TWI514991B - Pocket size ultrasonic temperature analyzer and measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Pocket size ultrasonic temperature analyzer and measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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本發明有關於一種超音波分析儀，且特別是有關於一種超音波分析儀及其量測方法。The invention relates to an ultrasonic analyzer, and in particular to an ultrasonic analyzer and a measuring method thereof.
超音波為一種經常使用於進行非破壞檢測的工具，其在固體、液體或大部份的生理組織中，超音波具有良好之穿透性，故而常運用於醫療檢測領域，進行相關檢測。Ultrasonic is a tool that is often used for non-destructive testing. Ultrasonic waves have good penetration in solid, liquid or most physiological tissues, so they are often used in medical testing for related testing.
超音波作為非破壞檢測之原理為，透過壓電效應，經由電訊號，經由壓電晶片，將電訊號轉換為機械波在媒介中傳遞後，聲波經介質所產生之反射訊號，透過同一顆或不同顆壓電晶片，還可將訊號收回。繼而，再藉由分析訊號，可以得到待測物之物理參數如聲速、能量衰減、非線性效應、應變分析等。Ultrasonic wave as the principle of non-destructive detection, through the piezoelectric effect, through the electrical signal, through the piezoelectric wafer, the electrical signal is converted into mechanical wave transmitted in the medium, the reflected signal generated by the sound wave through the medium, through the same or Different piezoelectric wafers can also recover the signal. Then, by analyzing the signal, physical parameters of the object to be tested such as sound velocity, energy attenuation, nonlinear effects, strain analysis, and the like can be obtained.
目前超音波訊號分析大都需要體積較大的超音波收發機，故不便於攜帶且限制較多，例如會有輸出訊號固定、即時處理能力較差等缺點，而已產品化的商品如超音波影像機，缺點是單價高、頻率波型輸出固定、開發不易，更無法以演算法進行有效快速的驗證。At present, most of the ultrasonic signal analysis requires a large-sized ultrasonic transceiver, so it is not easy to carry and has many restrictions, such as shortcomings such as fixed output signal and poor real-time processing capability, and products such as ultrasonic imaging machines have been commercialized. The disadvantage is that the unit price is high, the frequency waveform output is fixed, the development is not easy, and the algorithm cannot perform effective and rapid verification.
此外，在現有超音波系統中，並沒有較小型、且攜帶容易、以筆記型電腦做為驅動及控制核心之可攜式超音波分析儀作為市場上的商品。此外，由於現有技術大多使用諧振式類比電路設計，故所發射之波形相對簡單，無法進行和成波形以及波形設計。In addition, in the existing ultrasonic system, there is no portable type ultrasonic analyzer that is small and portable, and is driven and controlled by a notebook computer as a commodity on the market. In addition, since the prior art mostly uses a resonant analog circuit design, the transmitted waveform is relatively simple, and cannot be combined into a waveform and a waveform design.
故而，為了能產生更有效率的超音波系統，需要研發新式之超音波產生技術，藉以提高效率且降低製造時間與製造成本。Therefore, in order to produce a more efficient ultrasonic system, it is necessary to develop a new type of ultrasonic generation technology to improve efficiency and reduce manufacturing time and manufacturing cost.
根據研究所示，由於溫度的升高會使得組織中大分子吸收超音波能量的能力下降，不同的回波訊號會得到不同的回波訊號強度，因此可透過回波訊號能量的分析來估測溫度變化。而超音波傳遞速度在不同溫度下亦有不同的傳遞速率，不同的傳遞介質在溫度改變時所造成超音波傳導速度變化的程度亦有所不同。例如人體各臟器在溫度提高時超音波傳遞速度幾乎都會隨著不同程度的上升；體內脂肪卻相反，隨著溫度的上升，傳遞速度卻有著顯著的下降。故利用超音波回訊號能量的分析方法，必須量得回波訊號能量之微小變化，因此需要較高解析度之類比/數位轉換，對於臨床用超音波儀器而言較不易偵測。因此，以超音波作溫度估測主要原理係以溫度造成超音波傳遞速度改變兩種方式所形成的超音波回波訊號分析。因此，只要量測兩個超音波回波訊號之間的相位差，便可得到溫度變化。According to the study, due to the increase of temperature, the ability of macromolecules in the tissue to absorb ultrasonic energy is reduced. Different echo signals will have different echo signal strengths, so it can be estimated through the analysis of echo signal energy. temperature change. The ultrasonic transmission speed also has different transmission rates at different temperatures, and the degree of change of the ultrasonic conduction velocity caused by different transmission media when the temperature changes is also different. For example, when the temperature of the organs in the human body increases, the ultrasonic transmission speed will almost increase with different degrees; the body fat is opposite, and as the temperature rises, the transmission speed decreases significantly. Therefore, the analysis method using the ultrasonic echo signal energy must measure the small change of the echo signal energy, so the analog/digital conversion of the higher resolution is required, which is relatively difficult to detect for the clinical ultrasonic instrument. Therefore, the main principle of supersonic wave temperature estimation is the ultrasonic echo signal analysis formed by the two methods of temperature-induced supersonic transmission speed change. Therefore, as long as the phase difference between the two ultrasonic echo signals is measured, the temperature change can be obtained.
本發明揭露一種可攜式超音波分析儀及其量測方法，發射模組包括控制單元與超音波驅動單元，並得以利用此裝置分析超音波回波訊號，以作為非侵入式之溫度量測之簡易工具。控制單元提供多組可調控制訊號至超音波驅動單元，使得超音波驅動單元依據該些可調控制訊號來驅動探頭，使得探頭產生超音波，繼而，探頭接收由一目標物所產生之反射超音波且提供回波訊號，回波訊號通過接收模組與控制電路的處理而成為量測訊號，控制單元控制接收模組儲存量測訊號並輸出量測訊號至電腦裝置以進行分析，本發明具有體積小且攜帶方便以及可進行溫度分析等功用。The invention discloses a portable ultrasonic analyzer and a measuring method thereof. The transmitting module comprises a control unit and an ultrasonic driving unit, and can use the device to analyze the ultrasonic echo signal as a non-invasive temperature measurement. Simple tool. The control unit provides a plurality of sets of adjustable control signals to the ultrasonic drive unit, so that the ultrasonic drive unit drives the probe according to the adjustable control signals, so that the probe generates ultrasonic waves, and then the probe receives the reflection super generated by a target object. The sound wave provides an echo signal, and the echo signal becomes a measurement signal through the processing of the receiving module and the control circuit, and the control unit controls the receiving module to store the measurement signal and output the measurement signal to the computer device for analysis. The invention has It is small in size and easy to carry, and can perform functions such as temperature analysis.
本發明的目的在於提供一種超音波分析儀及其量測方法，以改善現有技術的缺失。It is an object of the present invention to provide an ultrasonic analyzer and a method of measuring the same to improve the deficiencies of the prior art.
依據本發明之一特色，本發明提出一種超音波分析儀，其用以提供超音波至目標物，以偵測目標物，其中目標物並可產生一反射超音波。前述超音波分析儀包括探頭、發射模組、接收模組以及電腦裝置。前述發射模組包括控制單元與超音波驅動單元。超音波驅動單元分別耦接控制單元與探頭。接收模組耦接控制單元。電腦裝置耦接控制單元。According to a feature of the present invention, the present invention provides an ultrasonic analyzer for providing ultrasonic waves to a target to detect a target, wherein the target can generate a reflected ultrasonic wave. The aforementioned ultrasonic analyzer includes a probe, a transmitting module, a receiving module, and a computer device. The foregoing transmitting module includes a control unit and an ultrasonic driving unit. The ultrasonic drive unit is coupled to the control unit and the probe, respectively. The receiving module is coupled to the control unit. The computer device is coupled to the control unit.
前述控制單元可提供多組可調控制訊號至超音波驅動單元，使得超音波驅動單元依據該些可調控制訊號來驅動探頭，使得探頭產生超音波。探頭可接收反射超音波且提供回波訊號。回波訊號通過接收模組與控制電路的處理而成為量測訊號。控制單元控制接收模組儲存量測訊號並輸出量測訊號至電腦裝置。The foregoing control unit can provide a plurality of sets of adjustable control signals to the ultrasonic drive unit, so that the ultrasonic drive unit drives the probe according to the adjustable control signals, so that the probe generates ultrasonic waves. The probe receives the reflected ultrasound and provides an echo signal. The echo signal becomes a measurement signal through the processing of the receiving module and the control circuit. The control unit controls the receiving module to store the measurement signal and output the measurement signal to the computer device.
依據本發明之一特色，本發明提出一種超音波分析儀的量測方法，其用以偵測一目標物，上述目標物可產生反射超音波。前述量測方法包括：提供多組可調控制訊號至超音波驅動單元；利用超音波驅動單元驅動探頭來提供超音波至目標物；利用探頭接收由目標物產生之反射超音波；對反射超音波進行訊號處理而成為量測訊號；以及透過傳輸介面傳輸量測訊號至電腦裝置，以進行量測分析。According to a feature of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for measuring an ultrasonic analyzer for detecting a target, which can generate a reflected ultrasonic wave. The foregoing measuring method comprises: providing a plurality of sets of adjustable control signals to the ultrasonic driving unit; using the ultrasonic driving unit to drive the probe to provide ultrasonic waves to the target; using the probe to receive the reflected ultrasonic waves generated by the target; and the reflecting ultrasonic waves The signal processing is performed to become a measurement signal; and the measurement signal is transmitted to the computer device through the transmission interface for measurement analysis.
本發明有益效果為，提供一種體積微小並具可攜性之超音波訊號分析儀器，其具有可調頻率、可調輸出波型、高速採樣與即時傳輸等特點。此外，其利用單一超音波探頭進行訊號發射與接收的工作，和較為常見的超音波一發一收系統相比，不但成本較低(只需一顆探頭即可作業)，並且訊號方向更為直線、便於攜帶等特點，初期可以將此系統應用在超音波溫度估測系統使用，日後也可以提供其他超音波應用開發使用。The invention has the beneficial effects of providing an ultra-sonic signal analysis instrument with small volume and portability, which has the characteristics of adjustable frequency, adjustable output wave type, high-speed sampling and instant transmission. In addition, it uses a single ultrasonic probe for signal transmission and reception. Compared with the more common ultrasonic one-shot system, it is not only cheaper (only one probe can work), and the signal direction is more Straight line, easy to carry, etc., the system can be used in the ultrasonic temperature estimation system at the beginning, and other ultrasonic applications can be developed and used in the future.
故而，關於本發明之優點與精神可以藉由以下發明詳述及所附圖式得到進一步的瞭解。Therefore, the advantages and spirit of the present invention will be further understood from the following detailed description of the invention.
第1圖所示為根據本發明較佳實施例的超音波分析儀的系統示意圖。本發明較佳實施例所提供的超音波分析儀1包括探頭11、發射模組12、接收模組13以及電腦裝置14。前述探頭11分別耦接發射模組12與接收模組13。發射模組12耦接電腦裝置14。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a system of an ultrasonic analyzer in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The ultrasonic analyzer 1 provided by the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a probe 11, a transmitting module 12, a receiving module 13, and a computer device 14. The probes 11 are coupled to the transmitting module 12 and the receiving module 13 respectively. The transmitting module 12 is coupled to the computer device 14.
前述發射模組12用以驅動探頭11產生超音波S1至目標物15，並使得目標物15產生一反射超音波S2。探頭11可接收反射超音波S2，且將其傳輸至接收模組13進行相關訊號處理，最後再由發射模組12透過傳輸介面傳輸至電腦裝置14，以進行量測分析。The transmitting module 12 is configured to drive the probe 11 to generate the ultrasonic wave S1 to the target object 15 and cause the target object 15 to generate a reflected ultrasonic wave S2. The probe 11 can receive the reflected ultrasonic wave S2 and transmit it to the receiving module 13 for related signal processing, and finally, the transmitting module 12 transmits the signal to the computer device 14 through the transmission interface for measurement analysis.
第2圖所示為根據本發明較佳實施例的發射模組12的功能方塊圖。本發明較佳實施例中的發射模組12還包括控制單元121、電源電路122、超音波驅動單元123以及選擇開關1241、選擇開關1242。控制單元121分別耦接超音波驅動單元123、選擇開關1241、選擇開關1242以及電腦裝置14。電源電路122分別耦接超音波驅動單元123與電腦裝置14。2 is a functional block diagram of a transmitting module 12 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The transmitting module 12 in the preferred embodiment of the present invention further includes a control unit 121, a power supply circuit 122, an ultrasonic drive unit 123, and a selection switch 1241 and a selection switch 1242. The control unit 121 is coupled to the ultrasonic driving unit 123, the selection switch 1241, the selection switch 1242, and the computer device 14, respectively. The power circuit 122 is coupled to the ultrasonic drive unit 123 and the computer device 14, respectively.
在本實施例中，係提供兩個選擇開關1241、選擇開關1242，其用以調整超音波的波形與頻率。在其他實施例中，選擇開關的數量亦可為一個，本發明並不對此加以限制。In this embodiment, two selection switches 1241 and a selection switch 1242 are provided for adjusting the waveform and frequency of the ultrasonic wave. In other embodiments, the number of selection switches may also be one, and the invention is not limited thereto.
在本實施例中，電腦裝置14可透過USB傳輸介面與發射模組12耦接。電腦裝置14可透過USB介面提供5V電壓(在此可稱之為初始電壓)至電源電路122。電源電路122可將前述5V電壓轉換為系統電源，例如：1.5V或3.3V。此外，電源電路122並可將初始電壓升壓至超音波驅動單元123所需之高壓電源(例如：120伏)，以使得整個超音波分析儀1具有更深的探測深度與較佳的訊號可供分析。In this embodiment, the computer device 14 can be coupled to the transmitting module 12 via a USB transmission interface. The computer device 14 can provide a 5V voltage (herein referred to as an initial voltage) to the power circuit 122 via the USB interface. The power circuit 122 can convert the aforementioned 5V voltage into a system power supply, for example: 1.5V or 3.3V. In addition, the power supply circuit 122 can boost the initial voltage to a high voltage power supply (for example, 120 volts) required by the ultrasonic drive unit 123, so that the entire ultrasonic analyzer 1 has a deeper depth of detection and a better signal. analysis.
在本實施例中，前述控制單元121可為一複雜可編程邏輯元件(CPLD)，其用以提供多組可調控制訊號至超音波驅動單元123。在本實施例中，前述可調控制訊號為兩組。在本實施例中，控制單元121提供的可調控制訊號可先分別透過兩組數位/類比轉換器(DAC)(圖未示)將其轉換成類比訊號之後，再傳輸至超音波驅動單元13，以供超音波驅動單元13內部的N型MOSFET與P型MOSFET使用。In this embodiment, the foregoing control unit 121 can be a Complex Programmable Logic Element (CPLD) for providing a plurality of sets of adjustable control signals to the ultrasonic drive unit 123. In this embodiment, the adjustable control signals are two groups. In this embodiment, the adjustable control signal provided by the control unit 121 can be converted into an analog signal by two sets of digital/analog converters (DACs) (not shown), and then transmitted to the ultrasonic driving unit 13 respectively. For use in the N-type MOSFET and P-type MOSFET inside the ultrasonic drive unit 13.
在本實施例中，超音波分析儀1可以針對不同頻率超音波進行分析與可以延伸到單一頻率材質探頭使用，所以可調頻率輸出是本發明較佳實施例之超音波分析儀1的特點之一。In this embodiment, the ultrasonic analyzer 1 can be analyzed for different frequency ultrasonic waves and can be extended to a single frequency material probe, so the adjustable frequency output is characteristic of the ultrasonic analyzer 1 of the preferred embodiment of the present invention. One.
在本實施例中，由於輸出的波型是利用DA轉換的方式來輸出，並且希望輸出的訊號頻率設定範圍例如在500K到1500K的頻段，所以設計上選用了可程式化高頻脈波合成器(圖未示)，可以將一個固定的較低頻頻率(10MHz-20MHz)經過內部VCO與PLL鎖相迴路合成整數倍高頻訊號(50MHz-800MHz)，由於可程式化高頻脈波合成器輸出是採用差動式輸出格式PECL，電壓準位較高震幅較小，無法直接進入控制單元121中使用，所以必須將PCEL準位轉成數位IC較常用的TTL準位，利用另一可程式化高頻脈波合成器即可完成此轉換。In this embodiment, since the output waveform is output by means of DA conversion, and the desired signal frequency setting range is, for example, in the frequency range of 500K to 1500K, a programmable high-frequency pulse wave synthesizer is selected in the design. (not shown), a fixed lower frequency (10MHz-20MHz) can be integrated into the integer multiple of high frequency signal (50MHz-800MHz) through the internal VCO and PLL phase-locked loop, due to the programmable high-frequency pulse synthesizer The output adopts the differential output format PECL. The voltage level is relatively high and the amplitude is small. It cannot be directly used in the control unit 121. Therefore, the PCEL level must be converted into a more common TTL level for the digital IC. This conversion can be done by a stylized high frequency pulse wave synthesizer.
前述超音波驅動單元123接收到上述可調控制訊號後，超音波驅動單元123可依據上述可調控制訊號來驅動探頭11，使得探頭11產生超音波S1至目標物15。在本實施例中，上述可調控制訊號包括可調頻率成份與可調波形成份，使得超音波S1的頻率與輸出波形可被調整。例如：超音波S1的輸出波形可被調整成各種訊號輸出如啾聲波、雙極波或調變波等。After the ultrasonic driving unit 123 receives the adjustable control signal, the ultrasonic driving unit 123 can drive the probe 11 according to the adjustable control signal, so that the probe 11 generates the ultrasonic wave S1 to the target 15. In this embodiment, the adjustable control signal includes an adjustable frequency component and a tunable waveform component, such that the frequency and output waveform of the ultrasonic S1 can be adjusted. For example, the output waveform of the ultrasonic S1 can be adjusted to various signal outputs such as a chirp, a bipolar wave or a modulated wave.
前述超音波S1進入目標物15之後，目標物15會產生一反射超音波S2，這個反射超音波S2會再進入同一個探頭11。有關超音波分析儀1如何處理反射超音波S2的相關說明，敬請參照下述說明。After the aforementioned ultrasonic wave S1 enters the target object 15, the target object 15 generates a reflected ultrasonic wave S2, and the reflected ultrasonic wave S2 enters the same probe 11. For the description of how the ultrasonic analyzer 1 processes the reflected ultrasonic S2, please refer to the following.
第3圖所示為根據本發明較佳實施例的接收模組13的功能方塊圖。本實施例所提供的接收模組13包括儲存單元131與訊號處理電路132。控制單元121分別耦接儲存單元131與訊號處理電路132。FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of a receiving module 13 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The receiving module 13 provided in this embodiment includes a storage unit 131 and a signal processing circuit 132. The control unit 121 is coupled to the storage unit 131 and the signal processing circuit 132 respectively.
在本實施例，探頭11再接收反射超音波S2之後，探頭11提供一回波訊號至訊號處理電路132。訊號處理電路132包括濾波、放大、類比/數位轉換以及數位訊號處理等功能，以對回波訊號進行相關訊號處理，使得回波訊號成為量測訊號。由於超音波發射完成後必須將經過訊號處理，並且經由類比數位轉換器的量測訊號連續紀錄一段時間，這個量測訊號可先暫存於儲存單元13中。繼而，控制單元121再控制儲存單元131輸出量測訊號至電腦裝置14，以進行分析處理。In this embodiment, after the probe 11 receives the reflected ultrasonic wave S2, the probe 11 provides an echo signal to the signal processing circuit 132. The signal processing circuit 132 includes filtering, amplification, analog/digital conversion, and digital signal processing to perform related signal processing on the echo signal, so that the echo signal becomes a measurement signal. Since the signal processing must be performed after the ultrasonic transmission is completed, and the measurement signal of the analog digital converter is continuously recorded for a period of time, the measurement signal can be temporarily stored in the storage unit 13. Then, the control unit 121 controls the storage unit 131 to output the measurement signal to the computer device 14 for analysis processing.
在本實施例中，儲存單元131與控制單元121是兩個獨立元件，在其他實施例中，儲存單元131亦可整合在控制單元121中，本發明並不對此加以限制。In the present embodiment, the storage unit 131 and the control unit 121 are two independent components. In other embodiments, the storage unit 131 can also be integrated into the control unit 121, which is not limited by the present invention.
第4圖所示為根據本發明較佳實施例的量測方法的流程圖。有關第4圖之說明，敬請一併參照圖1~圖3。Figure 4 is a flow chart showing a measurement method in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. For the description of Fig. 4, please refer to Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 together.
在步驟S405中，控制單元121提供提供多組可調控制訊號至超音波驅動單元123。In step S405, the control unit 121 provides a plurality of sets of adjustable control signals to the ultrasonic drive unit 123.
在步驟S410中，利用上述超音波驅動單元123驅動探頭11來提供超音波S1至目標物15。In step S410, the ultrasonic wave drive unit 123 drives the probe 11 to supply the ultrasonic wave S1 to the target object 15.
在步驟S415中，目標物15產生反射超音波S2，故利用探頭11接收由目標物15產生之反射超音波S2。In step S415, the target 15 generates the reflected ultrasonic wave S2, so that the reflected ultrasonic wave S2 generated by the target 15 is received by the probe 11.
在步驟S420中，對反射超音波S2進行訊號處理而成為量測訊號。有關其詳細說明，前文已說明，故不再重覆描述。In step S420, the reflected ultrasonic wave S2 is subjected to signal processing to become a measurement signal. The detailed description thereof has been explained above, so it will not be repeated.
在步驟S425中，傳輸量測訊號至電腦裝置14，以進行量測分析。In step S425, the measurement signal is transmitted to the computer device 14 for measurement analysis.
第5圖所示為本發明之訊號處理流程，即為本發明之超音波溫度檢測技術與干擾迴避機制。首先如第3圖標示31，進行以前置濾波方式，濾去第一雜波訊號。使溫度量測的效果更佳，在系統中先將擷取之超音波射頻(RF)訊號作第一次之濾波處理，目的在於濾除環境中如因為震動等外在因素所造成之雜訊，以減少在分析過程中的誤差，其濾波器之設計為帶通濾波器，而截止頻率為量測用超音波探頭之中心頻率，之後可加減500KHz。FIG. 5 shows the signal processing flow of the present invention, that is, the ultrasonic temperature detecting technology and the interference avoidance mechanism of the present invention. First, as shown in the third icon 31, the pre-filtering method is performed to filter out the first clutter signal. The effect of temperature measurement is better. In the system, the extracted radio frequency (RF) signal is first filtered, in order to filter out noise caused by external factors such as vibration in the environment. In order to reduce the error in the analysis process, the filter is designed as a bandpass filter, and the cutoff frequency is the center frequency of the ultrasonic probe for measurement, and then 500KHz can be added or subtracted.
之後，如第5圖標示32，進行瞬時頻率分析，係將過濾後之訊號，利用數學演算法分析，以得到其瞬時角頻率之變化。Then, as shown in the fifth icon 32, the instantaneous frequency analysis is performed, and the filtered signal is analyzed by a mathematical algorithm to obtain a change in the instantaneous angular frequency.
接著，如第5圖標示33，進行取得相位差程序，故得到與參考溫度點之相位差。但由於相位差受到熱透鏡效應之影響，在末端部分表現並不穩定，在加熱點後相對位置上所表現之相位並不如預期中為線性累積，導致所得之相位差呈現上下震盪之狀態。Next, as shown in the fifth icon 33, the phase difference program is acquired, so that the phase difference from the reference temperature point is obtained. However, since the phase difference is affected by the thermal lens effect, the end portion is not stable, and the phase represented at the relative position after the heating point is not linearly accumulated as expected, resulting in a phase difference of up and down.
跟著，如第5圖標示34，設計了零相位濾波器以改善相位差呈現上下震盪之現象，即進行後置濾波程序，濾去第二雜波訊號。Then, as shown in the fifth icon 34, a zero-phase filter is designed to improve the phenomenon that the phase difference exhibits up and down oscillation, that is, a post-filtering process is performed to filter out the second clutter signal.
最後，在第5圖標示35中，以微分方式取得溫度值，即將處理後之相位差做一次微分，可得到良好之溫度量測。Finally, in the fifth icon 35, the temperature value is obtained in a differential manner, that is, the phase difference after the processing is differentiated once, and a good temperature measurement can be obtained.
本發明係利用數學演算法進行相關運算，即使用超音波射頻訊號之溫度量測演算法。首先，假設初始溫度時的超音波回波訊號及溫度改變後之超音波回波訊號分別如下：The invention utilizes a mathematical algorithm to perform a correlation operation, that is, a temperature quantity measurement algorithm using an ultrasonic RF signal. First, assume that the ultrasonic echo signals at the initial temperature and the ultrasonic echo signals after the temperature changes are as follows:
S i (x,t)=A(x,t)cos(w 0(t)t(x)) (1) S i ( x , t )= A ( x , t )cos( w 0 ( t ) t ( x )) (1)
S t (x,t)=A(x,t)cos(w 0(t)t(x)+w 0(t)δt(x)) (2) S t ( x , t )= A ( x , t )cos( w 0 ( t ) t ( x )+ w 0 ( t ) δt ( x )) (2)
本發明假設對同一個量測物之超音波訊號而言，當溫度變化時，所造成回波訊號之相位差可看成為時域訊號被壓縮之結果。The present invention assumes that for the ultrasonic signal of the same measurement object, when the temperature changes, the phase difference of the echo signal caused can be regarded as the result of the compression of the time domain signal.
換言之，時域上被壓縮的現象，當表現在頻域上的變化即為：瞬時角頻率產生改變。因此，時域的相位差便可看成頻域上的順時頻率偏移量。In other words, the phenomenon of being compressed in the time domain, when expressed in the frequency domain, is: the instantaneous angular frequency changes. Therefore, the phase difference in the time domain can be seen as a clockwise frequency offset in the frequency domain.
若將第1式及第2式使用複數形式表示，而虛數部分為實數部分經希伯特轉換後，所得之結果，其定義如下：If the first formula and the second formula are expressed in the plural form, and the imaginary part is the real part, the results obtained by the Hibbert conversion are defined as follows:
其中z(t)為複數形式之回波訊號；，為回波訊號之包絡線，表示回波能量強度之函數；，為回波訊號之瞬時相位角，而經改寫後的回波訊號如下：Where z(t) is a complex form of echo signal; , which is the envelope of the echo signal, which represents a function of the energy intensity of the echo; , is the instantaneous phase angle of the echo signal, and the rewritten echo signal is as follows:
S i (x,t)=A(x,t)(cos(w 0(t)t(x))+isin(w 0(t)t(x))) (3) S i ( x , t )= A ( x , t )(cos( w 0 ( t ) t ( x ))+ i sin( w 0 ( t ) t ( x ))) (3)
根據定義，分別取得第3式與第4式之相位角分布：According to the definition, the phase angle distributions of the third and fourth equations are respectively obtained:
根據假設，時域的相位差可等效於頻域之瞬時頻率之偏移。因此分別將瞬時相位角θi與θt對時間t做一次微分後，得到si(x,t)與st(x,t)之順時角頻率並相減，經過整理後發現可以得到δt(x)：It is assumed that the phase difference in the time domain can be equivalent to the offset of the instantaneous frequency in the frequency domain. Therefore, the instantaneous phase angles θ i and θ t are differentiated once from time t, and the clockwise angular frequencies of s i (x, t) and s t (x, t) are obtained and subtracted. Δt(x):
其中w0(t)=2πf0t且f0為超音波訊號之主頻，而瞬時相位角θ在經過一次偏微分後，則變成瞬時角頻率。Where w 0 (t)=2πf 0 t and f 0 is the dominant frequency of the ultrasonic signal, and the instantaneous phase angle θ becomes the instantaneous angular frequency after a partial differential .
從第3式可以證明先前的假設，於是便可將第3式所得之δt(x)代入以下之第6式中，即：From the third formula, the previous hypothesis can be proved, and then the δt(x) obtained by the third formula can be substituted into the following sixth formula, namely:
便可得溫度δT(x)：You can get the temperature δT(x):
將所得之超音波射頻訊號，使用第3式之演算法分析所得結果，已證實利用第3式作為溫度估測之演算法是可行的，即此種可進行快速分析超音波射頻(RF)訊號之溫度量測數學演算法可做為非侵入式溫度檢測技術。The resulting ultrasonic RF signal is analyzed using the algorithm of Equation 3, and it has been proved that the algorithm using the third equation as the temperature estimation is feasible, that is, the rapid analysis of the ultrasonic radio frequency (RF) signal can be performed. The temperature measurement mathematical algorithm can be used as a non-invasive temperature detection technology.
參閱第6(a)至第6(f)圖，為從本發明實際操作時所擷取之分析訊號與實際量測值之比較。本發明利用發射模組發射出一頻率為1MHz之雙極波輸出，並透入一被熱源加熱之石墨仿體，同時，利用接收模組即時接收回波訊號並加以分析。從第6(a)至第6(f)圖中可以看到本發明在溫度估測上之結果，證實的確可以估測出物體溫度上之一維溫度變化。Refer to Figures 6(a) through 6(f) for a comparison of the analytical and actual measurements taken from the actual operation of the present invention. The invention uses the transmitting module to emit a bipolar wave output with a frequency of 1 MHz, and penetrates into a graphite imitation body heated by a heat source, and simultaneously receives the echo signal and analyzes it by using the receiving module. From the 6th (a) to 6th (f) figures, the results of the temperature estimation of the present invention can be seen, and it is confirmed that one-dimensional temperature change at the temperature of the object can be estimated.
綜上所述，本實施例所提供的超音波分析儀係使用單一探頭來進行量測，此外，本發明較佳實施例所提供的超音波分析儀的核心是使用全數位訊號處理之電路核心，且控制單元與電腦裝置是透過USB傳輸。此外，該分析儀具有使用者電腦操作介面，且量測訊號可以透過高速取樣後直接輸入電腦中。而超音波的輸出訊號具有很大彈性，其具有可調波形，可調頻率、甚至是調變波波形輸出(如啾聲訊號)。因此，本發明較佳實施例所提供的超音波分析儀不但成本較低(只需一顆探頭即可作業)，並且訊號方向更為直線、便於攜帶等特點，初期可以將此系統應用在超音波溫度估測系統使用，日後也可以提供其他超音波應用開發使用。In summary, the ultrasonic analyzer provided in this embodiment uses a single probe for measurement. In addition, the core of the ultrasonic analyzer provided by the preferred embodiment of the present invention is a circuit core using full digital signal processing. And the control unit and the computer device are transmitted via USB. In addition, the analyzer has a user computer interface, and the measurement signal can be directly input into the computer through high-speed sampling. The output signal of the ultrasonic wave is very flexible, and it has an adjustable waveform, an adjustable frequency, and even a modulated wave waveform output (such as a beep signal). Therefore, the ultrasonic analyzer provided by the preferred embodiment of the present invention is not only low in cost (only one probe can be operated), and the signal direction is more straight and portable, and the system can be applied to the system in the initial stage. The sonic temperature estimation system is used, and other ultrasonic applications can be developed and used in the future.
以上所述僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已，並非用以限定本發明之申請專利範圍；凡其它未脫離本發明所揭示之精神下所完成之等效改變或修飾，均應包含在下述之申請專利範圍內。The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention; all other equivalent changes or modifications which are not departing from the spirit of the present invention should be included in the following. Within the scope of the patent application.
1．．．超音波分析儀1. . . Ultrasonic analyzer
11．．．探頭11. . . Probe
12．．．發射模組12. . . Transmitter module
13．．．接收模組13. . . Receiving module
14．．．電腦裝置14. . . Computer device
15．．．目標物15. . . Target
31．．．前置濾波31. . . Prefilter
32．．．瞬時頻率分析32. . . Instantaneous frequency analysis
33．．．取得相位差33. . . Obtain phase difference
34．．．後置濾波34. . . Post filter
35．．．微分取得溫度35. . . Differential temperature
121．．．控制單元121. . . control unit
122．．．電源電路122. . . Power circuit
123．．．超音波驅動單元123. . . Ultrasonic drive unit
1241．．．選擇開關1241. . . switch
1242．．．選擇開關1242. . . switch
131．．．儲存單元131. . . Storage unit
132．．．訊號處理電路132. . . Signal processing circuit
S1．．．超音波S1. . . Ultrasonic
S2．．．反射超音波S2. . . Reflected ultrasound
S405~S425．．．步驟S405~S425. . . step
為了對本發明及其優點有更完整的理解，可參考以下的說明及所附的圖式如下列：For a more complete understanding of the present invention and its advantages, reference is made to the following description and the accompanying drawings as follows:
第1圖所示為根據本發明較佳實施例的超音波分析儀的系統示意圖。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a system of an ultrasonic analyzer in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
第2圖所示為根據本發明較佳實施例的發射模組12的功能方塊圖。2 is a functional block diagram of a transmitting module 12 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
第3圖所示為根據本發明較佳實施例的接收模組13的功能方塊圖。FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of a receiving module 13 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
第4圖所示為本發明較佳實施例的量測方法的流程圖。Figure 4 is a flow chart showing a measurement method in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
第5圖所示為本發明之訊號處理流程。Figure 5 shows the signal processing flow of the present invention.
第6(a)圖至第6(f)圖為本發明實際操作時所擷取之分析訊號與實際量測值之比較。Figures 6(a) to 6(f) show the comparison between the analysis signal and the actual measurement value taken in the actual operation of the present invention.
1．．．超音波分析儀1. . . Ultrasonic analyzer
11．．．探頭11. . . Probe
12．．．發射模組12. . . Transmitter module
13．．．接收模組13. . . Receiving module
14．．．電腦裝置14. . . Computer device
15．．．目標物15. . . Target
S1．．．超音波S1. . . Ultrasonic
S2．．．反射超音波S2. . . Reflected ultrasound
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