TWI555552B - A mobile x-ray unit and a method for dosimetry control - Google Patents
A mobile x-ray unit and a method for dosimetry control Download PDFInfo
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本發明係有關於一種移動式X光單元包括一基座用以容置一控制單元及一電源供應器，且更包括一鉸接可位移式臂以支撐具一X光管之一X光裝療器，用以透過一出口視窗發出一X光射束以幅射一目標。 The invention relates to a mobile X-ray unit comprising a base for accommodating a control unit and a power supply, and further comprising an articulated displaceable arm for supporting an X-ray treatment with an X-ray tube The device emits an X-ray beam through an exit window to illuminate a target.
本發明更有關於一種移動式X光單元產生之X光射束之劑量測定控制方法。 The invention further relates to a dosimetry control method for an X-ray beam produced by a mobile X-ray unit.
皮膚癌在20世紀的近10年來發病率有增加的驅勢，專業醫療人員在早期診斷、物資(logistics)及提供適當治療方面需投入大量的精神。然而，值得欣慰的是每年超過130萬種新的皮膚癌被確診，且以每年約5%的速度增加。在沒有皮膚保護的情況下增加在太陽下曝曬的機會及臭氧層的減少是最主要的原因-估計每年將耗資超過10億歐元在此項疾病的醫療費用上。超過80%的皮膚癌是發生在頭部及頸部區域，且50%是發生在超過60歲的患者身上。相較於現在的人口統計資料，預計到2025年時老年人口將會是現今的兩倍。 The incidence of skin cancer has increased in the past 10 years in the 20th century, and professional medical personnel need to invest a lot of spirit in early diagnosis, logistics and providing appropriate treatment. However, it is gratifying that more than 1.3 million new skin cancers are diagnosed each year and increase at a rate of about 5% per year. Increasing exposure to the sun and reduction of the ozone layer without skin protection is the main reason - it is estimated that more than 1 billion euros will be spent each year on the medical costs of the disease. More than 80% of skin cancers occur in the head and neck areas, and 50% occur in patients over 60 years of age. Compared to current demographics, it is expected that by 2025 the elderly population will be twice as large as today.
實質上為表面病變(superficial lesions)之非增生性癌(non proliferated cancer)可以以不同的方式治療。首先，可考慮手術。然而，然而缺點在於等待時間安排很長且術後治療複雜，而且於術後創傷可能造成感染的風險 亦高。其次，可考慮用軟X光(soft X-ray)電子照射。此種方式具有非侵入性之優點，其每一處理療程可短至2或3分鐘，值得高興的是通常用於放射治療技術作為整理治療時是包括一定數量之療程。 Non proliferated cancer, which is essentially superficial lesions, can be treated in different ways. First, surgery can be considered. However, the disadvantage is that the waiting time is long and the postoperative treatment is complicated, and the risk of infection may be caused by postoperative trauma. Also high. Second, soft X-ray electron irradiation can be considered. This approach has the advantage of being non-invasive, with each treatment being as short as 2 or 3 minutes, and it is gratifying that the radiation therapy technique typically includes a certain number of treatments as a finishing treatment.
因此，越多越多的皮膚癌發病率及老年人口部份在人口統計整體中比例的增加，對癌症治療處理物資上構成實質上的挑戰。 Therefore, the more the incidence of skin cancer and the increase in the proportion of the elderly population in the overall demographics, pose a substantial challenge to cancer treatment and treatment materials.
近年來，通常建議使用移動式及可攜式X光單元，其可用於醫院之放射治療部門。此類的可攜式單元的實施例如專利公開號US2007/0076851中所述。此已知的單元包括一X光裝療器包括一X光源提供有一過濾裝置具有複數個濾器，可旋轉地對應配置相對於X光管的一聚焦點(focal point)，用以因應需求而改變過濾特性。複數個濾器是配置於過濾裝置中，橫向地相對於X光管之一縱軸而配置。這樣的配置需要有其它的考量，以提供X光射束朝向濾器平面。此已知裝置係使用將X光裝療器相對於患者皮膚一些距離而定位。 In recent years, it has been generally recommended to use mobile and portable X-ray units, which can be used in the hospital's radiation therapy department. An implementation of such a portable unit is described, for example, in Patent Publication No. US2007/0076851. The known unit includes an X-ray device including an X-ray source and a filter device having a plurality of filters rotatably corresponding to a focal point relative to the X-ray tube for changing according to needs Filtering characteristics. A plurality of filters are disposed in the filter device and are disposed laterally relative to one of the longitudinal axes of the X-ray tube. Such a configuration requires additional considerations to provide an X-ray beam toward the filter plane. This known device uses a distance from the X-ray applicator relative to the patient's skin.
此已知X光管的缺點在於從X光裝療器所發出之X光射束至患者之待治療區域之間的實際界定(delineation)控制不易。 A disadvantage of this known X-ray tube is that the actual delineation control between the X-ray beam emitted from the X-ray device to the patient's area to be treated is not easy.
本發明之一目的係提供一種改良的移動式X光單元。更特別的是，本發明之一目的係提供一種移動式X光單 元，其中X光射束可以依可控制之方式而提供。 It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved mobile X-ray unit. More particularly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a mobile X-ray single Element, wherein the X-ray beam can be provided in a controllable manner.
基於此，依據本發明之移動式X光單元包括一內建劑量測定系統(dosimetry system)適於進行線上(on-line)或即時(real time)劑量測定控制。 Based on this, the mobile X-ray unit according to the invention comprises a built-in dosimetry system suitable for on-line or real time dosimetry control.
在本文中所用之”移動式(mobile)”及”可攜式(portable)”是可互換的，且其意義等同於一可輕易移動或運輸之裝置，舉例來說，可由單一個人所移動或運輸之裝置。 As used herein, "mobile" and "portable" are interchangeable and are equivalent to a device that can be easily moved or transported, for example, by a single individual or Transport device.
劑量測定系統可建置於X光管或X光裝療器上。或者是，劑量測定系統可適於配置於X光裝療器之出口視窗及目標之間，在其連接到移動式X光裝置之控制下時。 The dosimetry system can be placed on an X-ray tube or an X-ray device. Alternatively, the dosimetry system can be adapted to be placed between the exit window of the X-ray applicator and the target when it is connected to the control of the mobile X-ray device.
可以發現，提供劑量測定系統的好處在於，其大致上為即時地可以提供放射劑量分佈在或靠近目標區域之訊息。劑量測定系統可包括一薄膜(film)、熱釋光測年法(thermoluminescent)裝置、或半導體偵測器。然而，其他型態之已知之劑量計(dosimeter)亦可以使用。舉例來說，可使用適合之電離室(ionization chamber)，特別是具有平行板結構者，如Markus室。為了提供劑量分佈於及/或靠近於一目標區域之數據，劑量測定系統可具有適合之複數個劑量偵測裝置，如電離室、熱釋光測年法裝置、薄膜、半導體偵測器等等。此將有助於控制X光射束之外型(profile)。 It has been found that the benefit of providing a dosimetry system is that it is substantially instantaneous to provide a message that the radiation dose is distributed at or near the target area. The dosimetry system can include a film, a thermoluminescent device, or a semiconductor detector. However, other known dosimeters can also be used. For example, a suitable ionization chamber can be used, especially one with a parallel plate structure, such as a Markus chamber. In order to provide data on the dose distribution and/or proximity to a target area, the dosimetry system can have a plurality of dose detection devices, such as ionization chambers, thermoluminescence dating devices, membranes, semiconductor detectors, etc. . This will help control the X-ray beam profile.
當劑量測定系統位於X光裝療器內側或X光管內側時，更好的是位於X光射束之外側以放射患者。因為X光 大致上是於三維方向上產生，上述之放置是較合適的。 When the dosimetry system is located inside the X-ray device or inside the X-ray tube, it is better to be located outside the X-ray beam to radiate the patient. Because X-ray It is generally produced in a three-dimensional direction, and the above placement is more suitable.
在一實施例中，劑量測定系統係對應於X光管提供之絕對劑量而校準，以此方式之下，可得到可靠之即時劑量測定。 In one embodiment, the dosimetry system is calibrated corresponding to the absolute dose provided by the X-ray tube, in which way a reliable immediate dosimetry can be obtained.
更好的是，其可以為利用一常數(constant)校正值以將偵測之讀出訊號轉換為提供之劑量，或者可以為利用一適合之方程式，修正偵測器之年限及/或加熱X光管。更佳的是，使用一校正因子(factor)，其可以視X光裝療器之角度為內部調校改變，其將造成所提供劑量之誤差。 More preferably, it may be to use a constant correction value to convert the detected read signal into a supplied dose, or may use a suitable equation to correct the age of the detector and/or heat X Light pipe. More preferably, a correction factor is used which can be internally calibrated depending on the angle of the X-ray treatment, which will cause an error in the provided dose.
更好的是，依據本發明之劑量測定系統，其可適於提供一控制訊號至移動式X光單元之主控制器，依此可開關X光管。另外，劑量測定系統可適於提供移動式X光單元之主控制器之進一步的控制，當劑定劑量提供時。更佳之依據本發明之實施例之後將參考第6圖做說明。 More preferably, the dosimetry system according to the present invention can be adapted to provide a control signal to the main controller of the mobile X-ray unit, whereby the X-ray tube can be switched. Additionally, the dosimetry system can be adapted to provide further control of the main controller of the mobile X-ray unit when the dose is provided. More preferably, embodiments according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
利用設想定位於X光裝療器及目標之間之劑量測定裝置具有額外之優點，當此類裝置之優點在於其材質可確保建立電子平衡(electronic equilibrium)於或靠近於目標表面時。基於此，建制在目標內側之劑量深度比例(percentage depth dose)更有利於相較於習知技術之表面劑量之絕對數值。更好的是，皮膚治療表面劑量最好不要高於既定劑量深度之137%。一般來說，既定劑量深度從皮膚表面起算約為5mm之深度。 It is an additional advantage to utilize a dosimetry device that is envisioned to be positioned between the X-ray device and the target, when such device has the advantage that its material ensures that an electronic equilibrium is established at or near the target surface. Based on this, the percentage depth dose built on the inside of the target is more advantageous than the absolute value of the surface dose of the prior art. More preferably, the skin treatment surface dose is preferably no more than 137% of the established dose depth. Generally, the established dose depth is about 5 mm from the skin surface.
由於額外材質(一薄膜或一偵測器)的存在，目標內側的劑量深度比例是有利於改變減少表面劑量，在正常劑量 為5mm深度時。 Due to the presence of additional material (a film or a detector), the dose depth ratio on the inside of the target is beneficial to change the reduced surface dose at normal doses. When the depth is 5mm.
依據本發明一實施例之X光單元中，劑量測定系統包括數位讀取裝置(digital readout means)，其特別有利於即時數據之獲得及利用數位劑量測定之數據處理，其可以連接至依據本發明之移動式X光單元之控制單元，有助於大致上直接硬體對應所量測之提供劑量與既定之劑量。更好的是，一薄膜可用於劑量測定之目的，其可以利用數位劑量計持續被讀出。 In an X-ray unit according to an embodiment of the invention, the dosimetry system comprises a digital readout means, which is particularly advantageous for obtaining real-time data and data processing using digital dosimetry, which can be connected to the invention according to the invention The control unit of the mobile X-ray unit facilitates substantially the direct hardware corresponding to the measured dose and the established dose. More preferably, a film can be used for dosimetry purposes, which can be continuously read using a digital dosimeter.
劑量測定系統更好的是配置電性連通於控制單元，其中，劑量測定系統本身可具有類比或數位訊號作為輸出。任何習知技術之電子裝置皆可用於此以使劑量測定系統和移動式X光單元之控制單元電性連通。 Preferably, the dosimetry system is configured to be electrically coupled to the control unit, wherein the dosimetry system itself can have an analog or digital signal as an output. Any of the prior art electronic devices can be used to electrically connect the dosimetry system to the control unit of the mobile X-ray unit.
依據本發明另一實施例之X光單元中，劑量測定系統可配置成可識別所產生之X光範圍之至少一位置及一幾何外型。 In an X-ray unit in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, the dosimetry system can be configured to identify at least one location of the generated range of X-rays and a geometric profile.
劑量測定系統，如一薄膜或一適合之裝置(熱釋光測年法裝置、電離室、或半導體偵測器)，可包括複數個量測點，更好的是分佈於一平面上。當上述裝置定位於X光範圍中時，讀取數據將被處理以建立橫跨應用範圍之劑量數據。舉例來說，在中心軸之數據以及數個在周圍之數據將被讀取，更好的是在不同半徑距離上時。基於此，不只在中心範圍之絕對劑量之訊息被得到，橫跨範圍之射束平整訊息亦被得到。更好的是，劑量單元被調校使得沉積之X光劑量之絕對劑量可得。此調校可利用如已知X光劑量之假體 量測(phantom measurement)而得到。 A dosimetry system, such as a film or a suitable device (thermoluminescence dating device, ionization chamber, or semiconductor detector), can include a plurality of measurement points, more preferably distributed on a plane. When the above device is positioned in the X-ray range, the read data will be processed to establish dose data across the application range. For example, the data on the central axis and several surrounding data will be read, preferably at different radii distances. Based on this, not only the information of the absolute dose in the center range is obtained, but also the beam flattening information across the range is obtained. More preferably, the dosage unit is tuned such that an absolute dose of the deposited X-ray dose is available. This adjustment can utilize a prosthesis such as a known X-ray dose Obtained by phantom measurement.
依據本發明另一實施例之移動式X光單元，其更包括一指示器，用以視覺化至少一部份之從出口表面發出之X光射束。 A mobile X-ray unit according to another embodiment of the present invention further includes an indicator for visualizing at least a portion of the X-ray beam emitted from the exit surface.
當提供有指示器以視覺界定至少一部份之所產生的X光射束時，如其之一中心軸及/或全部射束幾何外型，可以發現治療的效率可大幅的改進。 When an indicator is provided to visually define at least a portion of the resulting X-ray beam, such as one of its central axes and/or all of the beam geometry, it can be seen that the efficiency of the treatment can be substantially improved.
可以發現，此指示可有利於劑量測定系統相對於X光射束之定位。更好的是，指示器包括一光源，此光源可配置於X光裝療器中，或者是其可配置於環繞著X光裝療器之外表面。在前一種例子中，光指示器可配置以界定X光射束之中心軸及/或全部之射束幾何外型，而在後一種例子中，光指示器可配置以界定X光射束之中心軸，更好的是從X光裝療器相距一既定距離處。上述特徵有利於當X光裝療器是使用於距離患者皮膚一標準距離時。然而，更好的是配置環繞著X光裝療器之光指示器是可調整的，藉以從距X光裝療器不同軸向距離上指示出X光射束之中心軸。 It can be found that this indication can facilitate the positioning of the dosimetry system relative to the X-ray beam. More preferably, the indicator includes a light source that can be disposed in the X-ray applicator or that can be disposed on an outer surface surrounding the X-ray applicator. In the former example, the light indicator can be configured to define a central axis of the X-ray beam and/or a full beam geometry, while in the latter example, the light indicator can be configured to define an X-ray beam. The central axis, more preferably, is a predetermined distance from the X-ray device. The above features are advantageous when the X-ray applicator is used at a standard distance from the patient's skin. More preferably, however, the configuration of the light indicator surrounding the X-ray device is adjustable to indicate the central axis of the X-ray beam from different axial distances from the X-ray device.
依據本發明一實施例之移動式X光單元，指示器包括一陣列(array)之光源，同心地(concentrically)排列環繞著X光裝療器。僅管只提供單一光源產生一窄光束即足夠指示X光射束之中心軸，可以發現更有利的是提供複數個光源以產生個別之窄光束在距離X光裝療器之底表面一既定距離上交會。基於此實施例，使得可以距離皮膚一規定距離而裝設X光裝療器，連帶的使劑量測定系統相對於X 光射束被準確的裝設。為了確保目標部份正確地被X光射束所涵蓋，X光裝療器可被定位使得所指示之X光射束的中心是定位大致上於目標區域的中心。更好的是，此實施例之功能是由規則外型之X光射束所實現，舉例來說當使用圓形、矩形、橢圓形、或三角形之準直儀以成形X光射束時。 In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a mobile X-ray unit includes an array of light sources that are concentrically arranged around the X-ray device. Although it is sufficient to provide only a single light source to produce a narrow beam sufficient to indicate the central axis of the X-ray beam, it has been found to be more advantageous to provide a plurality of light sources to produce individual narrow beams at a predetermined distance from the bottom surface of the X-ray device. Shanghai International Trade Fair. Based on this embodiment, it is possible to mount an X-ray device at a prescribed distance from the skin, with the accompanying dosimetry system relative to the X The beam of light is accurately mounted. To ensure that the target portion is properly covered by the X-ray beam, the X-ray device can be positioned such that the center of the indicated X-ray beam is positioned substantially at the center of the target area. More preferably, the function of this embodiment is achieved by a regular shaped X-ray beam, for example when a circular, rectangular, elliptical, or triangular collimator is used to shape the X-ray beam.
依據本發明一實施例之移動式X光單元，指示器包括一光源容置於X光裝療器內側，以產生一光束預設為準直儀所截取(intercepted)，以提供從出口表面發出之X光範圍(X-ray field)之光影像(light image)。 According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the mobile X-ray unit, the indicator includes a light source disposed inside the X-ray device to generate a beam preset to be intercepted by the collimator to provide an exit from the exit surface. The light image of the X-ray field.
在本實施例中，可以發現更好的是當X光射束之全部外型被界定時。舉例來說，當不規則射束外型被使用時之情況下。在此例中，光源可提供於靠近目標、或透過一鏡面、偏軸(off-axis)，以產生一光束預設為準直儀所截取。更好的是，光束延伸的方向是相同於X光射束延伸的方向。在一實施例中，當使用一鏡面時，光源可有利地偏軸定位。 In this embodiment, it can be found that it is better when the entire shape of the X-ray beam is defined. For example, when an irregular beam profile is used. In this case, the light source can be provided close to the target, or through a mirror, off-axis, to produce a beam that is preset as a collimator. More preferably, the direction in which the beam extends is the same as the direction in which the X-ray beam extends. In an embodiment, when a mirror is used, the light source can advantageously be positioned off-axis.
依據本發明另一實施例之移動式X光單元，指示器包括一光源及一光纖，配置以提供來自光源的光為準直儀所截取。 In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, a mobile X-ray unit includes a light source and an optical fiber configured to provide light from the light source for intercepting by the collimator.
在本實施例之優點在於，光源可定位於X光裝療器外側，以不影響整體之尺寸。舉例來說，光源可配置於X光單元之基座，且光纖可從基座往X光裝療器之內側，以適當地照明準直儀，進而得到所產生之X光射束的光影像。 An advantage of this embodiment is that the light source can be positioned outside of the X-ray device without affecting the overall size. For example, the light source can be disposed on the base of the X-ray unit, and the optical fiber can be from the base to the inside of the X-ray device to properly illuminate the collimator to obtain the optical image of the generated X-ray beam. .
依據本發明另一實施例之移動式X光單元，指示器包括複數個光纖，分佈於X光裝療器中位於準直儀之上的區域，用以照明一準直儀開口，使準直儀開口截取(intercept)一結果光範圍。本實施例可有利於得到具有較強強度之光範圍。 In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, a mobile X-ray unit includes a plurality of optical fibers distributed in an area of the X-ray treatment device above the collimator for illuminating a collimator opening for collimation The instrument opening intercepts a range of resulting light. This embodiment can be advantageous in obtaining a light range having a strong intensity.
依據本發明另一實施例之移動式X光單元，指示器包括一光源射出一窄光束，配置於X光裝療器之內側，以界定X光射束之一縱軸。更好的是使用微型雷射源(miniature laser source)。 In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, the mobile X-ray unit includes a light source that emits a narrow beam of light disposed on the inside of the X-ray device to define a longitudinal axis of the X-ray beam. It is even better to use a miniature laser source.
依據本發明另一實施例之X光單元，其中，一幅射偵測器可提供於一外殼體中，用以偵測X光射束。 According to another embodiment of the present invention, an X-ray unit can be provided in an outer casing for detecting an X-ray beam.
可以發現，提供一獨立裝置用以偵測所產生之X光射束存在與否是有利的。更好的是，依據本發明之X光單元包括一主要計時器(primary timer)，其設定一時間用於高壓供應器以提供一既定幅射劑量。容置於X光裝療器之外殼體內的幅射感測器可以為一第二計時器(secondary timer)之一部份，其迴路適於依據既定幅射劑量達到時關閉高壓供應器。以此方式，幅射安全控制可以被改進。 It can be found that it is advantageous to provide a separate device for detecting the presence or absence of the generated X-ray beam. More preferably, the X-ray unit in accordance with the present invention includes a primary timer that is set for a time for the high voltage supply to provide a predetermined radiation dose. The radiation sensor housed in the housing outside the X-ray device can be part of a second timer, the loop of which is adapted to close the high voltage supply when the predetermined radiation dose is reached. In this way, radiation safety control can be improved.
更好的是，在一實施例中，劑量測定系統是可操作以提供即時之幅射劑量數據，來自於劑量測定系統的訊號可除了從內建幅射偵測器之訊號以外被使用。更特別的是，當劑量測定系統配置成可辨識射束之平整度(flatness)時，從既定射束平整度之一實在的偏差(deviation)可用以作為關閉系統之控制訊號。 More preferably, in one embodiment, the dosimetry system is operable to provide immediate radiation dose data, and signals from the dosimetry system can be used in addition to signals from the built-in radiation detector. More specifically, when the dosimetry system is configured to recognize the flatness of the beam, a derivation from one of the established beam flatness can be used as a control signal to turn off the system.
依據本發明另一實施例之X光單元，此X光單元包括一出口表面預定朝向一患者，此出口表面可覆蓋有一裝療器蓋。 In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, an X-ray unit includes an exit surface that is intended to be oriented toward a patient, the exit surface being covered by a tamper cover.
可以發現提供此裝療器蓋的好處在於，其在使用時可具有多種功能。首先，裝療器蓋可用以保護X光裝療器的X光出口表面在門診時免於受到污染。其次，裝療器蓋在X光射束之延伸方向上的厚度可選擇為是足夠的，用以大致消除來自X光射束之電子污染(electron contamination)。由習知技術已可知道相關之從X光管發出之二次電子(secondary electrons)的能量及使用材料所需之厚度，例如塑膠、玻璃、陶瓷等，足以完全截斷此些電子。更佳的是，裝療器蓋為可拋器式的。 It can be found that the benefit of providing such a therapeutic cover is that it can have multiple functions when in use. First, the applicator cover can be used to protect the X-ray exit surface of the X-ray device from contamination during the clinic. Secondly, the thickness of the applicator cover in the direction of extension of the x-ray beam can be selected to be sufficient to substantially eliminate electron contamination from the x-ray beam. It is known from the prior art that the energy of the secondary electrons emitted from the X-ray tube and the thickness required for the use of the material, such as plastic, glass, ceramics, etc., are sufficient to completely intercept such electrons. More preferably, the cap is attached to the disposable device.
更好的是，指示器配置以界定X光射束可配置具有足夠之亮度，以透過裝療器蓋提供結果光範圍。可發現雷射特別適於此目的。然而，仍然可以使用發光二極體。或者是，配置一或多個光源在X光裝療器外側產生窄光束，可有利於如同一或多個光源配置於個別之支撐臂上，使得個別之窄光束不會被裝療器蓋所截斷。 More preferably, the indicator is configured to define that the X-ray beam is configurable with sufficient brightness to provide a resulting range of light through the tamper cap. Lasers can be found to be particularly suitable for this purpose. However, it is still possible to use a light-emitting diode. Alternatively, configuring one or more light sources to produce a narrow beam of light outside the X-ray treatment device may facilitate placement of the same or multiple light sources on the individual support arms such that the individual narrow beams are not covered by the illuminator cover. Truncated.
依據本發明一實施例提供一種發自移動式X光單元之X光射束之劑量測定控制方法，移動式X光單元包括一基座用以容置一控制單元、一電源供應器及一冷卻器，且更包括一鉸接可位移式臂以支撐具一X光管之一X光裝療器，用以產生一X光射束，此方法包括： 利用一內建劑量測定系統即時量測相關於X光射束之 一參數。 According to an embodiment of the invention, there is provided a dosimetry control method for an X-ray beam emitted from a mobile X-ray unit, the mobile X-ray unit comprising a base for accommodating a control unit, a power supply and a cooling And an articulating displaceable arm for supporting an X-ray device having an X-ray tube for generating an X-ray beam, the method comprising: Instant measurement of X-ray beams using a built-in dosimetry system One parameter.
依據本發明另一實施例之方法，一指示器提供於或靠近於X光裝療器用以視覺界定至少一部份之X光射束，藉以定位劑量測定系統。更好的是，指示器包括一光源配置以產生一光範圍預設為準直儀開口所截取(intercepted)，以提供X光射束之視覺化。或者是，指示器包括一光源配置以界定X光射束之一縱軸。 In accordance with a method of another embodiment of the present invention, an indicator is provided at or near the X-ray applicator for visually defining at least a portion of the X-ray beam for positioning the dosimetry system. More preferably, the indicator includes a light source configuration to produce a range of light presets that are intercepted by the collimator opening to provide visualization of the x-ray beam. Alternatively, the indicator includes a light source configuration to define one of the longitudinal axes of the X-ray beam.
為使本發明之上述目的、特徵和優點能更明顯易懂，下文特舉較佳實施例並配合所附圖式做詳細說明，然其僅用以例示說明而已，並非用以限定本發明的範圍。 The above described objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the embodiments of the invention. range.
本發明具體之實施例揭示之形態內容將配合圖示加以詳細說明。 The details disclosed in the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in conjunction with the drawings.
第1a圖係顯示依據本發明一實施例之移動式X光單元的示意圖。移動式X光單元(mobile X-ray unit)10包括一基座(base)2，其包括至少一電源供應單元、一冷卻系統以及一控制單元用以控制一X光裝療器(X-ray applicator)4的操作，其包括一X光管容置於一外殼體中。X光裝療器4利用軟性纜線(flexible cable)3與基座2連接，其可至少部份地容納於一可位移式面板(displaceable panel)5中。X光裝療器4由一鉸接可位移式臂(articulated displaceable arm)4a所支撐，其可包括一樞軸用以改變X光裝療器4在空間中的位置。X光裝療器4包括一縱軸及 一出口視窗(exit window)8，透過此所產生之X光射束可射出。鉸接可位移式臂4a也可與可位移式面板5機械式地連接，藉以改變X光裝療器4在垂直方向上的位置。更好的是，可位移式面板5提供有握把(handle)6，藉此可輕易地操作。可位移式面板5可由適當之軌條(rail)所引導，藉以在位移時實質上為平順(smooth)且無撞擊(shock-free)的。 Figure 1a is a schematic diagram showing a mobile X-ray unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The mobile X-ray unit 10 includes a base 2 including at least one power supply unit, a cooling system, and a control unit for controlling an X-ray device (X-ray). The operation of the applicator 4 includes an X-ray tube housed in an outer casing. The X-ray applicator 4 is connected to the base 2 by means of a flexible cable 3, which can be at least partially housed in a displaceable panel 5. The X-ray applicator 4 is supported by an articulated displaceable arm 4a which may include a pivot for changing the position of the X-ray applicator 4 in space. The X-ray device 4 includes a longitudinal axis and An exit window 8 through which the X-ray beam generated can be emitted. The hinged displaceable arm 4a can also be mechanically coupled to the displaceable panel 5 to change the position of the x-ray applicator 4 in the vertical direction. More preferably, the displaceable panel 5 is provided with a handle 6, whereby it can be easily operated. The displaceable panel 5 can be guided by a suitable rail so as to be substantially smooth and shock-free when displaced.
更好的是，X光裝療器容置有X光管(X-ray tube)具有同軸幾何結構，其中，X光射束(X-ray beam)8a預想以照射一目標區域於一患者(patient)P之一表面(surface)P’，其延伸過出口視窗8具有一射束軸(beam axis)8b大致上對應於X光管之縱軸。此可以藉由X光裝療器之陽極的設置而使得陽極之一縱軸大致上是平行於X光裝療器之縱軸。 More preferably, the X-ray tube accommodates an X-ray tube having a coaxial geometry, wherein the X-ray beam 8a is intended to illuminate a target area to a patient ( One of the surfaces P of the patient P, which extends through the exit window 8 has a beam axis 8b substantially corresponding to the longitudinal axis of the X-ray tube. This can be achieved by the arrangement of the anode of the X-ray applicator such that one of the longitudinal axes of the anode is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the X-ray device.
依據本發明之一態樣，一劑量測定系統(dosimetry system)9被提供以提供至少一部分之X光範圍8a在或靠近患者P之表面P’的數據。更好的是，對劑量測定系統來說，可選擇一系統其可產生即時(real-time)數據。電離室(ionization chamber)及固態偵測器(solid state detector)，舉例來說半導體偵測器可適於用於此目的。更好的是，來自劑量單元之訊號是供應至X光單元之控制單元(control unit)21，以即時劑量供給控制及/或中斷。 In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a dosimetry system 9 is provided to provide at least a portion of the X-ray range 8a at or near the surface P' of the patient P. More preferably, for a dosimetry system, a system can be selected which produces real-time data. An ionization chamber and a solid state detector, for example, a semiconductor detector can be adapted for this purpose. More preferably, the signal from the dosage unit is a control unit 21 supplied to the X-ray unit for immediate dose control and/or interruption.
更好的是，將X光裝療器4及劑量測定系統9相對於表面P’上之目標區域而定位，X光裝療器提供有一指示器 (indicator)配置於X光裝療器4中，以視覺化界定(visually delineate)X光管所產生之X光範圍。更好的是，指示器包括一光源，如發光二極體、雷射等等。 More preferably, the X-ray device 4 and the dosimetry system 9 are positioned relative to the target area on the surface P', and the X-ray device provides an indicator The indicator is disposed in the X-ray device 4 to visually delineate the range of X-rays produced by the X-ray tube. More preferably, the indicator includes a light source such as a light emitting diode, a laser, and the like.
光源可配置於X光裝療器4內側、或環繞著X光裝療器4、或可遠端定位(remotely position)舉例來說於基座2上。在後者的例子中，來自光源(圖上未顯示)的光可利用適當之一或多個光纖(opical fiber)導引朝向X光裝療器。更詳細之描述之後將配合圖式第4a~4c圖做說明。 The light source can be disposed on the inside of the X-ray device 4, or around the X-ray device 4, or can be remotely positioned, for example, on the base 2. In the latter example, light from a light source (not shown) can be directed toward the X-ray applicator using one or more suitable optical fibers. A more detailed description will be described later with reference to Figures 4a-4c of the drawings.
更好的是，移動式X光單元10包括基座2支撐著可位移式面板5且裝設有一顯示器(display)7，用以回饋(feeding-back)所需之使用者訊息。顯示器7可配置有觸控螢幕(touch-sensitive screen)，用以對系統輸入適當之數據資料。舉例來說，顯示面板包括開關光源指示器的裝置，又或者，當X光單元開啟時，光源指示器可以永遠為開啟的狀態。使用者介面(user interface)可更用於輸入處方劑量(prescribed dose)及可能的處方劑量分佈(distribution)，特別是當劑量修改器(dose modifier)是用於導入橫跨X光範圍之劑量分佈梯度(gradient in the dose profile)時。使用者介面可同樣配置以顯示在治療期間，實際劑量供給及劑量供應分佈之數據。更好的是利用劑量測定系統，劑量供給方案可與實際劑量供給做即時之比較，且如果需要的話，實際劑量供給可做即時修正及/或在下一階段時做修正，使既定及供給劑量之間的差異發生超過1%。 More preferably, the mobile X-ray unit 10 includes a base 2 supporting the displaceable panel 5 and a display 7 for feeding-backing the desired user information. The display 7 can be configured with a touch-sensitive screen for inputting appropriate data to the system. For example, the display panel includes means for switching the light source indicator, or alternatively, when the X-ray unit is turned on, the light source indicator can be always on. The user interface can be used to enter a prescribed dose and a possible prescription dose distribution, especially when a dose modifier is used to introduce a dose distribution across the X-ray range. When the gradient is in the dose profile. The user interface can be configured to display data on actual dose supply and dose supply distribution during treatment. More preferably, the dosimetry system is utilized, the dosing regimen can be compared to the actual dose supply, and if desired, the actual dose supply can be corrected immediately and/or corrected at the next stage, so that the established and supplied doses are The difference between the occurrences exceeded 1%.
第1b圖係顯示依據本發明一實施例之移動式X光單元之可位移式面板5的示意圖。在此放大示意圖式中，元件符號10a係指可位移式面板5的具體元件。基於此，握把6可作為一機械件用以拉動或推動可位移式面板5。或者，握把6可以配置成電子致動器，用以觸發馬達(圖上未顯示)而位移可位移式面板5。舉例來說，當握把6被拉動(pull)使馬達被啟動時，可使得可位移式面板5可沿方向A位移，而推動(push)握把6則可使得可位移式面板5可沿方向B下降。更好的是，移動式X光單元包括用以限制可位移式面板5之位移距離的裝置。這樣的好處在於，一方面可確保系統的機械穩定性(最高高度限制，limitation of the upper level)，另一方面可有助於避免電纜的損壞(最低高度限制，limitation of the lower level)。更好的是，可位移式面板5可利用內建之軌條(rail)而移動，其長度可被選擇以所需之方式限制可位移式面板5之移動範圍。 Figure 1b is a schematic diagram showing a displaceable panel 5 of a mobile X-ray unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In the enlarged schematic form, the component symbol 10a refers to a specific component of the displaceable panel 5. Based on this, the grip 6 can be used as a mechanical member to pull or push the displaceable panel 5. Alternatively, the grip 6 can be configured as an electronic actuator for triggering the motor (not shown) to displace the displaceable panel 5. For example, when the grip 6 is pulled to cause the motor to be activated, the displaceable panel 5 can be displaced in the direction A, and pushing the grip 6 can cause the displaceable panel 5 to be along Direction B drops. More preferably, the mobile X-ray unit includes means for limiting the displacement distance of the displaceable panel 5. This has the advantage of ensuring the mechanical stability (limitation of the upper level) of the system on the one hand and the limitation of the lower level on the other hand. More preferably, the displaceable panel 5 can be moved using a built-in rail, the length of which can be selected to limit the range of movement of the displaceable panel 5 in a desired manner.
顯示器(display)7，其可作為合適之使用者介面(user interface)7a之功能，舉例來說，患者的資料如患者的照片及/或病徵的相片可顯示於視窗(window)7b上，而與此相關之患者訊息如出生日、性別、劑量處方(dose prescription)、及劑量配給方案(dose delivery protocol)等等皆可顯示於視窗(window)7c上。按鍵(button)7d可提供觸控功能以輸入資料，或者是，適合之硬體開關或按鍵亦可適當地提供。 A display 7, which can function as a suitable user interface 7a, for example, a patient's data such as a photo of the patient and/or a photo of the condition can be displayed on the window 7b, and The patient information associated with this, such as birthday, gender, dose prescription, and dose delivery protocol, can be displayed on window 7c. A button 7d can provide a touch function to input data, or a suitable hardware switch or button can be provided as appropriate.
第1c圖係顯示依據本發明一實施例之具可位移功能 應用之X光單元之示意圖。依據本發明之一態樣，移動式X光單元的機構被開發且作成可支撐X光裝療器4以具有較大的移動及轉動位移範圍。 Figure 1c shows a displaceable function in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention Schematic diagram of the applied X-ray unit. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the mechanism of the mobile X-ray unit is developed and constructed to support the X-ray applicator 4 to have a greater range of movement and rotational displacement.
元件符號11所指係顯示X光裝療器位於停駐位置(parked position)之示意實施方式。為清楚顯示起見，未繪示有線路及光纖。在此位置時，可適於傳遞移動式X光單元朝向一房間(booth)及/或具機動性地在患者附近。為了將X光裝療器盡可能地縮回靠近基座2，鉸接可位移式臂4a在可位移式面板5的外部(outer portion)5a下是可彎曲的。為了確保移動式X光單元在其機動時的穩定度，一靠近地板的加載塊(load block)2a被提供以降低整體結構之重力點的絕對位置。 Reference numeral 11 denotes a schematic embodiment in which the X-ray applicator is located in a parked position. For the sake of clarity, lines and fibers are not shown. In this position, it may be adapted to transmit the mobile X-ray unit towards a room and/or to be mobile near the patient. In order to retract the X-ray applicator as close as possible to the base 2, the hinged displaceable arm 4a is bendable under the outer portion 5a of the displaceable panel 5. In order to ensure the stability of the mobile X-ray unit during its maneuvering, a load block 2a close to the floor is provided to reduce the absolute position of the gravity point of the overall structure.
元件符號12所指係顯示X光裝療器4位於其中一工作位置(working position)之示意實施方式，其具有一X光出口表面(x-ray exit surface)8朝向患者(patient)P，為了使X光裝療器相對於患者P有合適之位置，可位移式面板可移動至一既定停留位置(dwell position)介於可位移式面板5的最低位置和最高位置之間。鉸接臂4a可用於適當地依一旋轉軸轉動X光裝療器。更好的是，選擇旋轉軸是配合X光射束(beam)之假想方向，從出口表面以垂直面向X光裝療器。 Reference numeral 12 denotes a schematic embodiment in which the X-ray treatment device 4 is located in one of the working positions, having an x-ray exit surface 8 facing the patient P, in order to The X-ray applicator has a suitable position relative to the patient P, and the displaceable panel is movable to a predetermined dwell position between the lowest position and the highest position of the displaceable panel 5. The articulated arm 4a can be used to properly rotate the X-ray applicator in accordance with a rotational axis. More preferably, the choice of the axis of rotation is the imaginary direction of the X-ray beam, and the X-ray device is oriented vertically from the exit surface.
元件符號13所指係顯示X光裝療器4位於最低位置之示意實施方式，基於此目的，可位移式面板5可位於其最低位置且鉸接可位移式臂4a可以所需方式面向X光裝療 器。 Reference numeral 13 denotes an exemplary embodiment in which the X-ray treatment device 4 is located at the lowest position, for which purpose the displaceable panel 5 can be located at its lowest position and the hinged displaceable arm 4a can be oriented to the X-ray in a desired manner. Treatment Device.
第2圖係顯示依據本發明一實施例之移動式X光單元之架構示意圖。依據本發明之移動式X光單元包括一高壓供應器(high voltage supply)，更好的是，適於在一合適之X光管(X-ray tube)產生50~75KV的X光，一冷卻系統用以在使用時冷卻X光管，以及一控制系統用以在使用時控制X光單元之次單元(sub-unit)的電子(electronic)和電性參數(electric parameter)。元件符號20所指係顯示控制單元(control system)21和X光裝療器(X-ray applicator)22的主要單元。 2 is a block diagram showing the structure of a mobile X-ray unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. The mobile X-ray unit according to the present invention comprises a high voltage supply, and more preferably, is adapted to generate 50-75 KV X-rays in a suitable X-ray tube, a cooling The system is used to cool the X-ray tube during use, and a control system is used to control the electronic and electrical parameters of the sub-unit of the X-ray unit when in use. The component symbol 20 refers to the main unit of the control system 21 and the X-ray applicator 22.
控制單元21更好的是包括一硬接線(hard wired)之使用者介面(user interface)21a，用以切換高壓供應器(high voltage supply)21b的開和關。更好的是，高壓供應器21b包括一高壓產生器(high voltage generator)21c具有改良之緩升(ramp-up)和緩降(ramp-down)特性。更佳的是，緩升時間(ramp-up time)約為100ms。硬接線使用者介面21a可配置成當高壓產生器開啟時，可自動啟動冷卻系統(cooling system)21d。另外，控制系統21可包括一主要控制器(primary controller)21e，配置以控制X光裝療器使用時之劑量配給(dose delivery)。此主要控制器21e可提供有一主計算器(primary counter)在X光照射初始化後用以將已登錄資料刪除。此主計算器可在達到既定之劑量後自動關閉至X光管之高壓供應器。更好的是，既定之劑量是至少視產生X光的能量及劑量速率而定。其 中，上述情況可事先校準，盡可能地提供對應之校準數據，使得主要控制器之主要劑量配給控制可被達成。更好的是，一次要控制器(secondary controller)21f提供用以啟動劑量配給控制之一獨立迴路，次要控制器21f可連接至一劑量表(dose meter)容納於X光裝療器中，在準直儀(collimator)之前X光範圍內。據此，劑量表可對應實際劑量配給，考慮到在高壓源緩升(ramp up)及緩降(ramp down)期間劑量的變化，而提供即時數據。同樣更好的是，控制系統可更包括一安全控制器(safety controller)21g，適於從主要控制器21e比對讀取數據，及次要控制器21f在所欲劑量配給之後關閉高壓產生器21c。另外，或者說，安全控制器21g可連接至一緊急停機系統(emergency stop)、門鎖裝置(door interlock)及產生器鎖定裝置(generator interlock)。 The control unit 21 preferably includes a hard wired user interface 21a for switching the opening and closing of the high voltage supply 21b. More preferably, the high voltage supply 21b includes a high voltage generator 21c having improved ramp-up and ramp-down characteristics. More preferably, the ramp-up time is approximately 100 ms. The hardwired user interface 21a can be configured to automatically activate a cooling system 21d when the high voltage generator is turned on. Additionally, control system 21 can include a primary controller 21e configured to control dose delivery when the X-ray device is in use. The primary controller 21e can provide a primary counter to delete the logged-in data after the X-ray illumination is initialized. This master calculator automatically shuts down the high pressure supply to the X-ray tube after reaching the established dose. More preferably, the established dose is at least dependent on the energy and dose rate at which X-rays are produced. its In the above case, the above situation can be calibrated in advance, and the corresponding calibration data is provided as much as possible, so that the main dose distribution control of the main controller can be achieved. More preferably, the secondary controller 21f provides an independent loop for initiating dose dispensing control, and the secondary controller 21f can be coupled to a dose meter for accommodation in the X-ray device. In the X-ray range before the collimator. Accordingly, the dose meter can be assigned to the actual dose, providing immediate data in view of changes in the dose during ramp up and ramp down of the high pressure source. Also preferably, the control system may further include a safety controller 21g adapted to read data from the primary controller 21e, and the secondary controller 21f to close the high voltage generator after the desired dose is dispensed. 21c. Alternatively, or in addition, the safety controller 21g can be coupled to an emergency stop, a door interlock, and a generator interlock.
控制系統可更包括一劑量控制器(dosimetry control)21h，適於與劑量測定系統電連通，更好的是上線(on-line)。然而，也可能是劑量控制器21h可接收來自所掃描劑量範圍之數據及經由後處理(post-processing)而更新之劑量配給數據。 The control system can further include a dose control 21h adapted to be in electrical communication with the dosimetry system, and more preferably on-line. However, it is also possible that the dose controller 21h can receive data from the scanned dose range and dose dispensing data updated via post-processing.
劑量控制器21h更好的是配置以提供一中斷訊號(interrupt signal)，將即時劑量和既定劑量及所量測之劑量之間的差異做一量測。舉例來說，劑量控制器21h可提供一適當之中斷訊號予高壓產生器21c。 The dose controller 21h is preferably configured to provide an interrupt signal that measures the difference between the immediate dose and the predetermined dose and the measured dose. For example, the dose controller 21h can provide a suitable interrupt signal to the high voltage generator 21c.
控制系統可更包括一指示控制器(indicator controller)21i，用以控制光源以界定至少一部分之X光射束。雖然將指示控制器21i連結至電源供應單元(power supply unit)21b以在系統開啟時開啟光源能簡化其結構，更好的是，光源能視需要而開關的。據此，指示控制器當使用者觸發時可配置以提供電力於光源，使用者可透過如使用者介面之裝置提供一適當之觸發訊號，或者舉例來說，透過一專用硬體開關。 The control system can further include an indicator controller (indicator) A controller 21i for controlling the light source to define at least a portion of the X-ray beam. Although the instructing controller 21i is coupled to the power supply unit 21b to turn on the light source when the system is turned on, the structure can be simplified, and more preferably, the light source can be switched as needed. Accordingly, the instructing controller can be configured to provide power to the light source when triggered by the user, and the user can provide an appropriate trigger signal through a device such as a user interface or, for example, through a dedicated hardware switch.
X光裝療器22更好的是可包括下列特徵：一X光管(X-ray tube)22a，預先封裝於一外殼體(outer shielding)22k中。依據本發明之X光管可提供有共平面(coplanar)幾何結構之撞擊靶(target)、準直儀(collimator)及出口視窗(exit window)，藉以使得所產生之X光射束延伸大致上平行於X光管之縱軸。更好的是，撞擊靶-準直儀(target-collimator)之間距約4~10公分之距離，更好的是約5~6公分。X光裝療器可更包括一射束硬化濾器(beam hardening filter)22b被選擇以攔截低能量幅射(low-energy radiation)以及一射束平整濾器(beam flattening filter)22c設計以攔截部份之X光幅射，用以在靠近X光裝療器出口表面處產生大體上平坦之射束外型。更進一步，X光裝療器22可包括一或多個準直儀(collimator)配置以定義出處理射束幾何結構。更好的是，可使用一組準直儀，舉例來說，其有直徑1、1.5、2、2.5、3、3.5、4、4.5、5公分。更佳的是，在此雖考慮為圓形準直儀(circular collimator)，但任何形式的準直儀 如方形(square)、橢圓形(elliptic)或客製化(custom made)準直儀接可被使用。可以發現提供有自動準直偵測裝置(automatic collimator detection mean)22f之X光裝療器22的好處在於，適於對使用中之準直儀自動發出訊號。更好的是，使用電阻感測，其中，每一準直儀提供有至少一對突出物(projection)用以橋接提供於準直儀容室(collimator receptacle)中之電阻路徑。此容室所產生的電阻構成正在使用中之準直儀的訊號代表。X光裝療器22更好的是包括一內建溫度感測器(temperature sensor)，適於發出X光管及/或其外殼體的溫度訊號。從溫度感測器發出的訊號被控制系統所接收，其上裝載有分析系統，一旦所量測之溫度升高超出允許範圍時，即會產生一警報信號，可選擇地，亦可提供一高壓產生器之關閉信號。X光裝療器22更包括幅射感測器(radiation sensor)22h，配置於外殼體22k內側，用以偵測X光管所發出之實際X光幅射量。更好的是，基於安全因素，X光裝療器22可更包括一非暫存式數據儲存器(non-volatile data storage)22i，用以紀錄至少X光管之操作參數。更進一步，為了增強幅射之安全性，X光裝療器22可提供有一幅射指示器(radiation indicator)22j，以提供一視覺及/或一音頻輸出，讓使用者及/或患者知道X光管之開/關狀態。更佳的是，幅射指示器22j可包括複數個訊號發射裝置(distributed signaling means)，更好的是，至少一個訊號裝置，舉例來說，為一個發光二極體(LED)電連接於X光 裝療器22。更好的是，訊號裝置提供於X光裝療器22上。 The X-ray applicator 22 preferably includes the following features: an X-ray tube 22a pre-packaged in an outer shield 22k. The X-ray tube according to the present invention can provide a collision target, a collimator and an exit window with a coplanar geometry, whereby the generated X-ray beam extends substantially Parallel to the longitudinal axis of the X-ray tube. More preferably, the target-collimator is about 4 to 10 cm apart, more preferably about 5 to 6 cm. The X-ray treatment device may further include a beam hardening filter 22b selected to intercept low-energy radiation and a beam flattening filter 22c to intercept portions The X-ray radiation is used to produce a substantially flat beam profile near the exit surface of the X-ray applicator. Still further, the X-ray applicator 22 can include one or more collimator configurations to define the processing beam geometry. More preferably, a set of collimators can be used, for example, having diameters of 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5 cm. More preferably, although a circular collimator is considered here, any form of collimator A square, elliptic or custom made collimator can be used. It can be found that the X-ray treatment device 22 provided with the automatic collimator detection mean 22f has the advantage that it is suitable for automatically signaling the collimator in use. More preferably, resistance sensing is used wherein each collimator is provided with at least one pair of projections for bridging the resistive path provided in the collimator receptacle. The resistance generated by this chamber constitutes the signal representative of the collimator in use. The X-ray applicator 22 preferably includes a built-in temperature sensor adapted to emit temperature signals from the X-ray tube and/or its outer casing. The signal from the temperature sensor is received by the control system and loaded with an analysis system. Once the measured temperature rises beyond the allowable range, an alarm signal is generated, optionally, a high voltage is also provided. The shutdown signal of the generator. The X-ray device 22 further includes a radiation sensor 22h disposed inside the outer casing 22k for detecting the actual X-ray radiation emitted by the X-ray tube. More preferably, based on safety factors, the X-ray charge device 22 can further include a non-volatile data storage 22i for recording at least the operational parameters of the X-ray tube. Further, in order to enhance the safety of the radiation, the X-ray treatment device 22 can provide a radiation indicator 22j to provide a visual and/or an audio output for the user and/or patient to know X. The on/off state of the light pipe. More preferably, the radiation indicator 22j may comprise a plurality of distributed signaling means. More preferably, at least one of the signal means, for example, a light emitting diode (LED) is electrically connected to the X Light The heat treatment device 22. More preferably, the signal device is provided on the X-ray device 22.
第3圖係顯示依據本發明一實施例之X光單元之劑量測定系統之示意圖，如前述及之X光裝療器4包括一X光管配置有一陽極(anode)1具有一撞擊靶範圍(target region)1a，以產生一發散之X光射束8a，撞擊靶範圍1a大致上為一平面其延伸大致上是垂直於陽極1之縱軸，儘管更好的是陽極1是朝向與X光射束(及X光管)之軸(axis)8b為共軸，朝向其他的方向亦是可以的。所產生之X光射束經由出口表面(exit surface)8’自X光裝療器發出。可以理解的是，為了清楚顯示起見，在此處X光管之適合之濾器、準直儀及X光管之出口視窗並未繪示。據此，出口表面8’並不需要對應於X光管之出口視窗。 3 is a schematic diagram showing a dosimetry system of an X-ray unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. The X-ray tube 4 as described above includes an X-ray tube configured with an anode 1 having an impact target range ( Target region 1a to generate a divergent X-ray beam 8a, the impact target range 1a is substantially a plane extending substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the anode 1, although it is better that the anode 1 is oriented with X-rays The axis 8b of the beam (and X-ray tube) is coaxial and is also possible in other directions. The resulting X-ray beam is emitted from the X-ray applicator via an exit surface 8'. It can be understood that, for the sake of clarity, the outlet windows of the suitable filter, collimator and X-ray tube of the X-ray tube are not shown here. Accordingly, the exit surface 8' does not need to correspond to the exit window of the X-ray tube.
更好的是，為了將X光裝療器4相對於患者之目標區域作定位，可使用一指示器。指示器可包括二個光源(light source)15a、15b，配置以產生窄光束光(narrow beam light)，上述光源可裝設於對應之支撐臂(support arm)16a、16b上，藉此些裝置而於X光裝療器4之外表面。更好的是，光源可配置以提供在空間(space)上有一聚點(point)C對應於射束軸8b。劑量測定系統(dosimetry system)18可相對於聚點(point)C而集中，藉以截取(intercepting)X光射束。 More preferably, an indicator can be used to position the X-ray applicator 4 relative to the target area of the patient. The indicator may include two light sources 15a, 15b configured to generate a narrow beam light, the light source being mountable on a corresponding support arm 16a, 16b, whereby the device On the outer surface of the X-ray treatment device 4. More preferably, the light source is configurable to provide a point C on the space corresponding to the beam axis 8b. A dosimetry system 18 can be concentrated relative to a point C to intercept the X-ray beam.
依據本發明之X光單元可提供有複數個不同尺寸之劑量測定裝置(dosimetric device)，適合之劑量測定裝置18可基於實際射束之尺寸而選擇。更好的是，劑量測定裝 置(desimetric device)18延伸超過X光之範圍，藉以量測所發出之X光範圍之絕對尺寸。 The X-ray unit according to the invention may be provided with a plurality of differently sized dosimetric devices, which may be selected based on the actual beam size. Even better, dosimetry A desimetric device 18 extends beyond the range of X-rays to measure the absolute size of the emitted X-ray range.
更好的是，劑量測定系統18包括一陣列獨立之量測量(measuring volume)。基於此目的，可使用一薄膜(film)、一組TLD裝置或一陣列型半導體(array-type semiconductor)劑量計(dosimeter)。據此，橫跨X光範圍之劑量分佈可被建立以識別(verification)及/或內分次校正(intra-fraction correction)。更好的是，劑量測定裝置18提供有即時讀取(real time reading)，其可以利用適合之電纜(cabling)19連至劑量控制單元21h而被提供，如第2圖中所示。 More preferably, the dosimetry system 18 includes an array of measuring volumes. For this purpose, a film, a set of TLD devices or an array-type semiconductor dosimeter can be used. Accordingly, a dose distribution across the X-ray range can be established for verification and/or intra-fraction correction. More preferably, the dosimetry device 18 is provided with a real time reading which can be provided by a suitable cabling 19 connected to the dose control unit 21h, as shown in FIG.
儘管上述實施例之劑量測定系統是參考X光裝療器提供有範圍界定裝置來做說明，本發明亦可以在沒有指示器界定X光範圍之情況下實施。 Although the dosimetry system of the above embodiment is described with reference to an X-ray applicator provided with a range defining device, the present invention can also be practiced without the indicator defining the X-ray range.
第4a圖係顯示依據本發明第一實施例之移動式X光單元之X光裝療器描繪有第一實施例之指示器的剖面示意圖，X光裝療器(X-ray applicator)30包括一外殼體(outer housing)36容置有X光管總成(X-ray tube assembly)35，具有外部遮罩(external shielding)35a。 Figure 4a is a cross-sectional view showing the X-ray device of the mobile X-ray unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention, in which the X-ray applicator 30 is included. An outer housing 36 houses an X-ray tube assembly 35 having an external shielding 35a.
依據本發明之一態樣，X光裝療器30更包括一光源(light source)48a與一反射鏡(mirror)48配合以發出光，即為由X光管所產生之X光射束的射束指示(beam indicative)。更好的是，X光具有一延伸軸(propagation axis)45a，配合於X光管之縱軸。光源48a及反射鏡48是 配置成使得所產生之光束可延伸為大致上沿著X光管總成35之縱軸的。 According to one aspect of the present invention, the X-ray device 30 further includes a light source 48a that cooperates with a mirror 48 to emit light, that is, an X-ray beam generated by the X-ray tube. Beam indication. More preferably, the X-ray has a propagation axis 45a that fits the longitudinal axis of the X-ray tube. The light source 48a and the mirror 48 are It is configured such that the resulting beam can extend substantially along the longitudinal axis of the X-ray tube assembly 35.
當所形成之光束為準直儀(collimator)33所截取，X光射束之一視覺指示可有利於X光裝療器及患者之目標區域之間的準確對準。 When the resulting beam is intercepted by a collimator 33, one of the X-ray beams can be visually sensed to facilitate accurate alignment between the X-ray applicator and the target area of the patient.
更好的是，在撞擊靶(陽極)和準直儀(collimator)33之間的距離約為4~10公分，更好的是約為5~6公分，如此相對短之撞擊靶-準直儀距離出人意料地適於產生X光射束，具有大體上較窄之半影區(penumbra)(每20/80%行約1.5-1.8mm)及較佳之射束平整度(flatness)，此是由於其相對小之對焦距離。 More preferably, the distance between the impact target (anode) and the collimator 33 is about 4 to 10 cm, more preferably about 5 to 6 cm, so that the relatively short impact target-collimation The instrument distance is unexpectedly suitable for generating an X-ray beam having a substantially narrow penumbra (about 1.5-1.8 mm per 20/80% of the line) and better beam flatness, which is Due to its relatively small focusing distance.
X光裝療器30更包括一濾器(filter)39以硬化從撞擊靶發出之X光射束、一射束平整濾器(beam flattening filter)40以平整射束外形、以及一準直儀33，插置於一準直儀容室(collimator receptacle)41上。 The X-ray applicator 30 further includes a filter 39 to harden the X-ray beam emitted from the impact target, a beam flattening filter 40 to flatten the beam profile, and a collimator 33, Plugged into a collimator receptacle 41.
為了避免X光管使用時過熱，將提供一冷卻系統(cooling system)34，較有利的是間隔配置於X光管總成35及外部遮罩35a之間，且與X光管總成35的表面相接觸。合適之冷媒可利用一管路(pipe)31而提供，更好的是，冷媒是可循環的，且可以為水或壓縮氣體。X光裝療器30可更包括一溫度感測器(temperature sensor)37。 In order to avoid overheating of the X-ray tube during use, a cooling system 34 will be provided, advantageously disposed between the X-ray tube assembly 35 and the external mask 35a, and with the X-ray tube assembly 35. The surfaces are in contact. A suitable refrigerant can be provided by a pipe 31. More preferably, the refrigerant is recyclable and can be water or a compressed gas. The X-ray device 30 can further include a temperature sensor 37.
X光裝療器30可更包括一合適之幅射偵測器(radiation detector)38，連接至一幅射指示器(radiation indicator)43。更好的是，由幅射偵測器38所收集到的數 據被儲存至數據儲存單元(data storage unit)44。 The X-ray applicator 30 can further include a suitable radiation detector 38 coupled to a radiation indicator 43. More preferably, the number collected by the radiation detector 38 It is stored to a data storage unit 44.
為了保護X光裝療器30的X光出口表面在門診時免於受到污染，可提供一裝療器蓋(exchange cap)42以覆蓋至少X光裝療器30的出口視窗。更好的是，裝療器蓋的厚度夠厚足以完全截斷X光裝療器所發出的二次電子(secondary electrons)。更好的是，裝療器蓋是由聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF,polyvinylidene fluoride)所製造，且橫跨視窗部份的厚度約為0.4~0.7公厘，更好的是0.6公厘，且具有約1.75~1.8的密度，更好的是為1.78的密度。或者是，裝療器蓋是由聚苯碸(PPSU,polyphenylsulfone)所製造，且橫跨視窗部份的厚度約為0.3~0.6公厘，更好的是0.5公厘，且具有約1.30~1.45的密度，更好的是為1.39的密度。可以發現上述材料由於其在X光的影響下的穩定性而特別的適合用於此，且適於不同類型的消毒程序(sterilization)，例如化學消毒或在高溫下消毒。 To protect the X-ray exit surface of the X-ray applicator 30 from contamination during the clinic, an exchange cap 42 may be provided to cover at least the exit window of the X-ray applicator 30. More preferably, the thickness of the applicator cover is thick enough to completely intercept the secondary electrons emitted by the X-ray device. More preferably, the cap is made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and has a thickness of about 0.4 to 0.7 mm, more preferably 0.6 mm, across the window portion. A density of about 1.75 to 1.8, more preferably a density of 1.78. Alternatively, the cap is made of polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) and has a thickness of about 0.3 to 0.6 mm, more preferably 0.5 mm, and about 1.30 to 1.45. The density is better for a density of 1.39. It has been found that the above materials are particularly suitable for use herein due to their stability under the influence of X-rays and are suitable for different types of sterilization, such as chemical sterilization or sterilization at elevated temperatures.
第4b圖係顯示依據本發明第二實施例之移動式X光單元之X光裝療器描繪有第二實施例之指示器的剖面示意圖，在本實施例中，光纖(optical fiber)47a提供於準直儀容室41於準直儀33之上，光纖47a配置成以產生一光源範圍(light field)大致上以準直儀33之開口為中心，藉以模擬從準直儀所發出之X光射束，基於此目的，光纖47a是配置成相較於所預期之X光射束是有差異大致上較窄之射束。 Figure 4b is a cross-sectional view showing the indicator of the second embodiment of the X-ray device of the mobile X-ray unit according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, an optical fiber 47a is provided. The collimator chamber 41 is above the collimator 33, and the optical fiber 47a is configured to generate a light field substantially centered on the opening of the collimator 33 to simulate X-rays emitted from the collimator. The beam, for this purpose, the fiber 47a is a beam that is configured to be substantially narrower than the expected X-ray beam.
或者是，其可以使用光纖47a用以將X光射束之中心 軸(central axis)45a視覺化(visualizing)。在本例中，光纖較佳的是配置成發出較窄之射束光源產生一較小之光點於患者的表面。更好的是，光點的尺寸為小於5mm2，更佳的是光點的尺寸約為1mm2。一適合之發光二極體或雷射可用以產生從光纖47a所發出的光。更佳的是，發光二極體及雷射是遠端地相對於X光裝療器30而配置。可以理解，在另一選擇結構中可使用一或多個光源與一或多個光纖相配合。 Alternatively, it is possible to use an optical fiber 47a for visualizing the central axis 45a of the X-ray beam. In this example, the fiber is preferably configured to emit a narrower beam source to produce a smaller spot of light on the surface of the patient. More preferably, the size of the spot is less than 5 mm 2 , and more preferably the spot size is about 1 mm 2 . A suitable light emitting diode or laser can be used to generate light emitted from the optical fiber 47a. More preferably, the light emitting diode and the laser are disposed remotely relative to the X-ray applicator 30. It will be appreciated that one or more light sources may be used in conjunction with one or more optical fibers in another alternative configuration.
第4c圖係顯示依據本發明第三實施例之移動式X光單元之X光裝療器描繪有第三實施例之指示器的剖面示意圖，在本實施例中，X光裝療器具有一撞擊靶(target)45用以產生具有X光縱軸45a之X光射束(X-ray beam)45c，其提供有外部指示器(external indicator)用以在從X光裝療器之底表面(lower surface)49之一既定距離(pre-determined distance)D中將縱軸45a視覺化，更好的是，底表面49是對應於如第1c圖所示之出口視窗，或對應於如第5圖所示之裝療器蓋。 Figure 4c is a cross-sectional view showing the indicator of the third embodiment of the X-ray device of the mobile X-ray unit according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment, the X-ray device has a collision. A target 45 is used to generate an X-ray beam 45c having an X-ray longitudinal axis 45a that is provided with an external indicator for use on the bottom surface of the X-ray device ( The lower surface 45 is visualized by a longitudinal axis 45a in a pre-determined distance D. More preferably, the bottom surface 49 corresponds to an exit window as shown in FIG. 1c, or corresponds to a fifth The device cover shown in the figure.
外部指示器包括一或多個光源(light source)52a、52b設置於對應之支撐臂(support arm)54a、54b上，以個別產生窄光束(light beam)53a、53b，此些射束是直接朝向縱軸45a且適於在從X光裝療器30之底表面49既定距離D處交會。更好的是，既定距離D是選擇於0.5~2公分之間。支撐臂54a、54b是配置成使光束53a、53b不會被X光裝療器擋住的狀態。 The external indicator includes one or more light sources 52a, 52b disposed on respective support arms 54a, 54b to individually generate light beams 53a, 53b, which are direct It is oriented towards the longitudinal axis 45a and is adapted to meet at a predetermined distance D from the bottom surface 49 of the X-ray applicator 30. Even better, the established distance D is chosen to be between 0.5 and 2 cm. The support arms 54a, 54b are in a state in which the light beams 53a, 53b are not blocked by the X-ray applicator.
當X光裝療器相對於患者P而定位時，前者必須以下述方式操作，光束53a、53b交會於患者之一表面上。然而，當治療方案應使用劑量增進材料(dose build-up material)時，光束53a、53b可穿越(cross)劑量增進材料之表面。更佳的是，支撐臂54a、54b是可調整的以從X光裝療器之底表面49不同距離處指示中心軸45a。 When the X-ray applicator is positioned relative to the patient P, the former must operate in such a manner that the beams 53a, 53b meet on one of the surfaces of the patient. However, when the treatment protocol should use a dose build-up material, the beams 53a, 53b can cross the surface of the dose enhancing material. More preferably, the support arms 54a, 54b are adjustable to indicate the central axis 45a at different distances from the bottom surface 49 of the X-ray applicator.
為了校準支撐臂之調整，可使用一透明校準模型(calibration phantom)，其中已標示有中心軸及深度(depth)。可以理解的是，雖然第4a~4c圖是分別顯示不同實施例之指示器，然將其組合運用亦是可行的。舉例來說，用以指示中心軸的指示器可與用以指示全部範圍之指示器相結合。另外，內部及外部指示器也可結合運用。 To calibrate the adjustment of the support arm, a calibration phantom can be used in which the central axis and depth have been indicated. It can be understood that although the 4a-4c diagrams respectively show indicators of different embodiments, it is also feasible to use them in combination. For example, an indicator to indicate the center axis can be combined with an indicator to indicate the full range. In addition, internal and external indicators can also be combined.
第5圖係顯示依據本發明一實施例之X光裝療器具有第3圖之裝療器蓋的示意圖，裝療器蓋42可以透明玻璃、透明塑膠或陶瓷製造，裝療器蓋也可以是以金屬製造，雖然這不是最佳的。最後一種情況下，裝療器蓋42可被消毒。然而，更好的是，使用拋棄式裝療器蓋。在第5圖中元件符號50所指係顯示X光裝療器(X-ray applicator)51的外徑大於其出口部份的外徑，由裝療器蓋42所覆蓋。雖然本實施例可將X光裝療器的總重量較小化，但仍可以將出口部份與X光裝療器51的本體具有相同的直徑。裝療器蓋可具有0.5~2公分之厚度，低Z材料(low Z material)製造。 Figure 5 is a schematic view showing an X-ray device according to an embodiment of the present invention having a device cover of Figure 3, the device cover 42 can be made of transparent glass, transparent plastic or ceramic, and the device cover can also be used. It is made of metal, although this is not optimal. In the last case, the applicator cover 42 can be sterilized. However, it is even better to use a disposable heat treatment device cover. In the fifth drawing, the symbol 50 indicates that the outer diameter of the X-ray applicator 51 is larger than the outer diameter of the outlet portion, and is covered by the heat treatment cover 42. Although this embodiment can reduce the total weight of the X-ray applicator, the outlet portion can be the same diameter as the body of the X-ray applicator 51. The cap can be made of 0.5 to 2 cm thick and made of low Z material.
第6圖係顯示依據本發明另一實施例之移動式X光單 元之X光管的示意圖，第6E-E圖係顯示一實施例之X光裝療器之縱向剖面示意圖，第6F-F圖係顯示如第6E-E圖之實施例其顯示有陰極。X光管(X-ray tube)100具有本體(body)102，一端為封閉端，另一端為一端視窗(end window)104，X光由此射出。端視窗係由鈹金屬板(thin sheet of Beryllium)所製作。藉由一裝療器蓋(applicator cap)106覆蓋住端視窗104以保護視窗部份免於損傷，以及保護免於金屬之毒性(toxic)影響。裝療器蓋106較佳是由塑膠材質製成。 Figure 6 is a diagram showing a mobile X-ray single according to another embodiment of the present invention. A schematic view of the X-ray tube of the element, a 6E-E diagram showing a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the X-ray treatment device of an embodiment, and a 6F-F diagram showing a cathode as shown in the embodiment of the 6E-E diagram. The X-ray tube 100 has a body 102 with a closed end at one end and an end window 104 at the other end, from which X-rays are emitted. The end window is made of thin sheet of Beryllium. The end window 104 is covered by an applicator cap 106 to protect the window portion from damage and to protect against metal toxic effects. The applicator cover 106 is preferably made of a plastic material.
在管本體102中，一撞擊靶(target)108位於距準直儀(collimator)130約4~10公分處，且更好的是位於距準直儀130約4~6公分處，見第6F-F圖。撞擊靶108是由鎢金屬(Tungsten metal)製作，以提供所需之X光光譜(X-ray spectrum)。撞擊靶108的鎢末端是裝設於一大的陽極總成(anode assembly)110上，其同樣提供作為在撞擊靶108中以傳導出因生成X光而產生的熱之功能。大多數的陽極總成是以銅製作。陰極(cathode)112是位於稍微偏軸靠近端視窗，從陰極射出的電子被加速跨過陰極和陽極之間電位差的差距，在本例中設定為約70KV，如習知技術同，到達撞擊靶108，在此撞擊且使X光產生，從撞擊靶108射出的X光在經過準直儀130及經過在裝療器蓋106上的出口表面(exit surface)124之前，先經過一射束硬化濾器(beam hardening filter)122。準直儀130可被裝設於適合之準直儀容室(collimator receptacle)128上。 In the tube body 102, a strike target 108 is located about 4 to 10 cm from the collimator 130, and more preferably about 4 to 6 cm from the collimator 130, see the 6F. -F map. The impact target 108 is fabricated from Tungsten metal to provide the desired X-ray spectrum. The tungsten tip of the impact target 108 is mounted on a large anode assembly 110, which is also provided as a function in the impact target 108 to conduct heat generated by the generation of X-rays. Most anode assemblies are made of copper. The cathode 112 is located slightly off-axis near the end window, and the electrons emitted from the cathode are accelerated across the potential difference between the cathode and the anode, which is set to about 70 KV in this example, and reaches the impact target as in the prior art. 108, where the X-ray is struck and X-rays are generated, and the X-rays emitted from the impacting target 108 are subjected to a beam hardening before passing through the collimator 130 and passing through an exit surface 124 on the medicated cap 106. Beam hardening filter 122. The collimator 130 can be mounted on a suitable collimator receptacle 128.
陽極總成110裝設於本體102中且其電性絕緣，數種已知技術及習知材料皆可用於提供所需之陽極和本體102之間之絕緣程度。 The anode assembly 110 is mounted in the body 102 and is electrically insulated. Several known techniques and conventional materials can be used to provide the desired degree of insulation between the anode and the body 102.
如同習知技術，X光的生成會產生大量的廢熱，因此，需要將管冷卻維持在一安全溫度以下。多種冷卻機構已為周知且可被使用。在本實施例中，管的冷卻是由水強制圍繞著陽極區域之裝置而冷卻，水藉由導管(conduit)116裝置而進入管的後面，且藉由第二導管(second conduit)118裝置而離開。水冷卻迴路是封閉之迴圈迴路，具有遠端冷卻器(remote cooler，圖上未顯示)於水離開欲冷卻之管組合而在返回管之前。或者，油或其它流體亦可使用作為冷卻媒介。在一些應用中，亦可用壓縮氣體作為有效之冷卻劑。 As is known in the art, the generation of X-rays generates a large amount of waste heat, and therefore, it is necessary to maintain the tube cooling below a safe temperature. A variety of cooling mechanisms are known and can be used. In this embodiment, the cooling of the tube is cooled by means of water forced around the anode region, the water entering the back of the tube by means of a conduit 116 device, and by means of a second conduit 118 device go away. The water cooling circuit is a closed loop circuit with a remote cooler (not shown) before the water leaves the tube to be cooled and before the return tube. Alternatively, oil or other fluids may be used as a cooling medium. In some applications, compressed gas can also be used as an effective coolant.
如同習知技術，X光被生成且朝所有方向射出，除了被管本體102遮蔽處及其它內部構件遮蔽處，藉以將從管本體幅射出的量減到最少，而使較多的幅射從端視窗射出。由管所提供之遮蔽的厚度是設計成至少提供了使用者安全使用所需遮蔽之最低程度。 As in the prior art, X-rays are generated and emitted in all directions, except for the shelter of the tube body 102 and other internal component shields, thereby minimizing the amount of radiation from the tube body and making more radiation. Shoot from the end window. The thickness of the mask provided by the tube is designed to at least provide the minimum level of shading required for safe use by the user.
高壓線路總成(high voltage cable assembly)120連接至陽極總成110。高壓線路總成連接至具彈性線路之裝置(flexible cable means，圖上未顯示)，其依序連接至高壓電源供應器。依據本發明之一態樣，形成劑量測定系統之一幅射偵測器(radiation detector)114是設置於X光射束從撞擊靶108射出至經過端視窗104之路徑的外 側，此偵測器可以是任何已知之幅射偵測器。在本實施例中，是使用習知之適合之幅射硬化半導體(radiation hardened semi-conductor)連接至一放大器(amplifier)。當X光管100運作且射出X光能量時，幅射偵測器114開始偵測。偵測器的輸出連接至一控制單元，由此所輸出之訊號可提供作為一光學指示(optical indication)，藉以確認X光管是否在操作中。藉此裝置可提供一X光偵測器，用以偵測X光管是啟動或關閉。 A high voltage cable assembly 120 is coupled to the anode assembly 110. The high voltage line assembly is connected to a flexible cable means (not shown) which is in turn connected to the high voltage power supply. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a radiation detector 114 forming a dosimetry system is disposed outside of the path in which the X-ray beam exits from the impact target 108 to the end window 104. On the side, the detector can be any known radiation detector. In this embodiment, it is connected to an amplifier using a conventional radiation hardened semi-conductor. When the X-ray tube 100 is operating and emits X-ray energy, the radiation detector 114 begins to detect. The output of the detector is coupled to a control unit whereby the output signal can be provided as an optical indication to confirm that the X-ray tube is in operation. The device can provide an X-ray detector for detecting whether the X-ray tube is activated or deactivated.
進一步調校幅射偵測器114，其可以在療程期間管控到達患者之確定及計算X光劑量。藉此裝置可具有即時之劑量管控系統，藉此可確定管控精準之幅射劑量。一旦可確定劑量率(dose rate)，療程時間之處理方案即可被調整。此優點在於可實現所欲管控之準確小心之X光劑量控制。 The radiation detector 114 is further calibrated to control the determination of the arrival of the patient and calculate the X-ray dose during the course of treatment. This device can have an instant dose control system whereby the precise dose of radiation can be determined. Once the dose rate can be determined, the treatment schedule can be adjusted. This has the advantage of achieving an accurate and precise X-ray dose control that is to be controlled.
為了使管102可正確地放置於一腫瘤(tumour)上，需使用一腫瘤照明裝置。此腫瘤照明裝置可包括複數個光源(light)126放置於管的周緣靠近端視窗處。當使用時，光源的光照在患者的皮膚上。由於光源126是位於圍繞在管本體102的周緣，距離管的末端還有一小段距離，因此產生了一光圈(circle of light)，其內部是空的。以此方法之下，光的位置在管本體102處產生了一陰影。此陰影圈係用以標示出當X光管啟動時放射目標的區域。在圈的內部不會是完全黑的，因為環境光會進入此陰影區域中。 In order for the tube 102 to be properly placed on a tumor, a tumor illumination device is used. The tumor illumination device can include a plurality of light sources 126 placed at the periphery of the tube near the end window. When used, the light from the source is on the patient's skin. Since the light source 126 is located around the circumference of the tube body 102, a small distance from the end of the tube, a circle of light is created, the interior of which is empty. In this way, the position of the light creates a shadow at the tube body 102. This shaded circle is used to indicate the area where the target is radiated when the X-ray tube is activated. The inside of the circle will not be completely black, as ambient light will enter this shaded area.
更好的是，光源126是白光發光二極體(white LED)， 其亮度夠亮足以清楚照亮目標區域，且不會產生過多的熱，並具有較長的使用壽命。沒有熱的產生是很重要的，因為此光源會非常靠近患者的皮膚，且同樣重要的是，可將使皮膚燒傷或其它損傷之風險降到最低。其他顏色之發光二極體當然亦可以被使用。或者，也可以使用其它之光源，如習知之燈絲燈泡(filament lamp)，或甚至是遠端光源(remote light)由光纖電纜(fibre optic cable)連接至一環(ring)。 More preferably, the light source 126 is a white light emitting diode (white LED). Its brightness is bright enough to clearly illuminate the target area without excessive heat and a long life. It is important to have no heat generated because the source is very close to the patient's skin and, as importantly, the risk of skin burns or other damage can be minimized. Light-emitting diodes of other colors can of course also be used. Alternatively, other sources of light may be used, such as a conventional filament lamp, or even a remote light connected to a ring by a fibre optic cable.
本發明雖以較佳實施例揭露如上，然其並非用以限定本發明的範圍，任何熟習此項技藝者，在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內，當可做些許的更動與潤飾，因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 The present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the invention may be modified and modified without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.
1‧‧‧陽極(anode) 1‧‧‧Anode
1a‧‧‧撞擊靶範圍(target region) 1a‧‧‧target range
2‧‧‧基座(base) 2‧‧‧Base
2a‧‧‧加載塊(load block) 2a‧‧‧Load block
3‧‧‧軟性纜線(flexible cable) 3‧‧‧flexible cable
4‧‧‧X光裝療器(X-ray applicator) 4‧‧‧X-ray applicator
4a‧‧‧鉸接可位移式臂(articulated displaceable arm) 4a‧‧‧ articulated arm (articulated displaceable arm)
5‧‧‧可位移式面板(displaceable panel) 5‧‧‧Displaceable panel
5a‧‧‧外部(outer portion) 5a‧‧‧outer portion
6‧‧‧握把(handle) 6‧‧‧Handle
7‧‧‧顯示器(display) 7‧‧‧Display
7a‧‧‧使用者介面(user interface) 7a‧‧‧user interface
7b‧‧‧視窗(window) 7b‧‧‧window
7c‧‧‧視窗(window) 7c‧‧‧window
7d‧‧‧按鍵(button) 7d‧‧‧ button (button)
8‧‧‧出口視窗(exit window)/X光出口表面(x-ray exit surface) 8‧‧‧Exit window/X-ray exit surface
8’‧‧‧出口表面(exit surface) 8'‧‧‧Exit surface
8a‧‧‧X光射束(X-ray beam) 8a‧‧‧X-ray beam
8b‧‧‧射束軸(beam axis) 8b‧‧‧beam axis
9‧‧‧劑量測定系統(dosimetry system) 9‧‧‧dosimetry system
10‧‧‧移動式X光單元(mobile X-ray unit) 10‧‧‧mobile X-ray unit
15a、15b‧‧‧光源(light source) 15a, 15b‧‧‧light source
16a、16b‧‧‧支撐臂(support arm) 16a, 16b‧‧‧support arm
18‧‧‧劑量測定系統(dosimetry system)/劑量測定裝置(desimetric device) 18‧‧‧dosimetry system/desimetric device
21‧‧‧控制單元(control system) 21‧‧‧control unit
21a‧‧‧使用者介面(user interface) 21a‧‧‧user interface
21b‧‧‧高壓供應器(high voltage supply)/電源供應單元(power supply unit) 21b‧‧‧high voltage supply/power supply unit
21c‧‧‧高壓產生器(high voltage generator) 21c‧‧‧high voltage generator
21d‧‧‧冷卻系統(cooling system) 21d‧‧‧Cooling system
21e‧‧‧主要控制器(primary controller) 21e‧‧‧primary controller
21f‧‧‧次要控制器(secondary controller) 21f‧‧‧secondary controller
21g‧‧‧安全控制器(safety controller) 21g‧‧‧safety controller
21h‧‧‧劑量控制器(dosimetry control) 21h‧‧‧dosimetry control
21i‧‧‧指示控制器(indicator controller) 21i‧‧‧indicator controller
22‧‧‧X光裝療器(X-ray applicator) 22‧‧‧X-ray applicator
22a‧‧‧X光管(X-ray tube) 22a‧‧‧X-ray tube
22b‧‧‧射束硬化濾器(beam hardening filter) 22b‧‧·beam hardening filter
22c‧‧‧射束平整濾器(beam flattening filter) 22c‧‧·beam flattening filter
22d‧‧‧準直儀(collimator) 22d‧‧‧collimator
22e‧‧‧裝療器蓋(applicator cap) 22e‧‧‧applicator cap
22f‧‧‧自動準直偵測裝置(automatic collimator detection mean) 22f‧‧‧Automatic collimator detection mean
22g‧‧‧殼體溫度感測器(housing temperature sensor) 22g‧‧‧ housing temperature sensor
22h‧‧‧幅射感測器(radiation sensor) 22h‧‧‧radiation sensor
22i‧‧‧非暫存式數據儲存器(non-volatile data storage) 22i‧‧‧non-volatile data storage
22j‧‧‧幅射指示器(radiation indicator) 22j‧‧‧radiation indicator
22k‧‧‧外殼體(outer shielding) 22k‧‧‧outer shielding
30‧‧‧X光裝療器(X-ray applicator) 30‧‧‧X-ray applicator
31‧‧‧管路(pipe) 31‧‧‧pipe
33‧‧‧準直儀(collimator) 33‧‧‧collimator
34‧‧‧冷卻系統(cooling system) 34‧‧‧Cooling system
35‧‧‧X光管總成(X-ray tube assembly) 35‧‧‧X-ray tube assembly
35a‧‧‧外部遮罩(external shielding) 35a‧‧‧External shielding
36‧‧‧外殼體(outer housing) 36‧‧‧outer housing
37‧‧‧溫度感測器(temperature sensor) 37‧‧‧temperature sensor
38‧‧‧幅射偵測器(radiation detector) 38‧‧‧radiation detector
39‧‧‧濾器(filter) 39‧‧‧Filter
40‧‧‧射束平整濾器(beam flattening filter) 40‧‧‧beam flattening filter
41‧‧‧準直儀容室(collimator receptacle) 41‧‧‧collimator receptacle
42‧‧‧裝療器蓋(exchange cap) 42‧‧‧Therapy cover (exchange cap)
43‧‧‧幅射指示器(radiation indicator) 43‧‧‧radiation indicator
44‧‧‧數據儲存單元(data storage unit) 44‧‧‧data storage unit
45‧‧‧撞擊靶(target) 45‧‧‧ impact target (target)
45a‧‧‧延伸軸(propagation axis)/中心軸(central axis) 45a‧‧‧propagation axis/central axis
45c‧‧‧X光射束(X-ray beam) 45c‧‧‧X-ray beam
47a‧‧‧光纖(optical fiber) 47a‧‧‧optical fiber
48‧‧‧反射鏡(mirror) 48‧‧‧Mirror (mirror)
48a‧‧‧光源(light source) 48a‧‧‧light source
49‧‧‧底表面(lower surface) 49‧‧‧lower surface
51‧‧‧X光裝療器(X-ray applicator) 51‧‧‧X-ray applicator
52a、52b‧‧‧光源(light source) 52a, 52b‧‧‧light source
53a、53b‧‧‧光束(light beam) 53a, 53b‧‧‧light beam
54a、54b‧‧‧支撐臂(support arm) 54a, 54b‧‧‧support arm
100‧‧‧X光管(X-ray tube) 100‧‧‧X-ray tube
102‧‧‧本體(body) 102‧‧‧ body
104‧‧‧端視窗(end window) 104‧‧‧End window
106‧‧‧裝療器蓋(applicator cap) 106‧‧‧Applicator cap
108‧‧‧撞擊靶(target) 108‧‧‧ impact target (target)
110‧‧‧陽極總成(anode assembly) 110‧‧‧Anode assembly
112‧‧‧陰極(cathode) 112‧‧‧cathode
114‧‧‧幅射偵測器(radiation detector) 114‧‧‧radiation detector
116‧‧‧導管(conduit) 116‧‧‧catheter (conduit)
118‧‧‧第二導管(second conduit) 118‧‧‧second conduit
120‧‧‧高壓線路總成(high voltage cable assembly) 120‧‧‧High voltage cable assembly
122‧‧‧射束硬化濾器(beam hardening filter) 122‧‧‧beam hardening filter
124‧‧‧出口表面(exit surface) 124‧‧‧Exit surface
126‧‧‧光源(light) 126‧‧‧Light source
128‧‧‧準直儀容室(collimator receptacle) 128‧‧‧collimator receptacle
130‧‧‧準直儀(collimator) 130‧‧‧collimator
C‧‧‧聚點(point) C‧‧‧ gathering point
D‧‧‧既定距離(pre-determined distance) D‧‧‧pre-determined distance
P‧‧‧患者(patient) P‧‧‧patient
P’‧‧‧表面(surface) P’‧‧‧Surface
第1a圖係顯示依據本發明一實施例之移動式X光單元的示意圖；第1b圖係顯示依據本發明一實施例之移動式X光單元之可位移式面板的示意圖；第1c圖係顯示依據本發明一實施例之具可位移功能應用之X光單元之示意圖；第2圖係顯示依據本發明一實施例之移動式X光單元之架構示意圖；第3圖係顯示依據本發明一實施例之X光單元之劑量測定系統之示意圖； 第4a圖係顯示依據本發明第一實施例之移動式X光單元之X光裝療器描繪有第一實施例之指示器的剖面示意圖；第4b圖係顯示依據本發明第二實施例之移動式X光單元之X光裝療器描繪有第二實施例之指示器的剖面示意圖；第4c圖係顯示依據本發明第三實施例之移動式X光單元之X光裝療器描繪有第三實施例之指示器的剖面示意圖；第5圖係顯示依據本發明一實施例之X光裝療器具有第3圖之裝療器蓋的示意圖；第6圖係顯示依據本發明另一實施例之移動式X光單元之X光管的示意圖；第6E-E圖係顯示一實施例之X光裝療器之縱向剖面示意圖；以及第6F-F圖係顯示如第6E-E圖之實施例其顯示有陰極。 1a is a schematic view showing a mobile X-ray unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 1b is a schematic view showing a displaceable panel of a mobile X-ray unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a mobile X-ray unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a mobile X-ray unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; Schematic diagram of a dosimetry system for an X-ray unit; Figure 4a is a cross-sectional view showing the indicator of the first embodiment of the X-ray device of the mobile X-ray unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4b is a view showing the second embodiment of the present invention. The X-ray device of the mobile X-ray unit is depicted in a cross-sectional view of the indicator of the second embodiment; and Figure 4c shows the X-ray device of the mobile X-ray unit according to the third embodiment of the present invention. A cross-sectional view of the indicator of the third embodiment; FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the X-ray treatment device according to an embodiment of the present invention having the applicator cover of FIG. 3; and FIG. 6 is a view showing another embodiment of the device according to the present invention; A schematic view of an X-ray tube of a mobile X-ray unit of an embodiment; a 6E-E diagram showing a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an X-ray device of an embodiment; and a 6F-F diagram showing a 6E-E diagram The embodiment shows a cathode.
2‧‧‧基座(base) 2‧‧‧Base
3‧‧‧軟性纜線(flexible cable) 3‧‧‧flexible cable
4‧‧‧X光裝療器(X-ray applicator) 4‧‧‧X-ray applicator
4a‧‧‧鉸接可位移式臂(articulated displaceable arm) 4a‧‧‧ articulated arm (articulated displaceable arm)
5‧‧‧可位移式面板(displaceable panel) 5‧‧‧Displaceable panel
6‧‧‧握把(handle) 6‧‧‧Handle
7‧‧‧顯示器(display) 7‧‧‧Display
8‧‧‧出口視窗(exit window) 8‧‧‧Exit window
8a‧‧‧X光射束(X-ray beam) 8a‧‧‧X-ray beam
8b‧‧‧射束軸(beam axis) 8b‧‧‧beam axis
9‧‧‧劑量測定系統(dosimetry system) 9‧‧‧dosimetry system
10‧‧‧移動式X光單元(mobile X-ray unit) 10‧‧‧mobile X-ray unit
21‧‧‧控制單元(control system) 21‧‧‧control unit
P‧‧‧患者(patient) P‧‧‧patient
P’‧‧‧表面(surface) P’‧‧‧Surface
Claims (21)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW101119909A TWI555552B (en) | 2012-06-04 | 2012-06-04 | A mobile x-ray unit and a method for dosimetry control |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW101119909A TWI555552B (en) | 2012-06-04 | 2012-06-04 | A mobile x-ray unit and a method for dosimetry control |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW201350160A TW201350160A (en) | 2013-12-16 |
| TWI555552B true TWI555552B (en) | 2016-11-01 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW101119909A TWI555552B (en) | 2012-06-04 | 2012-06-04 | A mobile x-ray unit and a method for dosimetry control |
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| Country | Link |
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| TW (1) | TWI555552B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI565450B (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2017-01-11 | Diagnostic system and method of human body parts for diagnosis and treatment equipment | |
| WO2018092174A1 (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2018-05-24 | キヤノンアネルバ株式会社 | X-ray generator and radiography system |
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| US6241670B1 (en) * | 1997-07-02 | 2001-06-05 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Radiotherapy system |
| WO2001064286A1 (en) * | 2000-02-28 | 2001-09-07 | X-Technologies, Ltd. | Dosimeter for a miniature energy transducer for emitting x-ray radiation |
| US20070076847A1 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-05 | Pellegrino Anthony J | Radiation therapy system with risk mitigation |
| WO2007064900A2 (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2007-06-07 | Xoft, Inc. | Treatment of lesions or imperfections in mammalian skin or near-skin tissues or in or near other anatomic surfaces |
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| US6241670B1 (en) * | 1997-07-02 | 2001-06-05 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Radiotherapy system |
| WO2001064286A1 (en) * | 2000-02-28 | 2001-09-07 | X-Technologies, Ltd. | Dosimeter for a miniature energy transducer for emitting x-ray radiation |
| US20070076847A1 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-05 | Pellegrino Anthony J | Radiation therapy system with risk mitigation |
| WO2007064900A2 (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2007-06-07 | Xoft, Inc. | Treatment of lesions or imperfections in mammalian skin or near-skin tissues or in or near other anatomic surfaces |
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