TWI534449B - Apparutus and method for measuring magnetic saturation point of energy storage device - Google Patents
Apparutus and method for measuring magnetic saturation point of energy storage device Download PDFInfo
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Description
本發明是關於儲能元件的量測裝置及其測量方法,且特別是有關於儲能元件之磁飽和點測量裝置及磁飽和點測量方法。 The present invention relates to a measuring device for an energy storage device and a measuring method thereof, and more particularly to a magnetic saturation point measuring device and a magnetic saturation point measuring method for an energy storage device.
儲能元件,例如為變壓器或電感器,通常是由繞組及磁芯所組成,具備儲能、能量轉換及電氣隔離等特性,是構成電源電路所必備的電子元件。 The energy storage component, such as a transformer or an inductor, is usually composed of a winding and a magnetic core, and has the characteristics of energy storage, energy conversion, and electrical isolation, and is an electronic component necessary for forming a power supply circuit.
在一般操作狀態下,儲能元件的磁通密度會隨著電流的增加而成正比的增加;然而,當儲能元件中的磁通密度達到特定值時,即使外加電流逐漸增加,其磁通密度依然保持不變的物理現象稱為磁飽和。簡言之,磁飽和是指儲能元件的磁通密度不再隨著外加電流的增加而明顯增大的現象。 Under normal operating conditions, the magnetic flux density of the energy storage element increases proportionally with the increase of current; however, when the magnetic flux density in the energy storage element reaches a certain value, even if the applied current gradually increases, the magnetic flux The physical phenomenon in which density remains the same is called magnetic saturation. In short, magnetic saturation means that the magnetic flux density of the energy storage element no longer increases significantly with the increase of the applied current.
當儲能元件磁飽和時,其繞組的電感量會明顯降低,造成磁芯元件或電源電路中其他元件的過熱或損壞。 When the energy storage component is magnetically saturated, the inductance of its windings is significantly reduced, causing overheating or damage to other components in the core component or power supply circuit.
本發明提供一種儲能元件之磁飽和點測量裝置,其藉由電流斜率以獲得儲能元件的磁飽和點。 The present invention provides a magnetic saturation point measuring device for an energy storage element that obtains a magnetic saturation point of an energy storage element by a current slope.
依據本發明提供一種儲能元件之磁飽和點測量裝置,用以測量儲能元件的磁飽和點。儲能元件具有操作頻率,並設在儲能元件之磁飽和點測量裝置的第一端點及第二端點之間。儲能元件之磁飽和點測量裝置包含直流電源、放電元件、開關元件、開關週期控制器、電流斜率感測器及電流斜率比較器。直流電源包含正電壓準位端及負電壓準位端,正電壓準位端連接第一端點。放電元件跨接在第一端點及該第二端點間。開關元件連接放電元件及負電壓準位端。開關週期控制器電連接於電流斜率比較器及開關元件,開關週期控制器依據操作頻率產生脈波寬度調變信號以驅使開關元件進行重複進行開啟及閉合,脈波寬度調變信號的占空比隨著時間增加而增加。電流斜率感測器耦接於第二端點,電流斜率感測器以預定頻率感測通過儲能元件的電流,並將測得的相鄰二時間點的電流轉換為電流斜率。電流斜率比較器電連接於電流斜率感測器,電流斜率比較器接收電流斜率感測器輸出的電流斜率,並比較電流斜率,其中當等電流斜率不相等時,即獲得磁飽和點。 According to the present invention, a magnetic saturation point measuring device for an energy storage element is provided for measuring a magnetic saturation point of an energy storage element. The energy storage element has an operating frequency and is disposed between the first end point and the second end point of the magnetic saturation point measuring device of the energy storage element. The magnetic saturation point measuring device of the energy storage element includes a DC power source, a discharge element, a switching element, a switching period controller, a current slope sensor, and a current slope comparator. The DC power supply includes a positive voltage level terminal and a negative voltage level terminal, and the positive voltage level terminal is connected to the first terminal end. A discharge element is bridged between the first end point and the second end point. The switching element is connected to the discharge element and the negative voltage level terminal. The switching cycle controller is electrically connected to the current slope comparator and the switching component, and the switching cycle controller generates a pulse width modulation signal according to the operating frequency to drive the switching component to repeatedly open and close, and the duty ratio of the pulse width modulation signal Increase with time. The current slope sensor is coupled to the second end point, and the current slope sensor senses the current through the energy storage element at a predetermined frequency, and converts the measured current at two adjacent time points into a current slope. The current slope comparator is electrically coupled to the current slope sensor, the current slope comparator receives the current slope of the current slope sensor output, and compares the current slope, wherein the magnetic saturation point is obtained when the equal current slopes are not equal.
根據本發明另提供一種磁飽和點測量方法,適用於測量一儲能元件的一磁飽和點,磁飽和測量方法包含如下步驟:(a)依據儲能元件的操作電壓及操作頻率提供直流電源及具有操作頻率的脈波寬度調變信號予儲能元件,其中,脈波寬度調變信號的占空比隨時間增加而逐漸提高;(b)每隔一預定時間感測導通於儲能元件的電流,並將測得的電流轉換為複數電流斜率;以及(c)比較電流斜率值,並於相鄰二電流斜率不相等時,取得儲能元件的磁飽和點。 According to the present invention, a magnetic saturation point measuring method is provided for measuring a magnetic saturation point of an energy storage component. The magnetic saturation measuring method comprises the following steps: (a) providing a DC power supply according to an operating voltage and an operating frequency of the energy storage component; a pulse width modulation signal having an operating frequency to the energy storage element, wherein the duty ratio of the pulse width modulation signal is gradually increased with time; (b) sensing the conduction to the energy storage element every predetermined time Current, and converting the measured current into a complex current slope; and (c) comparing the current slope values and obtaining a magnetic saturation point of the energy storage element when the adjacent two current slopes are not equal.
10‧‧‧儲能元件之磁飽和點測量裝置 10‧‧‧ Magnetic saturation point measuring device for energy storage components
100‧‧‧直流電源 100‧‧‧DC power supply
110‧‧‧放電元件 110‧‧‧Discharge components
120‧‧‧開關元件 120‧‧‧Switching elements
130‧‧‧開關週期控制器 130‧‧‧Switch cycle controller
140‧‧‧電流斜率感測器 140‧‧‧Current Slope Sensor
150‧‧‧電流斜率比較器 150‧‧‧current slope comparator
30‧‧‧儲能元件 30‧‧‧ Energy storage components
300‧‧‧初級繞組 300‧‧‧Primary winding
302‧‧‧次級繞組 302‧‧‧Secondary winding
a‧‧‧第一端點 A‧‧‧first endpoint
b‧‧‧第二端點 B‧‧‧second endpoint
P1‧‧‧低準位電極端 P1‧‧‧ low level electrode end
P2‧‧‧高準位電極端 P2‧‧‧ high-level electrode end
Q‧‧‧轉折點 Q‧‧‧ turning point
RL‧‧‧負載 RL‧‧ load
圖1繪示本發明的儲能元件之磁飽和點測量裝置的電路方塊圖;以及圖2繪示儲能元件的電流對時間關係圖。 1 is a circuit block diagram of a magnetic saturation point measuring device of an energy storage device of the present invention; and FIG. 2 is a current versus time relationship of the energy storage device.
請參照圖1,為本發明的儲能元件之磁飽和點測量裝置的電路方塊圖。圖1所示的儲能元件之磁飽和點測量裝置10用以測量儲能元件30的磁飽和點。其中,儲能元件30預設有操作電壓及操作頻率。儲能元件之磁飽和點測量裝置10包含連接儲能元件30的第一端點a及第二端點b。在圖1中,儲能元件30以變壓器作為說明範例,且變壓器的初級繞組300連接在第一端點a及第二端點b,變壓器的次級繞組302可通過負載RL接地。當儲能元件30為電感器時,電感器的繞組是跨接在第一端點a及第二端點b之間。 1 is a circuit block diagram of a magnetic saturation point measuring device for an energy storage device of the present invention. The magnetic saturation point measuring device 10 of the energy storage element shown in Fig. 1 is used to measure the magnetic saturation point of the energy storage element 30. The energy storage component 30 is pre-set with an operating voltage and an operating frequency. The magnetic saturation point measuring device 10 of the energy storage element includes a first end point a and a second end point b that connect the energy storage element 30. In FIG. 1, the energy storage component 30 is exemplified by a transformer, and the primary winding 300 of the transformer is connected to the first terminal a and the second terminal b, and the secondary winding 302 of the transformer can be grounded via the load RL. When the energy storage component 30 is an inductor, the winding of the inductor is bridged between the first terminal a and the second terminal b.
儲能元件之磁飽和點測量裝置10包含直流電源100、放電元件110、開關元件120、開關週期控制器130、電流斜率感測器140及電流斜率比較器150。直流電源100用以提供測量儲能元件30的磁飽和點的電壓,其中,直流電源100輸出的電壓相同於儲能元件30預設的操作電壓的峰值電壓。 The magnetic saturation point measuring device 10 of the energy storage element includes a DC power source 100, a discharge element 110, a switching element 120, a switching period controller 130, a current slope sensor 140, and a current slope comparator 150. The DC power source 100 is used to provide a voltage for measuring the magnetic saturation point of the energy storage element 30, wherein the DC power source 100 outputs a voltage equal to the peak voltage of the operating voltage preset by the energy storage element 30.
放電元件110跨接在第一端點a及第二端點b,以與儲能元件30呈並連連接。放電元件110包含低準位電極端P1及高準位電極端P2。當施加在高準位電極端P2的電力高於施加在低準位電極端P1的電力時,放電元件110呈現短路狀態,電流可由高準位電極端P2流動至 低準位電極端P1,則儲存在儲能元件30上的電能可進行放電。當施加在高準位電極端P2的電力低於施加在低準位電極端P1的電力時,放電元件110呈現開路狀態,且無電流通過放電元件110。放電元件110的低準位電極端P1電連接於直流電源100的高電壓準位端(+)及第一端點a,放電元件110的高準位電極端P2電連接於第二端點b及電流斜率感測器140。在圖1中,放電元件110是以二極體實現之,二極體的陰極(即低準位電極端)電連接於第一端點a,陽極(即高準位電極端)電連接至第二端點b。 The discharge element 110 is connected across the first end point a and the second end point b to be connected in parallel with the energy storage element 30. The discharge element 110 includes a low level electrode end P1 and a high level electrode end P2. When the electric power applied to the high-position electrode terminal P2 is higher than the electric power applied to the low-position electrode terminal P1, the discharge element 110 exhibits a short-circuit state, and the current can flow from the high-position electrode terminal P2 to The low-level electrode terminal P1 can discharge electrical energy stored on the energy storage element 30. When the electric power applied to the high-position electrode terminal P2 is lower than the electric power applied to the low-position electrode terminal P1, the discharge element 110 assumes an open state, and no current passes through the discharge element 110. The low-level electrode terminal P1 of the discharge element 110 is electrically connected to the high-voltage terminal (+) of the DC power source 100 and the first terminal a, and the high-position electrode terminal P2 of the discharge element 110 is electrically connected to the second terminal b. And a current slope sensor 140. In FIG. 1, the discharge element 110 is implemented by a diode, the cathode of the diode (ie, the low-position electrode end) is electrically connected to the first end point a, and the anode (ie, the high-position electrode end) is electrically connected to Second endpoint b.
開關元件120設在放電元件110的高準位電極端P2及直流電源100的負電壓準位端(-)之間,並接受開關週期控制器130發出的控制信號而進行開啟或閉合,其中開關週期控制器130發出的控制信號為脈衝寬度調變信號。電流斜率感測器140設在第二端點b處,用以感測通過儲能元件30的電流;其中,電流斜率感測器140可例如包含霍爾效應(Hall effect)電流感測器。電流斜率比較器150電連接於電流斜率感測器140及開關週期控制器130。 The switching element 120 is disposed between the high-level electrode terminal P2 of the discharge element 110 and the negative voltage level terminal (-) of the DC power source 100, and is controlled to be turned on or off by a control signal from the switch cycle controller 130, wherein the switch The control signal sent by the period controller 130 is a pulse width modulation signal. A current slope sensor 140 is provided at the second terminal b for sensing current through the energy storage element 30; wherein the current slope sensor 140 can comprise, for example, a Hall effect current sensor. The current slope comparator 150 is electrically coupled to the current slope sensor 140 and the switching period controller 130.
儲能元件30上的電壓值為其電感值與電流變動率的乘積,即V=L(dI/dt);其中:V為儲能元件上的電壓值;L為儲能元件的繞組的電感值;以及dI/dt為電流變動量。 The voltage value on the energy storage element 30 is the product of the inductance value and the current variation rate, that is, V=L(dI/dt); wherein: V is the voltage value on the energy storage element; L is the inductance of the winding of the energy storage element. Value; and dI/dt is the amount of current variation.
同時,在儲能元件30未達到磁飽和點之前,儲能元件30的磁通密度會隨著電流的增加而成正比的增加;亦即隨著儲能元件30的導通時間增加,導通於儲能元件30的電流會以第一斜率增加,如圖2實線所示。當儲能元件30達到磁飽和點後,由於儲能元件30的電感量下降,故導通於儲能元件30的電流會大量增加;換言之,在通過磁飽和點後,隨著儲能元件30的導通時間增加,導通於儲能元件30的電流會以大於第一斜率的第二斜率增加,如圖2虛線所示。因此,第一斜率及第二斜率間的轉折點Q,即為儲能元件30的磁飽和點。 Meanwhile, before the energy storage element 30 reaches the magnetic saturation point, the magnetic flux density of the energy storage element 30 increases proportionally with the increase of the current; that is, as the conduction time of the energy storage element 30 increases, the conduction is turned on. The current of the energy element 30 will increase with a first slope, as shown by the solid line in FIG. After the energy storage element 30 reaches the magnetic saturation point, since the inductance of the energy storage element 30 decreases, the current flowing through the energy storage element 30 increases greatly; in other words, after passing the magnetic saturation point, with the energy storage element 30 As the conduction time increases, the current conducting to the energy storage element 30 will increase with a second slope greater than the first slope, as shown by the dashed line in FIG. Therefore, the turning point Q between the first slope and the second slope is the magnetic saturation point of the energy storage element 30.
在進行儲能元件30的磁飽和點測量時,首先必須使直流電源100的輸出電壓相等於儲能元件30的預設操作電壓的峰值電壓,且開關週期控制器130必須輸出相等於儲能元件30的預設操作頻率的控制信號以驅使開關元件120重複進行開啟及閉合的動作;其中,當開關元件120閉合時,直流電源100對儲能元件30充電,則電流斜率感測器140並可測得導通於儲能元件30的電流,當開關元件120開啟時,則儲能元件30可以透過放電元件110進行放電。此外,開關週期控制器130會逐漸增加輸出的脈衝寬度調變信號的占空比(duty cycle),以增加儲能元件30的導通時間,致使導通於儲能元件30的電流可以對應提高。 When performing the magnetic saturation point measurement of the energy storage element 30, the output voltage of the DC power supply 100 must first be equal to the peak voltage of the preset operating voltage of the energy storage element 30, and the switching period controller 130 must output the same as the energy storage element. a control signal of a preset operating frequency of 30 to drive the switching element 120 to repeatedly perform an opening and closing action; wherein, when the switching element 120 is closed, the DC power source 100 charges the energy storage element 30, the current slope sensor 140 can The current that conducts through the energy storage element 30 is measured. When the switching element 120 is turned on, the energy storage element 30 can be discharged through the discharge element 110. In addition, the switching period controller 130 gradually increases the duty cycle of the output pulse width modulation signal to increase the conduction time of the energy storage element 30, so that the current conducted to the energy storage element 30 can be correspondingly increased.
接著,透過電流斜率感測器140以預定時間間隔偵測導通於儲能元件30的電流,並取得至少三個不同時間點導通於儲能元件30的電流;接著,運算相鄰二時間點間的電流斜率(即電流變化量),並將運算後的至少二個電流斜率傳遞至電流斜率比較器150。在此要特 別說明的是,因開關週期控制器130輸出的脈衝寬度調變信號的頻率相同於儲能元件30預設的操作頻率,僅是占空比不同的調整,因此,透過適當地調整電流斜率感測器140感測導通於儲能元件30的電流的預定時間間隔,便可以測得對應不同占空比的電流。 Then, the current flowing through the energy storage element 30 is detected by the current slope sensor 140 at predetermined time intervals, and the current that is conducted to the energy storage element 30 is obtained at at least three different time points; and then, the operation is performed between two adjacent time points. The current slope (ie, the amount of current change) and the calculated at least two current slopes are passed to the current slope comparator 150. Here you must It should be noted that since the frequency of the pulse width modulation signal output by the switching period controller 130 is the same as the preset operating frequency of the energy storage element 30, only the adjustment of the duty ratio is different, and therefore, the current slope is appropriately adjusted. The detector 140 senses a predetermined time interval of the current flowing through the energy storage element 30, and can measure currents corresponding to different duty cycles.
電流斜率比較器150透過比較電流斜率感測器140輸出的至少二個電流斜率,以取得儲能元件30的磁飽和點。更具體言之,電流斜率比較器150是藉由判斷前述的至少二個電流斜率是否相等,以判斷儲能元件30是否飽和;其中,若二電流斜率相等,則判斷儲能元件30未達磁飽和點,而若二電流斜率不相等,則判斷儲能元件30達到磁飽和點。 The current slope comparator 150 compares the at least two current slopes output by the current slope sensor 140 to obtain the magnetic saturation point of the energy storage element 30. More specifically, the current slope comparator 150 determines whether the energy storage element 30 is saturated by determining whether the at least two current slopes are equal; wherein if the two current slopes are equal, determining that the energy storage element 30 is not magnetic The saturation point, and if the two current slopes are not equal, it is determined that the energy storage element 30 reaches the magnetic saturation point.
若以數學式表示,則當儲能元件30未達磁飽和點時,滿足下列條件1,當儲能元件30達到磁飽和點時,滿足下列條件2:
若電流斜率比較器150判斷儲能元件30未飽和,則輸出通知信號至開關週期控制器130,驅使開關週期控制器130提高輸出的脈波寬度調變信號的占空比,以提高開關元件120的導通時間,直至儲能元件30達到飽和。 If the current slope comparator 150 determines that the energy storage component 30 is not saturated, the notification signal is output to the switching cycle controller 130 to drive the switching cycle controller 130 to increase the duty ratio of the output pulse width modulation signal to improve the switching component 120. The on time is until the energy storage element 30 reaches saturation.
綜上所述,測量儲能元件30的磁飽和點的方法包含如下步驟。 In summary, the method of measuring the magnetic saturation point of the energy storage element 30 includes the following steps.
首先,取得儲能元件30預設的操作電壓及操作頻率,並依據操作電壓及操作頻率提供直流電源100及具有操作頻率的脈波寬度調變信號予儲能元件30。其中,直流電源100輸出的電壓相同於儲能元件30預設的操作電壓的峰值,且脈波寬度調變信號的占空比會隨時間的增加而逐漸提高。 First, the preset operating voltage and operating frequency of the energy storage component 30 are obtained, and the DC power source 100 and the pulse width modulation signal having the operating frequency are supplied to the energy storage component 30 according to the operating voltage and the operating frequency. The voltage output by the DC power source 100 is the same as the peak value of the operating voltage preset by the energy storage element 30, and the duty ratio of the pulse width modulation signal gradually increases with time.
接著,每隔一預定時間感測導通於儲能元件30的電流,並將測得的複數電流轉換為複數電流斜率。其中,感測導通於儲能元件30的電流的預定時間相同於儲能元件30預設操作頻率的單一週期時間,且每個電流斜率都是由相鄰二時間點間電流運算而得。 Next, the current that conducts through the energy storage element 30 is sensed every predetermined time, and the measured complex current is converted to a complex current slope. The predetermined time for sensing the current flowing through the energy storage element 30 is the same as the single cycle time of the preset operating frequency of the energy storage element 30, and each current slope is calculated by current between two adjacent time points.
最後,比較電流斜率值。當相鄰二電流斜率不相等時,即獲得儲能元件的磁飽和點;若相鄰二電流斜率不相等時,持續提高脈波寬度調變信號的占空比。 Finally, compare the current slope values. When the adjacent two current slopes are not equal, the magnetic saturation point of the energy storage element is obtained; if the adjacent two current slopes are not equal, the duty ratio of the pulse width modulation signal is continuously increased.
雖然本發明已以實施方式揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何熟習此技藝者,在不脫離本發明的精神和範圍內,當可作各種的更動與潤飾,因此本發明的保護範圍當視後附的申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 While the present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention, and the invention may be modified and modified in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope is subject to the definition of the scope of the patent application.
10‧‧‧儲能元件之磁飽和點測量裝置 10‧‧‧ Magnetic saturation point measuring device for energy storage components
100‧‧‧直流電源 100‧‧‧DC power supply
110‧‧‧放電元件 110‧‧‧Discharge components
120‧‧‧開關元件 120‧‧‧Switching elements
130‧‧‧開關週期控制器 130‧‧‧Switch cycle controller
140‧‧‧電流斜率感測器 140‧‧‧Current Slope Sensor
150‧‧‧電流斜率比較器 150‧‧‧current slope comparator
30‧‧‧儲能元件 30‧‧‧ Energy storage components
300‧‧‧初級繞組 300‧‧‧Primary winding
302‧‧‧次級繞組 302‧‧‧Secondary winding
a‧‧‧第一端點 A‧‧‧first endpoint
b‧‧‧第二端點 B‧‧‧second endpoint
P1‧‧‧低準位電極端 P1‧‧‧ low level electrode end
P2‧‧‧高準位電極端 P2‧‧‧ high-level electrode end
RL‧‧‧負載 RL‧‧ load
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