TWI517550B - Voltage regulator and building-voltage circuit for preventing leakage current - Google Patents
Voltage regulator and building-voltage circuit for preventing leakage current Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI517550B TWI517550B TW103117288A TW103117288A TWI517550B TW I517550 B TWI517550 B TW I517550B TW 103117288 A TW103117288 A TW 103117288A TW 103117288 A TW103117288 A TW 103117288A TW I517550 B TWI517550 B TW I517550B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- coupled
- resistor
- unit
- power terminal
- Prior art date
Links
Landscapes
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Description
本發明有關於一種電壓調節器,且特別是關於一種具有防止漏電流之電壓調節器以及建壓電路。 The present invention relates to a voltage regulator, and more particularly to a voltage regulator having a leakage prevention current and a voltage building circuit.
習知汽車用的發電機只要引擎運轉就能發電,發電後提供電能供電瓶充電與汽車上其他電器設備使用。通常汽車會藉由設置電壓調節器來控制發電機的運作,使發電機運作產生的輸出電壓維持於工作電壓範圍。 The generators used in the automobile can generate electricity as long as the engine is running. After power generation, the power supply bottle is charged and used in other electrical equipment on the car. Usually, the car will control the operation of the generator by setting a voltage regulator to maintain the output voltage generated by the generator operation within the operating voltage range.
簡單來說,一般電壓調節器是透過車用的指示燈與啟動開關連接至發電機的輸出端。電壓調節器可於汽車啟動時,接收由警示燈提供的電流,並藉由控制功率開關的導通與截止運作來調整流經發電機的激磁線圈的電流大小,據以調整發電機的發電量。當發電機輸出的輸出電壓過高時,電壓調節器即會截止功率開關,以降低激磁線圈的電流,而當發電機輸出的輸出電壓過低時,電壓調節器會導通功率開關,並控制流經激磁線圈的電流大小,以調整發電機的發電量。因此,電壓調節器可用以穩定發電機的輸出電壓,確保汽車內部供電能維持在相當之電量,以使汽車內的電器設備可正常運作。 Simply put, the general voltage regulator is connected to the output of the generator through the indicator light and the start switch of the vehicle. The voltage regulator can receive the current provided by the warning light when the vehicle is started, and adjust the current flowing through the excitation coil of the generator by controlling the conduction and the cut-off operation of the power switch, thereby adjusting the power generation amount of the generator. When the output voltage of the generator output is too high, the voltage regulator will cut off the power switch to reduce the current of the excitation coil. When the output voltage of the generator output is too low, the voltage regulator will turn on the power switch and control the flow. The magnitude of the current through the excitation coil to adjust the amount of power generated by the generator. Therefore, the voltage regulator can be used to stabilize the output voltage of the generator to ensure that the internal power supply of the vehicle can be maintained at a comparable level so that the electrical equipment in the vehicle can operate normally.
請參閱圖1,圖1為傳統單功能的電壓調節系統之示意圖。單功能調節系統1包括電壓調節器10、發電機11、指示燈12、啟動開關14、電瓶13。電壓調節器10更包括激磁驅動電路101以及 調節控制電路102以及開關連接頭IG。電壓調節器10耦接於發電機11以及電瓶13。激磁驅動電路101耦接於調節控制電路102。 Please refer to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional single-function voltage regulation system. The single function adjustment system 1 includes a voltage regulator 10, a generator 11, an indicator light 12, a start switch 14, and a battery 13. The voltage regulator 10 further includes an excitation drive circuit 101 and The control circuit 102 and the switch connector IG are adjusted. The voltage regulator 10 is coupled to the generator 11 and the battery 13 . The excitation driving circuit 101 is coupled to the adjustment control circuit 102.
然而,在傳統具有開關連接頭IG的電壓調節器10架構下,電壓調節器10的激磁驅動電路101會增設一電阻(圖未示)連接於開關連接頭IG,透過調整此電阻值大小來改變激磁電流,進而達到各車廠所要求的低發電電壓轉速。但當隨著車廠的設計不同,不具有開關連接頭IG的電壓調節器便無法透過車輛內對應開關連接頭IG之線路上所設置的電阻,來調整電阻值大小並增加額外電流。 However, in the conventional voltage regulator 10 having the switch connector IG, the excitation driver circuit 101 of the voltage regulator 10 adds a resistor (not shown) to the switch connector IG to change the magnitude of the resistor. The excitation current, in turn, reaches the low power generation voltage required by each vehicle manufacturer. However, when the design of the vehicle manufacturer is different, the voltage regulator without the switch connector IG cannot adjust the resistance value and increase the additional current through the resistance set on the line of the corresponding switch connector IG in the vehicle.
有鑑於此,本發明提供一種電壓調節器,在電壓調節器具有或不具有開關連接頭的情況下皆能使發電機得以在低轉速下建立電壓。 In view of this, the present invention provides a voltage regulator that enables the generator to establish a voltage at low rotational speeds with or without a switch connector.
本發明實施例提供一種電壓調節器,耦接於發電機、啟動端與電源端。電壓調節器包括調節控制電路以及建壓電路。調節控制電路包括激磁驅動單元,建壓電路包括調整單元。激磁驅動單元耦接於發電機之激磁線圈,建壓電路耦接於電源端與啟動端。激磁驅動單元接收電源端之電壓並產生激磁電流。建壓電路接收電源端所輸出之電壓以及啟動端輸出之啟動電壓以驅動建壓電路動作。調整單元透過驅動電壓與啟動電壓產生額外電流,透過額外電流使發電機於低轉速下建立電壓。 The embodiment of the invention provides a voltage regulator coupled to the generator, the starting end and the power end. The voltage regulator includes an adjustment control circuit and a voltage building circuit. The adjustment control circuit includes an excitation drive unit, and the voltage building circuit includes an adjustment unit. The excitation driving unit is coupled to the excitation coil of the generator, and the voltage forming circuit is coupled to the power end and the starting end. The excitation drive unit receives the voltage at the power supply terminal and generates an excitation current. The voltage building circuit receives the voltage output from the power terminal and the starting voltage of the output of the starting terminal to drive the voltage building circuit. The adjustment unit generates an extra current through the driving voltage and the starting voltage, and the additional current causes the generator to establish a voltage at a low speed.
本發明實施例提供一種建壓電路,耦接於電源端與啟動端,其包括防漏電流單元以及調整單元。防漏電流單元包括第一電阻、第二電阻、NPN電晶體以及PNP電晶體。調整單元耦接於NPN電晶體之集極,透過驅動電壓與啟動電壓產生額外電流。當NPN電晶體與PNP電晶體導通時,電壓調節器的驅動電壓透過調整單元產生之額外電流使發電機於低轉速下建立電壓,並避免漏 電流產生。 The embodiment of the invention provides a voltage building circuit, which is coupled to a power supply end and a starting end, and includes a leakage preventing current unit and an adjusting unit. The leakage prevention current unit includes a first resistor, a second resistor, an NPN transistor, and a PNP transistor. The adjusting unit is coupled to the collector of the NPN transistor, and generates an additional current through the driving voltage and the starting voltage. When the NPN transistor is turned on with the PNP transistor, the driving voltage of the voltage regulator is passed through the additional current generated by the adjusting unit to cause the generator to establish a voltage at a low speed and avoid leakage. Current is generated.
綜上所述,透過本發明實施例所提供之電壓調節器以及建壓電路,能夠使具有或不具有開關連接頭的電壓調節器仍可以達到低發電電壓轉速的要求。另外,在本發明電壓調節器不須額外增加零件即可達到低發電電壓轉速的目的。透過本發明之電路設計,除了能夠達到低發電電壓轉速亦可以防止漏電流的產生。 In summary, the voltage regulator and the voltage building circuit provided by the embodiments of the present invention can enable the voltage regulator with or without the switch connector to achieve the requirement of low power generation voltage. In addition, the voltage regulator of the present invention can achieve the purpose of low power generation voltage rotation without additional parts. Through the circuit design of the present invention, in addition to achieving a low power generation voltage speed, leakage current can be prevented.
為使能更進一步瞭解本發明之特徵及技術內容,請參閱以下有關本發明之詳細說明與附圖,但是此等說明與所附圖式僅係用來說明本發明,而非對本發明的權利範圍作任何的限制。 The detailed description of the present invention and the accompanying drawings are to be understood by the claims The scope is subject to any restrictions.
1、2、3‧‧‧電壓調節系統 1, 2, 3‧‧‧ voltage regulation system
10、20、30‧‧‧電壓調節器 10, 20, 30‧‧‧ voltage regulator
11、21、31‧‧‧發電機 11, 21, 31‧‧‧ generator
12、22、32‧‧‧指示燈 12, 22, 32‧‧‧ indicator lights
13、23、33‧‧‧電瓶 13, 23, 33‧‧‧ batteries
14、24、34‧‧‧啟動開關 14, 24, 34‧‧‧ start switch
101‧‧‧激磁驅動電路 101‧‧‧Excitation drive circuit
102、202、302‧‧‧調節控制電路 102, 202, 302‧‧‧ adjustment control circuit
201、301‧‧‧建壓電路 201, 301‧‧‧voltage circuit
2011、3011‧‧‧調整單元 2011, 3011‧‧‧ adjustment unit
2012、3012‧‧‧信號穩定單元 2012, 3012‧‧‧Signal Stabilization Unit
2013、3013‧‧‧防漏電流單元 2013, 3013‧‧‧ leakage current unit
3021‧‧‧激磁驅動單元 3021‧‧‧Excitation drive unit
3022‧‧‧激磁控制單元 3022‧‧‧Excitation control unit
3022a‧‧‧分壓子電路 3022a‧‧ ‧ sub-voltage circuit
311‧‧‧三相定子線圈 311‧‧‧Three-phase stator coil
312‧‧‧激磁線圈 312‧‧‧Exciting coil
313‧‧‧整流單元 313‧‧‧Rectifier unit
IG‧‧‧開關連接頭 IG‧‧‧Switch connector
B+‧‧‧電源端 B+‧‧‧ power terminal
L‧‧‧啟動端 L‧‧‧Starter
D+‧‧‧正接線端 D+‧‧‧ positive terminal
F‧‧‧磁場接線端 F‧‧‧Magnetic field terminal
R1~R3、R4、R6‧‧‧電阻 R1~R3, R4, R6‧‧‧ resistance
Ra‧‧‧調整電阻 Ra‧‧‧Adjusting resistance
ZD1‧‧‧穩壓二極體 ZD1‧‧‧ Regulators
D1、D3~D4‧‧‧二極體 D1, D3~D4‧‧‧ diode
Q1、Q3‧‧‧NPN電晶體 Q1, Q3‧‧‧NPN transistor
Q2‧‧‧PNP電晶體 Q2‧‧‧PNP transistor
Q4‧‧‧功率開關 Q4‧‧‧Power switch
GND‧‧‧接地端 GND‧‧‧ ground terminal
圖1為傳統單功能的電壓調節系統之示意圖;圖2為本發明實施例之建壓電路及其電壓調節系統示意圖;圖3為本發明實施例之電壓調節系統細部電路圖。 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional single-function voltage regulation system; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a voltage-building circuit and a voltage regulation system thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 3 is a detailed circuit diagram of a voltage regulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
在下文將參看隨附圖式更充分地描述各種例示性實施例,在隨附圖式中展示一些例示性實施例。然而,本發明概念可能以許多不同形式來體現,且不應解釋為限於本文中所闡述之例示性實施例。確切而言,提供此等例示性實施例使得本發明將為詳盡且完整,且將向熟習此項技術者充分傳達本發明概念的範疇。在諸圖式中,可為了清楚而誇示層及區之大小及相對大小。類似數字始終指示類似元件。 Various illustrative embodiments are described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the inventive concept may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the illustrative embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments are provided so that this invention will be in the In the drawings, the size and relative sizes of layers and regions may be exaggerated for clarity. Similar numbers always indicate similar components.
應理解,雖然本文中可能使用術語第一、第二、第三等來描述各種元件,但此等元件不應受此等術語限制。此等術語乃用以區分一元件與另一元件。因此,下文論述之第一元件可稱為第二元件而不偏離本發明概念之教示。如本文中所使用,術語「或」視實際情況可能包括相關聯之列出項目中之任一者或者多者之所 有組合。 It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, such elements are not limited by the terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element from another. Thus, a first element discussed below could be termed a second element without departing from the teachings of the inventive concept. As used herein, the term "or" may include any one or more of the associated listed items, depending on the circumstances. There are combinations.
請參閱圖2,圖2為本發明實施例之建壓電路及其電壓調節系統示意圖。電壓調節系統2包括電壓調節器20、發電機21、指示燈22、啟動開關24以及電瓶23。電壓調節器20包括建壓電路201、調節控制電路202。發電機21透過電源端B+、啟動端L、正接線端D+以及磁場接線端F耦接於電壓調節器20。電瓶23耦接於電源端B+,指示燈22耦接啟動端L。 Please refer to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a voltage building circuit and a voltage regulating system thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention. The voltage regulation system 2 includes a voltage regulator 20, a generator 21, an indicator light 22, a start switch 24, and a battery 23. The voltage regulator 20 includes a voltage building circuit 201 and an adjustment control circuit 202. The generator 21 is coupled to the voltage regulator 20 through the power terminal B+, the starting terminal L, the positive terminal D+, and the magnetic field terminal F. The battery 23 is coupled to the power terminal B+, and the indicator light 22 is coupled to the starting end L.
在電壓調節器20中,當電源端B+提供驅動電壓給調節控制電路202時,同時電瓶23提供啟動電壓經由啟動端L至建壓電路201。電瓶23提供啟動電壓驅動建壓電路201產生額外電流,並將額外電流提供至發電機21,透過額外電流將調節控制電路202產生之激磁電流增大,使發電機21於低轉速下建立電壓並且開始運轉。 In the voltage regulator 20, when the power supply terminal B+ supplies the driving voltage to the adjustment control circuit 202, the battery 23 supplies the startup voltage to the build-up circuit 201 via the start terminal L. The battery 23 provides a starting voltage to drive the build-up circuit 201 to generate additional current, and provides additional current to the generator 21, which increases the exciting current generated by the regulating control circuit 202 by the additional current, so that the generator 21 establishes the voltage at a low rotational speed. And it starts to work.
更仔細地說,建壓電路201包括調整單元2011、信號穩定單元2012以及防漏電流單元2013。信號穩定單元2012耦接於啟動端L,防漏電流單元2013耦接於電源端B+與信號穩定單元2012,調整單元2011耦接於防漏電流單元2013以及正接線端D+之間。在本發明實施例中,信號穩定單元2012用以調整從啟動端L接收電源端B+所提供之啟動電壓,使其穩定。防漏電流單元2013用以當建壓電路201從啟動端L接收電源端B+所提供之啟動電壓以驅動其導通時,防止漏電流產生。另外,在當建壓電路201從啟動端L接收電源端B+所提供之啟動電壓的同時,輸出一額外電流經由正接線端D+至發電機21。也就是說,此額外電流等於是傳統方式中透過指示燈22與開關連接頭(圖未示)提供激磁電流給發電機21之激磁線圈(圖未示)用以啟動發電機發電之電流。調整單元2011用以調整所需之額外電流,並經由正接線端D+輸出至發電機21,使發電機21於低轉速下建立電壓並且開始運轉。 More specifically, the build-up circuit 201 includes an adjustment unit 2011, a signal stabilization unit 2012, and a leakage prevention current unit 2013. The signal stabilization unit 2012 is coupled to the startup terminal L. The leakage prevention current unit 2013 is coupled to the power supply terminal B+ and the signal stabilization unit 2012. The adjustment unit 2011 is coupled between the leakage prevention current unit 2013 and the positive terminal D+. In the embodiment of the present invention, the signal stabilization unit 2012 is configured to adjust the startup voltage provided by the power supply terminal B+ from the startup terminal L to stabilize it. The leakage preventing current unit 2013 is configured to prevent leakage current generation when the voltage generating circuit 201 receives the starting voltage supplied from the power terminal B+ from the starting terminal L to drive it to be turned on. In addition, while the voltage building circuit 201 receives the starting voltage supplied from the power terminal B+ from the starting terminal L, an additional current is outputted via the positive terminal D+ to the generator 21. That is to say, the additional current is equal to the current in the conventional mode, which provides an excitation current to the excitation coil (not shown) of the generator 21 through the indicator light 22 and the switch connector (not shown) to start the generator to generate electricity. The adjustment unit 2011 is used to adjust the required additional current and output to the generator 21 via the positive terminal D+, causing the generator 21 to establish a voltage at a low rotational speed and start operating.
在本發明實施例中,電壓調節器20可適用於12伏(V)或24 伏之車用電壓。也就是說,電瓶23為提供12V或24V之驅動電壓。指示燈22可以為3瓦特之警示燈,以於汽車啟動時啟動發電機21發電。在其他實施例中,警示燈的額定功率亦可為2瓦特的燈泡或高亮度的發光二極體(light-emitting diode,LED),本發明僅以此做為說明,並不以此做為限制。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the voltage regulator 20 can be applied to 12 volts (V) or 24 Volt car voltage. That is, the battery 23 is supplied with a driving voltage of 12V or 24V. The indicator light 22 can be a 3 watt warning light to activate the generator 21 to generate electricity when the vehicle is started. In other embodiments, the rated power of the warning light may also be a 2 watt bulb or a high-brightness light-emitting diode (LED). The present invention is merely illustrative and does not limit.
接著將更進一步詳細說明電壓調節系統之電路以及作動流程。請參閱圖3,圖3為本發明實施例之電壓調節系統細部電路圖。電壓調節系統3包括電壓調節器30、發電機31、指示燈32、啟動開關34以及電瓶33。電壓調節器30包括建壓電路301、調節控制電路302、二極體D3以及電阻R6。發電機21透過電源端B+、啟動端L、正接線端D+以及磁場接線端F耦接於電壓調節器30。電瓶33耦接於電源端B+,指示燈32耦接啟動端L。 The circuit of the voltage regulation system and the operation flow will be further explained in further detail. Please refer to FIG. 3. FIG. 3 is a detailed circuit diagram of a voltage regulating system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The voltage regulation system 3 includes a voltage regulator 30, a generator 31, an indicator light 32, a start switch 34, and a battery 33. The voltage regulator 30 includes a voltage building circuit 301, an adjustment control circuit 302, a diode D3, and a resistor R6. The generator 21 is coupled to the voltage regulator 30 through the power terminal B+, the starting terminal L, the positive terminal D+, and the magnetic field terminal F. The battery 33 is coupled to the power terminal B+, and the indicator light 32 is coupled to the starting terminal L.
在電壓調節器30中,電阻R6耦接於電源端B+與調節控制電路302之間。電瓶33從電源端B+提供驅動電壓,透過電阻R6傳送至調節控制電路302。調節控制電路302進一步產生激磁電流經由磁場接線端F傳送至發電機31。也就是說,從電源端B+經由電阻R6以及調節控制電路302形成一激磁電流路徑。另一方面,建壓電路301耦接於電源端B+、啟動端L以及正接線端D+。另外,二極體D3用以限制電流方向,避免調整單元3011輸出之電流回流至啟動端L。在應用上,更可於電阻R6與調節控制電路302之間耦接一二極體,用以限制電流路徑之方向,避免電源端B+受到其他電壓源所輸出訊號之干擾。 In the voltage regulator 30, the resistor R6 is coupled between the power terminal B+ and the regulation control circuit 302. The battery 33 supplies a driving voltage from the power supply terminal B+ and transmits it to the adjustment control circuit 302 through the resistor R6. The adjustment control circuit 302 further generates an excitation current that is transmitted to the generator 31 via the magnetic field terminal F. That is, a field current path is formed from the power supply terminal B+ via the resistor R6 and the adjustment control circuit 302. On the other hand, the voltage building circuit 301 is coupled to the power terminal B+, the starting terminal L, and the positive terminal D+. In addition, the diode D3 is used to limit the current direction, and the current output from the adjusting unit 3011 is prevented from flowing back to the starting end L. In application, a diode can be coupled between the resistor R6 and the adjustment control circuit 302 to limit the direction of the current path, and the power supply terminal B+ is prevented from being interfered by the output signals of other voltage sources.
在本發明實施例中,建壓電路301之內部元件與圖2中建壓電路201之內部元件連接關係相同,後續將針對圖3中之信號穩定單元3012、防漏電流單元3013與調整單元3011進行更詳細之說明。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the internal components of the voltage building circuit 301 are the same as the internal components of the voltage building circuit 201 of FIG. 2, and will be further adjusted for the signal stabilization unit 3012, the leakage current prevention unit 3013 in FIG. Unit 3011 is described in more detail.
在本發明實施例中,信號穩定單元3012為電阻R3。電阻R3具有第一端與第二端,第一端耦接於啟動端L與接地端GND,第 二端耦接於防漏電流單元3013。信號穩定單元3012用以調整從啟動端L接收電源端B+所提供之啟動電壓,使其穩定。在應用上,信號穩定單元3012更可包括另一電阻R4,所述電阻R4具有第一端與第二端,第一端耦接於電阻R3之第一端或電阻R3之第二端,第二端耦接於接地端GND。本發明僅以此做為說明,並不以此方式做為限制。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the signal stabilization unit 3012 is a resistor R3. The resistor R3 has a first end and a second end, and the first end is coupled to the start end L and the ground end GND, The two ends are coupled to the leakage preventing current unit 3013. The signal stabilization unit 3012 is configured to adjust the startup voltage provided by the power supply terminal B+ from the startup terminal L to stabilize it. In an application, the signal stabilizing unit 3012 may further include another resistor R4, the resistor R4 having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled to the first end of the resistor R3 or the second end of the resistor R3, The two ends are coupled to the ground GND. The present invention has been described by way of illustration only and not as a limitation.
防漏電流單元3013包括電阻R1~R2、NPN電晶體Q1以及PNP電晶體Q2。電阻R1具有第一端與第二端,第一端耦接於電源端B+。電阻R2具有第一端與第二端,第一端耦接於電阻R1的第二端。NPN電晶體Q1之集極耦接於電阻R2之第二端,NPN電晶體Q1之射極耦接於接地端GND,NPN電晶體Q1之基極耦接於電阻R3之第二端。PNP電晶體Q2之射極耦接於電源端B+,PNP電晶體Q2之集極耦接調整單元3011,NPN電晶體Q2之基極耦接於電阻R1之第二端。更詳細地說,當建壓電路301從啟動端L接收電源端B+所提供之啟動電壓以驅動其導通時,防止漏電流產生。另外,導通的NPN電晶體Q1透過電阻R1與R2將PNP電晶體Q2之基極連接至接地端GND,使其電位幾乎為零電位,因此PNP電晶體Q2亦進入導通狀態。而同時,電源端B+提供驅動電壓經由PNP電晶體Q2傳輸至調整單元3011。因此,透過PNP電晶體Q2與NPN電晶體Q1能夠避免電壓調節器30之漏電流產生。另外,在當建壓電路301從啟動端L接收電源端B+所提供之啟動電壓至NPN電晶體Q1之基極的同時,輸出一額外電流經由正接線端D+至發電機31。 The leakage prevention current unit 3013 includes resistors R1 to R2, an NPN transistor Q1, and a PNP transistor Q2. The resistor R1 has a first end and a second end, and the first end is coupled to the power terminal B+. The resistor R2 has a first end and a second end, and the first end is coupled to the second end of the resistor R1. The collector of the NPN transistor Q1 is coupled to the second terminal of the resistor R2, the emitter of the NPN transistor Q1 is coupled to the ground GND, and the base of the NPN transistor Q1 is coupled to the second terminal of the resistor R3. The emitter of the PNP transistor Q2 is coupled to the power supply terminal B+, and the collector of the PNP transistor Q2 is coupled to the adjustment unit 3011. The base of the NPN transistor Q2 is coupled to the second terminal of the resistor R1. In more detail, when the build-up circuit 301 receives the start voltage supplied from the power supply terminal B+ from the start terminal L to drive it on, leakage current is prevented from being generated. In addition, the turned-on NPN transistor Q1 connects the base of the PNP transistor Q2 to the ground GND through the resistors R1 and R2, and its potential is almost zero potential, so the PNP transistor Q2 also enters a conducting state. At the same time, the power supply terminal B+ provides a driving voltage to the adjustment unit 3011 via the PNP transistor Q2. Therefore, the leakage current of the voltage regulator 30 can be prevented from being transmitted through the PNP transistor Q2 and the NPN transistor Q1. In addition, while the voltage building circuit 301 receives the starting voltage supplied from the power terminal B+ from the starting terminal L to the base of the NPN transistor Q1, an additional current is outputted via the positive terminal D+ to the generator 31.
調整單元3011包括調整電阻Ra以及二極體D1。調整電阻Ra具有第一端與第二端,第一端耦接於PNP電晶體Q2之集極,第二端耦接於二極體D1之陽極。透過調整調整電阻Ra之電阻值以調整額外電流的大小。更仔細地說,透過調整調整電阻Ra之電阻值以調整調整單元3011輸出額外電流的大小。二極體D1之陰 極耦接於正接線端D+。當PNP電晶體Q2導通接收來自電源端B+提供的驅動電壓時,調整單元3011用以調整所需之額外電流,並經由正接線端D+輸出至發電機31,使發電機31於低轉速下建立電壓並且開始運轉。 The adjustment unit 3011 includes an adjustment resistor Ra and a diode D1. The adjustment resistor Ra has a first end and a second end. The first end is coupled to the collector of the PNP transistor Q2, and the second end is coupled to the anode of the diode D1. Adjust the value of the additional current by adjusting the resistance of the adjustment resistor Ra. More specifically, the magnitude of the additional current output by the adjustment unit 3011 is adjusted by adjusting the resistance value of the adjustment resistor Ra. Yin of diode D1 The pole is coupled to the positive terminal D+. When the PNP transistor Q2 is turned on to receive the driving voltage from the power terminal B+, the adjusting unit 3011 is used to adjust the required additional current, and is output to the generator 31 via the positive terminal D+, so that the generator 31 is established at a low speed. The voltage starts to work.
調節控制電路302包括激磁驅動單元3021以及激磁控制單元3022。發電機31包括三相定子線圈311、激磁線圈312以及整流單元313。激磁控制單元3022耦接於電源端B+,激磁驅動單元3021耦接於激磁控制單元3022,激磁線圈312經由磁場接線端F耦接於激磁驅動單元3021。發電機31的三相定子線圈311電性連接整流單元313。發電機31的整流單元313分別耦接於電源端B+、正接線端D+以及接地端GND。發電機31的整流單元313包括整流器(rectifier)與三個激磁二極體(exciting diode)。三相式整流器是由三對兩個相互串聯之整流二極體電路所組成,且三相式整流器用以對三相定子線圈311產生的三相交流電整流。每對整流二極體串聯電路另串聯耦接於電源端B+與接地端GND之間。三個激磁二極體分別耦接於三相定子線圈311與電源端B+之間。具體地說,每一個激磁二極體的陽極耦接於三相定子線圈311的其中一相定子線圈,而每一個激磁二極體的陰極耦接電源端B+。 The adjustment control circuit 302 includes an excitation drive unit 3021 and an excitation control unit 3022. The generator 31 includes a three-phase stator coil 311, an exciting coil 312, and a rectifying unit 313. The excitation control unit 3022 is coupled to the power supply terminal B2, and the excitation drive unit 3021 is coupled to the excitation control unit 3022. The excitation coil 312 is coupled to the excitation drive unit 3021 via the magnetic field terminal F. The three-phase stator coil 311 of the generator 31 is electrically connected to the rectifying unit 313. The rectifying unit 313 of the generator 31 is respectively coupled to the power terminal B+, the positive terminal D+, and the ground GND. The rectifying unit 313 of the generator 31 includes a rectifier and three exciting diodes. The three-phase rectifier is composed of three pairs of two rectifying diode circuits connected in series with each other, and the three-phase rectifier is used for rectifying the three-phase alternating current generated by the three-phase stator coil 311. Each pair of rectifier diode series circuits is further coupled in series between the power supply terminal B+ and the ground terminal GND. The three excitation diodes are respectively coupled between the three-phase stator coil 311 and the power terminal B+. Specifically, the anode of each of the excitation diodes is coupled to one of the phase stator coils of the three-phase stator coil 311, and the cathode of each of the excitation diodes is coupled to the power supply terminal B+.
發電機31的電源端B+電性連接整流單元的第一端與電壓調節器30的正接線端D+,並用以在發電機31正常發電下提供激磁電流給激磁線圈312。發電機31的電源端B+另經指示燈32電性連接電瓶33的正極。發電機31的電源端B+電性連接電瓶33的正極端,以在發電機31正常發電下對電瓶33充電與維持移動載具上其他電器設備的運作。發電機31中三相定子線圈311與整流單元313的實際架構與運作方式為本技術領域具通常知識者所熟知之技術,故在此不加以贅述。 The power terminal B+ of the generator 31 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the rectifying unit and the positive terminal D+ of the voltage regulator 30, and is used to supply an exciting current to the exciting coil 312 under normal power generation of the generator 31. The power terminal B+ of the generator 31 is electrically connected to the anode of the battery 33 via the indicator light 32. The power terminal B+ of the generator 31 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the battery 33 to charge the battery 33 under normal power generation of the generator 31 and to maintain the operation of other electrical equipment on the mobile vehicle. The actual structure and operation mode of the three-phase stator coil 311 and the rectifying unit 313 in the generator 31 are well known to those skilled in the art, and therefore will not be described herein.
當使用者開啟時,指示燈32因啟動亮起。此時,發電機31尚不會運轉,並且也不會產生發電電壓,而是由電瓶33提供的驅 動電壓來供應分壓子電路3022a。而由於此時分壓子電路3022a的分壓點之電壓是會低於穩壓二極體ZD1的反向崩潰電壓,因而無法使穩壓二極體ZD1導通,於是NPN電晶體Q3會截止。而NPN電晶體Q3截止使得功率開關Q4因閘極端具有高電壓準位而形成導通。其中,調整單元3011所產生的額外電流,其電流路徑依序為:電瓶33之正極(+)、電阻R6、功率開關Q4、磁場接線端F、接地接線端GND以及激磁線圈312至電瓶33之負極(-),藉以讓激磁線圈312進行激磁作用,以產生足夠的激磁電流來帶動發電機31進行啟動運轉,並建立電壓。 When the user turns on, the indicator light 32 is illuminated by the start. At this time, the generator 31 is not yet operated, and the generation voltage is not generated, but is driven by the battery 33. The dynamic voltage is supplied to the voltage dividing sub-circuit 3022a. Since the voltage at the voltage dividing point of the voltage dividing sub-circuit 3022a is lower than the reverse breakdown voltage of the Zener diode ZD1 at this time, the Zener diode ZD1 cannot be turned on, and the NPN transistor Q3 is turned off. The NPN transistor Q3 is turned off so that the power switch Q4 is turned on due to the high voltage level of the gate terminal. The additional current generated by the adjusting unit 3011 has the following current paths: the positive pole (+) of the battery 33, the resistor R6, the power switch Q4, the magnetic field terminal F, the ground terminal GND, and the excitation coil 312 to the battery 33. The negative electrode (-) is used to cause the exciting coil 312 to be excited to generate a sufficient exciting current to drive the generator 31 to start the operation and establish a voltage.
隨著發電機31的啟動,其轉速逐漸升高,發電電壓隨轉速升高而上升,當發電電壓已升高到大於電瓶之電壓,但仍未到達電壓調節器30的調節上限點時,NPN電晶體Q3仍為截止狀態,而功率開關Q4也就仍為導通狀態,於是發電機31開始對電瓶33充電,並且此時的電流是由發電機31來供給,其激磁電流路徑依序為:交流發電機31之正極經由電源端B+、電阻R6、功率開關Q4、磁場接線端F、接地接線端GND以及激磁線圈312至交流發電機31之負極。同時,發電電壓亦會繼續隨轉速升高迅速上升。 As the generator 31 is started, its rotational speed gradually increases, and the power generation voltage rises as the rotational speed increases. When the generated voltage has risen to be greater than the voltage of the battery, but has not yet reached the upper limit of the adjustment of the voltage regulator 30, the NPN The transistor Q3 is still in an off state, and the power switch Q4 is still in an on state, so that the generator 31 starts charging the battery 33, and the current at this time is supplied by the generator 31, and the excitation current path is sequentially: The anode of the alternator 31 passes through the power terminal B+, the resistor R6, the power switch Q4, the magnetic field terminal F, the ground terminal GND, and the excitation coil 312 to the cathode of the alternator 31. At the same time, the power generation voltage will continue to rise rapidly with the increase of the speed.
接著,當發電機31之發電電壓上升到等於電壓調節器30的調節上限點時,電壓調節器30開始啟動調節運作。依據已建立之電壓驅動激磁控制單元3022以截止激磁驅動單元3021動作。更仔細地說,此時分壓子電路3022a的分壓點之電壓得以使穩壓二極體ZD1反向崩潰而形成導通,於是NPN電晶體Q3導通。而第一電晶體Q1導通使得功率開關Q4因閘極端具有低電壓準位而形成截止。於是,激磁電流路徑便會被切斷,而由於磁場被斷路,磁通下降,使得發電機的發電電壓會經由二極體D4進行放電而開始下降。 Next, when the power generation voltage of the generator 31 rises to be equal to the adjustment upper limit point of the voltage regulator 30, the voltage regulator 30 starts the regulation operation. The off-excitation drive unit 3021 operates in accordance with the established voltage-driven excitation control unit 3022. More specifically, at this time, the voltage at the voltage dividing point of the voltage dividing sub-circuit 3022a causes the voltage stabilizing diode ZD1 to collapse in the reverse direction to form a conduction, and the NPN transistor Q3 is turned on. The first transistor Q1 is turned on so that the power switch Q4 is turned off due to the low voltage level of the gate terminal. As a result, the excitation current path is cut off, and since the magnetic field is broken, the magnetic flux is lowered, so that the generator's generated voltage is discharged through the diode D4 and starts to drop.
當發電機電壓下降到等於電壓調節器30的調節下限點時,穩壓二極體ZD1即又形成截止,於是NPN電晶體Q3也就截止,而 功率開關Q4重新導通,於是激磁電流路徑即恢復導通,進而再讓發電機31的發電電壓上升。以此原理不斷地重複執行,即可讓發電機11的發電電壓控制在一定範圍內。 When the generator voltage drops to be equal to the lower limit of regulation of the voltage regulator 30, the Zener diode ZD1 is again turned off, and the NPN transistor Q3 is also turned off. The power switch Q4 is turned back on, and the excitation current path is restored to conduct, and the power generation voltage of the generator 31 is further increased. By repeating this principle continuously, the power generation voltage of the generator 11 can be controlled within a certain range.
本發明所述調節上限點以及調節下限點可依據發電機31與電瓶33的實際架構與運作需求來設置。另,激磁驅動單元3021為發電機31的電壓調節電路,其實際架構與調節發電機31的運作方式為本技術領域具通常知識者應能了解之技術。本發明謹以此做為說明,並不以此做為限制。 The adjustment upper limit point and the adjustment lower limit point of the present invention can be set according to the actual architecture and operational requirements of the generator 31 and the battery 33. In addition, the excitation driving unit 3021 is a voltage regulating circuit of the generator 31, and the actual structure and the operation mode of the regulating generator 31 are those which should be known to those skilled in the art. The present invention is intended to be illustrative, and is not intended to be limiting.
習知是透過指示燈及啟動開關兩個端點的控制才能達到使發電機於低轉速下建立電壓,透過本發明實施例所提供之電壓調節器以及建壓電路,只要有指示燈即可,可省略開關連接頭,所以調節器本身具有或不具有開關連接頭都可以達到使發電機於低轉速下建立電壓。因此,在本發明電壓調節器不須額外增加零件即可達到低發電電壓轉速的目的,再者,透過本發明之電路設計,亦可以防止漏電流的產生。 It is known that the control of the two ends of the indicator light and the start switch can be used to establish the voltage of the generator at a low rotational speed. The voltage regulator and the voltage-building circuit provided by the embodiments of the present invention can be used as long as there is an indicator light. The switch connector can be omitted, so the regulator itself with or without the switch connector can achieve the generator to establish the voltage at low speed. Therefore, the voltage regulator of the present invention can achieve the purpose of low power generation voltage rotation without additional parts, and further, leakage current generation can be prevented by the circuit design of the present invention.
以上所述,僅為本發明最佳之具體實施例,惟本發明之特徵並不侷限於此,任何熟悉該項技藝者在本發明之領域內,可輕易思及之變化或修飾,皆可涵蓋在以下本案之專利範圍。 The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the features of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any one skilled in the art can easily change or modify it in the field of the present invention. Covered in the following patent scope of this case.
3‧‧‧電壓調節系統 3‧‧‧Voltage regulation system
30‧‧‧電壓調節器 30‧‧‧Voltage regulator
31‧‧‧發電機 31‧‧‧Generator
33‧‧‧電瓶 33‧‧‧Battery
32‧‧‧指示燈 32‧‧‧ indicator lights
34‧‧‧啟動開關 34‧‧‧Start switch
301‧‧‧建壓電路 301‧‧‧Building voltage circuit
3012‧‧‧信號穩定單元 3012‧‧‧Signal Stabilization Unit
302‧‧‧調節控制電路 302‧‧‧Adjustment control circuit
3021‧‧‧激磁驅動單元 3021‧‧‧Excitation drive unit
3011‧‧‧調整單元 3011‧‧‧Adjustment unit
3022a‧‧‧分壓子電路 3022a‧‧ ‧ sub-voltage circuit
3013‧‧‧防漏電流單元 3013‧‧‧Leakage prevention unit
312‧‧‧激磁線圈 312‧‧‧Exciting coil
3022‧‧‧激磁控制單元 3022‧‧‧Excitation control unit
B+‧‧‧電源端 B+‧‧‧ power terminal
311‧‧‧三相定子線圈 311‧‧‧Three-phase stator coil
D+‧‧‧正接線端 D+‧‧‧ positive terminal
313‧‧‧整流單元 313‧‧‧Rectifier unit
R1~R3、R6‧‧‧電阻 R1~R3, R6‧‧‧ resistance
L‧‧‧啟動端 L‧‧‧Starter
ZD1‧‧‧穩壓二極體 ZD1‧‧‧ Regulators
F‧‧‧磁場接線端 F‧‧‧Magnetic field terminal
Q1、Q3‧‧‧NPN電晶體 Q1, Q3‧‧‧NPN transistor
Ra‧‧‧調整電阻 Ra‧‧‧Adjusting resistance
Q4‧‧‧功率開關 Q4‧‧‧Power switch
D1、D3~D4‧‧‧二極體 D1, D3~D4‧‧‧ diode
GND‧‧‧接地端 GND‧‧‧ ground terminal
Q2‧‧‧PNP電晶體 Q2‧‧‧PNP transistor
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
TW103117288A TWI517550B (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2014-05-16 | Voltage regulator and building-voltage circuit for preventing leakage current |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
TW103117288A TWI517550B (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2014-05-16 | Voltage regulator and building-voltage circuit for preventing leakage current |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW201545466A TW201545466A (en) | 2015-12-01 |
TWI517550B true TWI517550B (en) | 2016-01-11 |
Family
ID=55407236
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW103117288A TWI517550B (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2014-05-16 | Voltage regulator and building-voltage circuit for preventing leakage current |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
TW (1) | TWI517550B (en) |
-
2014
- 2014-05-16 TW TW103117288A patent/TWI517550B/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW201545466A (en) | 2015-12-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP4367416B2 (en) | Battery charge control device | |
US20070182382A1 (en) | Alternator | |
US9748881B2 (en) | Voltage regulator, operation method thereof, voltage regulating system, and mobile vehicle | |
JP4316568B2 (en) | Vehicle generator control system | |
JP2002010515A (en) | Voltage controller for generator for vehicle | |
US6614207B2 (en) | Vehicular power generator control apparatus having maximum conduction rate limiting function | |
US5563497A (en) | Control device for AC generator | |
JPH06284596A (en) | Voltage regulator of ac generator for vehicle | |
TWI517550B (en) | Voltage regulator and building-voltage circuit for preventing leakage current | |
TWM325238U (en) | Voltage regulator and voltage regulating system | |
WO2017212837A1 (en) | Vehicle lamp drive device and vehicle lamp lighting system | |
JPS58163234A (en) | Charge indicator | |
WO2019163078A1 (en) | Vehicular led lighting control device and method for controlling vehicular led lighting control device | |
US6943532B1 (en) | Voltage control apparatus for vehicle generator having a light emitting diode | |
CN111133672B (en) | alternator system | |
JP4798196B2 (en) | Vehicle power generation control device | |
JP6386196B1 (en) | LIGHTING CONTROL DEVICE FOR VEHICLE AND CONTROL METHOD FOR LIGHTING CONTROL DEVICE FOR VEHICLE | |
JPH0583999A (en) | Controller of ac generator for vehicle | |
TWI470920B (en) | Soft start voltage regulator | |
US20080111422A1 (en) | Voltage Regulator and Power System with a Voltage Boost for a Low Input Voltage | |
JP3841088B2 (en) | Vehicle power generation control device | |
JPH049024B2 (en) | ||
CN105099305A (en) | Voltage regulator and voltage build-up circuit | |
KR100328771B1 (en) | Excess current protecting circuit for charging lamp of alternator | |
JPS6341296B2 (en) |