TWI544134B - Facing retaining members and doors and windows - Google Patents
Facing retaining members and doors and windows Download PDFInfo
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- TWI544134B TWI544134B TW104141915A TW104141915A TWI544134B TW I544134 B TWI544134 B TW I544134B TW 104141915 A TW104141915 A TW 104141915A TW 104141915 A TW104141915 A TW 104141915A TW I544134 B TWI544134 B TW I544134B
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- face material
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- holding portion
- receiving groove
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- Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
Description
本發明係關於一種使邊框、框等框架與玻璃等面材的端面之間產生間隙的面材保持構件及門窗。 The present invention relates to a face material holding member and a door and window which cause a gap between a frame such as a frame and a frame and an end surface of a face material such as glass.
以往,在將框等框架安裝在玻璃等比較重的面材的四周之際,在框架的面材收容槽中配置被稱為安裝塊(setting block)的面材保持構件(例如參照專利文獻1)。面材保持構件例如用聚丙烯或合成橡膠等樹脂製成長方體塊狀,作為面材與框架之間的緩衝材料發揮功能。藉由具有面材保持構件的門窗,不僅能夠保持面材不晃動,還能夠防止來自外部的衝擊直接傳遞給面材,藉此能夠提高面材的耐衝擊性。 In the past, when a frame such as a frame is attached to a relatively heavy surface material such as glass, a face material holding member called a setting block is placed in the face material storage groove of the frame (see, for example, Patent Document 1). ). The face material holding member is formed into a rectangular parallelepiped block shape by, for example, a resin such as polypropylene or synthetic rubber, and functions as a cushioning material between the face material and the frame. By the door and window having the face material holding member, not only the face material can be kept from being shaken, but also the impact from the outside can be prevented from being directly transmitted to the face material, whereby the impact resistance of the face material can be improved.
這種面材保持構件通常配置在安裝於面材的下緣部的下方框架及安裝於面材的側緣部的側方框架。配置於下方框架的面材保持構件主要發揮支承面材重量的功能,配置於側方框架的面材保持構件主要發揮限制面材相對於框架左右移動的功能。因此,為了更可靠地將面材保持在框架中,將面材保持構件最好配置在下方框架及側方框架各框 架中。 Such a face material holding member is usually disposed in a lower frame attached to a lower edge portion of the face material and a side frame attached to a side edge portion of the face material. The face material holding member disposed in the lower frame mainly functions to support the weight of the face material, and the face material holding member disposed in the side frame mainly functions to restrict the movement of the face material to the left and right of the frame. Therefore, in order to more reliably hold the face material in the frame, the face material holding member is preferably disposed in each of the lower frame and the side frame. In the rack.
專利文獻1:日本特開平6-193349號公報。 Patent Document 1: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. Hei 6-193349.
然而,在分別將面材保持構件配置在下方框架及側方框架之際,由於要使用的構件數量增加,所以當然門窗的組裝作業變得複雜。這種構件數量的問題能夠藉由將配置於下方框架之面材保持構件與配置於側方框架之面材保持構件一體成形來解決。換言之,如果使用將配置於下方框架的部分與配置於側方框架的部分一體成形而得到之面材保持構件,就不會導致伴隨構件數量增加而產生的問題,能夠更可靠地將面材保持在框架中。 However, when the face material holding member is disposed on the lower frame and the side frame, respectively, since the number of members to be used is increased, the assembly work of the door and window is of course complicated. The problem of the number of such members can be solved by integrally molding the face material holding member disposed on the lower frame with the face material holding member disposed on the side frame. In other words, if the face material holding member obtained by integrally molding the portion disposed on the lower frame and the portion disposed on the side frame is used, the problem associated with an increase in the number of members is not caused, and the face material can be more reliably held. In the framework.
這裡,在下方框架的面材收容槽及側方框架的面材收容槽各自的內部縱深面設置有與外部連通的連通孔的情況較多。該連通孔用於在雨水或結露水滲入到框架的面材收容槽中之際高效地向外部排水。此外,在面材收容槽的內部縱深面設置有連通孔的門窗中,藉由將外部空氣導入到面材收容槽中,能夠使面材收容槽的內部為與外部空氣大致等壓的狀態,藉此能夠防止水滲入到面材收容槽中。 Here, a large number of communication holes that communicate with the outside are provided in the inner longitudinal surface of each of the face material storage grooves of the lower frame and the face material storage grooves of the side frames. The communication hole is for efficiently draining the outside when rainwater or dew condensation water penetrates into the face material receiving groove of the frame. Further, in the door and window in which the communication hole is provided in the inner longitudinal surface of the face material storage groove, the inside of the face material storage groove can be substantially equal to the outside air by introducing the outside air into the face material storage groove. Thereby, it is possible to prevent water from penetrating into the face material receiving groove.
然而,如上所述,在配置有將配置於下方框架的部分與配置於側方框架的部分一體成形而得到之面材保持構件的情況下,面材保持構件可能會妨礙滲入到面材收容槽中的水的移動。此外,面材保持構件成為妨礙下方框架的面材收容槽與側方框架的面材收容槽之間的通氣的主要原因,因此框架的面材收容槽可能成為壓力比外部空氣低的狀態。 However, as described above, in the case where the face material holding member obtained by integrally molding the portion disposed on the lower frame and the portion disposed on the side frame is disposed, the face material holding member may hinder penetration into the face material receiving groove. The movement of water in. Further, since the face material holding member is a factor that hinders ventilation between the face material receiving groove of the lower frame and the face material receiving groove of the side frame, the face material receiving groove of the frame may be in a state in which the pressure is lower than the outside air.
其結果,在配置有將配置於下方框架的部分與配置於側方框架的部分一體成形而得到之面材保持構件的門窗中,有可能導致不僅水容易滲入到面材收容槽中,而且還不能將滲入的水高效地排出到外部。 As a result, in the door and window in which the surface material holding member which integrally formed the part arrange|positioned in the lower frame and the part arrange|positioned in the side frame is comprised, it may become [ not only water- The infiltrated water cannot be efficiently discharged to the outside.
本發明係鑑於上述情況而完成的,其目的在於提供一種面材保持構件及門窗,其不會損害將滲入到面材收容槽中的水排出的排水功能,不會使門窗的組裝作業變得複雜,能夠可靠地保持面材。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a face material holding member and a door and window which do not impair the drainage function of discharging water that has penetrated into the face material storage groove, and do not cause the assembly work of the door and window. Complex and able to hold the facestock reliably.
為了實現上述目的,本發明係關於一種面材保持構件,其配置在安裝於面材下緣部的下方框架的面材收容槽及安裝於面材側緣部的側方框架的面材收容槽中,使收容於各上述面材收容槽中的面材的端面與上述面材收容槽的 內部縱深面之間產生間隙,其中,將配置在上述下方框架的面材收容槽中的下方保持部分、與從上述下方保持部分的一端部在彎折的方向上延伸且配置在上述側方框架的面材收容槽中的側方保持部分一體成形,在上述下方保持部分,設置有在與上述面材收容槽的內部縱深面相對的框架相對面開口且沿著上述下方框架的長度方向貫通之下方槽狀通路,並且形成有從與面材的端面相對的面材相對面貫通至上述下方槽狀通路之排水孔,在上述側方保持部分設置有側方槽狀通路,該側方槽狀通路在與上述面材收容槽的內部縱深面相對的框架相對面開口且沿著上述側方框架的長度方向貫通,並且與上述下方槽狀通路連通。 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention relates to a face material holding member which is disposed in a face material receiving groove of a lower frame attached to a lower edge portion of a face material, and a face material receiving groove of a side frame attached to a side edge portion of the face material. The end surface of the face material accommodated in each of the face material receiving grooves and the face material receiving groove A gap is formed between the inner longitudinal surfaces, and the lower holding portion disposed in the face material receiving groove of the lower frame and the one end portion of the lower holding portion are extended in the bending direction and disposed in the side frame The side holding portion of the face material receiving groove is integrally formed, and the lower holding portion is provided to be open to the frame facing surface facing the inner longitudinal surface of the face material receiving groove and penetrates along the longitudinal direction of the lower frame. a groove-shaped passage in the lower side, and a drain hole penetrating from the facing surface facing the end surface of the face material to the lower groove-shaped passage, and a side groove-shaped passage formed in the side holding portion, the side groove-shaped passage The passage is open to the frame facing surface facing the inner longitudinal surface of the face material receiving groove, and penetrates in the longitudinal direction of the side frame, and communicates with the lower groove-shaped passage.
根據本發明,由於下方保持部分的下方槽狀通路與側方保持部分的側方槽狀通路相互連通且朝向各面材收容槽的內部縱深面開口,所以不會有妨礙滲入到面材收容槽中的水移動、妨礙下方框架的面材收容槽與側方框架的面材收容槽之間通氣的可能性。因此,藉由在下方框架與側方框架的內角部配置將下方保持部分與側方保持部分一體成形而得到之面材保持構件,不會使門窗的組裝作業變得複雜,能夠可靠地保持面材。 According to the present invention, since the lower groove-shaped passage of the lower holding portion communicates with the side groove-shaped passage of the side holding portion and opens toward the inner longitudinal surface of each of the face material receiving grooves, there is no hindrance to penetration into the face material receiving groove. The water movement in the middle prevents the possibility of ventilation between the face material receiving groove of the lower frame and the face material receiving groove of the side frame. Therefore, by arranging the face material holding member obtained by integrally molding the lower holding portion and the side holding portion at the inner corner portion of the lower frame and the side frame, the assembly work of the door and window is not complicated, and the holding can be reliably maintained. Face material.
此外,在上述的面材保持構件中,在上述側方保持部分中的與面材的端面相對的面材相對面開口設置有與上述側方槽狀通路連通的窗孔。 Further, in the above-described face material holding member, a window hole that communicates with the side groove-shaped passage is provided in a surface of the side holding portion facing the face material facing the end surface.
根據本發明,藉由窗孔也能夠確保下方框架與側方框架之間的通氣,藉此能夠可靠地使面材收容槽為與外部空氣大致等壓的狀態。 According to the present invention, the ventilation between the lower frame and the side frame can be ensured by the window hole, whereby the face material storage groove can be reliably brought into a state of being substantially equal to the outside air.
此外,在上述的面材保持構件中,在上述下方保持部分的排水孔中,在向上述面材相對面開口的端部形成有朝向上方開口面積逐漸增大的導向部。 Further, in the above-described face material holding member, in the drain hole of the lower holding portion, a guide portion that gradually increases toward the upper opening area is formed at an end portion that opens toward the facing surface of the face material.
根據本發明,在將面材配置於下方保持部分的面材相對面的情況下也能夠防止排水孔被堵塞。 According to the present invention, even when the face material is disposed on the surface facing surface of the lower holding portion, the drain hole can be prevented from being clogged.
此外,本發明係關於一種門窗,在上述下方框架與上述側方框架之內角部配置有上述面材保持構件中的任一個。 Moreover, the present invention relates to a door and window in which one of the above-described face material holding members is disposed at an inner corner portion of the lower frame and the side frame.
根據本發明,由於下方保持部分之下方槽狀通路與側方保持部分之側方槽狀通路相互連通且朝向各面材收容槽之內部縱深面開口,所以不會有妨礙滲入到面材收容槽中的水移動、妨礙下方框架之面材收容槽與側方框架之面材收容槽之間通氣的可能性。因此,藉由在下方框架與側方框架之內角部配置將下方保持部分與側方保持部分一體成形而得到之面材保持構件,不會使門窗的組裝作業變得複雜,能夠可靠地保持面材。 According to the invention, since the groove-shaped passage below the lower holding portion and the side groove-shaped passage of the side holding portion communicate with each other and open toward the inner longitudinal surface of each of the face material receiving grooves, there is no hindrance to penetration into the face material receiving groove. The water movement in the middle prevents the possibility of ventilation between the face material receiving groove of the lower frame and the face material receiving groove of the side frame. Therefore, by arranging the face material holding member obtained by integrally molding the lower holding portion and the side holding portion at the inner corner portion of the lower frame and the side frame, the assembly work of the door and window is not complicated, and the holding can be reliably maintained. Face material.
此外,在上述的門窗中,以從一對收容翅片部的彼此相對的部位突出之方式設置有沿著上述下方框架的長度方向延伸的肋部,該一對收容翅片部構成上述下方框架的面材收容槽,另一方面,將上述面材保持構件的下方保持部分形成為能夠壓入到上述肋部與上述面材收容槽的內部縱深面之間的尺寸,並且在上述側方保持部分中的與上述下方保持部分的連結部形成有供上述肋部壓入的肋部壓入槽。 Further, in the above-described door and window, ribs extending in the longitudinal direction of the lower frame are provided so as to protrude from the mutually opposing portions of the pair of accommodation fin portions, and the pair of accommodation fin portions constitute the lower frame On the other hand, the lower surface holding portion of the face material holding member is formed to be press-fittable between the rib portion and the inner longitudinal surface of the face material receiving groove, and is held at the side. The connecting portion with the lower holding portion is formed with a rib press-fitting groove into which the rib is press-fitted.
根據本發明,對於下方框架來說,將下方保持部分從面材收容槽的開口端部壓入,藉此能夠在防止向上方脫落的狀態下安裝面材保持構件。 According to the present invention, in the lower frame, the lower holding portion is press-fitted from the opening end portion of the face material receiving groove, whereby the face material holding member can be attached while being prevented from falling upward.
此外,在上述的門窗中,在上述下方保持部分中的與上述下方框架相對的部位,以從上述下方保持部分的框架相對面突出之方式形成有卡合爪部,並且在上述下方框架的面材收容槽中的與上述卡合爪部對應的部位形成有排水用缺口,使上述卡合爪部與上述排水用缺口的開口周緣部卡合。 Further, in the above-described door and window, a portion facing the lower frame in the lower holding portion is formed with an engaging claw portion projecting from a frame opposing surface of the lower holding portion, and a surface of the lower frame A portion of the material receiving groove corresponding to the engaging claw portion is formed with a drain notch, and the engaging claw portion is engaged with an opening peripheral portion of the drain notch.
根據本發明,在將下方保持部分從開口端部***到下方框架的面材收容槽中之際,下方保持部分的卡合爪部與排水用缺口的開口周緣部卡合,藉此能夠防止面材保持構件從下方框架脫落。 According to the present invention, when the lower holding portion is inserted into the face material receiving groove of the lower frame from the opening end portion, the engaging claw portion of the lower holding portion engages with the opening peripheral portion of the drain recess, thereby preventing the surface from being prevented The material holding member is detached from the lower frame.
根據本發明,由於下方保持部分的下方槽狀通路與側方保持部分的側方槽狀通路相互連通且朝向各面材收容槽的內部縱深面開口,所以不會有妨礙滲入到面材收容槽中的水移動、妨礙下方框架的面材收容槽與側方框架的面材收容槽之間通氣的可能性。藉此,藉由在下方框架與側方框架的內角部配置將下方保持部分與側方保持部分一體成形而得到之面材保持構件,不會使門窗的組裝作業變得複雜,能夠可靠地保持面材。 According to the present invention, since the lower groove-shaped passage of the lower holding portion communicates with the side groove-shaped passage of the side holding portion and opens toward the inner longitudinal surface of each of the face material receiving grooves, there is no hindrance to penetration into the face material receiving groove. The water movement in the middle prevents the possibility of ventilation between the face material receiving groove of the lower frame and the face material receiving groove of the side frame. By arranging the face material holding member obtained by integrally molding the lower holding portion and the side holding portion at the inner corner portion of the lower frame and the side frame, the assembly work of the door and window is not complicated, and the door and window can be reliably assembled. Keep the face material.
21‧‧‧玻璃 21‧‧‧ glass
23‧‧‧下框 23‧‧‧ Lower frame
24‧‧‧縱框 24‧‧‧ vertical frame
23a‧‧‧玻璃收容槽 23a‧‧‧glass storage tank
23c‧‧‧收容翅片部 23c‧‧‧ containment fins
23d‧‧‧內部縱深面 23d‧‧‧Internal depth
23f‧‧‧排水用缺口 23f‧‧‧Drainage gap
23j‧‧‧肋部 23j‧‧‧ ribs
24a‧‧‧玻璃收容槽 24a‧‧‧glass storage tank
24c‧‧‧收容翅片部 24c‧‧‧ containment fins
24d‧‧‧內部縱深面 24d‧‧‧Internal depth
24f‧‧‧連通孔 24f‧‧‧Connected holes
40‧‧‧安裝塊 40‧‧‧Installation block
41‧‧‧下方保持部分 41‧‧‧ Keeping part below
41a‧‧‧下表面 41a‧‧‧lower surface
41b‧‧‧上表面 41b‧‧‧ upper surface
42‧‧‧側方保持部分 42‧‧‧ side keeping part
42a‧‧‧外側面 42a‧‧‧Outside
42b‧‧‧內側面 42b‧‧‧ inside
43‧‧‧壓入槽 43‧‧‧ pressed into the slot
44‧‧‧下方槽狀通路 44‧‧‧ below trough path
45‧‧‧排水孔 45‧‧‧Drainage holes
45a‧‧‧導向部 45a‧‧‧Director
46‧‧‧彈性卡合爪部 46‧‧‧Flexible clamping claws
47‧‧‧側方槽狀通路 47‧‧‧Side grooved passage
49‧‧‧窗孔 49‧‧‧ window hole
圖1係從室內側觀看應用本發明實施方式之面材保持構件的門窗時的正視圖。 Fig. 1 is a front elevational view showing a door and window to which a face material holding member according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied, viewed from an indoor side.
圖2係將圖1所示的門窗的主要部分放大而得到的橫剖面圖。 Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an enlarged main portion of the door and window shown in Fig. 1.
圖3係將圖1所示的門窗的主要部分放大而得到的縱剖面圖。 Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an enlarged main portion of the door and window shown in Fig. 1.
圖4係將圖1所示的門窗的主要部分放大而得到的局部剖面正視圖。 Fig. 4 is a partial cross-sectional front view showing an enlarged main portion of the door and window shown in Fig. 1.
圖5係表示應用於圖1所示的門窗中之面材保持構件及下方框架的放大縱剖面圖。 Fig. 5 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view showing a face material holding member and a lower frame applied to the door and window shown in Fig. 1;
圖6係表示應用於圖1所示的門窗中之面材保持構件、以及下方框架及側方框架的放大局部剖面正視圖。 Fig. 6 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional front view showing the face material holding member applied to the door and window shown in Fig. 1, and the lower frame and the side frame.
圖7係應用於圖1所示的門窗中之面材保持構件的立體圖。 Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a face material holding member applied to the door and window shown in Fig. 1.
圖8係圖7所示的面材保持構件的俯視圖。 Fig. 8 is a plan view showing the face material holding member shown in Fig. 7.
圖9係圖7所示的面材保持構件的側視圖。 Fig. 9 is a side view of the face material holding member shown in Fig. 7.
下面,參照圖式,對本發明之面材保持構件及門窗的最佳實施方式進行詳細說明。 Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the face material holding member and the door and window according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
圖1至圖4係表示應用了本發明實施方式之面材保持構件的門窗的圖。這裡所例示的門窗係在開口框架10中支承2個門窗扇20可沿著左右方向滑動的推拉窗(sliding window)。 1 to 4 are views showing a door and window to which a face material holding member according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied. The door and window exemplified herein supports a sliding window in which the two door sashes 20 are slidable in the left-right direction in the opening frame 10.
開口邊框10藉由將上邊框11、下邊框12、以及左右的縱邊框13組合成四周邊框而呈矩形。兩個門窗扇20都是藉由在呈矩形的玻璃(面材)21的四周安裝上框22、下框(下方框架)23、以及左右的縱框(側方框架)24而構成的。這些門窗扇20形成為在使門窗尾端側的縱框24以彼此重合的狀態左右並排設置之際能夠將開口邊框10關閉的大小。構成開口邊框10的上邊框11、下邊框12、縱邊框13以及構成門窗扇20的上框22、下框23、縱框24用鋁或鋁合金等金屬的擠壓型材製成,它們在整個長度上具有大致相同的截面形狀。 The opening frame 10 has a rectangular shape by combining the upper frame 11, the lower frame 12, and the left and right vertical frames 13 into a surrounding frame. Both of the door sashes 20 are constructed by attaching the upper frame 22, the lower frame (lower frame) 23, and the left and right vertical frames (side frames) 24 around the rectangular glass (surface material) 21. These door sashes 20 are formed to be able to close the opening frame 10 when the vertical frames 24 on the tail end side of the door and window are arranged side by side in a state of being overlapped with each other. The upper frame 11, the lower frame 12, the vertical frame 13 constituting the opening frame 10, and the upper frame 22, the lower frame 23, and the vertical frame 24 constituting the door sash 20 are made of extruded metal such as aluminum or aluminum alloy, which are entirely It has approximately the same cross-sectional shape in length.
在各個上框22、下框23、縱框24中之與玻璃21的端面相對的縱深面設置有玻璃收容槽(面材收容槽)22a、23a、24a。玻璃收容槽22a、23a、24a係藉由從呈矩形筒狀的框基部22b、23b、24b的兩側緣部以突出的方式設置收容翅片部22c、23c、24c而形成在收容翅片部22c、23c、24c彼此之間之構件。 Glass receiving grooves (surface material receiving grooves) 22a, 23a, and 24a are provided on the longitudinal surfaces of the upper frame 22, the lower frame 23, and the vertical frame 24 that face the end faces of the glass 21. The glass accommodating grooves 22a, 23a, and 24a are formed in the accommodating fin portion by arranging the accommodating fin portions 22c, 23c, and 24c so as to protrude from both side edges of the rectangular frame-shaped frame base portions 22b, 23b, and 24b. 22c, 23c, 24c are members of each other.
如圖2及圖4所示,安裝在玻璃21的側緣部的縱框24,在框基部24b中的支承壁部24e形成有連通孔24f,該支承壁部24e構成玻璃收容槽24a的內部縱深面24d。連通孔24f係貫通支承壁部24e地形成的開口,將框基部24b的中空部與玻璃收容槽24a的內部連通。縱框24的兩端部的端面係分別開口的結構。藉此,成為如下狀態:藉由支承壁部24e的連通孔24f及框基部24b的中空部,將玻璃收容槽24a與縱框24的外部之間互相連通。 As shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, the vertical frame 24 attached to the side edge portion of the glass 21 has a communication hole 24f formed in the support wall portion 24e of the frame base portion 24b. The support wall portion 24e constitutes the inside of the glass housing groove 24a. The depth is 24d. The communication hole 24f is an opening formed through the support wall portion 24e, and communicates the hollow portion of the frame base portion 24b with the inside of the glass accommodation groove 24a. The end faces of the both end portions of the vertical frame 24 are respectively configured to be open. Thereby, the glass housing groove 24a and the outside of the vertical frame 24 are communicated with each other by the communication hole 24f of the support wall portion 24e and the hollow portion of the frame base portion 24b.
如圖3及圖4所示,在安裝於玻璃21下緣部的下框23,在長度方向上的端部設置有門窗滑輪單元30,並且在框基部23b中的支承壁部23e形成有排水用缺口23f,該支承壁部23e構成玻璃收容槽23a的內部縱深面23d。 As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, in the lower frame 23 attached to the lower edge portion of the glass 21, the door and window pulley unit 30 is provided at the end portion in the longitudinal direction, and the support wall portion 23e in the frame base portion 23b is formed with drainage. The support wall portion 23e constitutes the inner longitudinal surface 23d of the glass accommodation groove 23a by the notch 23f.
門窗滑輪單元30是藉由將門窗滑輪32可旋轉地配置在單元主體31內部而構成的。該門窗滑輪單元30在門窗 滑輪32能夠以與下框23的長度方向正交的水平軸為中心而旋轉的狀態下藉助單元主體31收容在下框23的框基部23b中。換言之,在下框23的框基部23b中,在構成下表面的底壁部23g的兩端部處收容孔23h預先開口,並且藉由收容孔23h,門窗滑輪單元30收容在內部。配置於下框23的門窗滑輪單元30處於門窗滑輪32的下部周面經由框基部23b的收容孔23h露出在外部的狀態,能夠在未圖示的下邊框12的軌道上滾動。排水用缺口23f與連通孔24f一樣係貫通支承壁部23e地形成的開口,與收容有門窗滑輪單元30的收容孔23h的內部連通。 The door and window pulley unit 30 is configured by rotatably arranging the door and window pulley 32 inside the unit main body 31. The door and window pulley unit 30 is at the door and window The pulley 32 can be housed in the frame base portion 23b of the lower frame 23 via the unit main body 31 while being rotated about a horizontal axis orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the lower frame 23. In other words, in the frame base portion 23b of the lower frame 23, the receiving hole 23h is opened in advance at both end portions of the bottom wall portion 23g constituting the lower surface, and the door and window pulley unit 30 is housed inside by the receiving hole 23h. The door and window pulley unit 30 disposed in the lower frame 23 is exposed to the outside of the lower peripheral surface of the door and window pulley 32 via the receiving hole 23h of the frame base portion 23b, and can be rolled on the rail of the lower frame 12 (not shown). The drain notch 23f communicates with the inside of the accommodation hole 23h in which the window pulley unit 30 is housed, like the communication hole 24f, through an opening formed through the support wall portion 23e.
此外,如圖5所示,在下框23,分別在構成玻璃收容槽23a的一對收容翅片部23c設置有肋部23j。肋部23j係沿著下框23的長度方向水平地延伸的突出部,在收容翅片部23c的彼此相對的部位的整個長度上形成。 Moreover, as shown in FIG. 5, in the lower frame 23, the rib part 23j is provided in the pair of accommodation fin part 23c which comprises the glass accommodation groove 23a, respectively. The rib 23j is a protruding portion that horizontally extends in the longitudinal direction of the lower frame 23, and is formed over the entire length of the portion where the receiving fin portion 23c faces each other.
另一方面,如圖1所示,在該門窗中,在下框23與縱框24的接合部分別配置有安裝塊(面材保持構件)40。如圖7至圖9所示,安裝塊40具有呈薄板狀的下方保持部分41以及從下方保持部分41的一個端部向上方大致垂直地突出的側方保持部分42,其側視圖為大致L形,用聚丙烯等樹脂一體成形。 On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1, in the door and window, a mounting block (surface material holding member) 40 is disposed at a joint portion between the lower frame 23 and the vertical frame 24, respectively. As shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, the mounting block 40 has a lower holding portion 41 in a thin plate shape and a side holding portion 42 that protrudes substantially vertically upward from one end portion of the lower holding portion 41, and its side view is substantially L. The shape is integrally molded with a resin such as polypropylene.
如圖6所示,下方保持部分41形成為具有在下框23 的玻璃收容槽23a中能夠壓入到肋部23j與內部縱深面23d之間的高度、以及能夠***在一對收容翅片部23c之間的寬度。下方保持部分41的沿著下框23的長度方向的尺寸,形成為在使其一個端面與下框23的端面一致之際能夠覆蓋形成於支承壁部23e的排水用缺口23f整個面的長度。 As shown in FIG. 6, the lower holding portion 41 is formed to have the lower frame 23 The glass receiving groove 23a can be press-fitted to the height between the rib 23j and the inner longitudinal surface 23d, and the width which can be inserted between the pair of accommodation fin parts 23c. The dimension of the lower holding portion 41 along the longitudinal direction of the lower frame 23 is formed so as to cover the entire surface of the drain recess 23f formed in the support wall portion 23e when one end surface thereof coincides with the end surface of the lower frame 23.
側方保持部分42具有如下尺寸:在將下方保持部分41配置於下框23的玻璃收容槽23a中,使下方保持部分41的下表面(框架相對面)41a與內部縱深面23d抵接之際,側方保持部分42比下框23的收容翅片部23c向上方突出,但高度比形成於縱框24的連通孔24f低。側方保持部分42的寬度具有與下方保持部分41大致相同的尺寸。在側方保持部分42中之與下方保持部分41的連結部設置有壓入槽(肋部壓入槽)43。壓入槽43沿著下方保持部分41的長度方向延伸。該壓入槽43構成為具有如下尺寸:在將下方保持部分41配置在下框23的玻璃收容槽23a中,並使下方保持部分41的下表面41a與內部縱深面23d抵接之際,在與下框23的肋部23j相對的高度上能夠壓入肋部23j。 The side holding portion 42 has a size in which the lower holding portion 41 is disposed in the glass housing groove 23a of the lower frame 23, and the lower surface (frame opposing surface) 41a of the lower holding portion 41 is brought into contact with the inner longitudinal surface 23d. The side holding portion 42 protrudes upward from the accommodation fin portion 23c of the lower frame 23, but the height is lower than the communication hole 24f formed in the vertical frame 24. The width of the side holding portion 42 has substantially the same size as the lower holding portion 41. A press-fitting groove (rib press-in groove) 43 is provided in the joint portion of the side holding portion 42 and the lower holding portion 41. The press-fitting groove 43 extends in the longitudinal direction of the lower holding portion 41. The press-fitting groove 43 is configured to have a size in which the lower holding portion 41 is disposed in the glass housing groove 23a of the lower frame 23, and the lower surface 41a of the lower holding portion 41 is in contact with the inner longitudinal surface 23d. The rib 23j of the lower frame 23 can be pressed into the rib 23j at a relative height.
在該安裝塊40中,在下方保持部分41設置有下方槽狀通路44、排水孔45及彈性卡合爪部(卡合爪部)46,在側方保持部分42設置有側方槽狀通路47、導向面48及窗孔49。 In the mounting block 40, the lower holding portion 41 is provided with a lower groove-shaped passage 44, a drain hole 45, and an elastic engagement claw portion (engagement claw portion) 46, and the side holding portion 42 is provided with a side groove-shaped passage. 47. Guide surface 48 and window opening 49.
如圖5至圖8所示,下方槽狀通路44係設置於下方保持部分41的下表面41a的凹槽,沿著下方保持部分41的長度方向延伸,在下方保持部分41的下表面41a及兩端面上開口。排水孔45係用於使下方槽狀通路44與下方保持部分41的上表面(面材相對面)41b連通的槽狀的開口。在本實施方式中,將沿著下方保持部分41的短邊方向的排水孔45在下方保持部分41的長度方向上並排設置有多個。在各排水孔45設置有導向部45a。導向部45a係以開口面積從下方槽狀通路44朝向下方保持部分41的上表面41b逐漸增大的方式構成的部分。在本實施方式中,以排水孔45的開口在下方保持部分41的短邊方向整個長度上形成導向部45a。構成該導向部45a的面不需要一定是平面,也可以是彎曲的面。如圖5至圖9所示,彈性卡合爪部46係從下方槽狀通路44的內部向下方延伸的細片狀部分,形成為藉由彈性變形使得延伸端部相對於下方保持部分41的下表面41a能夠突出及進入。在本實施方式中,設置了從下方保持部分41的另一端部朝向下方以逐漸靠近一端部側的方式傾斜的彈性卡合爪部46。該彈性卡合爪部46以如下方式設置於下方保持部分41:使下方保持部分41中的設置有側方保持部分42的一個端面與下框23的端面一致之際,該彈性卡合爪部46的延伸端部配置在排水用缺口23f內部。 As shown in FIGS. 5 to 8, the lower groove-shaped passage 44 is provided in a groove of the lower surface 41a of the lower holding portion 41, and extends in the longitudinal direction of the lower holding portion 41, and the lower surface 41a of the lower holding portion 41 and Opening on both ends. The drain hole 45 is a groove-shaped opening for allowing the lower groove-shaped passage 44 to communicate with the upper surface (surface-facing surface) 41b of the lower holding portion 41. In the present embodiment, a plurality of drain holes 45 along the short side direction of the lower holding portion 41 are arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction of the lower holding portion 41. A guide portion 45a is provided in each of the drain holes 45. The guide portion 45a is a portion configured such that the opening area gradually increases from the lower groove-shaped passage 44 toward the upper surface 41b of the lower holding portion 41. In the present embodiment, the guide portion 45a is formed over the entire length of the short-side direction of the lower holding portion 41 by the opening of the drain hole 45. The surface constituting the guide portion 45a does not need to be a flat surface, and may be a curved surface. As shown in FIGS. 5 to 9, the elastic engagement claw portion 46 is a thin-like portion extending downward from the inside of the lower groove-shaped passage 44, and is formed such that the extended end portion is opposed to the lower holding portion 41 by elastic deformation. The lower surface 41a can protrude and enter. In the present embodiment, the elastic engagement claw portion 46 that is inclined from the other end portion of the lower holding portion 41 toward the lower side toward the one end portion side is provided. The elastic engagement claw portion 46 is provided to the lower holding portion 41 in such a manner that one end surface of the lower holding portion 41 in which the side holding portion 42 is provided coincides with the end surface of the lower frame 23, the elastic engagement claw portion The extended end portion of 46 is disposed inside the drain recess 23f.
如圖5至圖8所示,側方槽狀通路47係設置於側方保持部分42的外側面(框架相對面)42a的凹槽,沿著側方保持部分42的長度方向延伸,在側方保持部分42的外側面42a及兩端面上開口。側方槽狀通路47具有與下方槽狀通路44相同的寬度,從圖6中可以明確,在側方保持部分42與下方保持部分41的外角部相互連通。如圖6、圖7、圖9所示,導向面48係形成於側方保持部分42的內側面(面材相對面)42b的傾斜面,以側方保持部分42的板厚朝向上方而逐漸減小的方式形成。窗孔49係以從側方保持部分42的內側面42b開口至側方槽狀通路47的方式形成之矩形狀的貫通孔。 As shown in FIGS. 5 to 8, the side groove-shaped passage 47 is provided in a groove of the outer side surface (frame opposing surface) 42a of the side holding portion 42, extending along the longitudinal direction of the side holding portion 42, on the side The outer side surface 42a of the square holding portion 42 and the both end faces are open. The side groove-shaped passage 47 has the same width as the lower groove-shaped passage 44. As is clear from Fig. 6, the side holding portion 42 and the outer corner portion of the lower holding portion 41 communicate with each other. As shown in Fig. 6, Fig. 7, and Fig. 9, the guide surface 48 is formed on the inclined surface of the inner side surface (face material facing surface) 42b of the side holding portion 42, and the thickness of the side holding portion 42 is gradually upward. Formed in a reduced manner. The window hole 49 is a rectangular through hole formed to open from the inner side surface 42b of the side holding portion 42 to the side groove-shaped passage 47.
如上所述構成的安裝塊40在預先安裝於下框23兩端部的狀態下安裝到玻璃21的下緣部,然後將縱框24安裝到玻璃21的側緣部,藉此成為下方保持部分41夾設在下框23與玻璃21的端面之間並且側方保持部分42夾設在縱框24與玻璃21的端面之間的狀態。在將安裝塊40安裝於下框23時,將下方保持部分41從下框23的端面壓入到玻璃收容槽23a的內部縱深面23d與肋部23j之間即可。 The mounting block 40 configured as described above is attached to the lower edge portion of the glass 21 in a state of being attached to both end portions of the lower frame 23, and then the vertical frame 24 is attached to the side edge portion of the glass 21, thereby serving as a lower holding portion. 41 is interposed between the lower frame 23 and the end surface of the glass 21 and the side holding portion 42 is interposed between the vertical frame 24 and the end surface of the glass 21. When the mounting block 40 is attached to the lower frame 23, the lower holding portion 41 may be press-fitted from the end surface of the lower frame 23 between the inner longitudinal surface 23d of the glass receiving groove 23a and the rib 23j.
換言之,將下方保持部分41從下框23的端面壓入時,玻璃收容槽23a的內部縱深面23d與肋部23j的間隙變成導引而使下方保持部分41逐漸***到內部。此期間,彈性卡合爪部46被內部縱深面23d按壓,藉由發生彈性變形而 成為向下方保持部分41的下表面41a的上方撓曲的狀態。然後,肋部23j被壓入到壓入槽43中,成為下方保持部分41相對於下框23向上方的移動被阻止的狀態。在下方保持部分41的端面與下框23的端面一致時彈性卡合爪部46與下框23的排水用缺口23f一致,藉由彈性恢復力而成為向其內部突出的狀態。在該狀態下,彈性卡合爪部46的延伸端部與排水用缺口23f的開口周緣部相對,其結果,阻止下方保持部分41向脫離下框23的方向移動。 In other words, when the lower holding portion 41 is pushed in from the end surface of the lower frame 23, the gap between the inner longitudinal surface 23d of the glass receiving groove 23a and the rib portion 23j is guided, and the lower holding portion 41 is gradually inserted into the inside. During this period, the elastic engagement claw portion 46 is pressed by the inner longitudinal surface 23d by elastic deformation. It is in a state of being deflected upward of the lower surface 41a of the lower holding portion 41. Then, the rib 23j is press-fitted into the press-fitting groove 43, and the upward movement of the lower holding portion 41 with respect to the lower frame 23 is prevented. When the end surface of the lower holding portion 41 coincides with the end surface of the lower frame 23, the elastic engagement claw portion 46 coincides with the drainage notch 23f of the lower frame 23, and is in a state of protruding toward the inside thereof by the elastic restoring force. In this state, the extending end portion of the elastic engagement claw portion 46 faces the opening peripheral edge portion of the drain recess 23f, and as a result, the lower holding portion 41 is prevented from moving in the direction away from the lower frame 23.
藉此,在自該狀態使玻璃21收容到下框23的玻璃收容槽23a中之際,安裝塊40也不會從下框23脫落。此外,由於形成於安裝塊40的側方保持部分42的導向面48成為導引,所以將玻璃21收容到玻璃收容槽23a中時的作業也變得容易。 Thereby, when the glass 21 is accommodated in the glass receiving groove 23a of the lower frame 23 from this state, the mounting block 40 does not fall off from the lower frame 23. Further, since the guide surface 48 formed on the side holding portion 42 of the mounting block 40 is guided, the work for accommodating the glass 21 in the glass housing groove 23a is also easy.
在如上所述使安裝塊40夾設在下框23與玻璃21之間以及縱框24與玻璃21之間的門窗中,不僅能夠保持玻璃21不晃動,還能夠防止來自外部的衝擊直接傳遞給玻璃21,藉此能夠提高玻璃21的耐衝擊性。而且,如上所述,由於夾設在下框23與玻璃21之間的下方保持部分41以及夾設在縱框24與玻璃21之間的側方保持部分42是一體的,所以也不會使組裝門窗時的作業變得複雜。 In the door and window between the lower frame 23 and the glass 21 and between the vertical frame 24 and the glass 21 as described above, not only can the glass 21 be kept not shaken, but also the impact from the outside can be prevented from being directly transmitted to the glass. 21, whereby the impact resistance of the glass 21 can be improved. Further, as described above, since the lower holding portion 41 interposed between the lower frame 23 and the glass 21 and the side holding portion 42 interposed between the vertical frame 24 and the glass 21 are integrated, assembly is not caused. The work at the door and window becomes complicated.
而且,下方保持部分41的下方槽狀通路44與側方保 持部分42的側方槽狀通路47相互連通且在玻璃收容槽23a、24a的內部縱深面23d、24d開口,藉此不會有妨礙滲入到玻璃收容槽23a、24a中的水移動、妨礙下框23的玻璃收容槽23a與縱框24的玻璃收容槽24a之間通氣的可能性。藉此,下框23的玻璃收容槽23a及縱框24的玻璃收容槽24a藉由經由縱框24的連通孔24f、下框23的排水用缺口23f導入的空氣能夠維持與外部空氣大致等壓的狀態,能夠防止水滲入到玻璃收容槽23a、24a中。此外,滲入到縱框24的玻璃收容槽24a、下框23的玻璃收容槽23a中的水藉由側方槽狀通路47及下方槽狀通路44、或者藉由下方保持部分41的排水孔45被可靠地引導至下框23的排水用缺口23f,從排水用缺口23f經由收容有門窗滑輪單元30的收容孔23h高效地排出到外部。 Moreover, the lower groove passage 44 of the lower holding portion 41 and the side protection The side groove-shaped passages 47 of the holding portion 42 communicate with each other and open on the inner longitudinal surfaces 23d and 24d of the glass housing grooves 23a and 24a, thereby preventing the water from penetrating into the glass housing grooves 23a and 24a from moving and obstructing. There is a possibility that the glass housing groove 23a of the frame 23 and the glass housing groove 24a of the vertical frame 24 are ventilated. Thereby, the glass receiving groove 23a of the lower frame 23 and the glass receiving groove 24a of the vertical frame 24 can be maintained substantially equal to the outside air by the air introduced through the communication hole 24f of the vertical frame 24 and the drain recess 23f of the lower frame 23. The state prevents water from penetrating into the glass housing grooves 23a, 24a. Further, the water that has penetrated into the glass receiving groove 24a of the vertical frame 24 and the glass receiving groove 23a of the lower frame 23 passes through the side groove-shaped passage 47 and the lower groove-shaped passage 44, or the drain hole 45 of the lower holding portion 41. The drain recess 23f that is reliably guided to the lower frame 23 is efficiently discharged to the outside from the drain recess 23f via the receiving hole 23h in which the window pulley unit 30 is housed.
另外,在上述的實施方式中例示了推拉窗,不過也能夠同樣地應用於平開窗或滑出窗、固定窗等其他形式的門窗。在固定窗的情況下,不需要一定使面材保持構件夾設在框與玻璃之間,也可以使面材保持構件夾設在邊框與玻璃之間。此外,作為面材例示了玻璃,不過也能夠應用於玻璃以外的面材。另外,僅在下框23設置排水用缺口23f,不過也可以僅在縱框24的下方部分設置排水用缺口,也可以在兩種框中都設置排水用缺口。 Further, in the above-described embodiment, the sliding window is exemplified, but the same can be applied to other types of doors and windows such as a casement window, a slide-out window, and a fixed window. In the case of a fixed window, it is not necessary to have the face material holding member interposed between the frame and the glass, and the face material holding member may be interposed between the frame and the glass. Moreover, although glass is illustrated as a surface material, it can apply also to the surface material other than glass. Further, the drain recess 23f is provided only in the lower frame 23, but the drain recess may be provided only in the lower portion of the vertical frame 24, or the drain recess may be provided in both frames.
此外,在上述的實施方式中,由於在側方保持部分42 設置窗孔49,所以還藉由窗孔49確保下框23與縱框24之間的通氣,能夠可靠地使玻璃收容槽23a、24a為與外部空氣大致等壓的狀態,但窗孔49也不是一定要設置。 Further, in the above embodiment, since the side holding portion 42 is Since the window hole 49 is provided, the ventilation between the lower frame 23 and the vertical frame 24 is ensured by the window hole 49, and the glass accommodation grooves 23a and 24a can be reliably pressed with the outside air, but the window hole 49 is also Not necessarily set.
而且,由於在上述的實施方式中,以從一對收容翅片部23c的彼此相對的部位突出的方式設置沿著下框23的長度方向延伸的肋部23j,該一對收容翅片部23c構成下框23的玻璃收容槽23a,將安裝塊40的下方保持部分41形成為能夠壓入到肋部23j與內部縱深面23d之間的尺寸,並且在側方保持部分42中的與下方保持部分41的連結部形成有供肋部23j被壓入的壓入槽43,而且,由於在下方保持部分41中的與下框23相對的部位形成彈性卡合爪部46且在下框23中的與彈性卡合爪部46對應的部位形成排水用缺口23f,使彈性卡合爪部46與排水用缺口23f的開口周緣部卡合,藉此不需要用於安裝的構件,就能夠使安裝塊40保持在下框23。然而,本發明不局限於此,也可以用螺釘固定安裝塊40或者使用雙面膠或黏接劑黏接安裝塊40。 Further, in the above-described embodiment, the rib portion 23j extending in the longitudinal direction of the lower frame 23 is provided so as to protrude from the portion where the pair of storage fin portions 23c face each other, and the pair of accommodation fin portions 23c The glass receiving groove 23a constituting the lower frame 23 is formed such that the lower holding portion 41 of the mounting block 40 is press-fitted into the space between the rib 23j and the inner longitudinal surface 23d, and is held in the lower side of the side holding portion 42. The joint portion of the portion 41 is formed with a press-fitting groove 43 into which the rib portion 23j is press-fitted, and the elastic engagement claw portion 46 is formed in the lower frame 23 at a portion of the lower holding portion 41 opposed to the lower frame 23. The portion corresponding to the elastic engagement claw portion 46 is formed with a drain recess 23f, and the elastic engagement claw portion 46 is engaged with the peripheral edge portion of the opening of the drain recess 23f, thereby making it possible to mount the block without requiring a member for mounting. 40 remains in the lower frame 23. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the mounting block 40 may be fixed by screws or the mounting block 40 may be bonded using a double-sided tape or an adhesive.
21‧‧‧玻璃 21‧‧‧ glass
23d‧‧‧內部縱深面 23d‧‧‧Internal depth
23e‧‧‧支承壁部 23e‧‧‧Support wall
23j‧‧‧肋部 23j‧‧‧ ribs
23f‧‧‧排水用缺口 23f‧‧‧Drainage gap
24d‧‧‧內部縱深面 24d‧‧‧Internal depth
24e‧‧‧支承壁部 24e‧‧‧ support wall
24f‧‧‧連通孔 24f‧‧‧Connected holes
40‧‧‧安裝塊 40‧‧‧Installation block
41‧‧‧下方保持部分 41‧‧‧ Keeping part below
41a‧‧‧下表面 41a‧‧‧lower surface
41b‧‧‧上表面 41b‧‧‧ upper surface
42‧‧‧側方保持部分 42‧‧‧ side keeping part
42a‧‧‧外側面 42a‧‧‧Outside
42b‧‧‧內側面 42b‧‧‧ inside
44‧‧‧下方槽狀通路 44‧‧‧ below trough path
45‧‧‧排水孔 45‧‧‧Drainage holes
45a‧‧‧導向部 45a‧‧‧Director
46‧‧‧彈性卡合爪部 46‧‧‧Flexible clamping claws
47‧‧‧側方槽狀通路 47‧‧‧Side grooved passage
48‧‧‧導向面 48‧‧‧ Guide surface
49‧‧‧窗孔 49‧‧‧ window hole
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015026617A JP6374802B2 (en) | 2015-02-13 | 2015-02-13 | Face material holding parts and joinery |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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TWI544134B true TWI544134B (en) | 2016-08-01 |
TW201629320A TW201629320A (en) | 2016-08-16 |
Family
ID=56687784
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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TW104141915A TWI544134B (en) | 2015-02-13 | 2015-12-14 | Facing retaining members and doors and windows |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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JP (1) | JP6374802B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN105888462B (en) |
TW (1) | TWI544134B (en) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP7105603B2 (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2022-07-25 | 不二サッシ株式会社 | Glass shoji and window equipment |
JP7284081B2 (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2023-05-30 | Ykk Ap株式会社 | curtain wall unit |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5592884U (en) * | 1978-12-21 | 1980-06-27 | ||
JPH0411119Y2 (en) * | 1987-05-28 | 1992-03-18 | ||
US4852312A (en) * | 1988-12-23 | 1989-08-01 | Plastmo Ltd. | Window frame assembly |
JPH06193349A (en) * | 1992-12-21 | 1994-07-12 | Y K K Architect Prod Kk | Setting block for sash |
JPH1025969A (en) * | 1996-07-12 | 1998-01-27 | Tateyama Alum Ind Co Ltd | Upper and lower positional adjusting tool for fixed screen in sash |
JP3995627B2 (en) * | 2003-04-07 | 2007-10-24 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | Support member for flat glass body |
AU2007264393B2 (en) * | 2006-06-26 | 2011-12-01 | Jorgenson-Watts Ip Pty Ltd | Improvements in structures and wings |
EP2672055A1 (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2013-12-11 | OKNOPLAST Spolka z ograniczona odpowiedzialnoscia | Corner joint for joining profiles |
CN202913877U (en) * | 2012-10-08 | 2013-05-01 | 武汉丽岛科技有限公司 | Door and window frame and doors and windows with same |
-
2015
- 2015-02-13 JP JP2015026617A patent/JP6374802B2/en active Active
- 2015-12-09 CN CN201510903308.1A patent/CN105888462B/en active Active
- 2015-12-14 TW TW104141915A patent/TWI544134B/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP6374802B2 (en) | 2018-08-15 |
JP2016148220A (en) | 2016-08-18 |
TW201629320A (en) | 2016-08-16 |
CN105888462B (en) | 2018-01-26 |
CN105888462A (en) | 2016-08-24 |
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