TWI509244B - An integrated sensor stick for shallow slope stability monitoring - Google Patents
An integrated sensor stick for shallow slope stability monitoring Download PDFInfo
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- TWI509244B TWI509244B TW102124248A TW102124248A TWI509244B TW I509244 B TWI509244 B TW I509244B TW 102124248 A TW102124248 A TW 102124248A TW 102124248 A TW102124248 A TW 102124248A TW I509244 B TWI509244 B TW I509244B
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Description
本發明係關於一種整合式淺層邊坡穩定監測棒，特別關於一種可應用於監測淺層邊坡崩坍之自動化邊坡安全監測系統。The invention relates to an integrated shallow slope stability monitoring rod, in particular to an automatic slope safety monitoring system which can be applied to monitor shallow slope collapse.
按，在淺層邊坡穩定性監測技術上，已知技術之邊坡穩定現場監測使用雨量計(rain gage)量測降雨或使用溼度計(hygrometer)從空氣相對濕度來間接估計降雨情況，但降雨本身與土壤破壞並沒有直接力學關係，所以使用降雨評估邊坡崩塌需仰賴經驗法則，常有誤判之情形。According to the technology of shallow slope stability monitoring, the slope monitoring of the known technology uses a rain gage to measure rainfall or use a hygrometer to indirectly estimate the rainfall from the relative humidity of the air, but Rainfall itself has no direct mechanical relationship with soil damage, so the use of rainfall to assess slope collapse depends on empirical rules and often misjudges.
另，已知技術之邊坡穩定現場監測使用傾斜儀(inclinometer)，透過傾斜量變化來觀察地層滑動。其他在地表直接量測地層滑動的方法可以包括全球定位系統(Global Positioning System,GPS)，光學影像系統與地表伸縮計(extensometer)等。但地層滑動量或滑動速率與地層土壤是否會發生破壞也沒有直接力學關係，因此其數據之使用也需仰賴經驗法則，也常有誤判之情形。In addition, the slope stabilization field monitoring of the prior art uses an inclinometer to observe formation slip through changes in the amount of tilt. Other methods for directly measuring formation slip on the surface may include a Global Positioning System (GPS), an optical imaging system, and an extensometer. However, there is no direct mechanical relationship between the sliding amount or sliding rate of the formation and whether the stratum soil will be destroyed. Therefore, the use of the data also depends on the rule of thumb, and there are often cases of misjudgment.
已知技術之邊坡穩定現場監測使用水壓計(piezometer)，直接量測飽和土壤內孔隙水壓，透過力學關係可得土壤強度參數進行邊坡穩定分析，但土壤未飽和時無法正確量測，而山坡地在平時因為地下水為較深，淺層土壤通常處於非飽和狀態，非飽和土壤內受基質吸力(matric suction)或負孔隙水壓影響而維持其穩定性。而降雨可以使得淺層土壤飽和度增加甚至達到完全飽和，此一過程導致土壤失去基質吸力或孔隙水壓增大，乃至於邊坡崩塌。The slope monitoring of the known technology uses a piezometer to directly measure the pore water pressure in saturated soil. The soil strength parameters can be obtained through the mechanical relationship for slope stability analysis, but the soil cannot be measured correctly when the soil is not saturated. While the hillside is usually deep in groundwater, the shallow soil is usually in an unsaturated state, and the unsaturated soil is maintained by the matric suction or negative pore water pressure to maintain its stability. Rainfall can increase or even achieve full saturation of shallow soil saturation. This process leads to loss of matrix suction or pore water pressure, and even collapse of the slope.
已知技術之非飽和土壤基質吸力量測使用張力計(tensiometer)，將其貫入土層，可以直接量測非飽和土壤之基質吸力，但長期量測需要使用人力，維持量測系統之飽和，實用性較差。習知技術也有使用電學原理間接感應淺層土壤之含水量，再從含水量根據經驗法則來推估土壤基質吸力。使用習知張力計或土壤之含水量量測技術做現場自動化量測，但此技術的耗電量在mw以上，能源供應比較複雜，施實難度高。The known technique for the measurement of the strength of the unsaturated soil matrix using a tensimeter, which penetrates into the soil layer, can directly measure the matrix suction of the unsaturated soil, but long-term measurement requires the use of manpower to maintain the saturation of the measurement system. Poor practicality. Conventional techniques also use electrical principles to indirectly sense the water content of shallow soils, and then estimate the soil matrix suction from the water content according to empirical rules. On-site automated measurement is performed using a conventional tension meter or soil moisture measurement technology, but the power consumption of this technology is above mw, the energy supply is complicated, and the practical difficulty is high.
已知技術不是單一功能，就是長期量測需要使用人力，數據之使用也需仰賴經驗法則。因此發展新技術以解決邊坡現場穩定監測問題及避免仰賴經驗法則之問題，將為淺層邊坡現場穩定監測所迫切需要解決的問題。Known technology is not a single function, that is, long-term measurement requires the use of manpower, and the use of data depends on the rule of thumb. Therefore, the development of new technologies to solve the problem of stable monitoring of slope site and avoiding the problem of relying on the rule of thumb will be an urgent problem to be solved for the stable monitoring of shallow slope sites.
於是，為解決上述之缺點，本發明之目的係在提 供一種整合式淺層邊坡穩定監測棒，結合微機電感測器與無線通訊之監測棒，發展一種整合式，低成本，低耗能且不受土壤飽和與否之影響，適用於因降雨而導致淺層坡地崩塌之坡地安全監測，可應用於淺層邊坡崩坍之自動化邊坡監測系統。Therefore, in order to solve the above disadvantages, the object of the present invention is For an integrated shallow slope stability monitoring rod, combined with a microcomputer inductive detector and wireless communication monitoring rod, develop an integrated, low cost, low energy consumption and not affected by soil saturation, suitable for rainfall The safety monitoring of slopes that cause shallow slopes to collapse can be applied to the automatic slope monitoring system for shallow slope collapse.
本發明係一種整合式淺層邊坡穩定監測棒，其包括：一橫管，其內部裝有一電源模組及一通訊模組；一豎管，其一端固定於該橫管側邊，且該豎管與橫管的內部空間相通；一重力感測器裝設於該豎管內鄰近該橫管；及一量測端部裝設於該豎管另一端，該量測端部表面設有複數個透氣孔，且該量測端部內裝設有一相對濕度/溫度計及一壓力計。實施上，該橫管外裝置一通訊天線，且該通訊天線電性連接該通訊模組。The present invention is an integrated shallow slope stability monitoring rod, comprising: a horizontal tube, which is internally provided with a power module and a communication module; a vertical tube, one end of which is fixed to the side of the horizontal tube, and the The vertical pipe is connected to the inner space of the horizontal pipe; a gravity sensor is disposed in the vertical pipe adjacent to the horizontal pipe; and a measuring end portion is installed at the other end of the vertical pipe, and the measuring end surface is provided A plurality of venting holes are provided, and a measuring temperature/temperature and a pressure gauge are arranged in the measuring end. In practice, the cross tube external device has a communication antenna, and the communication antenna is electrically connected to the communication module.
其中該量測端部與該豎管之間設有一隔離板。其中該量測端部內部填滿皂土與砂土，配合該量測端部內部隔離空間與皂土與砂土混合，量測周圍土壤孔隙內空氣相對濕度，也以間接方法估計非飽和狀態下土壤基質吸力，提供土壤非飽和狀態下之由相對濕度計得土壤溼度。A spacer is disposed between the measuring end and the standpipe. The inside of the measuring end is filled with bentonite and sand, and the internal isolation space of the measuring end is mixed with bentonite and sand soil to measure the relative humidity of the air in the surrounding soil pores, and the non-saturated state is also estimated by an indirect method. The soil matrix is suctioned to provide soil moisture measured by relative humidity in the unsaturated state of the soil.
其中該量測端部的底側設有外露的一透水石，該量測端部內的壓力計設置於該透水石的凹部，且該壓力計與該透水石間填滿矽油。Wherein the bottom side of the measuring end portion is provided with an exposed permeable stone, the pressure gauge in the measuring end portion is disposed in the concave portion of the permeable stone, and the pressure gauge and the permeable stone are filled with eucalyptus oil.
進一步，該電源模組電性連接外界的一太陽能充 電模組，在電源供應使用充電電池時，可以與太陽能板配合減少更換電池的次數。Further, the power module is electrically connected to a solar charge of the outside The electric module can cooperate with the solar panel to reduce the number of times the battery is replaced when the power supply uses the rechargeable battery.
本發明之整合式淺層邊坡穩定監測棒的優點包括：1.使用溼度/溫度計透過量測土壤內部一密閉空間內之相對濕度，以間接方法估計非飽和狀態下土壤基質吸力，提供土壤非飽和狀態下之強度。2.土壤飽和時，透過壓力感測器與透水石配合量測土壤內孔隙水壓，提供土壤飽和狀態下之強度；3.使用重力感測器(G-sensor)來感測地層之移動；4.全部感測器可使用消費性微機電感測器(MEMS sensor)，其耗電量在μw等級，電源供應需求容易滿足且成本低廉；5.使用無線感測器網路技術(wireless sensor network,WSN)做無線訊號傳輸，與電源供應系統封裝在一長度50-100公分之空心剛性金屬監測棒內，無須外接任何線路，便於安裝與維護，大幅降低成本，現場安裝時將一系列監測棒貫入地表約50公分即可。The advantages of the integrated shallow slope stability monitoring rod of the present invention include: 1. Using a humidity/thermometer to measure the relative humidity in a confined space inside the soil, and indirectly estimating the soil matrix suction in the unsaturated state to provide soil non-saturation The intensity under saturation. 2. When the soil is saturated, the pore water pressure in the soil is measured by the pressure sensor and the permeable stone to provide the strength under the soil saturation state; 3. The gravity sensor (G-sensor) is used to sense the movement of the formation; 4. All sensors can use consumer MEMS sensor, the power consumption is in μw level, power supply demand is easy to meet and the cost is low; 5. Using wireless sensor network technology (wireless sensor) Network, WSN) for wireless signal transmission, and power supply system packaged in a hollow rigid metal monitoring rod with a length of 50-100 cm, no need to connect any lines, easy to install and maintain, greatly reduce costs, a series of monitoring during field installation The rod penetrates the surface by about 50 cm.
110‧‧‧橫管110‧‧‧cross tube
120‧‧‧豎管120‧‧‧Rose
121‧‧‧隔離版121‧‧‧Isolated version
130‧‧‧量測端部130‧‧‧measuring end
131‧‧‧透氣孔131‧‧‧ venting holes
140‧‧‧透水石140‧‧‧ permeable stone
141‧‧‧凹部141‧‧‧ recess
150‧‧‧矽油150‧‧‧矽 oil
160‧‧‧皂土與砂土160‧‧ ‧ bentonite and sand
210‧‧‧電源模組210‧‧‧Power Module
220‧‧‧通訊模組220‧‧‧Communication Module
221‧‧‧通訊天線221‧‧‧Communication antenna
230‧‧‧重力感測器230‧‧‧ Gravity Sensor
240‧‧‧相對濕度/溫度計240‧‧‧relative humidity/thermometer
250‧‧‧壓力計250‧‧‧ pressure gauge
300‧‧‧排線300‧‧‧ cable
400‧‧‧通氣隔離空間400‧‧‧ Ventilation isolation space
500‧‧‧太陽能充電模500‧‧‧Solar charging module
第1圖係本發明之立體示意圖。Figure 1 is a perspective view of the present invention.
第2圖係本發明之部份剖面示意圖。Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention.
第3圖係本發明之局部剖面示意圖。Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention.
第4圖係本發明另一實施之立體示意圖。Figure 4 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention.
茲有關本發明之詳細內容及技術說明，現以實施例來作進一步說明，但應瞭解的是，該等實施例僅為例示說明之用，而不應被解釋為本發明實施之限制。The detailed description of the present invention and the technical description of the present invention are further illustrated by the embodiments, but it should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting.
請參閱圖1~圖3，為本發明實施例之示意圖。本發明係一種整合式淺層邊坡穩定監測棒，可應用於因降雨所導致淺層邊坡崩坍之自動化邊坡監測系統，是一種用以貫入土內，於一與土壤孔隙相通量測土壤孔隙內之空氣相對濕度、孔隙水壓以及地表傾斜度變化的整合式淺層邊坡穩定監測棒，其包括：一橫管110，一豎管120，其一端固定於該橫管110側邊，且該豎管120與橫管110的內部空間相通；及一量測端部130裝設於該豎管120另一端，該量測端部130表面設有複數個透氣孔131，該些透氣孔131直徑約1mm。Please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 , which are schematic diagrams of an embodiment of the present invention. The invention relates to an integrated shallow slope stability monitoring rod, which can be applied to an automatic slope monitoring system for shallow slope collapse caused by rainfall, which is used for penetrating into soil and measuring soil with soil pores. An integrated shallow slope stability monitoring rod with a change in air relative humidity, pore water pressure and surface inclination in the pores, comprising: a horizontal tube 110, a vertical tube 120, one end of which is fixed to the side of the horizontal tube 110, The vertical tube 120 is connected to the inner space of the horizontal tube 110; and a measuring end portion 130 is disposed at the other end of the vertical tube 120. The measuring end portion 130 is provided with a plurality of vent holes 131 on the surface thereof, and the vent holes are provided. The diameter of 131 is about 1 mm.
實施上該橫管110係由一長約350mm的剛性空心管，該豎管120係由一長500-700 mm之剛性空心管所組成，且該量測端部130也是由剛性材料所組成。The cross tube 110 is implemented by a rigid hollow tube having a length of about 350 mm. The vertical tube 120 is composed of a rigid hollow tube having a length of 500-700 mm, and the measuring end portion 130 is also composed of a rigid material.
該橫管110內部安置一電源模組210及一通訊模組220，該橫管外裝置一通訊天線221，且該通訊天線221電性連接該通訊模組220，各模組間以及模組與通訊天線221或後述各感測器間使用排線300做訊號與電源傳輸。A power module 210 and a communication module 220 are disposed in the horizontal tube 110. The communication device 221 is electrically connected to the communication module 220, and the modules and modules are connected. The communication antenna 221 or each of the sensors described later uses the cable 300 for signal and power transmission.
一重力感測器(加速度感測器)230裝設於該豎管120內鄰近該橫管110，使用該重力感測器230來感測地層之移動；實施上，該重力感測器230使用軟性矽膠塗抹感測器與電 路板做防水處理後裝置於該豎管120內頂部。A gravity sensor (acceleration sensor) 230 is disposed in the vertical tube 120 adjacent to the horizontal tube 110, and the gravity sensor 230 is used to sense the movement of the formation; in practice, the gravity sensor 230 is used. Soft silicone coating sensor and electricity The road board is waterproofed and disposed on the top of the standpipe 120.
該量測端部130內裝設有一相對濕度/溫度計240及一壓力計250。實施上，該相對濕度/溫度計240與該絕對壓力計250分別固定於兩個電路板，兩個電路板連結固定在一起，並透過排線300傳輸電源與信號，該相對濕度/溫度計240的電路板在該壓力計250電路板上方，電路板部分全部使用軟性矽膠塗抹做防水處裡，然後安置該量測端部130與該豎管120底部由一隔離版121所建立之通氣隔離空間400內。The measuring end portion 130 is provided with a relative humidity/thermometer 240 and a pressure gauge 250. In practice, the relative humidity/thermometer 240 and the absolute pressure gauge 250 are respectively fixed to two circuit boards, the two circuit boards are fixedly connected together, and the power supply and the signal are transmitted through the cable 300, and the circuit of the relative humidity/thermometer 240 The board is above the pressure meter 250 circuit board, and the circuit board part is all coated with a soft silicone rubber to be waterproof, and then the measuring end portion 130 and the bottom of the vertical tube 120 are separated by a spacer 121. .
實施上，本發明的感測器都可使用消費性微機電感測器(MEMS sensor)，微機電系統(Microelectromechanical Systems，MEMS)是將微電子技術與機械工程融合到一起的一種工業技術，它的操作範圍在微米範圍內。In practice, the sensor of the present invention can use a consumer MEMS sensor, which is an industrial technology that combines microelectronics technology with mechanical engineering. The operating range is in the micrometer range.
又，該量測端部130的底側設有外露的一透水石140，該通氣隔離空間400內的該壓力計250設置於該透水石140的凹部141，且該壓力計250與該透水石140間填滿矽油(Silicone Oil)150。且該通氣隔離空間400使用混合之皂土與砂土160填滿。Moreover, the bottom side of the measuring end portion 130 is provided with an exposed permeable stone 140. The pressure gauge 250 in the venting isolation space 400 is disposed in the concave portion 141 of the permeable stone 140, and the pressure gauge 250 and the permeable stone 140 were filled with Silicone Oil 150. And the venting isolation space 400 is filled with mixed bentonite and sand 160.
當該豎管120底部該量測端部130附近的土壤飽和時，飽和土壤內之孔隙水會透過該些透氣孔131進入該通氣隔離空間400時，該通氣隔離空間400中的皂土會膨脹而將土壤孔隙水阻隔在該皂土與砂土160外層。使用該溼度/溫度計240配合該通氣隔離空間400內皂土與砂土160混合，量測周圍 土壤孔隙內空氣相對濕度，過量測土壤內部一密閉空間內之相對濕度，以間接方法估計非飽和狀態下土壤基質吸力，提供土壤非飽和狀態下之強度。When the soil near the measuring end portion 130 is saturated at the bottom of the vertical tube 120, when the pore water in the saturated soil enters the venting space 400 through the vent holes 131, the bentonite in the venting space 400 expands. The soil pore water is blocked in the outer layer of the bentonite and sand soil 160. The moisture/thermometer 240 is used to mix the bentonite in the venting space 400 with the sand 160, and the surrounding area is measured. The relative humidity of the air in the pores of the soil, the relative humidity in a confined space inside the soil is measured excessively, and the soil matrix suction in the unsaturated state is estimated by an indirect method to provide the strength under the soil unsaturated state.
且飽和土壤內之孔隙水則可透過該透水石140擠壓矽油(Silicone Oil)150，將孔隙水壓傳遞至該壓力計250，透過該壓力計250與透水石140配合量測土壤內孔隙水壓。矽油稠度(viscosity)與沸點高於水，長期使用比較不易產生氣化而失去其靈敏性。透水石140可以使用小孔隙之高進氣陶瓷，如此壓力計250也可以有相當程度負孔隙水壓或基質吸力量測之能力。And the pore water in the saturated soil can be squeezed through the permeable stone 140 to transfer the slick oil (Silicone Oil) 150, and the pore water pressure is transmitted to the pressure gauge 250, and the pore water in the soil is measured by the pressure gauge 250 and the permeable stone 140. Pressure. Viscosity and boiling point are higher than water, and it is less prone to gasification and lose its sensitivity for long-term use. The permeable stone 140 can use high-intake ceramics with small pores, so that the pressure gauge 250 can also have a considerable degree of negative pore water pressure or matrix suction force measurement capability.
請再參閱圖4，本發明的電源模組210可使用充電電池，可以與外界的太陽能充電模500組配合，減少更換電池的次數；或於需要時派員至現場更換內部電池。Referring to FIG. 4 again, the power module 210 of the present invention can use a rechargeable battery, and can cooperate with the external solar charging mold 500 group to reduce the number of times of replacing the battery; or dispatch the personnel to the field to replace the internal battery when needed.
本發明將元件封裝在一長度50-100公分之空心剛性金屬監測棒(stick)內，無須外接任何線路，便於安裝與維護，大幅降低成本，現場安裝時將一系列監測棒貫入地表約50公分即可。本發明在應用安裝時，配合一略小於監測棒底徑長之鑽錘或手鑽，鑽掘500 mm深之預鑽孔後，將本發明之整合式淺層邊坡穩定監測棒貫入預鑽孔底部，並以皂土將監測棒與地面接縫處進行防水封層，以防止地表水由此空隙滲入地層影響量測。防水封層完成後即完成整合式淺層邊坡穩定監測棒之安裝，並於管理單位處建立數據接受系統，進行 自動化整合式淺層邊坡穩定監測與預警。其中，感測訊號以無線方式傳輸至收集點，電源可以與太陽能電池配合，整合前述之數據與分析，決定是否發佈邊坡崩塌之預警。The invention encloses the component in a hollow rigid metal monitoring stick with a length of 50-100 cm, without any external wiring, which is convenient for installation and maintenance, and greatly reduces the cost. When the site is installed, a series of monitoring rods are penetrated into the ground surface by about 50 cm. Just fine. When the application is installed, the integrated shallow slope stability monitoring rod of the present invention is inserted into the pre-drilled after drilling a 500 mm deep pre-drilled hole with a drill hammer or a hand drill slightly smaller than the monitoring rod bottom diameter. At the bottom of the hole, the waterproofing seal is applied to the joint between the monitoring rod and the ground with bentonite to prevent the surface water from infiltrating into the formation and affecting the measurement. After the waterproof sealing layer is completed, the installation of the integrated shallow slope stability monitoring rod is completed, and a data receiving system is established at the management unit. Automated integrated shallow slope stability monitoring and early warning. The sensing signal is wirelessly transmitted to the collection point, and the power source can cooperate with the solar battery to integrate the aforementioned data and analysis to determine whether to issue an early warning of the slope collapse.
以上所述之實施例僅係為說明本發明之技術思想及特點，其目的在使熟習此項技藝之人士能夠瞭解本發明之內容並據以實施，當不能以之限定本發明之專利範圍，即大凡依本發明所揭示之精神所作之均等變化或修飾，仍應涵蓋在本發明之專利範圍內。The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of the technical spirit and the features of the present invention, and the objects of the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art, and the scope of the present invention cannot be limited thereto. That is, the equivalent variations or modifications made by the spirit of the present invention should still be included in the scope of the present invention.
110‧‧‧橫管110‧‧‧cross tube
120‧‧‧豎管120‧‧‧Rose
130‧‧‧量測端部130‧‧‧measuring end
131‧‧‧透氣孔131‧‧‧ venting holes
140‧‧‧透水石140‧‧‧ permeable stone
210‧‧‧電源模組210‧‧‧Power Module
220‧‧‧通訊模組220‧‧‧Communication Module
221‧‧‧通訊天線221‧‧‧Communication antenna
230‧‧‧重力感測器230‧‧‧ Gravity Sensor
300‧‧‧排線300‧‧‧ cable
Claims (4)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| TW102124248A TWI509244B (en) | 2013-07-05 | 2013-07-05 | An integrated sensor stick for shallow slope stability monitoring |
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| TW102124248A TWI509244B (en) | 2013-07-05 | 2013-07-05 | An integrated sensor stick for shallow slope stability monitoring |
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| TW201502512A TW201502512A (en) | 2015-01-16 |
| TWI509244B true TWI509244B (en) | 2015-11-21 |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11230791A (en) * | 1998-02-17 | 1999-08-27 | Toshiba Eng Co Ltd | Monitor |
| JP2007026395A (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2007-02-01 | Yuzo Ogawa | Landslide detecting alarm |
| JP2007333725A (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2007-12-27 | National Applied Research Laboratories | Landform monitoring system and pressure sensing device used for landform monitoring system |
| JP3153131U (en) * | 2006-12-01 | 2009-08-27 | 株式会社リプロ | Information transmission pile |
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2013
- 2013-07-05 TW TW102124248A patent/TWI509244B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11230791A (en) * | 1998-02-17 | 1999-08-27 | Toshiba Eng Co Ltd | Monitor |
| JP2007026395A (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2007-02-01 | Yuzo Ogawa | Landslide detecting alarm |
| JP2007333725A (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2007-12-27 | National Applied Research Laboratories | Landform monitoring system and pressure sensing device used for landform monitoring system |
| JP3153131U (en) * | 2006-12-01 | 2009-08-27 | 株式会社リプロ | Information transmission pile |
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| TW201502512A (en) | 2015-01-16 |
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