TWI550161B - Eddy current elimination structure - Google Patents
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Description
本發明係有關一種渦流消除結構，尤指一種在柱狀體之前端面設置三角錐，以消除馬蹄狀渦流者。 The invention relates to an eddy current elimination structure, in particular to a triangular cone disposed on an end surface of a columnar body to eliminate a horseshoe vortex.
當一柱狀體a立於一地面上，並沉浸於流動的流體之中時，柱狀體a與地面之交界處(junction)附近會產生馬蹄狀渦流(horseshoe vortex)b，其形狀係如第7圖所示。此馬蹄狀渦流b可能會有1、2或3個，其渦流個數係依流體流動之速度、流體之黏滯係數、迎向流體之柱狀體a最大寬度以及流體流動時，假設柱狀體a不存在該位置而在該位置之面邊界層之厚度而定。 When a columnar body a stands on a ground and is immersed in a flowing fluid, a horseshoe vortex b is generated near the junction of the columnar body a and the ground, and its shape is as follows. Figure 7 shows. The horseshoe vortex b may have 1, 2 or 3, and the number of eddy currents depends on the velocity of the fluid flow, the viscosity coefficient of the fluid, the maximum width of the columnar body a toward the fluid, and the fluid flow, assuming a columnar shape. The body a does not have this position and is dependent on the thickness of the boundary layer at that location.
這些馬蹄狀渦流b的形成原因係如第8、9圖所示，第8圖是使用雷射測速儀量測一支圓柱與一片平板交界處正中央垂直截面的速度場所得到的結果；第9圖是依據圖第8圖畫出的流動拓樸學示意圖。其中，因為柱狀體的存在，使得流體接近柱狀體時減速，同時壓力增大形成逆壓梯度，並在柱狀體的表面上形成一個停滯點。在停滯點下方的流體沿著柱狀體的表面往下流動，遇到地面時再朝上游方向逆流，這一股沿著地面逆向流動的流體與原來上方順向流動的流體形成一層介面，因順逆兩方向流動而造成的摩擦，在介面處形成1、2或3個渦旋，這些渦旋受到順向流動流體的帶動，便繞過圓柱兩側而形成如第7圖之馬蹄狀渦流。 The formation of these horseshoe vortex b is shown in Figs. 8 and 9. Figure 8 is the result obtained by measuring the velocity of the vertical section of the center of a junction between a cylinder and a flat plate using a laser speedometer; The figure is a schematic diagram of the flow topology according to the eighth drawing of the figure. Among them, because of the existence of the columnar body, the fluid is decelerated as it approaches the columnar body, and the pressure is increased to form a reverse pressure gradient, and a stagnation point is formed on the surface of the columnar body. The fluid below the stagnation point flows down the surface of the columnar body, and then flows backwards in the upstream direction when it encounters the ground. This fluid flowing backward along the ground forms an interface with the fluid flowing in the forward direction. The friction caused by the flow in the opposite direction forms 1, 2 or 3 vortices at the interface. These vortices are driven by the forward flowing fluid to bypass the sides of the cylinder to form a horseshoe vortex as shown in Fig. 7.
如果將流體流動的速度(U)、流體的黏滯係數(ν)、迎向流體之柱狀體最大寬度(D)組合成一個無因次的參數「雷諾數」(Reynolds number,Re)Re≡UD/ν。當「雷諾數」Re大約在100-6000之間，有機會形成渦流數目固定的穩定馬蹄狀渦流；而當Re>6000以上時，馬蹄狀渦流仍然會出現，但是渦流數目不穩定，會隨時間改變。 If the velocity of the fluid flow (U), the viscosity coefficient of the fluid (ν), and the maximum width of the column (D) that converge toward the fluid are combined into a dimensionless parameter Reynolds number (Re)Re ≡UD/ν. When the Reynolds number Re is between 100 and 6000, there is a chance to form a stable horseshoe vortex with a fixed number of vortices. When Re>6000 or more, the horseshoe vortex still appears, but the number of eddy currents is unstable and will change with time. change.
在實際工業應用上，例如：橋樑及熱交換器等，馬蹄型渦流會造成許多負面影響。其中，在橋樑的應用方面，因為馬蹄型渦流的生成，會使得地面剪應力增大，造成橋墩周圍的河床產生沖涮坑洞(scour)，沖涮坑洞將引致流場在坑洞周遭產生更大的下洗現象，隨著時間的衍化，坑洞的直徑變大，坑洞的深度加深，最終讓橋橔的基部無法有效定位，使得橋樑面臨斷裂的風險。而對於熱交換器而言，冷卻管及散熱片的交界處，也是屬於柱狀體與面交界處的流動問題，其馬蹄型渦流是造成冷卻管與散熱片交界處之熱傳性能降低的主要原因。因此，消除柱狀體與面交界處附近馬蹄型渦流的技術，在工業應用上是有需求的。 In practical industrial applications, such as bridges and heat exchangers, horseshoe eddy currents can cause many negative effects. Among them, in the application of bridges, because of the formation of horseshoe-shaped eddy currents, the ground shear stress will increase, causing a scour in the riverbed around the pier, and the crater will cause the flow field to be generated around the hole. The larger the phenomenon of under-washing, with the evolution of time, the diameter of the pothole becomes larger, and the depth of the pothole deepens, which ultimately makes the base of the bridge not effectively positioned, making the bridge face the risk of fracture. For the heat exchanger, the junction between the cooling pipe and the heat sink is also a flow problem at the junction of the column body and the surface, and the horseshoe-shaped eddy current is the main cause of the heat transfer performance at the junction between the cooling pipe and the heat sink. the reason. Therefore, the technique of eliminating the horseshoe-shaped eddy current near the junction of the columnar body and the surface is required in industrial applications.
而為了消除柱狀物與面交界處的馬蹄型渦流，過去有研究曾經提出改善的方法。如第10圖所示，係在以圓柱為基礎點的上游處使用一個吸氣裝置c，而如第11圖所示，係在以柱狀物為基礎點的上游處安裝一支控制圓桿d，此圓稈向柱狀物傾斜並且貼附在柱狀物上。上述吸氣裝置或傾斜控制圓桿的應用，主要是改善圓柱上游處之地面的流體邊界層條件，以抑制馬蹄型渦流的形成。惟，安裝吸氣裝置c之方式在有砂礫的河床上並不適用，且會耗用能源；而安裝傾斜控制圓桿d之方式則需要精準的將控制圓桿定位在馬蹄型渦流處，才能部份抑制馬蹄型渦流的形成，但由於馬蹄型 渦流的形成位置與流體流動的速度有關，所以在實際應用時，因流速不斷的改變，不容易精準定位。 In order to eliminate the horseshoe-shaped eddy current at the junction of the column and the surface, research has been proposed in the past. As shown in Fig. 10, a suction device c is used upstream of the column-based point, and as shown in Fig. 11, a control round bar is installed upstream of the column-based point. d, the round stalk is inclined to the column and attached to the column. The application of the above-mentioned suction device or the tilt control round rod mainly improves the fluid boundary layer condition of the ground at the upstream of the cylinder to suppress the formation of the horseshoe-shaped vortex. However, the method of installing the suction device c is not applicable on the gravel river bed, and it consumes energy; and the method of installing the tilt control rod d requires precise positioning of the control rod at the horseshoe-shaped vortex. Partially inhibits the formation of horseshoe vortex, but due to horseshoe type The formation position of the eddy current is related to the speed of the fluid flow, so in actual application, the flow rate is constantly changed, and it is not easy to accurately position.
有鑑於此，為了提供一種有別於習用技術之結構，並改善上述之缺點，發明人積多年的經驗及不斷的研發改進，遂有本發明之產生。 In view of the above, in order to provide a structure different from the conventional technology and to improve the above disadvantages, the inventors have accumulated many years of experience and continuous development and improvement, and the present invention has been produced.
本發明之一目的在提供一種渦流消除結構，藉由在一柱狀體之前端面設置三角錐的結構，俾能解決在柱狀體之前端面形成馬蹄型渦流之問題，而能讓流體順暢的流動，以延長橋樑之使用壽命，或提高熱交換器之類產品之熱傳效率。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an eddy current eliminating structure in which a triangular pyramid structure is provided on an end surface of a columnar body, and the problem of forming a horseshoe-shaped eddy current on the front end surface of the columnar body can be solved, and the fluid can be smoothly flowed. To extend the service life of the bridge or to improve the heat transfer efficiency of products such as heat exchangers.
為達上述之目的，本發明所設之一種渦流消除結構係連結一柱狀體，柱狀體之一端連接一板面，且柱狀體係供置放於流體之中。該柱狀體迎接流動流體之接觸面界定為柱狀體之前端面，而該渦流消除結構係呈三角錐形，包括一底面、一邊緣及由邊緣之兩側分別向下延伸之第一側面及第二側面，其中，底面緊臨板面，邊緣之後端、第一側面之後端及第二側面之後端分別連接柱狀體之前端面，邊緣、第一側面及第二側面分別以遠離柱狀體之前端面之方式向前延伸，並結合呈一尖端。 To achieve the above object, an eddy current eliminating structure according to the present invention is coupled to a columnar body, one end of which is connected to a plate surface, and the columnar system is placed in the fluid. The contact surface of the column body welcoming the flowing fluid is defined as a front end surface of the columnar body, and the eddy current eliminating structure has a triangular pyramid shape, and includes a bottom surface, an edge, and a first side surface extending downward from both sides of the edge and a second side, wherein the bottom surface is adjacent to the board surface, the rear end of the edge, the rear end of the first side surface and the rear end of the second side surface are respectively connected to the front end surface of the column body, and the edge, the first side surface and the second side surface are respectively away from the columnar body The front end face extends forward and combines to form a tip.
實施時，柱狀體面向流體流動方向之最大徑向寬度係為D，柱狀體前端與尖端之水平距離係為L，第一側面與第二側面之水平張角(expansion angle)係為α，邊緣之仰角(tilt angle)係為β，三角錐形之參數範圍係為L/D0.75，α 90°，β 60°。 In implementation, the maximum radial width of the columnar body facing the fluid flow direction is D, the horizontal distance between the front end of the columnar body and the tip end is L, and the horizontal expansion angle of the first side surface and the second side surface is α . The tilt angle of the edge is β , and the parameter range of the triangular cone is L/D. 0.75, α 90°, β 60°.
為進一步了解本發明，以下舉較佳之實施例，配合圖式、圖號，將本發明之具體構成內容及其所達成的功效詳細說明如下。 In order to further understand the present invention, the specific embodiments of the present invention and the effects achieved thereby are described in detail below with reference to the drawings and drawings.
1‧‧‧渦流消除結構 1‧‧‧ eddy current elimination structure
11‧‧‧底面 11‧‧‧ bottom
12‧‧‧邊緣 12‧‧‧ edge
13‧‧‧第一側面 13‧‧‧ first side
14‧‧‧第二側面 14‧‧‧ second side
15‧‧‧尖端 15‧‧‧ tip
2‧‧‧柱狀體 2‧‧‧ columnar body
21‧‧‧前端面 21‧‧‧ front end
211‧‧‧左弧形面 211‧‧‧left curved surface
212‧‧‧右弧形面 212‧‧‧Right curved surface
22‧‧‧前端 22‧‧‧ front end
9‧‧‧板面 9‧‧‧ board
D‧‧‧柱狀體面向水流流動方向之最大徑向寬度 D‧‧‧Maximum radial width of the columnar body facing the direction of flow of water
L‧‧‧柱狀體之前端與尖端之水平距離 L‧‧‧Horizontal distance between the front end and the tip of the columnar body
α‧‧‧第一側面與第二側面之水平張角 α ‧‧‧ horizontal opening angle of the first side and the second side
β‧‧‧邊緣之仰角 β ‧‧‧The elevation angle of the edge
a‧‧‧柱狀體 A‧‧‧ columnar body
b‧‧‧馬蹄狀渦流 B‧‧‧ Horseshoe eddy
c‧‧‧吸氣裝置 C‧‧‧ suction device
d‧‧‧控制圓桿 d‧‧‧Control round rod
第1圖係為本發明之較佳實施例連結一柱狀體之立體外觀示意圖。 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a perspective view showing the appearance of a columnar body in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
第2圖係為第1圖之俯視圖。 Fig. 2 is a plan view of Fig. 1.
第3圖係為第1圖之側視圖。 Figure 3 is a side view of Figure 1.
第4、5圖係為本發明之較佳實施例之使用狀態圖。 4 and 5 are diagrams showing the state of use of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
第6圖係為係為本發明之較佳實施例安裝於熱交換器上之側視圖。 Figure 6 is a side elevational view of a preferred embodiment of the invention mounted to a heat exchanger.
第7圖係為習用流體流過柱狀體與壁面交界處時，產生馬蹄狀渦流之示意圖。 Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing a horseshoe-shaped vortex when a conventional fluid flows through a boundary between a columnar body and a wall surface.
第8圖係為使用雷射測速儀量測習用流體流過柱狀體與壁面交界處時，正中央垂直截面的速度場示意圖。 Figure 8 is a schematic diagram showing the velocity field in the center of the vertical section when the conventional fluid is used to measure the flow of the conventional fluid through the boundary between the column and the wall surface.
第9圖係為依據圖第8圖所繪製之流動拓樸學示意圖。 Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the flow topology drawn according to Figure 8 of the Figure.
第10圖係為習用在圓柱之上游處安裝一吸氣裝置之立體外觀示意圖。 Figure 10 is a perspective view of a stereoscopic appearance of a suction device installed upstream of a cylinder.
第11圖係為習用在柱狀物之上游處安裝一控制圓桿之立體外觀示意圖。 Figure 11 is a perspective view of a stereoscopic appearance of a control round rod installed upstream of the column.
本發明渦流消除結構係連結一柱狀體，柱狀體之一端連接一板面，且柱狀體係供置放於流體之中。該渦流消除結構包括一底面、一邊緣及由邊緣之兩側分別向下延伸之第一側面及第二側面。其中，底面緊臨板面，邊緣之後端、第一側面之後端及第二側面之後端分別連接柱狀體之前端面，邊緣、第一側面及第二側面分別以遠離柱狀體之前端面之方式向前延伸，並結合呈一尖端。 The eddy current eliminating structure of the present invention is connected to a columnar body, one end of the columnar body is connected to a plate surface, and the columnar system is placed in the fluid. The eddy current elimination structure includes a bottom surface, an edge, and a first side and a second side extending downward from the two sides of the edge, respectively. Wherein, the bottom surface is close to the board surface, the rear end of the edge, the rear end of the first side surface and the rear end of the second side surface are respectively connected to the front end surface of the columnar body, and the edge, the first side surface and the second side surface are respectively away from the front end surface of the columnar body Extend forward and combine to form a tip.
請參閱第1~3圖所示，其為本發明渦流消除結構1之較佳實施例，其中，該柱狀體2係為截面呈圓形之橋橔，該橋橔之截面亦可為其他幾何形狀，而該板面9係為河床，橋橔之基部連接於河床之上方。當橋橔之基部置放於水流之中，且水流由上游往下游方向流動時，橋橔迎接水流之接觸面界定為該柱狀體2之前端面21，該前端面21之中心界定有一呈直立線狀之前端22，並經由該前端22將前端面21分隔為一左弧形面211及一右弧形面212。 Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3, which are preferred embodiments of the eddy current eliminating structure 1 of the present invention, the columnar body 2 is a bridge having a circular cross section, and the cross section of the bridge may be other The geometry is the same as the riverbed, and the base of the bridge is connected above the riverbed. When the base of the bridge is placed in the water flow, and the water flow flows from the upstream to the downstream direction, the contact surface of the bridge to meet the water flow is defined as the front end surface 21 of the columnar body 2, and the center of the front end surface 21 is defined as an upright The front end 22 is linearly shaped, and the front end surface 21 is separated into a left curved surface 211 and a right curved surface 212 via the front end 22.
該渦流消除結構1係為內部中空之三角錐形，實施時，該三角錐形亦可具有實心之內部。該渦流消除結構1包括一底面11、一邊緣12及由邊緣12之兩側分別向下延伸之一第一側面13及一第二側面14，其中，底面11、第一側面13及第二側面14分別呈概略之三角形狀。底面11與橋橔之基部位於同一水平面上，且同時緊臨河床；邊緣12之後端、第一側面13之後端及第二側面14之後端分別連接柱狀體2之前端面21，邊緣12、第一側面13及第二側面14分別以遠離柱狀體2之前端面21之方式向前延伸，並結合呈一尖端15。 The eddy current eliminating structure 1 is a hollow triangular pyramid inside. When implemented, the triangular pyramid may also have a solid interior. The eddy current eliminating structure 1 includes a bottom surface 11 , an edge 12 , and a first side 13 and a second side 14 extending downward from opposite sides of the edge 12 , wherein the bottom surface 11 , the first side surface 13 and the second side surface 14 are in a rough triangular shape. The bottom surface 11 is located on the same horizontal surface as the base of the bridge, and at the same time is close to the riverbed; the rear end of the edge 12, the rear end of the first side 13 and the rear end of the second side 14 are respectively connected to the front end face 21 of the columnar body 2, the edge 12, the first A side surface 13 and a second side surface 14 extend forwardly away from the front end surface 21 of the columnar body 2, respectively, and are combined to form a tip end 15.
基於上述之三角錐形結構，柱狀體2面向水流流動方向之最大徑向寬度係界定為D，柱狀體2之前端22與尖端15之水平距離係界定為L，第一側面13與第二側面14之水平張角(expansion angle)係界定為α，邊緣12之仰角(tilt angle)係界定為β，而該三角錐形之參數範圍係為L/D0.75，α 90°，β 60°。在上述參數範圍內，當該尖端15迎向流動之水流時，即能有效消除形成在柱狀體2周緣之馬蹄狀渦流。 Based on the triangular pyramid structure described above, the maximum radial width of the columnar body 2 facing the flow direction of the water flow is defined as D, and the horizontal distance between the front end 22 of the columnar body 2 and the tip end 15 is defined as L, the first side 13 and the first The horizontal expansion angle of the two sides 14 is defined as α , the tilt angle of the edge 12 is defined as β , and the parameter range of the triangular cone is L/D. 0.75, α 90°, β 60°. Within the above parameters, when the tip end 15 greets the flowing water flow, the horseshoe vortex formed on the circumference of the columnar body 2 can be effectively eliminated.
根據以上之參數條件以設計一個三角錐，其中，該三角錐的 水平距離L係為柱狀體2直徑D的1.0倍，水平張角α及垂直仰角β皆為15°，雷諾數係為3000，並使用流場可視化技術以顯現在中央垂直面及靠近柱狀體2周緣壁面的水流型態。由第4圖及第5圖之實驗結果顯示，在安裝三角錐之後，當水流經過圓柱狀體2與板面9交界處時，水流接近三角錐以及柱狀體2時均是順暢的流動，不再出現馬蹄型渦流。而由實驗的結果顯示，依據本發明之渦流消除結構1，在設定之參數範圍內，且雷諾數Re>100以上者，三角錐技術均能有效消除馬蹄型渦流。 Design a triangular cone according to the above parameter conditions, wherein the triangular cone The horizontal distance L is 1.0 times the diameter D of the columnar body 2, the horizontal opening angle α and the vertical elevation angle β are both 15°, and the Reynolds number is 3000, and the flow field visualization technique is used to appear in the central vertical plane and close to the columnar body. 2 water flow pattern on the peripheral wall. The experimental results of Figs. 4 and 5 show that after the installation of the triangular pyramid, when the water flows through the junction of the cylindrical body 2 and the plate surface 9, the water flow is close to the triangular cone and the columnar body 2, and the flow is smooth. There is no longer a horseshoe vortex. As a result of the experiment, according to the eddy current eliminating structure 1 of the present invention, the triangular cone technique can effectively eliminate the horseshoe-shaped eddy current within the set parameter range and the Reynolds number Re > 100 or more.
實施時，本發明渦流消除結構1亦可如第6圖所示，應用在熱交換器8之類的散熱結構中，其中，該柱狀體2係為截面呈圓形或其他幾何形狀之冷卻管，該板面9係為散熱片，而冷卻管係在穿過散熱片之後，與散熱片形成連結。當氣流通過冷卻管及散熱片時，同樣可經由本發明渦流消除結構1以消除形成在冷卻管周緣之馬蹄狀渦流。 When implemented, the eddy current eliminating structure 1 of the present invention can also be applied to a heat dissipating structure such as the heat exchanger 8 as shown in FIG. 6, wherein the columnar body 2 is cooled in a circular cross section or other geometric shape. The tube 9 is a heat sink, and the cooling tube is connected to the heat sink after passing through the heat sink. When the airflow passes through the cooling tubes and the fins, the vortex-eliminating structure 1 can also be eliminated via the vortex of the present invention to eliminate horseshoe eddies formed at the periphery of the cooling tubes.
因此，本發明具有以下之優點： Therefore, the present invention has the following advantages:
1、本發明係在一柱狀體之前端面設置一個三角錐，並將三角錐之各個尺寸參數設定在一定之範圍內，因此，能讓流體順暢的流動，以避免在柱狀體之前端面形成馬蹄型渦流，從而延長橋樑之使用壽命，或提高熱交換器之類產品之熱傳效率。 1. The present invention is characterized in that a triangular pyramid is arranged on the front end surface of a columnar body, and each size parameter of the triangular cone is set within a certain range, so that the fluid can be smoothly flowed to avoid formation of the front end surface of the columnar body. Horseshoe-shaped eddy currents that extend the life of the bridge or increase the heat transfer efficiency of products such as heat exchangers.
2、本發明之主要技術係在於能讓流體順暢的流動，以避免在柱狀體之前端面形成馬蹄型渦流，因此，祇要在一柱狀體之一端連接一板面，且柱狀體置放於流體之中之環境下皆可使用，其使用範圍相當廣泛。 2. The main technique of the present invention is to allow a fluid to flow smoothly to avoid formation of a horseshoe-shaped vortex on the front end surface of the columnar body. Therefore, as long as one plate end is connected to one end of the columnar body, the columnar body is placed. It can be used in the environment of fluids, and its use range is quite wide.
綜上所述，依上文所揭示之內容，本發明確可達到預期之目的，提供一種能讓流體順暢的流動，以避免馬蹄型渦流形成之渦流消除結 構，極具產業上利用之價值，爰依法提出發明專利申請。 In summary, according to the above disclosure, the present invention can achieve the intended purpose, and provide a vortex elimination knot which can smoothly flow the fluid to avoid the formation of the horseshoe vortex. Structure, the value of industrial use is very high, and the invention patent application is filed according to law.
1‧‧‧渦流消除結構 1‧‧‧ eddy current elimination structure
12‧‧‧邊緣 12‧‧‧ edge
13‧‧‧第一側面 13‧‧‧ first side
14‧‧‧第二側面 14‧‧‧ second side
15‧‧‧尖端 15‧‧‧ tip
2‧‧‧柱狀體 2‧‧‧ columnar body
21‧‧‧前端面 21‧‧‧ front end
211‧‧‧左弧形面 211‧‧‧left curved surface
212‧‧‧右弧形面 212‧‧‧Right curved surface
22‧‧‧前端 22‧‧‧ front end
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| TWM308287U (en) * | 2006-09-13 | 2007-03-21 | Wen-Jeng Li | Improved structure of pier |
| TWM353217U (en) * | 2008-10-09 | 2009-03-21 | Tong Hsing Integrated And Dev Co Ltd | Pier structure of bridge |
| CN202031016U (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2011-11-09 | 任增成 | Bridge pier of bridge |
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| TWM308287U (en) * | 2006-09-13 | 2007-03-21 | Wen-Jeng Li | Improved structure of pier |
| TWM353217U (en) * | 2008-10-09 | 2009-03-21 | Tong Hsing Integrated And Dev Co Ltd | Pier structure of bridge |
| CN202031016U (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2011-11-09 | 任增成 | Bridge pier of bridge |
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| CN106482565A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-03-08 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of heat exchanger tube and the shell-and-tube exchanger using the heat exchanger tube |
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