TWI552811B - Treatment of Harmful Heavy Metal Incineration Fly Ash - Google Patents
Treatment of Harmful Heavy Metal Incineration Fly Ash Download PDFInfo
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本發明是有關於一種飛灰處理方法，特別是指一種含有害重金屬焚化飛灰的處理方法。 The invention relates to a fly ash treatment method, in particular to a treatment method for containing heavy metal incineration fly ash.
一般廢棄物經焚化處理後，所產生的飛灰含有鈣(Ca)、矽(Si)、鋁(Al)、鐵(Fe)等金屬氧化物、鹽類(氯鹽)及如鎘(Cd)、鉻(Cr)、汞(Hg)、銅(Cu)及鉛(Pb)等有害重金屬，因此，必須先進行穩定化或無害化處理後，才能進行資源再利用或最終處置。 After the general waste is incinerated, the fly ash produced contains metal oxides such as calcium (Ca), strontium (Si), aluminum (Al), and iron (Fe), salts (chlorine salts), and cadmium (Cd). , harmful metals such as chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb), therefore, must be stabilized or harmless before the resource can be reused or finally disposed.
現有焚化飛灰多以固化(solidification)、穩定化(stabilization)進行中間處理。固化做法，目前常見包括固定、包封(encapsulation)及玻璃化(vitrification)，固定是以固化劑例如水泥、矽酸鈉、石灰或黏土等加入有害廢棄物焚化飛灰中而形成固體硬塊物質，使有害物質不易溶出。目前焚化飛灰大都以添加水泥作為固化處理。固化處理雖有操作簡便、設置費用低廉、無廢氣處理問題的優點，但固化後的體積增加15至20%、重量增加40至50%，且浪費固化劑及自然資源，又須分區掩埋處理降低掩埋年限，同時焚化飛灰中含有高濃度氯鹽，影響固化體的耐久性， 長期放置重金屬仍有溶出的疑慮。而包封是將有害廢棄物包覆其中以使有害物質與外界隔離。但由於其包覆成本高，造成處理費用過高，所以較少被採用。至於玻璃化的做法則是針對無機有害廢棄物質的處理方法，將有害廢棄物投入熔爐中以攝氏1400度高溫將有害廢棄物熔融，或燒結或添加適量氧化鋁以熔成玻璃陶瓷，達到安定化、減量化及減容化。此處理對象物較廣，抗壓強度較大，所製成的玻璃、陶瓷能較具再利用價值。但由於高鹽基度使得單一熔融處理受限，設置成本與操作維護費皆屬非常昂貴。 Existing incineration fly ash is mostly subjected to intermediate treatment by solidification and stabilization. Curing practices, which currently include fixation, encapsulation, and vitrification, are solid lumps that are added to hazardous waste incineration fly ash by a curing agent such as cement, sodium citrate, lime, or clay. Make harmful substances difficult to dissolve. At present, most of the incineration fly ash is treated by adding cement. Although the curing treatment has the advantages of simple operation, low installation cost, and no exhaust gas treatment problem, the volume after curing is increased by 15 to 20%, the weight is increased by 40 to 50%, and the curing agent and natural resources are wasted, and the partitioning and burying treatment is required to be reduced. The burial period, while the incineration fly ash contains high concentrations of chloride salts, affecting the durability of the solidified body, Long-term placement of heavy metals still has doubts about dissolution. The encapsulation is to cover hazardous waste to isolate harmful substances from the outside world. However, due to its high cost of coating, the processing cost is too high, so it is rarely used. As for the vitrification method, it is a treatment method for inorganic harmful waste materials. The hazardous waste is put into a furnace to melt the harmful waste at a temperature of 1400 ° C, or sintered or added with an appropriate amount of alumina to be melted into a glass ceramic to achieve stability. , reduction and reduction of capacity. The object to be treated is relatively wide, and the compressive strength is large, and the glass and ceramics produced can be reused. However, due to the high salt base, the single melting process is limited, and the installation cost and operation and maintenance cost are very expensive.
另外，穏定化處理做法是添加吸附劑或螯合劑或化學穩定劑使有害物質反應成為穏定物質而不再變化，以達到不再產生有害物的目的。但其優點及缺點則與上述固化處理做法的優點及缺點相同。 In addition, the deuteration treatment method is to add an adsorbent or a chelating agent or a chemical stabilizer to react the harmful substance into a stagnant substance without changing, so as to achieve the purpose of no longer generating harmful substances. However, its advantages and disadvantages are the same as those of the above curing treatment.
從而遂有多件專利案公開，如中華民國公告第I311494號「廢棄物焚化衍生飛灰重金屬去除之方法」發明專利案，即是利用原始飛灰與反應飛灰適合混合比例，再添加4至8倍混合飛灰重量的自來水或蒸餾水，進行10至24小時充分攪拌混合或振盪萃取，而達到飛灰重金屬去除的目的。但其水洗處理液有待處理，且並未揭露固液分離飛灰與廢液的詳細處理做法及改善。 Therefore, there are a number of patents published, such as the Republic of China Announcement No. I311494, "Methods for Removal of Heavy Metals from Waste Incineration-Derived Fly Ash", which is to use the original fly ash and reaction fly ash to mix proportions, and then add 4 to 8 times mixed tap water weight tap water or distilled water, 10 to 24 hours of thorough stirring or shaking extraction, to achieve the purpose of fly ash heavy metal removal. However, the washing treatment liquid is still to be treated, and the detailed treatment and improvement of the solid-liquid separation fly ash and waste liquid are not disclosed.
又如中華民國公告第I257330號「焚化飛灰之處理方法及裝置」發明專利案，是先將焚化飛灰施以水洗除氯再經密閉型泵進行壓送。但並未揭露如何消除重金屬。 Another example is the invention patent case of the "Incineration Fly Ash Treatment Method and Device" of the Republic of China Announcement No. I257330. The incineration fly ash is firstly washed with water and then filtered by a closed pump. But did not reveal how to eliminate heavy metals.
再如中華民國公告第407067號「廢棄物處理方 法」發明專利案，是於廢棄物中加入水玻璃和水進行振盪攪拌，將廢棄物中的鉛形成矽酸鉛沉澱，使鉛安定化，而達到穩定化有害重金屬鉛的目的，但是此發明仍只是結合水玻璃和水，即矽酸鈉溶液及水與含重金屬廢棄物混合攪拌進行養護固化。 Another example is the Republic of China Announcement No. 407067, "Waste Disposal The invention patent case is to add water glass and water to the waste for shaking and stirring, to form lead bismuth citrate precipitated in the waste, to stabilize the lead, and to stabilize the harmful heavy metal lead, but the invention It is still only combined with water glass and water, that is, sodium citrate solution and water mixed with heavy metal waste for curing curing.
本發明的申請人也曾申請並已經獲准的中國大陸第CN 101725993號「含有害重金屬焚化飛灰的處理方法」發明專利案，該案主要技術特徵是在於每100wt%含有害重金屬的廢棄物焚化飛灰中添加30至50wt%的石英砂及水，混合攪拌成為固液礦漿，並置入濕式渦錐分級篩選機進行分離。但是因發明人持續研究發現，該案所揭露的技術特徵對於有害重金屬的去除效果還有臻進的空間，所以再提出本發明。 The applicant of the present invention has also applied for and approved the invention patent of "Processing Method for Containing Heavy Metal Incineration Fly Ash" in CN 101725993 of China, the main technical feature of which is that every 100 wt% of waste containing heavy metals is incinerated. 30 to 50 wt% of quartz sand and water are added to the fly ash, mixed and stirred to form a solid-liquid slurry, and placed in a wet vortex cone sorting machine for separation. However, as a result of continuous research by the inventors, the technical features disclosed in the case have room for the removal of harmful heavy metals, and the present invention has been proposed.
因此，本發明之一目的，即在提供一種含有害重金屬焚化飛灰的處理方法，不但可去除飛灰中的可溶性氯鹽，也可達到粗粒徑焚化飛灰無害化及資源，並能降低細粒徑焚化飛灰的處理成本，提升焚化飛灰資源化再利用的適用性。 Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a treatment method for incineration fly ash containing heavy metals, which can not only remove soluble chlorine salts in fly ash, but also achieve harmlessness and resources of coarse particle incineration fly ash, and can reduce The treatment cost of fine particle size incineration fly ash improves the applicability of incineration fly ash resource recycling.
於是，本發明含有害重金屬焚化飛灰的處理方法，包含下列步驟：(a)在含有害重金屬焚化飛灰中添加水，且加熱至50至80℃，並予以混合攪拌水洗一段時間，再加入石英砂並繼續攪拌，此時利用一超音波產生器輸送功率為150 至300瓦的超音波，超音波作用時間控制在2.5至10分鐘，以形成固液礦漿；(b)利用一壓力泵將所述固液礦漿送入一濕式渦錐分級篩選機分離有害重金屬。 Therefore, the present invention comprises a method for treating heavy metal incineration fly ash, comprising the steps of: (a) adding water to the heavy metal incineration fly ash, heating to 50 to 80 ° C, mixing and stirring for a period of time, and then adding Quartz sand and continue to stir, at this time using an ultrasonic generator to deliver 150 Ultrasonic wave up to 300 watts, ultrasonic action time is controlled at 2.5 to 10 minutes to form solid-liquid slurry; (b) The solid-liquid slurry is sent to a wet vortex cone sorting machine to separate harmful heavy metals by a pressure pump .
本發明之功效在於藉由該濕式渦錐分級篩選機在旋轉篩選的過程中離心力及重力的作用，搭配加入水及超音波的振盪作用，而可依據顆粒之粒度或密度差將粗細顆粒進行分選，即粗顆粒下沉，細顆粒上浮，以有效分離有害重金屬，同時可洗去飛灰中的可溶性氯鹽，使得氯鹽符合標準，也可達到粗粒徑焚化飛灰無害化及資源化，並能降低細粒徑焚化飛灰的處理成本，提升焚化飛灰資源化再利用的適用性。 The effect of the invention is that the centrifugal force and the gravity act in the process of the rotary screening by the wet vortex cone grading screening machine, together with the oscillating action of adding water and ultrasonic waves, the coarse and fine particles can be carried out according to the particle size or density difference of the particles. Sorting, that is, the coarse particles sink, the fine particles float, to effectively separate harmful heavy metals, and at the same time, the soluble chlorine salt in the fly ash can be washed away, so that the chlorine salt meets the standard, and the coarse particle incineration fly ash is harmless and resources can be achieved. It can reduce the treatment cost of fine particle size incineration fly ash and improve the applicability of incineration fly ash resource recycling.
11‧‧‧步驟 11‧‧‧Steps
12‧‧‧步驟 12‧‧‧ steps
13‧‧‧分離步驟 13‧‧‧Separation steps
21‧‧‧焚化飛灰 21‧‧‧Incineration fly ash
22‧‧‧石英砂 22‧‧‧Quartz sand
23‧‧‧水 23‧‧‧ water
24‧‧‧固液礦漿 24‧‧‧ solid liquid slurry
25‧‧‧廢水排除 25‧‧‧ Wastewater Removal
31‧‧‧壓力泵 31‧‧‧pressure pump
32‧‧‧濕式渦錐分級篩選機 32‧‧‧ Wet Vortex Cone Screening Machine
321‧‧‧底流口 321‧‧‧ bottom mouth
322‧‧‧溢流口 322‧‧‧ overflow
33‧‧‧超音波產生器 33‧‧‧ Ultrasonic generator
本發明之其他的特徵及功效，將於參照圖式的實施方式中清楚地呈現，其中：圖1是一方法流程圖，說明本發明含有害重金屬焚化飛灰的處理方法的一實施例；圖2是一示意圖，輔助說明圖1；圖3是一關係圖，說明該實施例之固液礦漿的液固比與氯鹽去除率之關係；圖4是一關係圖，說明該實施例之固液礦漿的攪拌時間與氯鹽去除率之關係；圖5是一關係圖，說明該實施例之濕式渦錐分級篩選機的葉片轉速與氯鹽去除率之關係；以及 圖6是一關係圖，說明該實施例之超音波功率與氯鹽去除率之關係。 Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for treating heavy metal incineration fly ash according to the present invention; 2 is a schematic diagram, and FIG. 3 is a supplementary diagram illustrating the relationship between the liquid-solid ratio of the solid-liquid slurry of the embodiment and the chlorine salt removal rate; FIG. 4 is a relationship diagram illustrating the solidification of the embodiment. The relationship between the stirring time of the liquid slurry and the chlorine salt removal rate; FIG. 5 is a relationship diagram illustrating the relationship between the blade rotation speed and the chlorine salt removal rate of the wet vortex cone grading screening machine of the embodiment; Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the ultrasonic power and the chlorine salt removal rate of this embodiment.
在介紹本發明之方法的步驟流程前，先說明所採集焚化飛灰之物化特性及溶出特性，分析焚化飛灰之含水率、比重、pH值、灼燒減量、鹽類濃度及毒性特性溶出試驗(TCLP)，以及篩分後分析各粒徑分佈之累積重量百分比及其重金屬含量如下：本發明之實施例所使用的焚化飛灰是來自於台灣南部某資源回收廠，取自該廠之半乾式洗煙塔及袋式集塵器採集所得之焚化飛灰，此飛灰的物化分析測得含水率為1.28%，pH值為12.08，屬高鹼度物質，比重為2.89g/cm3，未燃碳0.21%，活性碳11.73%，且如表1所示，顯示焚化飛灰中以鈣(Ca)、氯(Cl)、矽(Si)、鉀(K)及鈉(Na)等元素為主。晶相組成為CaClOH、Ca(OH)2、KCl、NaCl、SiO2、CaSO4、CaCO3。 Before introducing the step flow of the method of the present invention, the physicochemical characteristics and dissolution characteristics of the collected incineration fly ash are described, and the water content, specific gravity, pH value, ignition loss, salt concentration and toxicity characteristics dissolution test of the incineration fly ash are analyzed. (TCLP), and the cumulative weight percentage of each particle size distribution after analysis and its heavy metal content are as follows: The incineration fly ash used in the embodiment of the present invention is from a resource recycling plant in southern Taiwan, taken from half of the plant The incineration fly ash obtained by the dry type smoke washing tower and the bag type dust collector, the physicochemical analysis of the fly ash has a water content of 1.28% and a pH value of 12.08, which is a high alkalinity substance and has a specific gravity of 2.89 g/cm 3 . Unburned carbon 0.21%, activated carbon 11.73%, and as shown in Table 1, it shows that elements such as calcium (Ca), chlorine (Cl), strontium (Si), potassium (K) and sodium (Na) are incinerated fly ash. Mainly. The crystal phase composition is CaClOH, Ca(OH) 2 , KCl, NaCl, SiO 2 , CaSO 4 , CaCO 3 .
再參閱表2，為焚化飛灰毒性特性溶出試驗(TCLP)之結果，由分析結果可以發現，焚化飛灰中以Pb(34.08mg/l)及Zn(6.13mg/l)溶出濃度較高，其中Pb的溶出濃度已超過溶出毒性的法規限值(5mg/l)。 Referring to Table 2, the results of the incineration fly ash toxicity characteristic dissolution test (TCLP), it can be found from the analysis results that the incineration fly ash has a higher dissolution concentration of Pb (34.08 mg / l) and Zn (6.13 mg / l). The dissolution concentration of Pb has exceeded the regulatory limit of dissolution toxicity (5 mg/l).
參閱圖1、2，本發明含有害重金屬焚化飛灰的處理方法的一實施例，包含下列步驟11及步驟12。 Referring to Figures 1 and 2, an embodiment of a method for treating heavy metal incineration fly ash according to the present invention comprises the following steps 11 and 12.
在該步驟11中，是先在含有害重金屬焚化飛灰21中添加水23，且加熱至50至80℃，並予以進行混合攪拌水洗，攪拌水洗時間至少為2.5分鐘，如此即進行除氯作用。接著再加入石英砂22並繼續攪拌，此時同時利用一超音波產生器輸送功率為150至300瓦的超音波，超音波作用時間控制在2.5至10分鐘，以形成固液礦漿24。特別說明的是，所述固液礦漿24的液固比為10：1。另外，水、焚化飛灰及石英砂的混合比例為30：2：1，或40：3：1，在本實施例中是以前者做說明。此外，石英砂22可以是選自非晶形二氧化矽、石英、鱗矽石、白矽石或施石英。 In this step 11, water 23 is first added to the heavy metal incineration fly ash 21, and heated to 50 to 80 ° C, and mixed and stirred for washing, and the water washing time is at least 2.5 minutes, so that the chlorine removal effect is performed. . Then, quartz sand 22 is added and stirring is continued. At this time, an ultrasonic wave of 150 to 300 watts is supplied by an ultrasonic generator, and the ultrasonic action time is controlled to 2.5 to 10 minutes to form a solid-liquid slurry 24. Specifically, the solid-liquid slurry 24 has a liquid-solid ratio of 10:1. Further, the mixing ratio of water, incineration fly ash, and quartz sand is 30:2:1, or 40:3:1, which is explained in the present embodiment. Further, the quartz sand 22 may be selected from amorphous ceria, quartz, smectite, chalk or quartz.
特別說明的是，固液礦漿24之液固比及攪拌時間均會對氯鹽產生影響，如圖3所示可知，增加液固比雖然能使更多的水溶性氯鹽溶解，提升去除率，但高液固比 卻會產生大量廢水25排除(見於圖2)，提高廢水處理之負荷及成本。因此，液固比以15L/kg為較佳。又如圖4所示可知，攪拌時間達到2.5分鐘以上時，氯鹽去除率並無顯著提升，顯示氯鹽之溶出應在2.5分鐘左右已接***衡。 In particular, the liquid-solid ratio and the stirring time of the solid-liquid slurry 24 have an effect on the chloride salt. As shown in Fig. 3, it can be seen that increasing the liquid-solid ratio can dissolve more water-soluble chloride salts and improve the removal rate. , but high liquid to solid ratio However, a large amount of wastewater 25 is eliminated (see Figure 2), which increases the load and cost of wastewater treatment. Therefore, the liquid-solid ratio is preferably 15 L/kg. As shown in Fig. 4, when the stirring time reached 2.5 minutes or more, the chlorine salt removal rate did not significantly increase, indicating that the dissolution of the chlorine salt should be close to equilibrium in about 2.5 minutes.
接著，參閱圖1、2，在步驟12中，是利用一壓力泵31以20至140千帕(Pa)的壓力將固液礦漿24送入一濕式渦錐分級篩選機32(在圖3、4、5、6中簡稱FA)以分離有害重金屬。 Next, referring to Figures 1, 2, in step 12, the solid-liquid slurry 24 is fed to a wet vortex cone sorting machine 32 by a pressure pump 31 at a pressure of 20 to 140 kPa (Fig. 3). , 4, 5, 6 referred to as FA) to separate harmful heavy metals.
啟動該濕式渦錐分級篩選機32，可使固液礦漿24能在離心力及重力之作用下，依顆粒之粒度或密度差進行篩選，此時顆粒大與密度大的顆粒在離心力及重力的作用下，會沿軸向向下且沿徑向向外運動，由底流口(Underflow，簡稱UF)321排出，同時形成外漩渦(Outer spiral)之流場。而顆粒小及密度小的顆粒則向中心軸線運動，並在中心軸線形成一向上的內漩渦(Inner spiral)，而由溢流口(Overflow，簡稱OF)322排出並被收集，以達到粗細顆粒分離的效果，同時可洗去焚化飛灰21中高濃度的氯鹽，經實驗結果發現，氯鹽去除率可達94.17%，水洗飛灰之氯化物含量降低至7000mg/kg。因而可使氯鹽符合標準，也可達到粗粒徑焚化飛灰21無害化及資源化，並能降低細粒徑焚化飛灰21的處理成本，提升焚化飛灰21資源化再利用的適用性。 The wet vortex cone grading screening machine 32 is activated, so that the solid-liquid slurry 24 can be screened according to the particle size or density difference of the particles under the action of centrifugal force and gravity. At this time, the particles with large and dense particles are in centrifugal force and gravity. Under the action, it will move downwards in the axial direction and outward in the radial direction, and is discharged by the Underflow (UF) 321 to form a flow field of the Outer Spiral. Particles with small particles and low density move toward the central axis and form an upward inner spiral on the central axis, and are discharged by an overflow (OF) 322 to collect coarse particles. The separation effect can simultaneously wash away the high concentration of chloride salt in the incineration fly ash 21. The experimental results show that the chlorine salt removal rate can reach 94.17%, and the chloride content of the washed fly ash is reduced to 7000 mg/kg. Therefore, the chlorine salt can meet the standard, and the coarse particle size incineration fly ash 21 can be harmlessly and resource-resourced, and the treatment cost of the fine particle size incineration fly ash 21 can be reduced, and the applicability of the resource utilization and reuse of the incineration fly ash 21 can be improved. .
配合參閱圖5所示，經實驗發現，該濕式渦錐分級篩選機32之葉片轉速對於氯鹽去除之影響並不顯著， 於轉速500ppm的條件下可得到最高的氯鹽去除率，並使得固液礦漿24中的氯鹽濃度達到最低。另外，由圖6所示可知，超音波之輔助可有助於提升氯鹽去除率，且超音波功率增加，氯鹽去除率也會提高，二者呈正相關性。經實驗結果發現，在超音波之輔助下，固液礦漿24的液固比15L/kg下即可達到與液固比20L/kg且無超音波輔助水洗相近之氯鹽去除率，因此藉由超音波之輔助作用更能有助於降低需水量。 Referring to FIG. 5, it is found by experiments that the blade rotation speed of the wet vortex cone sorting machine 32 has no significant effect on the removal of chlorine salt. The highest chloride removal rate is obtained at a rotational speed of 500 ppm and the chloride concentration in the solid-liquid slurry 24 is minimized. In addition, as shown in Fig. 6, the auxiliary of the ultrasonic wave can contribute to the improvement of the chlorine salt removal rate, and the ultrasonic power is increased, and the chlorine salt removal rate is also increased, and the two are positively correlated. The experimental results show that with the aid of ultrasonic waves, the liquid-solid ratio of solid-liquid slurry 24 can reach the liquid-solid ratio of 20L/kg and the chlorine-free removal rate is similar to that of ultrasonic-assisted water washing. The auxiliary effect of ultrasound can help reduce water demand.
以下進一步以實驗例輔助說明本發明，但並不意謂本發明僅侷限於此等實例所揭示的內容。 The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but it is not intended that the invention be limited only by the examples.
實驗例1 Experimental example 1
配合參閱圖2，取10wt%焚化飛灰21，同時加100wt%水23，攪拌10分鐘水洗，洗後的固液礦漿24再以是否添加石英砂22進行比對如表3，經比較可知，大部分鹽類均溶於液體中，固體中只存在少許的鹽類，且添加有石英砂22之固液礦漿24，鹽類重量損失較多。 Referring to Figure 2, take 10wt% of incineration fly ash 21, add 100wt% water 23, and stir for 10 minutes to wash. The washed solid-liquid slurry 24 is compared with whether or not to add quartz sand 22, as shown in Table 3. Most of the salts are dissolved in the liquid, only a small amount of salts are present in the solid, and the solid-liquid slurry 24 of the quartz sand 22 is added, and the weight loss of the salt is more.
實驗例2 Experimental example 2
配合參閱圖2，將焚化飛灰21以有無添加石英 砂22並與水23混合後的固液礦漿24，分別藉由壓力泵31送入濕式渦錐分級篩選機32中，進流壓力以20、80及140Kpa三種不同壓力進行分選，顆粒大及密度大的顆粒沿著管壁向下向外移動，由底流口(UF)321流出，顆粒及密度小之顆粒向中心軸線運動，於中心軸線形成向上的內漩渦，由內漩渦帶往溢流口(OF)322排出。經篩選後之物化及溶出特性、元素組成分別如表4、表5、表6及表7所示。 Referring to Figure 2, the incineration fly ash 21 will be added with or without quartz. The solid-liquid slurry 24 mixed with the sand 22 and the water 23 is sent to the wet vortex cone grading screening machine 32 by the pressure pump 31, respectively, and the inlet pressure is sorted by three different pressures of 20, 80 and 140 kPa, and the particles are large. And the dense particles move downward and downward along the pipe wall, and flow out from the bottom flow port (UF) 321 , and the particles and the small density particles move toward the central axis, forming an upward inner vortex on the central axis, and the inner vortex is overflowing. The orifice (OF) 322 is discharged. The physicochemical and dissolution characteristics and elemental compositions after screening are shown in Table 4, Table 5, Table 6 and Table 7, respectively.
在上述表4中，N.D.是表示未測出。另外，鉛(Pb)之含量在溢流口(OF)322及底流口(UF)321均仍超過法規限值。 In the above Table 4, N.D. means that it was not detected. In addition, the content of lead (Pb) still exceeds the regulatory limit at both the overflow (OF) 322 and the bottom flow (UF) 321 .
在上述表5中，N.D.是表示未測出。另外，取樣點溢流口(OF)322所採樣品的鉛含量較取樣點底流口(UF)321所採樣品的鉛含量高，且取樣點溢流口(OF)322所採樣品的固體鉛含量較高，取樣點底流口(UF)321所採樣品的固體鉛含量較低。 In the above Table 5, N.D. means that it was not detected. In addition, the lead content of the sample at the sampling point overflow (OF) 322 is higher than the lead content of the sample at the bottom of the sampling point (UF) 321 , and the solid lead of the sample at the sampling point overflow (OF) 322 The content of the sample is higher, and the solid lead content of the sampled sample at the bottom of the sampling point (UF) 321 is lower.
在上述表6中，N.D.是表示未測出。另外，取樣點溢流口(OF)322所採樣品的鉛含量超過法規限值(5mg/l)，而取樣點底流口(UF)321所採樣品的鉛含量則符合法規限值。顯然添加石英砂22有助於將重金屬富集在溢流口(OF)322中。 In the above Table 6, N.D. means that it was not detected. In addition, the lead content of the sample at the sampling point overflow (OF) 322 exceeds the regulatory limit (5 mg/l), and the lead content of the sample at the bottom point (UF) 321 of the sampling point meets the regulatory limit. It is apparent that the addition of quartz sand 22 facilitates the enrichment of heavy metals in the overflow (OF) 322.
實驗例3 Experimental example 3
配合參閱圖2，重覆實驗例2，但只採用焚化飛灰21添加有石英砂22之固液礦漿24，以焚化飛灰21與石英砂22的混合比例為2：1及3：1分別進行濕式渦錐篩選，對於富集效率之影響，如表8及表9所示。 Referring to FIG. 2, the experimental example 2 is repeated, but only the solid-liquid slurry 24 of the quartz sand 22 is added by incineration fly ash 21, and the mixing ratio of the incineration fly ash 21 and the quartz sand 22 is 2:1 and 3:1 respectively. The effects of wet vortex cone screening on enrichment efficiency are shown in Tables 8 and 9.
在上述表8、9中，N.D.是表示未測出。另外，由表9所示可知，隨著進流壓力的增加，濕式渦錐篩選富 集重金屬的效率也隨著增加。在進料濃度重量百分比10wt%，進流壓力140Kpa，焚化飛灰21與石英砂22混合比例為2：1進行篩選時，富集效果最佳(見表8)，渦錐溢出口及底出口所採集的樣品中，Pb溶出濃度分別為12.35mg/l及2.44mg/l。焚化飛灰21與石英砂22混合比例為3：1之情況與混合比例為2：1之情況相較，前者之效果雖略低於後者之效果，但仍屬可接受範圍。若單純以降低石英砂22添加量及節省能源，降低濕式渦錐分級篩選機32磨損的考量，則是以可達溶出濃度標準的原則進行消除有害重金屬鉛(Pb)，以在焚化飛灰21中添加重量比為其1/3至1/2的石英砂22就可達成富集鉛(Pb)的效果。 In the above Tables 8 and 9, N.D. means that it was not detected. In addition, as shown in Table 9, as the inflow pressure increases, the wet vortex cone screen is rich. The efficiency of collecting heavy metals also increases. When the concentration of the feed concentration is 10wt%, the inflow pressure is 140Kpa, and the mixing ratio of the incineration fly ash 21 and the quartz sand 22 is 2:1, the enrichment effect is best (see Table 8), the vortex overflow port and the bottom outlet In the samples collected, the Pb dissolution concentrations were 12.35 mg/l and 2.44 mg/l, respectively. The case where the ratio of the incineration fly ash 21 to the quartz sand 22 is 3:1 is compared with the case where the mixing ratio is 2:1, although the effect of the former is slightly lower than that of the latter, it is still an acceptable range. If the amount of quartz sand 22 added is reduced and energy is saved, and the wear of the wet vortex grading screening machine 32 is reduced, the harmful heavy metal lead (Pb) is eliminated in accordance with the principle of reaching the dissolution concentration standard to incinerate fly ash. Lead (Pb) enrichment is achieved by adding quartz sand 22 in a weight ratio of 1/3 to 1/2.
綜上所述，本發明含有害重金屬焚化飛灰21的處理方法藉由上述步驟流程，藉由該濕式渦錐分級篩選機32在旋轉篩選的過程中離心力及重力的作用，搭配加入水23及超音波的振盪作用，而可依據顆粒之粒度或密度差將粗細顆粒進行分選，即粗顆粒下沉，細顆粒上浮，以有效分離有害重金屬，同時可洗去焚化飛灰21中的可溶性氯鹽，使得氯鹽符合標準，也可達到粗粒徑焚化飛灰21無害化及資源化，並能降低細粒徑焚化飛灰21的處理成本，提升焚化飛灰21資源化再利用的適用性，故確實能達成本發明之目的。 In summary, the method for treating heavy metal incineration fly ash 21 of the present invention is carried out by the above-mentioned step flow, and the action of centrifugal force and gravity during the rotary screening process by the wet vortex cone sorting machine 32 is added with water 23 And the oscillation of the ultrasonic wave, and the coarse and fine particles can be sorted according to the particle size or density difference of the particles, that is, the coarse particles sink, the fine particles float, to effectively separate the harmful heavy metals, and at the same time, the solubility in the incineration fly ash 21 can be washed away. The chlorine salt makes the chlorine salt meet the standard, and can also achieve the harmlessness and resource utilization of the coarse-grained incineration fly ash 21, and can reduce the treatment cost of the fine-grained incineration fly ash 21, and improve the application of the incineration fly ash 21 resource recycling. Sexuality, it is indeed possible to achieve the object of the present invention.
惟以上所述者，僅為本發明之實施例而已，當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍，即大凡依本發明申請專利範圍及專利說明書內容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾， 皆仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內。 However, the above is only the embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, that is, the simple equivalent change and modification of the patent application scope and patent specification content of the present invention, All remain within the scope of the invention patent.
21‧‧‧焚化飛灰 21‧‧‧Incineration fly ash
22‧‧‧石英砂 22‧‧‧Quartz sand
23‧‧‧水 23‧‧‧ water
24‧‧‧固液礦漿 24‧‧‧ solid liquid slurry
25‧‧‧廢水排除 25‧‧‧ Wastewater Removal
31‧‧‧壓力泵 31‧‧‧pressure pump
32‧‧‧濕式渦錐分級篩選機 32‧‧‧ Wet Vortex Cone Screening Machine
321‧‧‧底流口 321‧‧‧ bottom mouth
322‧‧‧溢流口 322‧‧‧ overflow
33‧‧‧超音波產生器 33‧‧‧ Ultrasonic generator
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