稠物質。適合的增稠劑包括樹膠(如黃原膠)、聚乙烯醇(PVOH)、纖維素及其衍生物、粘土水合矽酸鹽、鋁鎂矽酸鹽或以上的混合物。同樣地,此等增稠劑於本領域內廣為人知,並於市面有售。
通式(I)的殺蟲活性化合物及氮基肥料,以及任何其他任選的農藥,均可於純質狀態以固體有效成分形式施用及使用(如以指定顆粒大小或較理想地與最少一種助劑組成部分一併使用),此方法於劑型技術中慣常使用,亦已在前段詳細說明。
殺蟲組合物可以上述任何適合劑型使用。較理想的
劑型為粒劑、懸浮濃縮劑、水分散性粒劑、水溶性粒劑、水分散性粉劑、水溶性粉劑或可流動的懸液。
本發明組合物可施用於目標植物或有關植物、其一或多個部分(如葉或種子)或其四周。
在一個實施方案中,通式(I)的化合物及氮基肥料的組合是以前述的組合物形式施用。
本發明中預混組合的物實施方案的製劑類型例子如下:
A)水溶性濃縮劑(SL)
一或多種殺蟲有效的通式(I)化合物及氮基肥料於水溶性溶劑中溶解,亦可加入一或多種濕潤劑及/或其他助劑。活性化合物可於水中稀釋時溶解。
B)可乳化濃縮劑(EC)
一或多種殺蟲有效的通式(I)化合物及氮基肥料可於加入一或多種非離子乳化劑及陽離子乳化劑的溶劑中溶解。混合物於攪動(如攪拌)後取得一個均勻的劑型。以水稀釋後可成為穩定的乳液。
C)乳劑(EW)
一或多種殺蟲有效的通式(I)化合物及氮基肥料可於一或多添加了一或多非離子乳化劑及陽離子乳化劑的適合溶劑中溶解。所得的混合物可透過適當的方法(如乳化機)加入水中並製成一個均勻的水基乳劑。以水稀釋後可成為穩定的乳液。
D)懸浮劑(SC,OD,FS)
在攪拌珠磨機內,一或多種殺蟲有效的通式(I)化合物及氮基肥料加入一或多種分散劑及濕潤劑、水或溶劑研成粉末,製成微細的活性化合物懸浮劑。以水稀釋後可成為穩定的活性化合物懸浮劑。
E)水分散性粒劑及水溶性粒劑(WG,SG)
一或多種殺蟲有效的通式(I)化合物及氮基肥料加入一或多個分散劑及濕潤劑後磨碎成微粒,透過合適的技術(如通過擠壓、在噴霧塔中烘乾或在流化床中進行處理)製成水分散性或水溶性粒劑。以水稀釋後可成為穩定的活性化合物分散液或溶液。
F)水分散性粉劑及水溶性粉劑(WP,SP)
於一或多種殺蟲有效的通式(I)化合物及氮基肥料中,加入一或多種分散劑、濕潤劑及矽凝膠,並以合適的裝置磨碎(如轉子一定子磨機)。以水稀釋後可成為穩定的活性化合物分散液或溶液。
G)粒劑(GR、FG、GG、MG)
於一或多種殺蟲有效的通式(I)化合物及氮基肥料中,加入最多99.5重量份的載體並以合適的裝置磨碎成微粒,透過合適的技術(如通過擠壓、噴霧塔烘乾或利用流化床)製成粒劑。
另一方面,本發明提供了一種保護植物免受昆蟲侵害從而增加作物產量的方法。此方法包括於植物、植物的其中一個部分或其四周施用如前述的通式(I)的殺蟲活性化合物及氮基肥料。
本發明的組合物可預防或消除昆蟲對植物的侵擾,促進植物生長。
本發明的組合物更可用以增加作物產量。目標作物包括尤其適合的穀類,如小麥、大麥、黑麥、燕麥、稻米、玉米、高粱、小米及木薯類植物;甜菜(如糖用甜菜及飼用甜菜);生果,如梨果、核果及無核小果,包括蘋果、洋梨、洋李、桃子、杏仁、櫻桃或莓果(如草莓、木莓及黑莓);豆科植物(如豆、扁豆、豌豆及大豆);油科植物(如油菜、芥末、罌粟、橄欖、向日葵、椰子、蓖麻、可可豆及落花生);葫蘆科植物(如西葫蘆、黃瓜及甜瓜);纖維植物(如棉花、亞麻、***及黃麻);柑橘類水果(如橙、檸檬、葡萄柚及橘子);蔬菜(如菠菜、萵苣、蘆筍、捲心菜、胡蘿蔔、洋蔥、蕃茄、馬鈴薯及紅辣椒);樟科植物(如鱷梨、肉桂及樟樹);以及菸草、堅果、咖啡、茄子、甘蔗、茶樹、胡椒、藤蔓、啤酒花、香蕉、天然橡膠植物、桉屬植物及觀賞植物。尤其理想的使用範圍為落花生、可可豆、甘蔗、椰子、稻米、棉花、小米、玉米、木薯類植物、高粱及桉屬植物的作物。
一般而言,組合物可根據處理場所的需要而配製及施用,使通式(I)的殺蟲有效成分可以任何適合的比率施用。尤其是,組合物可按情況配製,使通式(I)化合物可以每公頃10克至1000克的比率施用,較理想的比率為10克至500克,而更理想的比率則為每公頃10克至200
克。
如上述,通式(I)的殺蟲活性化合物及氮基肥料可以任何適合的形式施用,並可同時或相隔短時間(如一天內)接續於需要治理的場所內施用。在理想的實施例中,通式(I)的殺蟲活性化合物及氮基肥料乃同時施用,以本發明的組合物進行更尤為理想。通式(I)的殺蟲活性化合物及氮基肥料可以任何次序施用於植物或場所上。每種化合物可施用一次或數次。每種化合物施用數次(二至五次)是較理想的做法,當中以三次尤其為理想。
通式(I)的殺蟲活性化合物及氮基肥料可以任何互相對應的分量施用。特別是,施用於植物或場所的化合物相對分量如前述相同,通式(I)化合物對氮基肥料的比例以1:100至100:1間較為理想。
在通式(I)的殺蟲活性化合物及氮基肥料同時施用的情況下,兩者可從獨立的劑型來源取得後混合(稱為噴霧涌混合配料、即施物、噴霧用湯液或漿料),再選擇性地與其他農藥混合;或以單一劑型混合物來源取得(稱為預混、濃縮劑、配製化合物(或產品))並可選擇性地與其他農藥再混合。
在進一步的方面,本發明提供了以如前所述通式(I)的殺蟲活性化合物及氮基肥料應用在場所內處理植物。如前所述,使用通式(I)的殺蟲活性化合物及氮基肥料時可以分開或組合成單一劑型施用。
如上所述,使用如前所述的一或多種殺蟲有效的通式(I)化合物及氮基肥料可以改善被處理的目標植物的產量。「產量」一詞於本文中指由植物製造有經濟價值的任何植物產品,如穀類、生果、蔬菜、堅果、種子、木材或花。此等植物產品可於收成後進一步使用及/或加工。將以下的植物特性與在相同環境下生長但沒有施用本發明殺蟲肥料的植物作比較,便可了解當中「產量」的增加:
-植物重量及/或高度上升;
-生物量上升(如鮮重及/或乾重上升)
-分蘖數量上升及/或變得更強壯
-葉子變得更大及/或更綠
-基生葉死亡數量下降
-枝梢生長量上升
-提早萌芽
-提早開花
-穀粒提早成熟
-穀物產量上升
-生果數量及產量(重量)上升
-蛋白質含量上升
-油含量上升
-澱粉質含量上升
-色素含量上升
在又一個方面,本發明提供了一個減少前述通式(I)
化合物對在場所內植物的植物毒性之方法,該方法包括在該場所內施加前述通式(I)化合物及氮基肥料。
在又一個方面,本發明提供了一個利用氮基肥料以減少前述通式(I)化合物的植物毒性之方法。
本發明將根據以下實施例進一步描述(僅以說明方式描述):
含通式(I)化合物及氮基肥料的水溶性濃縮劑以下表所載的成分調製:
含通式(I)化合物及氮基肥料的可乳化濃縮劑以下表所載的成分調製:
含通式(I)化合物及氮基肥料的水分散性粉劑以下表所載的成分調製:
含通式(I)化合物及氮基肥料的水分散性粒劑以下表所載的成分調製:
含通式(I)化合物及氮基肥料的懸浮劑已調製,成分概述於下表:
含通式(I)化合物及氮基肥料的水溶性濃縮劑已調製,成分概述於下表:
含通式(I)化合物及氮基肥料的水分散性粒劑已調製,成分概述於下表:
懸浮種衣劑組合物以下表所載的成分調製:
含通式(I)化合物及氮基肥料的水溶性濃縮劑已調製,成分概述於下表:
含通式(I)化合物及氮基肥料的粒狀組合物已調製,成分概述於下表:
在溫室播上大豆種子。於發育期及開花初期以氟蟲腈(來自BASF的Regent®)及上述實施例1至10的各劑型處理大豆植物。施用比率載於下表。作物成熟時,收割並以噸/公頃為單位量度穀粒產量。
根據上述數據,於處理大豆植物時加入氮基肥料,能有效改善穀粒產量。與未處理植物相比,用含有活性成分但沒有氮基肥料的組合物進行處理,穀粒產量因氟蟲腈的植物毒性而降低。於處理植物時添加氮基肥料能減少活性成分的植物毒性。高濃度的肥料成分可有效除去氟蟲腈的植物毒性,從而提高穀粒產量。
稻米種子於30℃的水中發芽48小時後在花盆播種。出苗後,將氟蟲腈(來自BASF的Regent®)及上述實施例1至10的各劑型施用於泥土上。施用比率載於下表。允許植物成熟至收成期,此時以噸/公頃為單位量度穀粒產量。
於初夏,在每塊約5000平方呎(約465平方米)
的土地上各佈置平均九個火蟻窩並進行處理。處理前先點算每塊土地活著的蟻窩數量。每個處理重複三次,施用氟蟲腈(來自BASF的Regent®)及上述實施例1至10的各劑型。在處理日後「DAT」第30、60及90日(直至初秋)點算活著的蟻窩並根據處理前的點算數目計算蟻窩減少百分比,以評估效用。測試結果如下:
將蕪菁葉盤置於培養皿內的瓊脂中並以20隻幼蟲(二齡硬蜱)感染。每個處理重複四次,施用氟蟲腈(來自BASF的Regent®)及上述實施例1至10的各劑型。在處理後第四至五天測定幼蟲的死亡率。測試結果如下:
Claims (21)
- 一種殺蟲組合物,其包括:a)殺蟲有效量的一種或多種通式(I)化合物:
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之殺蟲組合物,其中R1為氟、氯或CN。
- 根據申請專利範圍第2項之殺蟲組合物,其中R1為CN。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之殺蟲組合物,其中R2為S(O)mR7。
- 根據申請專利範圍第4項之殺蟲組合物,其中R7為鹵烷基。
- 根據申請專利範圍第5項之殺蟲組合物,其中R7為CF3。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至6項中任一項之殺蟲組合物,其中m為1。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至6項中任一項之殺蟲組合物,其中R3為NR8R9。
- 根據申請專利範圍第8項之殺蟲組合物,其中R8及R9均為氫。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至6項中任一項之殺蟲組合物,其中R4及R6均為鹵素。
- 根據申請專利範圍第10項之殺蟲組合物,其中R4及R6均為氯。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至6項中任一項之殺蟲組合物,其中R5為鹵烷基。
- 根據申請專利範圍第12項之殺蟲組合物,其中R5為CF3。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至6項中任一項之殺蟲組合物,其中通式(I)化合物是選自:5-胺基-1-[2,6-二氯-α,α,α-三氟對甲苯]-4-[(三氟甲基)亞磺醯基]-吡唑-3-甲腈(氟蟲腈Fipronil);1-[2,6-二氯-α,α,α-三氟對甲苯]-5-[2-甲基烯丙基胺基]-4-[(三氟甲基)亞磺醯基]-吡唑-3-甲腈(丁烯氟蟲腈Flufiprole);5-胺基-1-[2,6-二氯-α,α,α-三氟對甲苯]-4-(乙基亞磺醯基)-吡唑-3-甲腈(乙蟲腈Ethiprole);1-[5-胺基-1-[2,6-二氯-α,α,α-三氟對甲苯]-4-(甲基亞磺醯基)-吡唑-3-基]-乙酮(乙醯蟲腈Acetoprole);(RS)-O-[1-(4-氯苯基)-吡唑-4-基-O-乙基-S-丙 基-硫代磷酸酯](吡唑硫磷Pyraclofos);1-[2,6-二氯-α,α,α-三氟對甲苯]-4-[(氟甲基)硫基]-5-[(吡甲基)胺基]-吡唑-3-甲腈(吡氟蟲腈Pyrafluprole);1-[2,6-二氯-α,α,α-三氟對甲苯]-4-[(二氟甲基)硫基]-5-[(2-吡啶甲基)胺基]-吡唑-3-甲腈(吡啶氟蟲腈Pyriprole);3-甲基-1-苯基-吡唑-5-基二甲基胺基甲酸酯(吡唑威Pyrolan);及(E)-1-[2,6-二氯-α,α,α-三氟對甲苯]-5-[4-羥基-3-甲氧基苯亞甲基胺基]-4-[(三氟甲基)硫基]-吡唑-3-甲腈(甲烯氟蟲腈Vaniliprole)。
- 根據申請專利範圍第14項之殺蟲組合物,其中通式(I)化合物為氟蟲腈。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至6項中任一項之殺蟲組合物,其中通式(I)化合物之含量佔重量的1至50%。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至6項中任一項之殺蟲組合物,其中還包括一或多種微量營養素的鹽。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至6項中任一項之殺蟲組合物,其中通式(I)化合物與氮基肥料的重量比例為1:20至20:1。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至6項中任一項之殺蟲組合物,其中又包括一或多種選自溶劑、界面活性劑、安定劑、抗發泡劑、抗凍劑、防腐劑、抗氧劑、色料、增稠劑、惰性填料及其混合物之助劑。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至6項中任一項之殺蟲組合物,其中該組合物為粒劑、懸浮濃縮劑、水分散性粒劑、水溶性粒劑、水分散性粉劑、水溶性粉劑或可流動的懸液。
- 一種根據申請專利範圍第1至20項中任一項之組合物於處理在場所內的植物之用途。
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CN106106477B (zh) * | 2016-06-27 | 2018-09-21 | 青岛润生农化有限公司 | 含甲维盐与乙酰虫腈的杀虫组合物 |
WO2020245235A1 (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2020-12-10 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Stabilized plant protection product formulations |
CN110256351B (zh) * | 2019-06-13 | 2024-03-15 | 北京大学 | 一种氟虫腈及其类似物的合成方法 |
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WO2008083709A1 (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2008-07-17 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Insecticidal fertilizer mixtures |
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CN101622992A (zh) * | 2009-08-01 | 2010-01-13 | 深圳诺普信农化股份有限公司 | 一种杀虫剂水分散粒剂及其制备方法 |
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CN1188395A (zh) * | 1995-04-28 | 1998-07-22 | 罗纳-普朗克农业化学公司 | N-芳基吡唑或n-杂芳基吡唑化合物调节植物生长的应用 |
WO2008083709A1 (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2008-07-17 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Insecticidal fertilizer mixtures |
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TN2014000179A1 (en) | 2015-09-30 |
PE20142013A1 (es) | 2014-12-16 |
TW201325456A (zh) | 2013-07-01 |
ECSP14013338A (es) | 2015-05-29 |
GB2496389A (en) | 2013-05-15 |
CO6950489A2 (es) | 2014-05-20 |
CN103957712B (zh) | 2018-01-16 |
GB2496389B (en) | 2016-06-15 |
CN103957712A (zh) | 2014-07-30 |
AR088797A1 (es) | 2014-07-10 |
AP2014007616A0 (en) | 2014-05-31 |
IN2014CN03351A (zh) | 2015-07-03 |
BR102012000681A2 (pt) | 2013-09-10 |
WO2013067894A1 (en) | 2013-05-16 |
GB201119286D0 (en) | 2011-12-21 |
CL2014001184A1 (es) | 2014-08-29 |
MA35622B1 (fr) | 2014-11-01 |
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