TWI536951B - Method for determining variations among multiple three-dimensional stone images extracorporeally and computer program using the same - Google Patents
Method for determining variations among multiple three-dimensional stone images extracorporeally and computer program using the same Download PDFInfo
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本發明係有關於一種在體外判斷多幅三維結石影像間之差異之方法，特別是指對多幅三維結石影像執行紋理特徵值的運算，並經由紋理特徵值判定多幅三維結石影像間差異的方法，以及安裝有在體外判斷多幅三維結石影像間之差異之方法的電腦程式產品。 The invention relates to a method for judging the difference between a plurality of three-dimensional stone images in vitro, in particular to performing texture eigenvalue calculation on a plurality of three-dimensional stone images, and determining differences between the plurality of three-dimensional stone images via texture feature values. The method, and a computer program product having a method of determining a difference between a plurality of three-dimensional stone images in vitro.
隨著生活品質的提升，目前一般人飲食的習慣大多都偏向多油、高蛋白甚至是精緻飲食，但上述的飲食都易造成人體的負擔，進而衍生出許多病痛。最直接關係的就是排毒的腎臟器官，腎臟屬於泌尿系統的一部分，負責過濾血液中的雜質、維持體液和電解質的平衡，最後產生尿液經由泌尿系統排出體外，而腎臟中最常見的病痛即為腎結石，腎結石是尿液中的礦物質結晶沈積在腎臟裡，有時會移動到輸尿管。它們的體積小至沙粒般，也有些大到像個高爾夫球。較小的腎結石常會隨尿液排出體外，但如果直徑增加到數毫米，可能會堵住輸尿管，造成尿液受阻，引起劇烈腰痛，有時疼痛會延伸到下腹部或腹股溝。 With the improvement of the quality of life, most people's eating habits tend to be oily, high-protein and even delicate diets. However, the above-mentioned diets are easy to cause the burden on the human body, which in turn leads to many diseases. The most direct relationship is the detoxification of the kidneys. The kidneys are part of the urinary system. They are responsible for filtering impurities in the blood, maintaining the balance between body fluids and electrolytes, and finally producing urine excreted through the urinary system. The most common disease in the kidneys is Kidney stones, kidney stones are mineral crystals in the urine that are deposited in the kidneys and sometimes move to the ureters. They are as small as sand and some as big as a golf ball. Smaller kidney stones are often excreted in the urine, but if the diameter increases to a few millimeters, it may block the ureter, causing obstruction of the urine, causing severe low back pain, and sometimes the pain extends to the lower abdomen or groin.
然而，腎結石可以用體外震波碎石術治療，對身體的傷害極小，而且一般都不用住院。有些無法用震波解決的結石則需要用內視鏡，如輸尿管 鏡等，只有極少數的患者需要用傳統開刀的方式取出結石，大多是因為結石體積太大，而開刀也有一項優點，就是結石通常能完整地取出。 However, kidney stones can be treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, which has minimal damage to the body and is generally not hospitalized. Some stones that cannot be solved with shock waves require an endoscope, such as a ureter. Mirrors, etc., only a very small number of patients need to use traditional knife to remove stones, mostly because the stone is too large, and the knife has an advantage, that is, the stone can usually be taken out completely.
但傳統已知體外震波碎石術治療仍有以下之缺失： However, traditionally known extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment still has the following defects:
1、傳統已知體外震波碎石治療過程中，無法立即得知人體內結石震碎情況，大多都是醫護人員由術前的X光片或超音波影像預先做結石體積及位置的判斷，再依照經驗評估結石影像之變化而決定震波碎石治療的停止時機。 1. Traditionally known extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment, it is impossible to immediately know the situation of stone breakage in the human body. Most of the medical personnel judge the volume and position of the stone in advance by preoperative X-ray film or ultrasonic image, and then according to Experience to assess changes in the image of the stone determines the timing of the stoppage of the shock wave lithotripsy.
2、震波碎石過程中，由於腎臟會隨著患者呼吸而移動，造成結石跟著移動而影響碎石效果。若結石震碎的程度不足，將無法順利地從尿道排出，並造成疼痛與腎水腫。 2. During the process of shock wave lithotripsy, the kidney will move with the patient's breathing, causing the stone to follow the movement and affect the gravel effect. If the stone is not broken enough, it will not be able to drain smoothly from the urethra and cause pain and kidney edema.
為了解決上述震波碎石過程中，由於腎臟會隨著患者呼吸而移動，造成結石跟著移動，進而造成無法有效追蹤到結石之缺失，本發明人在已核准之中華民國專利公告號「I414267」之體外震波碎石機之3D超音波影像追蹤系統中特別提到，透過預先在電腦系統中建構一病患之3D超音波結石影像資料庫，係以2D超音波掃描儀逐步掃描病患之結石超音波影像切面，並且將掃描所得到之所有2D超音波影像切面重組，構成3D超音波影像資料庫，此時3D超音波影像將作為3D追蹤系統的參考資料庫，之後將碎石治療時所掃描到之即時擷取的2D超音波結石影像切面來與前述之3D超音波結石影像資料庫作比對及分析相關性與最佳位置，使得病患之結石可以即時移動到體外震波碎石機之震波聚焦點內而得以最佳之正確位置進行碎石治療。但此件專利案僅在說明如何有效的追蹤患者體內的結石位置，並無法對建構出的3D超音波結石影像進行後續的分析作業。 In order to solve the above-mentioned shock wave lithotripsy process, the inventors have approved the Republic of China Patent Publication No. "I414267" because the kidneys move with the patient's breathing, causing the stones to follow and move, thereby causing the inability to effectively track the lack of stones. In the 3D ultrasonic image tracking system of the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter, it is specifically mentioned that the 3D ultrasonic calculus image database of a patient is constructed in advance in a computer system, and the patient is gradually scanned by a 2D ultrasonic scanner. The sound image is cut into planes, and all the 2D ultrasonic image cuts obtained by the scan are reconstructed to form a 3D ultrasonic image database. At this time, the 3D ultrasonic image will be used as a reference database of the 3D tracking system, and then scanned during the lithotripsy treatment. The 2D ultrasonic stone image cut surface that is captured immediately is compared with the aforementioned 3D ultrasonic stone image database to analyze the correlation and the optimal position, so that the patient's stones can be instantly moved to the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter. The gravel is treated in the best position at the focal point of the shock wave. However, this patent case only shows how to effectively track the position of the stone in the patient, and can not carry out subsequent analysis of the constructed 3D ultrasound stone image.
雖然目前在腎結石臨床的治療中，已有三維的掃描設備能顯現患者體內治療狀況，但礙於目前技術影像技術的限制，導致醫師無法在體外判斷三維影像與結石的碎裂程度的相關聯性。 Although in the clinical treatment of kidney stones, there are three-dimensional scanning devices that can show the treatment status in patients, but due to the limitations of current technical imaging techniques, doctors cannot determine the correlation between three-dimensional images and the degree of fragmentation of stones in vitro. Sex.
為了解決上述的缺失，本發明人研發出一種在體外判斷多幅三維結石影像間之差異之方法，係根據在對人體執行碎石過程中，對結石部位所依序獲得的多幅之三維結石影像，在人體外執行以下步驟：A.由一處理單元對該多幅的三維結石影像，依取得時間之先後順序分別逐一執行一運算程序，該運算程序係分別以一熵(Entropy)紋理運算式或一逆差矩(IDM)紋理運算式計算每一三維結石影像之一紋理特徵值，其中該熵(Entropy)紋理運算式係定義為E=-Σ i,j P(i,j)log P(i,j)，而該逆差矩(IDM)紋理運算式係定義為，其中，又該i,j為影像灰階像素值，該C(i,j)係為(i,j)在條件為像素間的間格距離d和角度θ組合下所出現的次數；B.當該該熵(Entropy)紋理運算式或該逆差矩(IDM)紋理運算式所計算的紋理特徵值實質上不再變化時，由該處理單元輸出一提示訊號。 In order to solve the above-mentioned deficiency, the inventors have developed a method for judging the difference between a plurality of three-dimensional stone images in vitro, which is based on a plurality of three-dimensional stones sequentially obtained in the process of performing the crushing stone on the human body. The image is performed outside the human body by the following steps: A. A plurality of three-dimensional stone images are processed by a processing unit, and an operation program is respectively executed one by one according to the order of time of acquisition, and the operation program is respectively operated by an entropy texture. Or an inverse moment (IDM) texture operator calculates a texture feature value for each three-dimensional stone image, wherein the entropy texture algorithm is defined as E=-Σ i,j P ( i,j )log P ( i,j ), and the inverse moment (IDM) texture expression is defined as ,among them And i, j is a grayscale pixel value of the image, and the C(i, j) is the number of occurrences of (i, j) under the condition that the interval between the pixels is d and the angle θ; When the entropy texture expression or the texture feature value calculated by the IDM texture expression does not substantially change, the processing unit outputs a prompt signal.
本發明也是一種電腦程式產品，係將一應用程式安裝於一電腦上，使該電腦執行上述在體外判斷多幅三維結石影像間之差異之方法。 The present invention is also a computer program product for installing an application on a computer to cause the computer to perform the above-described method of determining the difference between a plurality of three-dimensional stone images in vitro.
其中每一三維結石影像係為擷取多幅二維超音波影像建構而成，並在每一三維結石影像中選取一有效區域執行前述運算程序。 Each of the three-dimensional stone images is constructed by taking a plurality of two-dimensional ultrasonic images, and an effective region is selected in each three-dimensional stone image to execute the foregoing operation program.
本發明之在體外判斷多幅三維結石影像間之差異之方法以及執行在體外判斷多幅三維結石影像間之差異之方法的電腦程式產品具有下列之功效： The method for determining the difference between a plurality of three-dimensional stone images in vitro and the computer program product for performing the method for determining the difference between the plurality of three-dimensional stone images in vitro have the following effects:
1、即使結石隨著人體的呼吸作用而移位，還是能透過本發明掃描多幅二維結石超音波影像並轉換為三維結石影像，藉此能在手術過程中更準 確的定位到結石位置。 1. Even if the stone is displaced by the respiration of the human body, it is still possible to scan a plurality of two-dimensional stone ultrasonic images and convert them into three-dimensional stone images through the invention, thereby being more accurate during the operation. Definitely positioned to the stone position.
2、利用熵(Entropy)紋理運算式或逆差矩(IDM)紋理運算式對具有不同碎裂程度的多幅三維結石影像進行運算，再透過運算後之紋理特徵值判斷是否達到預設的條件，藉此得知三維結石影像間的差異變化，進而提供給醫護人員作為停止震波的時機的參考。同時可以避免結石碎裂程度不足以由尿道排出，進而造成日後有復發的可能性，或是已完成碎石成效而未即時停止震波擊發程序，造成非必要之副作用，更嚴重的甚至造成腎痿縮、***。 2. Entropy texture operation or IDM texture operation is used to calculate a plurality of three-dimensional stone images with different degrees of fragmentation, and then the calculated texture feature values are used to determine whether the preset condition is reached. In this way, the change in the difference between the three-dimensional stone images is obtained, and then provided to the medical staff as a reference for stopping the shock wave. At the same time, it can avoid the degree of stone fragmentation is not enough to be discharged from the urethra, which may cause the possibility of recurrence in the future, or the completion of the gravel effect without stopping the shock wave firing procedure, causing unnecessary side effects and even causing renal pelvis. Contraction, uremia.
(1)‧‧‧超音波掃描儀 (1)‧‧‧Ultrasonic scanner
(11)‧‧‧超音波探頭 (11)‧‧‧Ultrasonic probe
(12)‧‧‧第一運動機構 (12) ‧‧‧First Sports Agency
(13)‧‧‧第二運動機構 (13) ‧‧‧Second sports institutions
(2)‧‧‧床台 (2)‧‧‧ Beds
(21)‧‧‧滑移平台 (21)‧‧‧Slide platform
(3)‧‧‧處理單元 (3) ‧‧‧Processing unit
(31)‧‧‧螢幕 (31)‧‧‧Screen
(4)‧‧‧震波產生裝置 (4) ‧‧‧shock generator
(F2)‧‧‧結石聚焦點 (F2) ‧ ‧ stone focus point
[第一圖]係為本發明之在體外判斷多幅三維結石影像間之差異之方法的步驟流程圖。 [First Image] is a flow chart showing the steps of the method for judging the difference between a plurality of three-dimensional stone images in vitro.
[第二圖]係為本發明之執行在體外判斷多幅三維結石影像間之差異之方法的醫療器材架構示意圖。 [Second image] is a schematic diagram of a medical device architecture for performing a method for determining a difference between a plurality of three-dimensional stone images in vitro.
[第三圖]係為本發明之3D結石切片影像示意圖。 [Third image] is a schematic view of a 3D stone slice image of the present invention.
[第四圖]係為本發明之利用該熵(Entropy)紋理運算式計算具有不同該結石碎裂程度的三維結石影像之圖表。 [Fourth figure] is a chart for calculating a three-dimensional stone image having different degrees of fragmentation of the stone using the entropy texture calculation formula of the present invention.
[第五圖]係為本發明之利用該逆差矩(IDM)紋理運算式計算具有不同該結石碎裂程度的三維結石影像之圖表。 [Fifth Graph] is a graph for calculating a three-dimensional stone image having different degrees of fragmentation of the stone using the inverse moment (IDM) texture calculation formula of the present invention.
本發明係為一種在體外判斷多幅三維結石影像間之差異之方法，特別是指在體外透過運算該三維結石影像取得一紋理特徵值，再由紋理特徵值判斷每一三維結石影像的差異。雖然在本實施例中應用的領域為醫學領域中的結石治療，但本發明之在體外判斷多幅三維結石影像間之差異之方法僅在由紋 理特徵值判斷每一三維結石影像的差異，並非直接判定腎結石的治療狀況，所獲得的資訊僅為中間結果，並無法直接獲得疾病之診斷結果，因此本發明之在體外判斷多幅三維結石影像間之差異之方法不屬於法定不與發明專利之標的。 The invention is a method for judging the difference between a plurality of three-dimensional stone images in vitro, in particular, obtaining a texture feature value by calculating the three-dimensional stone image in vitro, and determining the difference of each three-dimensional stone image by the texture feature value. Although the field of application in this embodiment is stone treatment in the medical field, the method for determining the difference between multiple three-dimensional stone images in vitro is only in the pattern. The eigenvalue determines the difference of each three-dimensional stone image, and does not directly determine the treatment status of the kidney stone. The obtained information is only an intermediate result, and the diagnosis result of the disease cannot be directly obtained. Therefore, the present invention determines a plurality of three-dimensional stones in vitro. The method of discrepancies between images is not subject to statutory and invention patents.
請接續參閱第一圖所示，圖中係說明本發明之在體外判斷多幅三維結石影像間之差異之方法的步驟流程圖，特別說明該方法係根據在對人體執行碎石過程中，對結石部位所依序獲得的多幅之三維結石影像，在人體外執行以下步驟： Please refer to the first figure, which is a flow chart showing the steps of the method for judging the difference between a plurality of three-dimensional stone images in vitro, in particular, the method is based on performing the crushing process on the human body, The plurality of three-dimensional stone images obtained in sequence at the stone site are subjected to the following steps outside the human body:
A.由一處理單元對該多幅的三維結石影像，依取得時間之先後順序分別逐一執行一運算程序，該運算程序係分別以一熵(Entropy)紋理運算式或一逆差矩(IDM)紋理運算式計算每一三維結石影像之一紋理特徵值，其中該熵(Entropy)紋理運算式係定義為E=-Σ i,j P(i,j)log P(i,j)，而該逆差矩(IDM)紋理運算式係定義為，其中，又該i,j為影像灰階像素值，該C(i,j)係為(i,j)在條件為像素間的間格距離d和角度θ組合下所出現的次數。 A. A plurality of three-dimensional stone images are processed by a processing unit, and an operation program is respectively executed one by one according to the order of obtaining time, and the operation program is respectively an entropy texture operation method or an inverse error moment (IDM) texture. The expression calculates a texture feature value of each three-dimensional stone image, wherein the entropy texture expression is defined as E=-Σ i,j P ( i,j )log P ( i,j ), and the deficit The moment (IDM) texture expression is defined as ,among them And i, j is a grayscale pixel value of the image, and the C(i, j) is the number of occurrences of (i, j) under the condition of the combination of the inter-frame distance d and the angle θ between the pixels.
B.該處理單元執行一檢測程序，該檢測程序係讀取多幅三維結石影像以該熵(Entropy)紋理運算式或該逆差矩(IDM)紋理運算式計算的紋理特徵值，其中利用該熵(Entropy)紋理運算式計算之紋理特徵值，其該紋理特徵值與該結石碎裂程度呈正比，而利用該逆差矩(IDM)紋理運算式計算之紋理特徵值，其該紋理特徵值與該結石碎裂程度呈反比，當該檢測程序偵測到以該熵(Entropy)紋理運算式或以該逆差矩(IDM)紋理運算式所計算的紋理特徵值不再變化時，由該處理單元發出一提示訊號。 B. The processing unit performs a detection process for reading a plurality of three-dimensional stone images with the entropy texture operation or the texture eigenvalue calculated by the inverse error (IDM) texture operation, wherein the entropy is utilized (Entropy) a texture eigenvalue calculated by a texture expression, wherein the texture eigenvalue is proportional to the degree of fragmentation of the stone, and the texture eigenvalue calculated by the error matrix (IDM) texture expression, the texture eigenvalue and the The degree of stone fragmentation is inversely proportional. When the detection program detects that the texture feature value calculated by the entropy texture operation formula or the error matrix (IDM) texture expression does not change, the processing unit issues A reminder signal.
其中每一三維結石影像係為擷取多幅二維超音波影像建構而成，並在每一三維結石影像中選取一有效區域執行前述運算程序。 Each of the three-dimensional stone images is constructed by taking a plurality of two-dimensional ultrasonic images, and an effective region is selected in each three-dimensional stone image to execute the foregoing operation program.
請接續參閱第二圖所示，圖中係表示本發明之三維結石影像碎裂程度之方法的實施例，包含有一超音波掃描儀(1)、一床台(2)、一處理單元(3)、一連結該處理單元(3)之螢幕(31)及一震波產生裝置(4)。 Please refer to the second figure, which shows an embodiment of the method for image fragmentation of the three-dimensional stone of the present invention, comprising an ultrasonic scanner (1), a bed (2), and a processing unit (3). a screen (31) connecting the processing unit (3) and a seismic generating device (4).
所述超音波掃描儀(1)設置在該床台(2)周圍，且超音波掃描儀(1)包含有一超音波探頭(11)、一第一運動機構(12)及一第二運動機構(13)，藉由該第一運動機構(12)及該第二運動機構(13)使該超音波探頭(11)能移動至任一個擷取影像位置，並透過該超音波探頭(11)掃描影像並傳輸至該處理單元(3)。 The ultrasonic scanner (1) is disposed around the bed (2), and the ultrasonic scanner (1) comprises an ultrasonic probe (11), a first motion mechanism (12) and a second motion mechanism. (13), the first motion mechanism (12) and the second motion mechanism (13) enable the ultrasonic probe (11) to be moved to any of the captured image positions and transmitted through the ultrasonic probe (11) The image is scanned and transmitted to the processing unit (3).
所述床台(2)用以供病患躺臥，該床台(2)具有一滑移平台(21)，該滑移平台(21)受該處理單元(3)之控制，用以控制該床台(2)之移動。 The bed (2) is for lying on the patient, the bed (2) has a sliding platform (21), and the sliding platform (21) is controlled by the processing unit (3) for controlling The bed (2) moves.
所述處理單元，用以接收該超音波掃描儀(1)所傳輸的影像，進而模擬出一三維結石影像，並將該三維結石影像呈現在該螢幕(31)上。 The processing unit is configured to receive an image transmitted by the ultrasonic scanner (1), thereby simulating a three-dimensional stone image, and presenting the three-dimensional stone image on the screen (31).
所述震波產生裝置(4)，用以對一結石聚焦點(F2)施以震波處理，進行碎石治療。 The shock wave generating device (4) is configured to perform a seismic wave treatment on a stone focusing point (F2) for gravel treatment.
請再次參閱第一圖及第二圖所示，並搭配上述說明的醫療器材以及執行在體外判斷多幅三維結石影像間之差異之方法，說明如下： 首先，醫療人員使用該超音波掃描儀(1)逐次對體外震波手術的患者進行多幅二維超音波影像掃描(每進行一次體外震波即擷取多幅二維超音波影像)。再透過該處理單元(3)將多幅二維超音波影像建構出多張的具有不同碎裂程度的三維結石影像。其中，取得重組三維結石影像之二維超音波影像切片掃描方式可為水平、弧形、旋轉角度或垂直掃描。 Please refer to the first and second figures again, together with the medical equipment described above and the method of performing the difference between multiple three-dimensional stone images in vitro, as follows: First, medical personnel use the ultrasonic scanner (1) to successively scan multiple two-dimensional ultrasound images of patients undergoing extracorporeal shock surgery (multiple two-dimensional ultrasound images are acquired for each extracorporeal shock wave). Through the processing unit (3), a plurality of two-dimensional ultrasonic images are constructed into a plurality of three-dimensional stone images with different degrees of fragmentation. Among them, the two-dimensional ultrasonic image slice scanning method for obtaining the reconstructed three-dimensional stone image can be horizontal, curved, rotating angle or vertical scanning.
然後再由該處理單元(3)根據該等三維結石影像根據結石位置選取出一有效區域，詳細的選取畫面請參閱第三圖所示。 Then, the processing unit (3) selects an effective area according to the position of the stone according to the three-dimensional stone image, and the detailed selection picture is shown in the third figure.
當選取出該有效區域後，該處理單元(3)在體外對該等三維結石影像的有效區域執行一運算程序，該運算程序係分別以一熵(Entropy)紋理運算式或一逆差矩(IDM)紋理運算式計算每一三維結石影像之一紋理特徵值，其中該熵(Entropy)紋理運算式係定義為E=-Σ i,j P(i,j)log P(i,j)，而該逆差矩(IDM)紋理運算式係定義為，其中，又該i,j為影像灰階像素值，該C(i,j)係為(i,j)在條件為像素間的間格距離d和角度θ組合下所出現的次數。 After the effective area is selected, the processing unit (3) performs an operation program on the effective area of the three-dimensional stone image in vitro, and the operation program is respectively an entropy texture operation formula or an inverse error moment (IDM). The texture expression calculates one of the texture feature values of each of the three-dimensional stone images, wherein the entropy texture algorithm is defined as E=-Σ i,j P ( i,j )log P ( i,j ), and The inverse moment (IDM) texture expression is defined as ,among them And i, j is a grayscale pixel value of the image, and the C(i, j) is the number of occurrences of (i, j) under the condition of the combination of the inter-frame distance d and the angle θ between the pixels.
請參閱第四圖所示，第四圖係表示利用該熵(Entropy)紋理運算式計算具有不同該結石碎裂程度的三維結石影像之圖表，圖中可觀察到當該結石碎裂程度越高時，該紋理特徵值呈現規律的上升。當該檢測程序偵測到以該熵(Entropy)紋理運算式所計算的紋理特徵值不再變化時，該處理單元發出一提示訊號。 Referring to the fourth figure, the fourth figure shows a graph of using the entropy texture calculation formula to calculate a three-dimensional stone image with different degrees of fragmentation of the stone. It can be observed that the degree of fragmentation of the stone is higher. The texture feature value exhibits a regular rise. When the detection program detects that the texture feature value calculated by the entropy texture expression does not change, the processing unit sends a prompt signal.
又或者如第五圖所示，第五圖係表示利用該逆差矩(IDM)紋理運算式計算具有不同該結石碎裂程度的三維結石影像之圖表，圖中可觀察到當該結石碎裂程度越高時，該紋理特徵值呈現規律的下升。當該檢測程序偵測到以該逆差矩(IDM)所計算的紋理特徵值不再變化時，該處理單元亦發出該提示訊號。 Or, as shown in the fifth figure, the fifth figure shows a graph for calculating a three-dimensional stone image having different degrees of fragmentation of the stone by using the inverse moment (IDM) texture calculation formula, and the degree of fragmentation of the stone can be observed in the figure. The higher the texture feature value, the lower the regular value. When the detection program detects that the texture feature value calculated by the inverse error moment (IDM) does not change, the processing unit also issues the prompt signal.
透過前述處理單元發出之提示訊號，代表著該結石的碎裂程度達到醫護人員期望的一碎裂預設值，用以輔助判斷醫護人員能在體外分析出每一三維結石影像間的差異變化，進而作為輔助判斷震波停止時機參考。 The prompt signal sent by the processing unit indicates that the fragmentation degree of the stone reaches a predetermined preset value of the medical staff, and is used to assist the medical staff to analyze the difference between the three-dimensional stone images in vitro. Furthermore, it serves as an auxiliary reference for determining the stop timing of the shock wave.
本發明另一目的係為一種電腦程式產品，係將一應用程式安裝於一電腦上，使該電腦執行上述在體外判斷多幅三維結石影像間之差異之方法。 Another object of the present invention is a computer program product for installing an application on a computer to cause the computer to perform the above-described method of determining a difference between a plurality of three-dimensional stone images in vitro.
惟以上所述實施例僅係為本發明之較佳實施例，當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍，即依本發明申請專利範圍及發明說明內容所作簡單的等效變化與修飾，皆屬本發明涵蓋之範圍內。 However, the above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, that is, simple equivalent changes and modifications according to the scope of the present invention and the description of the invention are It is within the scope of the invention.
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