TWI547396B - Electric vehicle with leakage detection system and its leakage detection method - Google Patents

Electric vehicle with leakage detection system and its leakage detection method Download PDF

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TWI547396B
TWI547396B TW103144399A TW103144399A TWI547396B TW I547396 B TWI547396 B TW I547396B TW 103144399 A TW103144399 A TW 103144399A TW 103144399 A TW103144399 A TW 103144399A TW I547396 B TWI547396 B TW I547396B
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high voltage
electric vehicle
voltage
battery
leakage
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TW201623043A (en
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zhi-ming Qiu
Guang-Xun Yang
Zhi-Ming Zhang
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Metal Ind Res & Dev Ct
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

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Description

具有漏電偵測系統之電動車及其漏電偵測的方法Electric vehicle with leakage detecting system and method for detecting leakage thereof

本發明係有關於一種具有漏電偵測系統之電動車及其漏電偵測的方法，特別是有關於一種具有能在車輛啟動前一瞬間，即時地量測車輛的高電壓系統建立前的高電壓系統對低電準位之阻抗絕緣性並判斷是否漏電，亦於駕駛過程中即時量測高電壓系統對低電壓系統之電壓差並判斷是否漏電之系統及方法。The invention relates to an electric vehicle with a leakage detecting system and a method for detecting the leakage thereof, in particular to a high voltage which can measure the high voltage system of the vehicle immediately before the vehicle starts. The system insulates the impedance of the low electric level and judges whether there is electric leakage. It also measures the voltage difference between the high voltage system and the low voltage system and judges whether there is leakage.

傳統漏電系統偵測主要可分為兩大類：1.無源接地偵測及2.有源接地偵測。其中無源接地偵測又可分為接觸式偵測- 電阻切換量測技術及非接觸式量測技術- 電磁感應量測技術；有源接地量測技術又可分為接觸式偵測及非接觸式偵測；接觸式偵測又進一步分為直流電壓輸入量測技術及交流電壓輸入量測技術。Traditional leakage system detection can be divided into two main categories: 1. Passive ground detection and 2. Active ground detection. Passive grounding detection can be divided into contact detection-resistance switching measurement technology and non-contact measurement technology-electromagnetic induction measurement technology; active ground measurement technology can be divided into contact detection and non- Contact detection; contact detection is further divided into DC voltage input measurement technology and AC voltage input measurement technology.

有源接地偵測主要為仰賴量測元件產生一電源並導入待測目標使其產生壓差而量測出該系統之絕緣阻抗大小，而傳統高電壓系統之絕緣阻抗量測主要為注入交流測試訊號，使其產生感應磁場來檢測漏電流。此舉由於直接透過輸入電壓使其產生壓差變化量測出阻抗之大小之方式亦會造成元件良好絕緣阻抗下降，導致其安全性有所疑慮，雖然仍符合法定標準，但原無架設該量測元件之絕緣阻抗反而優於所架設絕緣阻抗量測後之阻抗，似乎不大妥當。The active grounding detection mainly measures the insulation resistance of the system by generating a power source according to the measuring component and introducing the target to be measured to generate a voltage difference, and the insulation resistance measurement of the conventional high voltage system is mainly for the injection AC test. The signal causes it to generate an induced magnetic field to detect leakage current. This method, because the magnitude of the impedance difference is directly measured by the input voltage, causes the component to have a good insulation resistance, which leads to doubts about its safety. Although it still meets the legal standards, it has not been installed. The insulation resistance of the measuring component is better than the impedance of the measured insulation impedance measurement, which seems to be not appropriate.

電動車直流系統主要分為高電壓系統與低電壓系統，其中低電壓系統其低電準位(接地)一般採車體金屬做為低電壓系統共同準位，而高電壓系統一般為自構成一單一迴路。因此由上述可知高電壓系統與低電壓系統為各自形成一單一迴路互不相交集。為提高電動車之行駛效率並降低電流所造成的損失，電動車系統大多採用高電壓系統＞DC 330V進行設計，但車輛隨著行駛里程與環境變數所造成的絕緣材料的老化使得絕緣阻抗下降以導致駕駛者處於漏電的環境中格外危險，因此若能將漏電情形即時偵測，並即時通知駕駛者將可大幅保障駕駛者行駛過程中之安全性。目前國內外電動車電氣安全防護之法規，如國際標準化組識（ISO）、國際電工委員會（IEC）、歐洲經濟委員會（ECE）、美國聯邦機動車輛安全標準（FMVSS）等，針對絕緣阻抗（Isolation resistance）大多定義在每1伏特應至少為100Ω電阻值～500Ω電阻值，即為100Ω/V~500Ω/V的範圍。The electric vehicle DC system is mainly divided into a high voltage system and a low voltage system. The low voltage system has a low electric level (grounding), generally adopting a vehicle body metal as a common level of a low voltage system, and a high voltage system is generally a self-constructed one. Single loop. Therefore, it can be seen from the above that the high voltage system and the low voltage system each form a single loop mutually disjoint set. In order to improve the driving efficiency of electric vehicles and reduce the losses caused by electric current, most of the electric vehicle systems are designed with high voltage system >DC 330V, but the insulation resistance of the vehicle is deteriorated due to the aging of the insulation material caused by the mileage and environmental variables. It is particularly dangerous for the driver to be in a leaky environment. Therefore, if the leakage situation can be detected immediately, and the driver can be notified immediately, the safety of the driver during driving can be greatly guaranteed. At present, domestic and foreign electric vehicle electrical safety protection regulations, such as International Standardization Group (ISO), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), European Economic Commission (ECE), US Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS), etc., for insulation resistance (Isolation) The resistance is mostly defined as a resistance value of at least 100 Ω to 500 Ω per 1 volt, that is, a range of 100 Ω/V to 500 Ω/V.

中國專利 CN 101975907 B公告號揭露一種電動車高壓線路漏電檢測裝置，該診斷裝置10包括電阻A 11、電阻B 12、電阻C 13、電阻D 14、開關A 15、開關B 16、感應帶17和診斷電路18，所述的診斷電路18包括診斷信號發生電路181、診斷信號接收電路182和監測單元183。通過將感應帶17纏繞在高壓線路上，定量檢測出高壓線路的正極或負極的漏電情況以及高壓線路的短路情況，並且在檢測漏電過程中，可以通過CAN線向電動車的控制系統或顯示系統發出漏電信息，以達到提示或警告的作用。該專利技術主要透過量測元件藉由外部電壓與基準電壓壓差進行比對，以確認是否有漏電之行為，該系統量測方式需施加交流訊號於測定電進行量測，因此僅適用於維修時(保養時)進行漏電量測之用。無法進行即時量測之主要需求。因此於駕駛過程中產生漏電之狀態將無法判別與確認。Chinese Patent No. CN 101975907 B discloses a high-voltage line leakage detecting device for an electric vehicle, which includes a resistor A 11 , a resistor B 12 , a resistor C 13 , a resistor D 14 , a switch A 15 , a switch B 16 , an induction belt 17 , and The diagnostic circuit 18 includes a diagnostic signal generating circuit 181, a diagnostic signal receiving circuit 182, and a monitoring unit 183. By winding the induction belt 17 on the high voltage line, the leakage current of the positive pole or the negative pole of the high voltage line and the short circuit condition of the high voltage line are quantitatively detected, and in the process of detecting the leakage current, it can be sent to the control system or display system of the electric vehicle through the CAN line. Leakage information to achieve a prompt or warning. The patented technology mainly compares the external voltage with the reference voltage difference through the measuring component to confirm whether there is leakage behavior. The system measurement method needs to apply an alternating signal to the measuring power for measurement, so it is only suitable for maintenance. At the time of maintenance (during maintenance), the leakage current is measured. The main need for instant measurement is not possible. Therefore, the state of leakage during driving will not be judged and confirmed.

本發明的目的在於設計一種具有即時量測車輛的動力電源啟動前的高電壓系統對低電準位端之絕緣阻抗（Isolation resistance）是否異常，以及車輛電力啟動並建立高電壓系統之後的高電壓系統與低電壓的壓差是否異常的偵測系統的電動車。本發明的再一目的並提供應用前述電動車偵測系統偵測漏電的方法。The object of the present invention is to design whether an insulation voltage (Isolation resistance) of a low voltage level before starting a power source with an instant measurement vehicle is abnormal, and a high voltage after the vehicle power is started and a high voltage system is established. Whether the system and the low voltage differential voltage are abnormal in the detection system of the electric vehicle. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method of detecting leakage by applying the aforementioned electric vehicle detection system.

為達成上述系統的目地，本發明的技術手段在於提供一種具有漏電偵測系統的電動車，包含：低電壓系統、高電壓系統、直流對直流轉換器、電池管理模組以及整車控制單元。低電壓系統包含低電壓電池及與該低電壓電池電性相連接的電動車附件系統，該低電壓電池的輸出端負極與該電動車的車體金屬搭接作為低電準位；高電壓系統包含依序電連接的高電壓電池、高電壓繼電器及動力系統；直流對直流轉換器電連接於該低電壓電池與該高電壓電池之間，用以提供不同電壓之間的電能傳輸；電池管理模組電性連接該高電壓電池及該低電壓電池，用以提供該些電池資訊給整車控制單元，並受其控制而串接或斷開該高電壓系統，其包含有絕緣阻抗量測系統以及電壓量測系統，絕緣阻抗量測系統可斷開地電連接於與該高壓繼電器輸出端正、負極電性連接，電壓量測系統可斷開地電連接於該高電壓電池輸出端正極及其輸出端負極；整車控制單元係與電池管理模組電連接並對其進行通訊與管控。In order to achieve the above system, the technical means of the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle having a leakage detecting system, comprising: a low voltage system, a high voltage system, a DC to DC converter, a battery management module, and a vehicle control unit. The low voltage system comprises a low voltage battery and an electric vehicle accessory system electrically connected to the low voltage battery, wherein a negative pole of the output end of the low voltage battery is overlapped with a metal body of the electric vehicle as a low electric level; the high voltage system The utility model comprises a high voltage battery, a high voltage relay and a power system which are electrically connected in sequence; a DC to DC converter is electrically connected between the low voltage battery and the high voltage battery to provide power transmission between different voltages; battery management The module is electrically connected to the high voltage battery and the low voltage battery for providing the battery information to the vehicle control unit, and is controlled by the serial connection or disconnection of the high voltage system, and the insulation resistance measurement is included The system and the voltage measuring system, the insulation resistance measuring system can be electrically disconnected and electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the high voltage relay output end, and the voltage measuring system can be disconnected and electrically connected to the positive electrode of the high voltage battery output terminal and The output terminal is negative; the vehicle control unit is electrically connected to the battery management module and communicates and controls it.

為達成上述方法的目地，本發明的技術手段在於提供一種電動車漏電偵測的方法，其步驟包含：提供前述包含該漏電偵測系統的電動車，並進行初始化；於該電動車之高電壓系統建立前，應用該絕緣阻抗量測系統即時量測該高電壓系統電連接之該高電壓繼電器輸出端對該低電壓系統之該低電準位端之絕緣阻抗；當該絕緣阻抗小於一設置的阻抗標準值時，判定為啟動前漏電現象並停止進行該高電壓系統的建立，否則斷開該絕緣阻抗量測系統與該高電壓繼電器的連線並進行高電壓系統的建立；高電壓系統建立後，隨即導入電壓量測系統以即時量測該高電壓系統對該低電壓系統的壓差；當該壓差不符合一預設的壓差安全值時，判定出現行駛中漏電現象並產生一漏電訊號。In order to achieve the above method, the technical means of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting leakage of an electric vehicle, the method comprising: providing the electric vehicle including the leakage detecting system, and performing initialization; and the high voltage of the electric vehicle Before the system is established, the insulation resistance measuring system is used to instantly measure the insulation resistance of the low voltage system output end of the high voltage system electrically connected to the low voltage system; when the insulation resistance is less than a setting When the impedance standard value is determined, it is determined as the leakage phenomenon before starting and the establishment of the high voltage system is stopped, otherwise the connection of the insulation resistance measuring system and the high voltage relay is disconnected and the establishment of the high voltage system is performed; the high voltage system is established. After the establishment, the voltage measurement system is immediately introduced to instantly measure the pressure difference of the high voltage system to the low voltage system; when the pressure difference does not meet a preset differential pressure safety value, it is determined that a running leakage phenomenon occurs and generates A leakage signal.

在一實施例中，當出現啟動前漏電現象或行駛中漏電現象時，更包含以一人機介面發出異常警告。In an embodiment, when a leakage phenomenon before start-up or a leakage phenomenon during running occurs, an abnormal warning is issued by a human-machine interface.

本發明的特點在於：本發明應用即時量測絕緣阻抗系統，在高電壓建立前一極短時間內，即時監控低電壓系統（低電準位）與高電壓系統的絕緣阻抗之大小，並判斷有漏電情形之絕緣阻抗異常時，產生漏電訊號，以降低車輛電源啟動前因漏電所造成的觸電危機。再者，本發明可有效地克服傳統接觸式量測方式造成絕緣組抗下降所產生的疑慮，並克服非接觸式量測方式所造成的雜訊干擾等問題。此外，本發明亦可在車輛啟動後，即時監測電動車行駛過程中高電壓系統對低電壓系統的壓差，藉以判斷是否有漏電之虞。另，本發明在車輛行駛時發生水災或將車輛駛於積水路段時，則可應用即電壓量測系統取得高電壓系統對低電壓系統的壓差異常訊號並進一步斷開串接之高電壓系統，使車輛降為低電壓系統迴路，確保人員安全。The invention is characterized in that: the invention applies an instant measurement insulation resistance system, and instantly monitors the insulation resistance of the low voltage system (low electric level) and the high voltage system in a short time before the high voltage is established, and judges When there is an abnormal insulation resistance in the case of leakage, a leakage signal is generated to reduce the electric shock caused by leakage before the vehicle power is turned on. Furthermore, the present invention can effectively overcome the doubts caused by the resistance of the insulation group caused by the traditional contact measurement method, and overcome the problem of noise interference caused by the non-contact measurement method. In addition, the invention can also monitor the pressure difference of the high voltage system to the low voltage system during the driving of the electric vehicle immediately after the vehicle is started, thereby judging whether there is any leakage. In addition, the present invention can apply a voltage measurement system to obtain a differential pressure signal of a high voltage system to a low voltage system and further disconnect the high voltage system when the vehicle is flooded or when the vehicle is driven to the water storage section. To reduce the vehicle to a low voltage system loop to ensure personnel safety.

茲配合圖式將本發明實施例詳細說明如下，其所附圖式均為簡化之示意圖，僅以示意方式說明本發明之基本結構，因此在該等圖式中僅標示與本發明有關之元件，且所顯示之元件並非以實施時之數目、形狀、尺寸比例等加以繪製，其實際實施時之規格尺寸實為一種選擇性之設計，且其元件佈局形態有可能更為複雜。The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which FIG. The components shown are not drawn in the number, shape, size ratio, etc. at the time of implementation, and the actual size of the implementation is a selective design, and the component layout form may be more complicated.

請先參見圖2～圖5所示。本實施例之電動車20的漏電偵測系統30之架構包含：低電壓系統31、高電壓系統32、直流對直流轉換器33、電池管理模組34以及整車控制單元35。低電壓系統31包含了一低電壓電池311（一般的主流應用的電壓為12V，也可以是24V、36V、48V或60V等，但不以上述列出的這些電壓為限。）及與該低電壓電池311相互電連接的電動車附件系統312，電動車附件系統312一般為電動驅動的空調系統3121、剎車系統（圖中未示出）等，該低電壓電池311的輸出端負極3111與該電動車20車體21金屬搭接（接地），作為低電準位3112。高電壓系統32，係包含一高電壓電池321、一電連接該高電壓電池321的高電壓繼電器322，以及一透過該高電壓繼電器322而與該高電壓電池321電連接的動力系統323，該高電壓電池321輸出端正極3211係電連接於該高電壓繼電器322輸入端正極3221，該高電壓電池321輸出端負極3212係電連接於該高電壓繼電器322輸入端負極3222，動力系統323一般包含有馬達驅動單元3231、受該馬達驅動單元3231帶動的馬達系統3232與引擎發電機3233。直流對直流轉換器33，係電連接於該低電壓電池311輸出端與該高電壓繼電器322輸出端之間，用以提供高電壓系統32與低電壓系統31之不同電壓之間的電能傳輸。電池管理模組34，電連接該高電壓電池321及該低電壓電池311，用以提供包含該高電壓電池321及該低電壓電池311的電池資訊（給後述的整車控制單元35作為決策之用），並接受由後述的整車控制單元35發出的一控制信號，應用高電壓繼電器322建立或斷開該高電壓系統32的高電壓迴路（如圖4、圖5所示），該電池管理模組34包含絕緣阻抗量測系統341以及電壓量測系統342。絕緣阻抗量測系統341係透過一受控開關3411（例如繼電器開關）電連接於該高電壓繼電器322輸出端正極3223、該高電壓繼電器322輸出端負極3224與該低電壓系統31的該低電準位3112，用以量測該些接點的絕緣阻抗；電壓量測系統342，係透過一受控開關3411（例如繼電器開關）電連接於該高電壓電池321輸出端正極3211、該高電壓電池321輸出端負極3212與該低電準位3112；整車控制單元35，係以控制器區域網路（CANbus）與該電池管理模組34電連接並進行通訊與管控（如圖4、圖5所示）。Please refer to Figure 2 to Figure 5 first. The structure of the leakage detecting system 30 of the electric vehicle 20 of the present embodiment includes a low voltage system 31, a high voltage system 32, a DC to DC converter 33, a battery management module 34, and a vehicle control unit 35. The low voltage system 31 includes a low voltage battery 311 (the voltage of a general mainstream application is 12V, or 24V, 36V, 48V or 60V, etc., but not limited by the voltages listed above) and low. The electric vehicle accessory system 312 is electrically connected to the voltage battery 311. The electric vehicle accessory system 312 is generally an electrically driven air conditioning system 3121, a braking system (not shown), etc., and the output terminal negative electrode 3111 of the low voltage battery 311 is The electric vehicle 20 body 21 is metal-bonded (grounded) as a low electric level 3112. The high voltage system 32 includes a high voltage battery 321, a high voltage relay 322 electrically connected to the high voltage battery 321, and a power system 323 electrically connected to the high voltage battery 321 through the high voltage relay 322. The positive electrode 3211 of the high voltage battery 321 is electrically connected to the positive terminal 3221 of the high voltage relay 322. The negative electrode 3212 of the high voltage battery 321 is electrically connected to the negative terminal 3222 of the input of the high voltage relay 322. The power system 323 generally includes There is a motor drive unit 3231, a motor system 3232 driven by the motor drive unit 3231, and an engine generator 3233. A DC-to-DC converter 33 is electrically coupled between the output of the low voltage battery 311 and the output of the high voltage relay 322 for providing power transfer between the different voltages of the high voltage system 32 and the low voltage system 31. The battery management module 34 electrically connects the high voltage battery 321 and the low voltage battery 311 for providing battery information including the high voltage battery 321 and the low voltage battery 311 (to the vehicle control unit 35 to be described later as a decision And receiving a control signal from a vehicle control unit 35, which will be described later, applying a high voltage relay 322 to establish or disconnect a high voltage circuit of the high voltage system 32 (as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5). The management module 34 includes an insulation resistance measurement system 341 and a voltage measurement system 342. The insulation resistance measuring system 341 is electrically connected to the positive terminal 3223 of the high voltage relay 322 output terminal, the negative electrode 3224 of the high voltage relay 322 output terminal and the low voltage of the low voltage system 31 through a controlled switch 3411 (for example, a relay switch). The level 3112 is used to measure the insulation resistance of the contacts; the voltage measurement system 342 is electrically connected to the positive terminal 3211 of the high voltage battery 321 through a controlled switch 3411 (for example, a relay switch). The battery 321 output terminal negative electrode 3212 and the low power level 3112; the vehicle control unit 35 is electrically connected to the battery management module 34 by the controller area network (CANbus) and performs communication and control (see FIG. 4 and FIG. 5)).

具體而言，該絕緣阻抗量測系統341係以一阻抗轉類比電壓裝置（未圖示）電連接於該低電準位3112，以量測絕緣阻抗並轉換為類比電壓輸出。再以一類比電壓輸出裝置轉換為控制器區域網路通訊協議裝置（未圖示），並將其資訊提供給整車控制單元35提供警示使用者之用。Specifically, the insulation resistance measuring system 341 is electrically connected to the low level 3112 by an impedance to analog voltage device (not shown) to measure the insulation resistance and convert it into an analog voltage output. Then, a type of ratio voltage output device is converted into a controller area network communication protocol device (not shown), and the information is provided to the vehicle control unit 35 for providing an alert user.

再請參見圖6，並協同參照圖4、圖5所示。本實施例之電動車漏電偵測的方法，其步驟包含：步驟S10，提供前述具有漏電偵測系統30的電動車20，並進行各數據的初始化，例如，若是電動車20是處於電門關閉時，該高電壓系統32係處於未建立的狀態。Please refer to FIG. 6 again, and refer to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 in cooperation. In the method for detecting electric leakage of the electric vehicle of the present embodiment, the method includes the following steps: Step S10, providing the electric vehicle 20 having the leakage detecting system 30, and performing initialization of each data, for example, if the electric vehicle 20 is in the closed state of the electric motor The high voltage system 32 is in an unestablished state.

步驟S20，在該整車控制單元35響應一電動車20電門啟動訊號（圖中未示出）而將進行高電壓系統32建立前的極短時間內（例如＜0.01秒的時間），應用該絕緣阻抗量測系統341即時量測出與該高電壓系統32電連接之該高電壓繼電器322輸出端對應於該低電壓系統311之低電準位3112（負極）的絕緣阻抗。Step S20, in the very short time (for example, <0.01 second time) before the vehicle control unit 35 responds to an electric vehicle 20 door activation signal (not shown) to establish the high voltage system 32, The insulation resistance measurement system 341 instantaneously measures the insulation resistance of the output of the high voltage relay 322 electrically coupled to the high voltage system 32 corresponding to the low level 3112 (negative) of the low voltage system 311.

步驟S30，當該絕緣阻抗小於一設置的阻抗標準值（例如500Ω/V）時，整車控制單元35判定車輛發生「啟動前漏電」現象，並停止進行該高電壓系統32的建立，在一實施例中，在整車控制單元35停止進行高電壓系統32的建立後，可利用一人機介面（未圖示）發出異常警告，以通知使用者，否則整車控制單元35控制受控開關3411進行斷開該絕緣阻抗量測系統341與該高電壓繼電器322的連線，並進行高電壓系統32的建立。In step S30, when the insulation resistance is less than a set impedance standard value (for example, 500 Ω/V), the vehicle control unit 35 determines that the vehicle has a "leakage before start-up" phenomenon, and stops the establishment of the high-voltage system 32. In the embodiment, after the vehicle control unit 35 stops the establishment of the high voltage system 32, an abnormality warning may be issued by a human machine interface (not shown) to notify the user, otherwise the vehicle control unit 35 controls the controlled switch 3411. The connection of the insulation resistance measuring system 341 to the high voltage relay 322 is disconnected, and the establishment of the high voltage system 32 is performed.

步驟S40，整車控制單元35在高電壓系統32建立後，隨即導入電壓量測系統342，以即時量測該高電壓系統32對該低電壓系統31的壓差。In step S40, after the high voltage system 32 is established, the vehicle control unit 35 then introduces the voltage measurement system 342 to instantly measure the differential pressure of the high voltage system 32 to the low voltage system 31.

步驟S50，當該壓差不符合一預設的壓差安全值時，整車控制單元35判定車輛出現「行駛中漏電」現象，並產生一漏電訊號（在一實施例中，當判定出現行駛中漏電現象時，更包含以一人機介面發出異常警告，但不立刻強制採取斷開串接之高電壓系統32的措施，以避免電動車處於行駛中突然喪失動力，以維行車安全）。In step S50, when the pressure difference does not meet a preset differential pressure safety value, the vehicle control unit 35 determines that the vehicle has a "leakage during running" phenomenon and generates a leakage signal (in an embodiment, when it is determined that the vehicle is traveling) In the case of leakage, it also includes an abnormal warning issued by a human-machine interface, but it is not immediately forced to take measures to disconnect the high-voltage system 32 in series to avoid sudden loss of power during driving of the electric vehicle to ensure safe driving.

由此可知，本發明屬無源之接觸性量測，透過即時量測高電壓電池電連接的高電壓繼電器輸出端正極與負極對低電壓系統的低電準位之絕緣阻抗，可立即得知高電壓系統建立前之阻抗絕緣性是否異常；亦於駕駛過程中轉而採用對高電壓電池輸出端正、負極對低電壓電池的接地準位的即時電壓差量測，動態地得知電動車目前是否處於漏電狀態，可確保駕駛者免於觸電危機。It can be seen that the present invention is a passive contact measurement, and the insulation resistance of the low voltage system of the low voltage system of the high voltage relay output terminal of the high voltage battery is instantaneously measured, and the insulation resistance of the low voltage system can be immediately known. Whether the impedance insulation before the establishment of the high-voltage system is abnormal; during the driving process, the instantaneous voltage difference measurement of the grounding level of the positive and negative poles of the high-voltage battery output to the low-voltage battery is used, and the electric vehicle is dynamically learned. Whether it is in a leakage state ensures that the driver is protected from electric shock.

另外，當前述實施例中出現異常警告時，整車控制單元更可應用人機介面提供進廠維修資料給使用者。In addition, when an abnormal warning occurs in the foregoing embodiment, the vehicle control unit can further apply the human-machine interface to provide the in-plant maintenance information to the user.

綜上所述，乃僅記載本發明為呈現解決問題所採用的技術手段之較佳實施方式或實施例而已，並非用來限定本發明專利實施之範圍。即凡與本發明專利申請範圍文義相符，或依本發明專利範圍所做的均等變化與修飾，皆為本發明專利範圍所涵蓋。In summary, the present invention is only described as a preferred embodiment or embodiment of the technical means for solving the problem, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. That is, the equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the scope of the patent application of the present invention or the scope of the invention are covered by the scope of the invention.

10　　　診斷裝置 11　　　電阻A 12　　　電阻B 13　　　電阻C 14　　　電阻D 15　　　開關A 16　　　開關B 17　　　感應帶 18　　　診斷電路 181 　　診斷信號發生電路 182 　　診斷信號接收電路 183 　　監測單元 20　　　電動車 21　　　車體 30　　　漏電偵測系統 31　　　低電壓系統 311 　　低電壓電池 3111　　輸出端負極 3112　　低電準位 312 　　電動車附件系統 3121　　空調系統 32　　　高電壓系統 321　　　高電壓電池 3211　　輸出端正極 3212　　輸出端負極 322 　　高電壓繼電器 3221　　輸入端正極 3222　　輸入端負極 3223　　輸出端正極 3224　　輸出端負極 323 　　動力系統 3231　　馬達驅動單元 3232　　馬達系統 3233　　引擎發電機 33　　　直流對直流轉換器 34　　　電池管理模組 341 　　絕緣阻抗量測系統 3411　　受控開關 342 　　電壓量測系統 3421　　受控開關 35　　　整車控制單元 步驟S10~S50 　電動車漏電偵測的方法之步驟10 Diagnostic device 11 Resistor A 12 Resistor B 13 Resistor C 14 Resistor D 15 Switch A 16 Switch B 17 Inductive strip 18 Diagnostic circuit 181 Diagnostic signal generation circuit 182 Diagnostic signal receiving circuit 183 Monitoring unit 20 Electric vehicle 21 Body 30 Leakage detection System 31 Low Voltage System 311 Low Voltage Battery 3111 Output Negative 3112 Low Power Level 312 Electric Vehicle Accessory System 3121 Air Conditioning System 32 High Voltage System 321 High Voltage Battery 3211 Output Positive 3212 Output Negative 322 High Voltage Relay 3221 Input Positive 3222 Input negative 3223 Output positive 3224 Output negative 323 Power system 3231 Motor drive unit 3232 Motor system 3233 Engine generator 33 DC to DC converter 34 Battery management module 341 Insulation resistance measurement system 3411 Controlled switch 342 Voltage Measuring system 3421 Controlled switch 35 Vehicle control unit Steps S10~S50 Steps for electric vehicle leakage detection

[圖1]繪示先前技術之電動車高壓線路漏電檢測裝置的電路方塊圖； [圖2]繪示本發明之具有漏電偵測系統之電動車一實施例之高電壓系統建立前的狀態之方塊圖； [圖3]繪示本發明之具有漏電偵測系統之電動車一實施例之高電壓系統建立後的狀態之方塊圖； [圖4]繪示本發明之具有漏電偵測系統之電動車一實施例之量測絕緣阻抗的電路方塊圖； [圖5]繪示本發明之具有漏電偵測系統之電動車一實施例之量測電壓差的電路方塊圖； [圖6]繪示本發明之漏電偵測的方法之一實施例的流程圖。1 is a circuit block diagram of a prior art electric vehicle high-voltage line leakage detecting device; [FIG. 2] shows a state before the high-voltage system of an embodiment of the electric vehicle with the electric leakage detecting system of the present invention is established. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a state in which a high voltage system of an embodiment of an electric vehicle with a leakage detecting system of the present invention is established; [FIG. 4] illustrates a leakage detecting system of the present invention. A circuit block diagram for measuring insulation resistance of an embodiment of an electric vehicle; [FIG. 5] is a block diagram showing a circuit for measuring a voltage difference of an embodiment of an electric vehicle with a leakage detecting system of the present invention; [FIG. 6] A flow chart showing one embodiment of a method of leakage detection of the present invention.

步驟S10~S50 電動車漏電偵測的方法之步驟Steps S10~S50 Steps of Electric Vehicle Leakage Detection Method

Claims (10)

一種具有漏電偵測系統之電動車，包含： 　　一低電壓系統，係包含一低電壓電池及與該低電壓電池電連接的電動車附件系統，該低電壓電池的負極與該電動車車體金屬搭接，作為低電準位； 　　一高電壓系統，係包含一高電壓電池、一電連接該高電壓電池的高電壓繼電器，以及一透過該高電壓繼電器而與該高電壓電池電連接的動力系統，該高電壓電池輸出端正極係連接於該高電壓繼電器輸入端正極，該高電壓電池輸出端負極係連接於該高電壓繼電器輸入端負極； 　　一直流對直流轉換器，係電連接於該低電壓電池與該高電壓繼電器之間，用以提供不同電壓之間的電能傳輸； 　　一電池管理模組，係電連接該高電壓電池及該低電壓電池，用以提供該高電壓電池及該低電壓電池之電池資訊，並接受一控制信號控制而利用該高電繼電器建立或斷開該高電壓系統，該電池管理模組包含一絕緣阻抗量測系統及一電壓量測系統，該絕緣阻抗量測系統，係透過一受控開關電連接於該高電壓繼電器輸出端正極、該高電壓繼電器輸出端負極與該低電準位，用以量測該些接點的絕緣阻抗，該電壓量測系統，係透過一受控開關電連接於該高電壓電池正極、該高電壓電池負極與該低電準位；以及 　　一整車控制單元，係與該電池管理模組電連接並進行通訊與管控。An electric vehicle with a leakage detecting system, comprising: a low voltage system comprising a low voltage battery and an electric vehicle accessory system electrically connected to the low voltage battery, the negative pole of the low voltage battery and the metal body of the electric vehicle a high voltage system comprising a high voltage battery, a high voltage relay electrically connected to the high voltage battery, and a power electrically connected to the high voltage battery through the high voltage relay a system, the high voltage battery output positive pole is connected to the high voltage relay input positive pole, the high voltage battery output negative pole is connected to the high voltage relay input negative pole; a DC to DC converter is electrically connected to the a low voltage battery and the high voltage relay are configured to provide power transmission between different voltages; a battery management module electrically connecting the high voltage battery and the low voltage battery to provide the high voltage battery and the Battery information of a low-voltage battery, and receiving a control signal to establish or disconnect the high-voltage relay The high voltage system, the battery management module comprises an insulation resistance measuring system and a voltage measuring system, wherein the insulating impedance measuring system is electrically connected to the positive pole of the high voltage relay output through a controlled switch, the high voltage The negative pole of the relay output terminal and the low electric level are used for measuring the insulation resistance of the contacts, and the voltage measuring system is electrically connected to the positive pole of the high voltage battery and the negative pole of the high voltage battery through a controlled switch The low power level; and a vehicle control unit are electrically connected to the battery management module for communication and control. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之具有漏電偵測系統之電動車，其中該低電壓電池的電壓為12V。An electric vehicle having a leakage detecting system according to claim 1, wherein the low voltage battery has a voltage of 12V. 一種電動車漏電偵測的方法，其步驟包含： 　　提供如申請專利範圍第1項所述的電動車，並進行初始化； 　　於該電動車之高電壓系統建立前，應用該絕緣阻抗量測系統即時量測該高電壓系統電連接之該高電壓繼電器輸出端對該低電壓系統之該低電準位之絕緣阻抗； 　　當該絕緣阻抗小於一設置的阻抗標準值時，判定為啟動前漏電現象並停止進行該高電壓系統的建立，否則斷開該絕緣阻抗量測系統與該高電壓繼電器的連線並進行高電壓系統的建立； 　　高電壓系統建立後，隨即導入電壓量測系統以即時量測該高電壓系統對該低電壓系統的壓差；以及 　　當該壓差不符合一預設的壓差安全值時，判定出現行駛中漏電現象並產生一漏電訊號。A method for detecting electric leakage of an electric vehicle, the method comprising the steps of: providing an electric vehicle according to claim 1 of the patent application, and performing initialization; applying the insulation impedance measurement system immediately before establishing the high voltage system of the electric vehicle Measuring the insulation resistance of the low voltage system output of the high voltage relay electrically connected to the low voltage system; when the insulation resistance is less than a set impedance standard value, determining the leakage phenomenon before starting Stop the establishment of the high voltage system, otherwise disconnect the insulation impedance measurement system from the high voltage relay and establish a high voltage system; after the high voltage system is established, the voltage measurement system is immediately introduced for immediate measurement. The high voltage system has a voltage difference to the low voltage system; and when the pressure difference does not meet a predetermined differential pressure safety value, it is determined that a running leakage phenomenon occurs and a leakage signal is generated. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之電動車漏電偵測的方法，其中，該電動車之高電壓系統建立前，該絕緣阻抗量測系統係即時量測該高電壓繼電器輸出端正極與該高電壓繼電器輸出端負極對該低電準位的絕緣阻抗。The method for detecting electric leakage of an electric vehicle according to claim 3, wherein before the high voltage system of the electric vehicle is established, the insulation impedance measuring system measures the positive pole of the high voltage relay and the high The insulation resistance of the negative terminal of the voltage relay to the low level. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之電動車漏電偵測的方法，其中，該電壓量測系統係即時量測該高電壓電池正極與該高電壓電池負極對該低電壓系統的電壓差。The method for detecting electric leakage of an electric vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the voltage measuring system measures the voltage difference between the positive electrode of the high voltage battery and the negative electrode of the high voltage battery to the low voltage system. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之電動車漏電偵測的方法，其中，量測該絕緣阻抗係於高電壓系統建立前的0.01秒的時間內完成。The method for detecting electric leakage of an electric vehicle according to claim 3, wherein measuring the insulation resistance is completed within 0.01 seconds before the high voltage system is established. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之電動車漏電偵測的方法，其中，該阻抗標準值為500 Ω/V。The method for detecting electric leakage of an electric vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the impedance standard value is 500 Ω/V. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之電動車漏電偵測的方法，其中，當出現啟動前漏電現象或行駛中漏電現象時，更包含以一人機介面發出異常警告。The method for detecting electric leakage of an electric vehicle according to claim 3, wherein when a leakage phenomenon before starting or a leakage phenomenon during driving occurs, an abnormal warning is issued by a human machine interface. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之電動車漏電偵測的方法，其中，該高電壓電池包含一與該整車控制單元電連接的升降壓模組，該壓差大於該壓差安全值且小於一較該壓差安全值大的第一級壓差安全值時，該整車控制單元立刻或在一段時間後驅動該升降壓模組，進行該高電壓電池輸出電壓的降電壓作業，以使該電動車無法處於高速下行駛。The method for detecting electric leakage of an electric vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the high voltage battery comprises a buck-boost module electrically connected to the vehicle control unit, wherein the differential pressure is greater than the differential pressure and When the safety value of the first stage differential pressure is greater than the safety value of the differential pressure, the vehicle control unit drives the buck-boost module immediately or after a period of time to perform a voltage drop operation of the high-voltage battery output voltage to The electric vehicle cannot be driven at a high speed. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之電動車漏電偵測的方法，其中，當該壓差大於該第一級壓差安全值時，立刻進行降電壓作業，並在進行該降電壓作業一段時間後，該整車控制單元斷開高電壓系統串接線路，使該電動車由高電壓系統降為低電壓系統。The method for detecting leakage current of an electric vehicle according to claim 9 , wherein when the pressure difference is greater than the safety value of the first stage differential pressure, the voltage reduction operation is performed immediately, and the voltage reduction operation is performed for a period of time. Thereafter, the vehicle control unit disconnects the high voltage system in series, thereby reducing the electric vehicle from a high voltage system to a low voltage system.
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