TWI504218B - Configurable integrated radio processor - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/08—Access point devices
- H04W88/085—Access point devices with remote components
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
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Description
本公開涉及無線通訊,更具體地,涉及能夠被通常地製造並且在之後被編程為用戶規格的可配置無線電單元。The present disclosure relates to wireless communications and, more particularly, to configurable radio units that can be typically manufactured and then programmed to user specifications.
無線通訊裝置,例如行動電話,在個人的和商業的設置中變得常見。無線通訊裝置向用戶提供對各種訊息的存取以及與其他這種裝置跨長距離通訊的能力。例如,用戶可通過在裝置上的網際網路瀏覽器來存取網際網路,從數位市場下載微型應用軟體(例如,應用“app”),發送並接收電子郵件,或通過由網路協議話音傳送(VoIP)打電話。因此,無線通訊裝置向用戶提供了相當大的靈活性,同時允許他們保持“連接”至通訊通道和訊息。Wireless communication devices, such as mobile phones, have become commonplace in personal and commercial settings. Wireless communication devices provide users with access to a variety of messages and the ability to communicate over long distances with other such devices. For example, users can access the Internet through an Internet browser on the device, download micro-application software (for example, application "app") from the digital market, send and receive e-mail, or pass the Internet protocol. Voice over (VoIP) calls. As a result, wireless communication devices provide users with considerable flexibility while allowing them to remain "connected" to communication channels and messages.
無線通訊裝置與一個或多個其他無線通訊裝置或無線接入點通訊以發送和接收數據。通常,第一無線通訊裝置產生並且傳輸用編碼的訊息調製的無線電頻率訊號。此無線電頻率訊號被傳輸至無線環境並且被第二無線通訊裝置接收。第二無線通訊裝置解調並且解碼所接收的訊號以獲得該訊息。第二無線通訊裝置然後可以以類似的方式響應。無線通訊裝置可利用任意所知調製方案(包括:幅度調製(AM)、頻率調製(FM)、正交幅度調製(QAM)、相移鍵控(PSK)、正交相移鍵控(QPSK)和/或正交頻分複用(OFDM))以及現在或將來所知的任意其他通訊方案彼此或者與存取點通訊。The wireless communication device communicates with one or more other wireless communication devices or wireless access points to transmit and receive data. Typically, the first wireless communication device generates and transmits a radio frequency signal modulated with the encoded message. This radio frequency signal is transmitted to the wireless environment and received by the second wireless communication device. The second wireless communication device demodulates and decodes the received signal to obtain the message. The second wireless communication device can then respond in a similar manner. The wireless communication device can utilize any known modulation scheme (including: amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), phase shift keying (PSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK). And/or Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and any other communication schemes now or in the future are in communication with each other or with an access point.
在許多無線通訊環境中,第一或第二無線通訊裝置中的一個用作提供在用戶裝置與中央通訊設施之間的通訊的基地台。在這 種基地台中,無線電單元通常被定位在蜂窩塔的物理高點以與用戶裝置通訊。然而,訊號處理的重要部分通過通訊設施實際發生在被定位在距離該無線電單元相當距離處(例如,在地下掩體中或在附近)的基頻處理器中。In many wireless communication environments, one of the first or second wireless communication devices acts as a base station that provides communication between the user device and the central communication facility. At this In a base station, the radio unit is typically positioned at the physical high point of the cellular tower to communicate with the user device. However, an important part of the signal processing actually occurs in the baseband processor located at a considerable distance from the radio unit (e.g., in or near the underground bunker) through the communication facility.
在傳統的基地台中,基頻模組和無線電模組在通用公共無線電介面(CPRI)或其他介面下彼此通訊。然而,在許多基地台中,每個服務提供者可具有以專有方式操作的其自己的基頻處理器從而允許服務提供者壟斷其自己的裝備。為了便於無線電單元與服務提供者的唯一基頻處理器之間的通訊,服務提供者因而必須提供FPGA(現場可編程門陣列)或其他可編程電路,其將通過無線電單元接收的訊息通訊轉換成可通過其自己的基頻處理器處理的訊息,並且反之亦然。In a traditional base station, the baseband module and the radio module communicate with each other under the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) or other interface. However, in many base stations, each service provider may have its own baseband processor operating in a proprietary manner to allow the service provider to monopolize its own equipment. In order to facilitate communication between the radio unit and the service provider's unique baseband processor, the service provider must therefore provide an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) or other programmable circuit that converts the communication of messages received by the radio unit into Messages that can be processed by their own baseband processor, and vice versa.
本公開提供了一種可配置無線電單元,能夠經由通用公共無線電介面(CPRI)標準從基頻處理器接收訊息,該無線電單元包括:CPRI成幀模組,被配置為根據從基頻處理器接收的訊息產生基於用戶定義的線速率和用戶定義的幀長度中的至少一個的CPRI基本幀的流;協議泵模組,被配置為從對應於正交訊號訊息的CPRI基本幀流的連續CPRI基本幀提取用戶定義的第一子集的連續位;以及控制通道模組,被配置為從對應於控制通道訊息的CPRI基本幀流的連續CPRI基本幀提取用戶定義的第二子集的連續位。The present disclosure provides a configurable radio unit capable of receiving information from a baseband processor via a Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) standard, the radio unit comprising: a CPRI framing module configured to receive from a baseband processor The message generates a stream of CPRI basic frames based on at least one of a user-defined line rate and a user-defined frame length; the protocol pump module configured to be a continuous CPRI basic frame from a CPRI basic frame stream corresponding to the orthogonal signal message Extracting successive bits of the first subset defined by the user; and controlling the channel module configured to extract successive bits of the second subset of the user definition from successive CPRI basic frames of the CPRI basic frame stream corresponding to the control channel message.
優選地,CPRI成幀模組被配置為在用戶定義的線速率而不是由CPRI標準定義的標準線速率下進行操作,並且其中,CPRI成幀模組被配置為在用戶定義的幀長度而不是由CPRI標準定義的標準幀長度下進行操作。Preferably, the CPRI framing module is configured to operate at a user defined line rate rather than a standard line rate defined by the CPRI standard, and wherein the CPRI framing module is configured to be at a user defined frame length instead of Operates under the standard frame length defined by the CPRI standard.
優選地,協議泵模組包括:位泵模組,被配置為提取用戶定義的第一子集的連續位;以及協議成幀模組,被配置為將提取的第一子集的連續位組織成正交數據訊號的同相和正交採樣。Preferably, the protocol pump module comprises: a bit pump module configured to extract successive bits of the first subset defined by the user; and a protocol framing module configured to organize successive bits of the extracted first subset In-phase and quadrature sampling of orthogonal data signals.
優選地,位泵模組被配置為通過用於定義用戶定義的第一子集的連續位的開始位和長度來編程,並且其中,位泵模組被配置為從在編程開始位開始並且具有等於編程長度的多個位的每個CPRI基本幀提取第一子集的連續位。Preferably, the bit pump module is configured to be programmed by a start bit and a length for defining successive bits of the user-defined first subset, and wherein the bit pump module is configured to start from a programming start bit and has Each CPRI basic frame equal to a plurality of bits of the programmed length extracts consecutive bits of the first subset.
優選地,位泵模組通過從每個連續的CPRI基本幀提取第一子集的連續位來產生恒定頻寬連續數據流。Preferably, the bit pump module generates a constant bandwidth continuous data stream by extracting successive bits of the first subset from each successive CPRI basic frame.
優選地,協議成幀模組被配置為,當無線電單元採用以基本幀流的基本幀速率的整數倍的採樣速率操作的通訊方案時,使得位泵模組從每個連續CPRI基本幀提取整數個同相和正交採樣。Preferably, the protocol framing module is configured to cause the bit pump module to extract integers from each successive CPRI basic frame when the radio unit employs a communication scheme that operates at a sampling rate that is an integer multiple of the basic frame rate of the basic frame stream. In-phase and quadrature sampling.
優選地,協議成幀模組被配置為,當無線電單元採用以不是基本幀流的基本幀速率的整數倍的採樣速率操作的通訊方案時,產生用於基於通過位泵模組提取的第一子集的連續位來組織整數倍的同相和正交採樣的容器幀。Preferably, the protocol framing module is configured to generate a first for extracting based on the pass bit pump module when the radio unit employs a communication scheme that operates at a sampling rate that is not an integer multiple of the base frame rate of the basic frame stream Consecutive bits of the subset to organize integer multiples of in-phase and quadrature-sampled container frames.
優選地,控制通道模組包括:位泵模組,被配置為從作為虛擬控制通道幀的控制通道訊息的連續CPRI基本幀提取用戶定義的第二子集的連續位;多個數據模組,被配置為處理包含在虛擬控制通道幀內的不同組訊息;以及子通道解複用器,被配置為通過在虛擬控制通道幀內的特定組訊息的位置可編程,並且被配置為將特定組訊息在它們從位泵模組被接收到時引導至多個數據模組中的對應的那些。Preferably, the control channel module comprises: a bit pump module configured to extract a continuous bit of the second subset defined by the user from a continuous CPRI basic frame of the control channel message as a virtual control channel frame; a plurality of data modules, Configuring to process different sets of messages contained within a virtual control channel frame; and a subchannel demultiplexer configured to be programmable by the location of a particular set of messages within the virtual control channel frame and configured to target a particular group Messages are directed to corresponding ones of the plurality of data modules as they are received from the bit pump module.
本公開還提供了一種可配置無線電單元,能夠經由通用公共無線電介面(CPRI)標準從基頻處理器接收訊息並且利用所選擇的通訊方案處理用於傳輸至無線通訊環境的所接收的訊息,該無線電單元包括:CPRI成幀模組,被配置為根據從基頻處理器接收的訊息產生具有標準CPRI基本幀速率的CPRI基本幀的流;協議泵模組,被配置為從表示正交訊號訊息的CPRI基本幀流的連續CPRI基本幀提取一個子集的連續位;其中,所選擇的通訊方案採用不是標準CPRI基本幀速率的整數倍的採樣速率。The present disclosure also provides a configurable radio unit capable of receiving a message from a baseband processor via a Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) standard and processing the received message for transmission to a wireless communication environment using the selected communication scheme, The radio unit includes: a CPRI framing module configured to generate a stream of CPRI basic frames having a standard CPRI basic frame rate based on the information received from the baseband processor; the protocol pump module configured to represent the orthogonal signal message The continuous CPRI basic frame of the CPRI basic frame stream extracts successive bits of a subset; wherein the selected communication scheme employs a sampling rate that is not an integer multiple of the standard CPRI basic frame rate.
優選地,協議泵包括:協議成幀模組,被配置為產生用於正交訊號訊息的整數個同相和正交採樣並且識別要從CPRI基本幀流的每個CPRI基本幀提取的多個位的容器幀;以及位泵模組,被配置為等於位的數量的上限的每個CPRI基本幀提取多個位。Advantageously, the protocol pump comprises: a protocol framing module configured to generate an integer number of in-phase and quadrature samples for the orthogonal signal message and to identify a plurality of bits to be extracted from each CPRI basic frame of the CPRI basic frame stream a container frame; and a bit pump module that is configured to extract a plurality of bits per CPRI basic frame equal to the upper limit of the number of bits.
優選地,協議成幀模組被配置為通過確定通訊方案採樣速率與CPRI基本幀速率的最小公倍數,基於確定的最小公倍數改變容器幀的尺寸並且將所提取的子集的連續位組織成多個同相/正交符號來產生容器幀。Preferably, the protocol framing module is configured to change the size of the container frame based on the determined least common multiple and to organize the consecutive bits of the extracted subset into multiple by determining a least common multiple of the communication scheme sampling rate and the CPRI basic frame rate Inphase/orthogonal symbols are used to generate container frames.
優選地,協議成幀產生具有擋住多個同相/正交符號的多個前面填充位和多個後面填充位的容器幀,其中,協議成幀器將所提取的子集的連續位組織成多個同相/正交符號使得多個同相/正交符號中的每一個包括至少一個符號填充位。Preferably, the protocol framing generates a container frame having a plurality of preceding padding bits and a plurality of padding bits that block the plurality of in-phase/orthogonal symbols, wherein the protocol framer organizes successive bits of the extracted subset into a plurality of frames The in-phase/orthogonal symbols cause each of the plurality of in-phase/orthogonal symbols to include at least one symbol fill bit.
優選地,多個同相/正交符號中的每一個包括至少一個指定用於第一通訊通道的數據採樣和至少一個指定用於第二通訊通道的數據採樣。Preferably, each of the plurality of in-phase/orthogonal symbols comprises at least one data sample designated for the first communication channel and at least one data sample designated for the second communication channel.
優選地,協議成幀模組被配置為,當檢測到通訊方案採樣速率與CPRI基本幀速率之間的滑移時,將容器幀的尺寸修改至少一個CPRI基本幀的尺寸。Preferably, the protocol framing module is configured to modify the size of the container frame to the size of at least one CPRI basic frame when detecting a slip between the communication scheme sampling rate and the CPRI basic frame rate.
本公開還提供了一種用於當採用採樣速率不是CPRI基本幀流的CPRI基本幀速率的整數倍的通訊方案時傳輸包含在CPRI基本幀流內的訊號數據的方法,該方法包括:計算通訊方案採樣速率和所CPRI基本幀速率的最小公倍數;基於所計算的最小公倍數產生容器幀;從CPRI基本幀流的連續CPRI基本幀提取一個子集的位;將所提取的子集的位組織成在容器幀內的多個同相/正交符號;以及緩衝容器幀用於傳輸。The present disclosure also provides a method for transmitting signal data contained in a CPRI basic frame stream when a communication scheme in which a sampling rate is not an integer multiple of a CPRI basic frame rate of a CPRI basic frame stream is employed, the method comprising: calculating a communication scheme a least common multiple of the sampling rate and the CPRI basic frame rate; generating a container frame based on the calculated least common multiple; extracting a subset of bits from a continuous CPRI basic frame of the CPRI basic frame stream; organizing the bits of the extracted subset into Multiple in-phase/orthogonal symbols within the container frame; and buffer container frames for transmission.
優選地,將所提取的子集的位組織成多個同相/正交符號包括將至少一個符號填充位放置在每個同相/正交符號中,並且其中,產生容器幀包括將多個前面填充位放置在容器幀的開始並且將多 個後面填充位放置在容器幀末端,以擋住多個同相/正交符號。Advantageously, organizing the bits of the extracted subset into a plurality of in-phase/orthogonal symbols comprises placing at least one symbol fill bit in each in-phase/orthogonal symbol, and wherein generating the container frame comprises populating the plurality of front-ends The bit is placed at the beginning of the container frame and will be more The following padding bits are placed at the end of the container frame to block multiple in-phase/orthogonal symbols.
優選地,將提取的子集組織成在容器幀內的多個同相/正交符號包括將指定於第一通訊通道的至少一個數據採樣和指定於第二通訊通道的至少一個數據採樣放置在多個同相/正交符號中的每一個中。Advantageously, organizing the extracted subset into a plurality of in-phase/orthogonal symbols within the container frame comprises placing at least one data sample designated for the first communication channel and at least one data sample designated for the second communication channel In each of the in-phase/orthogonal symbols.
優選地,該方法進一步包括針對時鐘滑移而監控與通訊方案相關聯的時鐘以及與CPRI基本幀流相關聯的時鐘;以及當已檢測到時鐘滑移時,補償時鐘滑移。Advantageously, the method further comprises monitoring a clock associated with the communication scheme and a clock associated with the CPRI elementary frame stream for clock slip; and compensating for clock slip when the clock slip has been detected.
優選地,該方法進一步包括將時鐘滑移情形確定為是當通訊方案時鐘運行得比期望的更慢和CPRI時鐘運行得比期望的更快中的至少一種時的溢出情形或者是當通訊方案時鐘運行得比期望的更快和CPRI時鐘運行得比期望的更慢中的至少一種時的下溢情形。Preferably, the method further comprises determining the clock slip condition as an overflow condition when the communication scheme clock is running slower than desired and the CPRI clock is running faster than desired, or when the communication scheme clock is An underflow condition that runs faster than expected and at least one of the CPRI clocks running slower than desired.
優選地,補償時鐘滑移包括根據已檢測到溢出情況還是下溢情況而將容器幀的尺寸增大或減小至少一個CPRI基本幀的尺寸。Preferably, compensating for clock slip includes increasing or decreasing the size of the container frame by at least one CPRI base frame based on whether an overflow condition or an underflow condition has been detected.
100‧‧‧無線通訊環境100‧‧‧Wireless communication environment
110‧‧‧第一無線通訊裝置110‧‧‧First wireless communication device
111、121‧‧‧天線111, 121‧‧‧ antenna
114‧‧‧可配置無線電模組114‧‧‧Configurable radio module
116‧‧‧基頻模組116‧‧‧Baseband Module
120‧‧‧第二無線通訊裝置120‧‧‧Second wireless communication device
121‧‧‧天線121‧‧‧Antenna
200‧‧‧無線電模組200‧‧‧ radio module
210‧‧‧通訊介面210‧‧‧Communication interface
220‧‧‧CPRI成幀模組220‧‧‧CPRI framing module
230‧‧‧協議泵模組230‧‧‧ protocol pump module
235‧‧‧I/Q總線235‧‧‧I/Q bus
240‧‧‧控制通道模組240‧‧‧Control channel module
245‧‧‧數據總線245‧‧‧Data bus
250‧‧‧控制器模組250‧‧‧Controller Module
260‧‧‧儲存器模組260‧‧‧Storage module
300‧‧‧協議泵模組300‧‧‧ protocol pump module
310‧‧‧位泵模組310‧‧‧ bit pump module
320‧‧‧協議成幀模組320‧‧‧ Protocol framing module
410‧‧‧CPRI基本幀流410‧‧‧CPRI basic frame stream
412‧‧‧CPRI基本幀412‧‧‧CPRI basic frame
415‧‧‧位序列415‧‧‧ bit sequence
420‧‧‧容器幀420‧‧‧ container frame
430‧‧‧前面填充位430‧‧‧Front padding
440‧‧‧符號440‧‧‧ symbol
450‧‧‧後面填充位450‧‧‧Back padding
460‧‧‧I/Q採樣460‧‧‧I/Q sampling
470‧‧‧符號填充位470‧‧‧ symbol fill
500‧‧‧符號500‧‧‧ symbol
510‧‧‧符號填充位510‧‧‧ symbol padding
600‧‧‧控制通道模組600‧‧‧Control channel module
610‧‧‧位泵模組610‧‧ ‧ pump module
620、620a~620c‧‧‧子通道解複用器620, 620a~620c‧‧‧Subchannel Demultiplexer
630‧‧‧乙太網數據模組630‧‧‧Ethernet Data Module
640‧‧‧HDLC數據模組640‧‧‧HDLC data module
650‧‧‧原始數據模組650‧‧‧ raw data module
810~890‧‧‧步驟810~890‧‧‧Steps
900~940‧‧‧步驟900~940‧‧‧Steps
將參照附圖描述實施方式。在附圖中,相同的參考標號指示相同或功能類似的元件。另外,參考標號最左邊的數位(或多個數位)標識其中參考標號首先出現的附圖。Embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the In addition, the leftmost digit (or digits) of the reference number identifies the drawing in which the reference number first appears.
圖1示出了示例性無線通訊環境的框圖;圖2示出了可在無線通訊環境內實現的示例性可配置無線電模組的框圖;圖3示出了可在可配置無線電模組內實現的示例性協議泵模組的框圖;圖4示出了示例性容器幀結構/分解;圖5示出了可被包括在該容器幀內的示例性符號;圖6示出了可在可配置無線電模組內實現的示例性控制通道模組的框圖; 圖7示出了可通過控制通道模組處理的示例性控制通道幀;圖8示出了用於從CPRI訊號提取訊號和控制數據的示例性方法;以及圖9示出了用於補償時鐘滑移的示例性方法。1 shows a block diagram of an exemplary wireless communication environment; FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of an exemplary configurable radio module that can be implemented within a wireless communication environment; FIG. 3 shows a configurable radio module A block diagram of an exemplary protocol pump module implemented therein; FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary container frame structure/decomposition; FIG. 5 illustrates exemplary symbols that may be included within the container frame; FIG. 6 illustrates A block diagram of an exemplary control channel module implemented within a configurable radio module; Figure 7 illustrates an exemplary control channel frame that can be processed by the control channel module; Figure 8 illustrates an exemplary method for extracting signals and control data from a CPRI signal; and Figure 9 illustrates compensation for clock slipping An exemplary method of shifting.
下面的詳細描述參閱附圖,以示出與公開一致的示例性實施方式。在詳細描述中參閱“一種示例性實施方式”、“示例性實施方式”、“實例示例性實施方式”等指示所描述的示例性實施方式可包括特定特徵、結構或特性,但每個示例性實施方式並不是必須包括特定特徵、結構或特性。此外,這種術語並不一定參考相同的示例性實施方式。另外,當結合示例性實施方式描述特定的特徵、結構或特性時,在本領域技術人員的知識範圍內的是無論是否明確地描述都能結合其他示例性實施方式來影響這種特徵、結構或特性。The detailed description below refers to the accompanying drawings in which, FIG. The exemplary embodiments described with reference to "an exemplary embodiment", "exemplary embodiment", "example exemplary embodiment", and the like, may include specific features, structures, or characteristics, but each exemplary Implementations do not necessarily include specific features, structures, or characteristics. Moreover, such terms are not necessarily referring to the same exemplary embodiments. In addition, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with the exemplary embodiments, it is within the knowledge of those skilled in the art that, in conjunction with other exemplary embodiments, such features, structures, or characteristic.
提供本文所描述的示例性實施方式是為了示出的目的,而不是限制。其他示例性實施方式是可能的,並且在公開的思想和範圍內科對示例性實施方式進行變形。因此,具體實施方式並不意在限制發明。更準確地,僅結合下列的申請專利範圍和其等價物來定義發明的範圍。The exemplary embodiments described herein are provided for purposes of illustration and not limitation. Other exemplary embodiments are possible, and the exemplary embodiments are modified within the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Therefore, the specific embodiments are not intended to limit the invention. To be more precise, the scope of the invention is defined only by the scope of the claims and the equivalents thereof.
實施方式可以以硬體(例如,電路)、固件、軟體或其任意結合來實現。實施方式還可被實現為被儲存在機器可讀介質中的指令,其可通過一個或多個處理器被讀取並執行。機器可讀介質可包括用於儲存或傳輸以通過機器(例如,計算裝置)可讀取的形式的訊息的機構。例如,機器可讀介質可包括只讀儲存器(ROM);隨機存取儲存器(RAM);磁碟儲存介質;光儲存介質;閃存裝置;電、光、聲或其他形式的傳播訊號(例如,載波、紅外訊號、數位訊號燈)以及其他。此外,固件、軟體、程序、指令在本文中可被描述為執行特性動作。然而,應理解的是這種描述僅是為了 方便並且這種動作實際上由執行固件、軟體、程序、指令等的裝置、處理器、控制器或其他裝置產生。此外,如下所述,可通過通用計算機來執行任意的實現方式的變形。Embodiments may be implemented in hardware (eg, circuitry), firmware, software, or any combination thereof. Embodiments can also be implemented as instructions stored in a machine readable medium, which can be read and executed by one or more processors. A machine-readable medium can include a mechanism for storing or transmitting a message in a form readable by a machine (eg, a computing device). For example, a machine-readable medium can include a read only memory (ROM); a random access memory (RAM); a magnetic disk storage medium; an optical storage medium; a flash memory device; an electrical, optical, acoustic, or other form of propagated signal (eg, , carrier, infrared signal, digital signal light) and others. Furthermore, firmware, software, programs, instructions may be described herein as performing characteristic actions. However, it should be understood that this description is only for Convenient and such actions are actually produced by a device, processor, controller or other device that executes firmware, software, programs, instructions, and the like. Further, as described below, variations of any implementation may be performed by a general purpose computer.
為了該討論的目的,術語“模組”應被理解成包括軟體、固件、以及硬體中的至少一個(諸如,一個或多個電路、微晶片或裝置,或其任意結合)以及其任意結合。另外,應理解的是,每個模組可包括在實際裝置內的一個或多於一個的組件,並且形成所述模組的一部分的每個組件可協同地或獨立地起到形成該模組的一部分的任意其他組件的作用。反過來,本文所描述的多個模組可表示在實際裝置內的單個組件。此外,在模組內的組件可以是在單個裝置中或以有線或無線方式分佈在多個裝置之間。For the purposes of this discussion, the term "module" shall be taken to include at least one of software, firmware, and hardware, such as one or more circuits, microchips, or devices, or any combination thereof, and any combination thereof. . In addition, it should be understood that each module can include one or more components within the actual device, and each component forming part of the module can function to form the module either cooperatively or independently. Part of the role of any other component. In turn, the various modules described herein may represent a single component within an actual device. Moreover, components within a module can be distributed between multiple devices in a single device or in a wired or wireless manner.
示例性實施方式的下列描述將如此充分地揭示發明的一般屬性以至於在不背離公開的思想和範圍的情況下,在不存在過度實驗的情況下,其他人可通過應用在本領域技術人員的知識來針對各種應用容易地修改和/或改編這種示例性實施方式。因此,這種改編和修改意在在基於本文所給出的教導和指導的示例性實施方式的含義和多個等價物內。應理解的是,本文的措辭和術語是為了描述的目的並且並不是限制性的,使得本說明書的措辭和術語可被本領域技術人員關於本文的教導來解釋。The following description of the exemplary embodiments will fully disclose the general nature of the invention so that, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, in the absence of undue experiment, others may be employed by those skilled in the art Knowledge to easily modify and/or adapt such exemplary embodiments for various applications. Therefore, such adaptations and modifications are intended to be within the meaning and various equivalents of the exemplary embodiments described herein. It should be understood that the phraseology and terminology herein is for the purpose of description and description
儘管下列描述按照無線通訊(具體地,移動通訊)來描述,但本領域技術人員將認識到在不背離本公開的思想和範圍的情況下此描述還可被應用於使用有線的、光的或其他的無線通訊方法的其他通訊。Although the following description is described in terms of wireless communication (specifically, mobile communication), those skilled in the art will appreciate that the description can also be applied to use wired, optical or, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Other communications for other wireless communication methods.
示例性無線通訊環境Exemplary wireless communication environment
圖1示出了無線通訊環境100的示例性框圖。無線通訊環境100在無線通訊裝置之間提供訊息(諸如,一個或多個命令和/或數據)的無線通訊。無線通訊裝置可均被實現為單獨的或分立的裝置(諸如,行動電話),或者可以被結合進或耦接至另一電裝置 或主機裝置,諸如,便攜計算裝置、照相機、或全球定位系統(GPS)單元或其他計算裝置,諸如個人數位助理、視頻遊戲裝置、手提電腦、桌上型電腦、或平板電腦、例如引表機或便攜的音頻和/或視頻播放器,和/或在不背離本公開的思想和範圍的情況下對本領域技術人員顯而易見的任意其他合適的電子裝置。FIG. 1 shows an exemplary block diagram of a wireless communication environment 100. The wireless communication environment 100 provides wireless communication of information, such as one or more commands and/or data, between wireless communication devices. The wireless communication devices can each be implemented as a separate or discrete device (such as a mobile phone) or can be incorporated or coupled to another electrical device Or a host device, such as a portable computing device, a camera, or a Global Positioning System (GPS) unit or other computing device, such as a personal digital assistant, a video game device, a laptop, a desktop computer, or a tablet computer, such as a lead machine Or a portable audio and/or video player, and/or any other suitable electronic device apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
示例性無線通訊環境100包括第一無線通訊裝置110和第二無線通訊裝置120。第一無線通訊裝置110和第二無線通訊裝置120中的每一個可被包括在均能夠無線傳輸和無線接收的對應無線傳輸通訊裝置。為了該討論的目的,第一無線通訊裝置110可表示基地台的示例性實施方式,而第二無線通訊裝置120可表示在無線通訊網路內的用戶裝置/訂戶站的示例性實施方式。The exemplary wireless communication environment 100 includes a first wireless communication device 110 and a second wireless communication device 120. Each of the first wireless communication device 110 and the second wireless communication device 120 can be included in a corresponding wireless transmission communication device capable of both wireless transmission and wireless reception. For the purposes of this discussion, the first wireless communication device 110 can represent an exemplary embodiment of a base station, and the second wireless communication device 120 can represent an exemplary embodiment of a user device/subscriber station within a wireless communication network.
基地台可包括專有基頻模組116和可配置無線電模組114。基頻模組116對發出的訊號在將這些訊號轉發至可配置無線電模組114之前執行各種訊號處理功能。如上面所討論的,傳統基地台要求用於便於專用基頻模組與無線電單元之間的通訊的附加FPGA。為了避免要求這種FPGA,基地台110包括可配置無線電模組114。The base station can include a proprietary baseband module 116 and a configurable radio module 114. The baseband module 116 performs various signal processing functions on the transmitted signals before forwarding the signals to the configurable radio module 114. As discussed above, conventional base stations require an additional FPGA for facilitating communication between the dedicated baseband module and the radio unit. To avoid requiring such an FPGA, base station 110 includes a configurable radio module 114.
基於其配置,無線電模組114能夠在無介入的FPGA的情況下與專用基頻模組116通訊。在從基頻模組116接收到發出的訊號之後,無線電模組114對發出的訊號執行附加的處理並且將該訊號經由天線111傳輸至無線通訊環境110。本領域技術人員將認識到天線111可包括整個天線陣列,並且天線111可能夠傳輸和接收訊號。Based on its configuration, the radio module 114 can communicate with the dedicated baseband module 116 in the absence of an intervening FPGA. After receiving the transmitted signal from the baseband module 116, the radio module 114 performs additional processing on the transmitted signal and transmits the signal to the wireless communication environment 110 via the antenna 111. Those skilled in the art will recognize that antenna 111 can include the entire antenna array and that antenna 111 can be capable of transmitting and receiving signals.
第二無線通訊裝置120經由其天線121從無線通訊環境100接收訊號。再次,本領域技術人員將認識到天線121可包括整個天線陣列,並且天線121可能夠傳輸和接收訊號。第二無線通訊裝置120可通過將訊號傳輸回基地台110來進行響應,該基地台接收和處理該訊號。The second wireless communication device 120 receives signals from the wireless communication environment 100 via its antenna 121. Again, those skilled in the art will recognize that antenna 121 can include the entire antenna array and that antenna 121 can be capable of transmitting and receiving signals. The second wireless communication device 120 can respond by transmitting a signal back to the base station 110, which receives and processes the signal.
下面關於相關附圖討論基地台和可配置無線電模組114的詳細功能。Detailed functions of the base station and configurable radio module 114 are discussed below with respect to related figures.
示例性可配置無線電模組Exemplary configurable radio module
圖2示出了可在無線通訊環境內實現的示例性可配置無線電模組200的框圖。無線電模組200包括協議泵模組230和控制通道模組240,並且可表示可配置無線電模組114的示例性實施方式。無線電模組可包括各種其他物理層裝置(例如,放大器、混頻濾波器、數位/模擬轉換器等)以進一步提供當需要無線訊號傳輸時的訊號處理,正如本領域中的這些技術人員所理解的。2 shows a block diagram of an exemplary configurable radio module 200 that can be implemented within a wireless communication environment. The radio module 200 includes a protocol pump module 230 and a control channel module 240, and may represent an exemplary embodiment of a configurable radio module 114. The radio module can include various other physical layer devices (eg, amplifiers, mixing filters, digital/analog converters, etc.) to further provide signal processing when wireless signal transmission is required, as understood by those skilled in the art. of.
將關於下行通訊方向進行下面的可配置無線電模組200的描述,其中無線電模組200為了至無線通訊環境100的通訊而從基頻模組116接收訊息。然而,本領域技術人員將容易地認識到為了在上行通訊方向中操作可以相反的順序類似地執行下列功能,其中無線電模組200將從通訊環境100接收到的訊息提供至基頻處理器116。A description of the following configurable radio module 200 will be made with respect to the downstream communication direction, wherein the radio module 200 receives messages from the baseband module 116 for communication to the wireless communication environment 100. However, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the following functions can be similarly performed in reverse order for operation in the upstream communication direction, wherein the radio module 200 provides information received from the communication environment 100 to the baseband processor 116.
無線電模組200包括能夠經由數據總線245與彼此通訊的控制器模組250和儲存器模組260。控制器模組250可被配置為儲存可通過無線電模組200的終端用戶編程的各種操作配置,包括允許控制器模組250控制無線電模組200的各種組件以實現專用通訊和處理方案的這種指令。控制器模組250可能夠控制一個或多個無線電模組200的元件以實現這些被編程的通訊和處理方案。The radio module 200 includes a controller module 250 and a memory module 260 that are capable of communicating with each other via a data bus 245. The controller module 250 can be configured to store various operational configurations that can be programmed by the end user of the radio module 200, including such that the controller module 250 is allowed to control various components of the radio module 200 to implement a dedicated communication and processing scheme. instruction. Controller module 250 may be capable of controlling the components of one or more radio modules 200 to implement these programmed communication and processing schemes.
無線電模組200包括被配置為將數據發送至基頻模組116/從基頻模組116接收數據的通訊介面210。通訊介面210可包括用以將到來/發出的訊號轉換成適當的傳輸格式的必要功能,諸如,一個或多個串行器/解串行器(SERDES)。一旦從基頻模組116接收到訊號,通訊介面210將接收到的訊息轉發至CPRI成幀模組220。The radio module 200 includes a communication interface 210 that is configured to transmit data to/from the baseband module 116. Communication interface 210 may include the necessary functions to convert incoming/outgoing signals into an appropriate transmission format, such as one or more serializer/deserializers (SERDES). Upon receiving a signal from the baseband module 116, the communication interface 210 forwards the received message to the CPRI framing module 220.
CPRI成幀模組220從接收到的數據流內部識別CPRI基本幀並且將得到的基本幀數據流轉發至協議泵模組230和控制通道模 組240中的每一個。協議泵模組230從基本幀數據流提取同相(I)以及正交(Q)的訊號訊息,並且將提取到的I/Q訊息轉發至I/Q總線235用於諸如上數位上轉換、數位下轉換和/或傳輸至無線通訊環境100的進一步處理。控制通道模組240從基本幀數據流提取控制通道訊息並且將此訊息轉發至數據總線245。然後,提取到的控制通道訊息可被控制器模組250處理和/或從那裡得到的訊息可被儲存到儲存器模組260中。The CPRI framing module 220 identifies the CPRI basic frame from the received data stream and forwards the resulting basic frame data stream to the protocol pump module 230 and the control channel module. Each of the groups 240. The protocol pump module 230 extracts in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) signal messages from the basic frame data stream, and forwards the extracted I/Q messages to the I/Q bus 235 for use in, for example, up-digit up-conversion, digits. Further processing of down conversion and/or transmission to the wireless communication environment 100. Control channel module 240 extracts control channel information from the basic frame data stream and forwards this message to data bus 245. The extracted control channel messages can then be processed by controller module 250 and/or messages obtained therefrom can be stored in memory module 260.
1.可編程的幀長度1. Programmable frame length
當與基頻模組116通訊時,CPRI標準規定了幾種標準線速率和幀長度,包括:
然而,許多專用系統採用落在此標準值列表之外的線速率和幀長度。因此,可配置無線電模組200的CPRI成幀模組220可被編程以實現非標準的線速率/幀長度。這可以通過設定在CPRI成幀模組220內的一個或多個數據寄存器,或者通過根據被儲存在儲存器模組260中的訊息來控制CPRI成幀模組220的控制器模組250來執行。However, many proprietary systems use line rates and frame lengths that fall outside of this list of standard values. Thus, the CPRI framing module 220 of the configurable radio module 200 can be programmed to achieve a non-standard line rate/frame length. This can be performed by one or more data registers set in the CPRI framing module 220, or by controlling the controller module 250 of the CPRI framing module 220 based on the information stored in the memory module 260. .
利用被編程的線速率/幀長度,CPRI成幀模組220產生包含從基頻模組116接收的訊息的CPRI基本幀流,然後其轉發至協議泵230和控制通道模組240用於進一步的處理。Using the programmed line rate/frame length, the CPRI framing module 220 generates a CPRI basic frame stream containing the information received from the baseband module 116, which is then forwarded to the protocol pump 230 and the control channel module 240 for further use. deal with.
2.協議泵模組2. Protocol pump module
圖3示出了可在可配置無線電模組200內實現的示例性協議泵模組300的框圖。協議泵模組300包括位泵模組310和協議成幀模組320,並且可表示協議泵模組230的示例性實施方式。圖4示出了示例性容器幀結構/分解,並且將被用於描述協議泵模組300的功能。FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary protocol pump module 300 that may be implemented within configurable radio module 200. The protocol pump module 300 includes a bit pump module 310 and a protocol framing module 320, and may represent an exemplary embodiment of the protocol pump module 230. FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary container frame structure/decomposition and will be used to describe the functionality of the protocol pump module 300.
協議泵模組300從CPRI成幀模組220接收CPRI基本幀的流410。CPRI基本幀流410包括多個CPRI基本幀412。位泵模組310從每個CPRI基本幀412提取連續編號的位415以產生虛擬數據流。通常,此連續編號的位在位置和長度上都通過CPRI基本幀標準預定義。然而,位泵模組310可根據終端用戶的設計意向被編程,這規定了有意義的定製。The protocol pump module 300 receives a stream 410 of CPRI basic frames from the CPRI framing module 220. The CPRI basic frame stream 410 includes a plurality of CPRI basic frames 412. Bit pump module 310 extracts consecutively numbered bits 415 from each CPRI basic frame 412 to produce a virtual data stream. Typically, this consecutively numbered bits are predefined in position and length by the CPRI basic frame standard. However, the bit pump module 310 can be programmed according to the end user's design intent, which dictates meaningful customization.
例如,在傳統系統中,可要求位泵提取在每個CPRI基本幀的位32處開始的12個連續的位,這明顯不允許定製和/或個性化,並且因此不會有助於使晶片專用。通過允許位泵模組310可被編程,CPRI基本幀可以實際上以任意方式被構造,使得在那些基本幀內的位佈局可被定製。例如,位泵模組310可提供開始位以及長度被編程。然後位泵模組310將從每個基本幀412提取等於該長度的開始於開始位的連續編號的位。For example, in a conventional system, a bit pump may be required to extract 12 consecutive bits starting at bit 32 of each CPRI basic frame, which obviously does not allow for customization and/or personalization, and thus does not contribute to Dedicated to the chip. By allowing the bit pump module 310 to be programmable, the CPRI basic frames can be constructed in virtually any way such that the bit layout within those basic frames can be customized. For example, the bit pump module 310 can provide a start bit and a length to be programmed. The bit pump module 310 will then extract from each basic frame 412 a number of consecutive numbers starting at the start bit equal to the length.
隨著位泵模組310從CPRI基本幀412提取指定的位序列415,位泵模組310將提取的位序列415轉發至協議成幀模組320。協議成幀模組320從位泵模組310接收固定頻寬數據流並且從數據流提取要被提供至I/Q總線235的I/Q採樣數據。As the bit pump module 310 extracts the specified bit sequence 415 from the CPRI basic frame 412, the bit pump module 310 forwards the extracted bit sequence 415 to the protocol framing module 320. The protocol framing module 320 receives the fixed bandwidth data stream from the bit pump module 310 and extracts I/Q sample data to be provided to the I/Q bus 235 from the data stream.
A.簡單提取A. Simple extraction
CPRI標準定義了CPRI基本幀速率的頻率為3.84MHz。當前 使用的幾個通訊方案採用該頻率的某些整倍數,其使得提取I/Q採樣相對直接。The CPRI standard defines a CPRI basic frame rate with a frequency of 3.84 MHz. current Several communication schemes used employ some integral multiple of this frequency, which makes extracting I/Q samples relatively straightforward.
在最簡單的實例中,通訊方案可採用3.84MHz,意味著在每個CPRI基本幀412中有一個I/Q採樣。如果每個採樣由16位數據構成,則協議成幀模組320只從每個CPRI基本幀412接收32位數據(I採樣的16位和Q採樣的16位)並且把這些位轉發至I/Q總線。在另一實例中,採用3.84MHz的CPRI標準頻率的兩倍的通訊方案在每個CPRI基本幀412中將具有兩個I/Q採樣。在這種情況下,協議成幀模組320接收訊息的64位(對應於2個I採樣和2個Q採樣的位)用於轉發。即使在此簡單的情況中,採樣大小可以是可編程的。例如,儘管每個基本幀可存在兩個採樣,但用戶可將採樣構造成非16位的特定數量的位。In the simplest case, the communication scheme can employ 3.84 MHz, meaning that there is one I/Q sample in each CPRI basic frame 412. If each sample consists of 16 bits of data, protocol framing module 320 receives only 32 bits of data (16 bits of I samples and 16 bits of Q samples) from each CPRI basic frame 412 and forwards these bits to I/ Q bus. In another example, a communication scheme that uses twice the CPRI standard frequency of 3.84 MHz will have two I/Q samples in each CPRI basic frame 412. In this case, protocol framing module 320 receives 64 bits of the message (corresponding to 2 I samples and 2 Q samples) for forwarding. Even in this simple case, the sample size can be programmable. For example, although there may be two samples per basic frame, the user may construct the samples as a specific number of bits other than 16 bits.
B.容器幀B. Container frame
然而,在許多情況中,被採用的通訊方案將不使用通過CPRI標準定義的3.84MHz的整倍數的採樣速率(例如,WIMAX、CDMA、GSM等)。當通訊方案的頻率不是3.84MHz的整倍數時,通訊方案的採樣速率將是這樣,即,在每個CPRI基本幀412中並不存在整數個的I/Q採樣。為了協調不同的頻率,協議成幀模組320產生容器幀420,如下所述。However, in many cases, the communication scheme employed will not use an integer multiple of 3.84 MHz defined by the CPRI standard (eg, WIMAX, CDMA, GSM, etc.). When the frequency of the communication scheme is not an integral multiple of 3.84 MHz, the sampling rate of the communication scheme will be such that there is no integer number of I/Q samples in each CPRI basic frame 412. To coordinate different frequencies, protocol framing module 320 generates container frame 420, as described below.
為了確保協議成幀模組320處理整數個I和Q採樣,協議成幀模組320計算或接收通訊方案的採樣速率和CPRI標準的採樣速率的最小公倍數Nsample 。例如,此最小公倍數Nsample 可以按50,000-60,000的規模大。在CPRI基本幀412的數量上,最小公倍數Nsample 對應於容器幀420的長度。例如,最小公倍數可計算如下:T CPRI =1/3.84MHz , (1)To ensure that the protocol framing module 320 processes an integer number of I and Q samples, the protocol framing module 320 calculates or receives the sampling rate of the communication scheme and the least common multiple N sample of the sampling rate of the CPRI standard. For example, the least common multiple N sample can be large on a scale of 50,000-60,000. The minimum common multiple N sample corresponds to the length of the container frame 420 in the number of CPRI basic frames 412. For example, the least common multiple can be calculated as follows: T CPRI = 1/3.84 MHz , (1)
T protocol =1/f sample_rate , (2) T protocol =1/ f sample_rate , (2)
T LCM =CLM (T CPRI, T protocol ), (3) T LCM = CLM ( T CPRI, T protocol ), (3)
N sample =T LCM /T protocol , (4) N sample = T LCM /T protocol , (4)
其中,TCPRI 是CPRI採樣週期,Tprotocol 是協議採樣週期並且TLCM 是這些週期的最小公倍數。Where T CPRI is the CPRI sampling period, T protocol is the protocol sampling period and T LCM is the least common multiple of these periods.
既然已確定了容器幀420的長度,協議成幀模組320可確定多少通訊方案採樣將適合在容器幀420內,並且將結果除回到基本幀的數量以確定需要由位泵模組310從每個CPRI基本幀412提取的位序列415(Nbits_per_frame )。例如,每個幀的位數可計算如下:N basic =T CLM /T CPRI , (5)Now that the length of the container frame 420 has been determined, the protocol framing module 320 can determine how many communication scheme samples will fit within the container frame 420 and divide the result back to the number of basic frames to determine the need for the bit pump module 310 to A bit sequence 415 (N bits_per_frame ) extracted by each CPRI basic frame 412. For example, the number of bits per frame can be calculated as follows: N basic = T CLM / T CPRI , (5)
N bits =N sample *bits_per_protocol_sample , (6) N bits = N sample * bits_per_protocol_sample , (6)
其中,N basic 是基本幀的數量,並且Nbits 是為了提取而計算的位的總數。Where N basic is the number of basic frames, and N bits is the total number of bits calculated for extraction.
在實例中,協議成幀模組320在上面的計算已被執行之後確定來自每個CPRI基本幀412的1.8位需填充容器幀420。因為協議成幀模組320不能在容器幀中分配部分位,所以改為協議成幀模組320分配每個CPRI基本幀412的所計算位數的最高限度(在一個實例中,)。因此,容器幀420將經常具有大於通訊方案協議所需的位數的大小。In an example, protocol framing module 320 determines that 1.8 bits from each CPRI basic frame 412 need to be populated with container frame 420 after the above calculations have been performed. Because the protocol framing module 320 cannot allocate partial bits in the container frame, instead the protocol framing module 320 allocates the maximum number of calculated bits per CPRI basic frame 412 (in one example, ). Therefore, container frame 420 will often have a size greater than the number of bits required by the communication scheme protocol.
為了容納此額外的空間,當根據所提取的位序列415構造容器幀420時,協議成幀模組420添加填充位。換言之,在下面的情況中會需要填充位:
例如,如圖4中所示,協議成幀模組320可添加擋住根據所提取的位序列415構造的多個符號440的前面填充位430和後面 填充位450。另外,在每個符號440內,除了多個I/Q採樣460以外,協議成幀模組320還可添加符號填充位470以有助於使所需緩衝器空間最小化並且降低系統延遲。For example, as shown in FIG. 4, protocol framing module 320 can add front padding bits 430 and subsequent blocks that block a plurality of symbols 440 constructed in accordance with extracted bit sequence 415. Fill bit 450. Additionally, within each symbol 440, in addition to the plurality of I/Q samples 460, the protocol framing module 320 can also add symbol fill bits 470 to help minimize the required buffer space and reduce system latency.
利用上面的配置向終端用戶提供重要的可用定製。例如,前面填充位430的數量和後面填充位450的數量均可被定義。另外,可使得填充位包括由在基地台110內的其他部件所使用“隱藏”訊息。此外,容器幀420內所包含的符號440的格式可以是定製的。Use the above configuration to provide end users with important available customizations. For example, both the number of padding bits 430 and the number of padding bits 450 can be defined. Additionally, the padding bits can be made to include "hidden" messages used by other components within the base station 110. Moreover, the format of the symbols 440 contained within the container frame 420 can be customized.
圖5示出了作為可被包括在該容器幀420內的符號440的實例的示例性符號500。作為可用定製的一部分,用戶可定義塊尺寸(A×C尺寸),並且構成每個符號的塊副本,以及符號填充位510的尺寸。FIG. 5 shows an exemplary symbol 500 as an example of a symbol 440 that may be included within the container frame 420. As part of the available customization, the user can define the block size (A x C size) and make up a block copy of each symbol, as well as the size of the symbol fill bit 510.
CPRI標準將A×C定義為天線載波的數量(一個天線載波是在一個天線上的一個載波的I/Q數據)。符號500由於其包括指定用於第一天線載波ch1和第二天線載波ch2的數據所以具有尺寸為2的A×C組。塊尺寸識別指定用於單個天線載波的連續採樣的數量。符號500具有為2的塊尺寸,因此對於兩個天線通道中的每一個包含兩個連續採樣的塊(例如,ch1[0]和ch1[1],ch2[0]和ch2[1]等)。最後,塊副本可被配置為定義單個通道的塊的倍數被包含在符號內。符號500具有等於2的塊副本,因此包括兩個通道1塊和兩個通道2塊(例如,ch1[0]/ch1[1]和ch1[2]/ch1[3]通道1塊等)。以這種方式,重要定製對用戶而言是可用的。The CPRI standard defines A x C as the number of antenna carriers (one antenna carrier is I/Q data of one carrier on one antenna). Symbol 500 has an A x C group of size 2 since it includes data designated for the first antenna carrier ch1 and the second antenna carrier ch2. Block size identification specifies the number of consecutive samples for a single antenna carrier. Symbol 500 has a block size of 2, thus containing two consecutively sampled blocks for each of the two antenna channels (eg, ch1[0] and ch1[1], ch2[0], ch2[1], etc.) . Finally, a block copy can be configured to define a multiple of the block of a single channel to be included in the symbol. The symbol 500 has a block copy equal to 2, thus including two channel 1 blocks and two channel 2 blocks (for example, ch1[0]/ch1[1] and ch1[2]/ch1[3] channel 1 blocks, etc.). In this way, important customizations are available to the user.
以此方式裝配容器幀提供了重要的有益效果。例如,如之前所提及,在每個符號中放置填充位降低了所需緩衝和系統延遲。具體地,不同於能夠僅在包可用于發送時發送訊息的基於包的通訊,CPRI採用在指定用於傳輸的每個時隙期間要求要被發送的訊息的時分複用。因此,如果填充位僅在容納幀420的開始或結束處被提供,則將需要極大的緩衝器以儲存足夠大數量的訊息,以確保訊息位在指定的時隙被實際顯現。這也相應地提高了系統的 延遲。然而,通過將填充位添加至每個符號,填充位可散佈於整個容器幀,其充分地降低了所需緩衝的量。另外,通過在每個符號內放置多個載波,那些載波可共享符號填充位,這甚至進一步降低了緩衝。Assembling container frames in this way provides important benefits. For example, as mentioned previously, placing padding bits in each symbol reduces the required buffering and system delay. In particular, unlike packet-based communications that are capable of transmitting messages only when packets are available for transmission, CPRI employs time division multiplexing of messages that are required to be transmitted during each time slot designated for transmission. Thus, if the padding bits are only provided at the beginning or end of the accommodation frame 420, then a very large buffer will be needed to store a sufficiently large number of messages to ensure that the message bits are actually rendered in the designated time slot. This also increases the system's delay. However, by adding padding bits to each symbol, the padding bits can be spread across the entire container frame, which substantially reduces the amount of buffering required. In addition, by placing multiple carriers within each symbol, those carriers can share symbol fill bits, which further reduces buffering even further.
3.時鐘滑移3. Clock slip
在某些情形中,特別地,當通訊方案頻率並不是CPRI標準頻率的整倍數時和/或當採樣流的採樣率時鐘未被鎖定至與CPRI時鐘相同的基準時,會出現時鐘滑移。具體地,儘管容器幀的尺寸已基於CPRI的期望頻率和通訊協議被預先地計算,實際頻率可在特定的情形中從其期望值漸漸離開,這改變了與所計算的那些的界限。因為CPRI以TDM操作,所以滑移由於其會要求本質上無限的緩衝器以確保溢出(例如,如果通訊協議運行更快)或下溢(例如,如果通訊協議運行慢)不發生,所以會造成嚴重的問題。In some cases, in particular, clock slip can occur when the communication scheme frequency is not an integral multiple of the CPRI standard frequency and/or when the sample rate clock of the sample stream is not locked to the same reference as the CPRI clock. In particular, although the size of the container frame has been previously calculated based on the desired frequency and communication protocol of the CPRI, the actual frequency may gradually deviate from its expected value in a particular situation, which changes the boundaries with those calculated. Because CPRI operates in TDM, slipping can cause problems because it would require essentially unlimited buffers to ensure overflow (for example, if the communication protocol runs faster) or underflow (for example, if the communication protocol runs slowly) serious problem.
為了抵消時鐘滑移,並且為了降低緩衝要求,協議成幀模組320可添加一個或多個幀至特定容器幀420,或從該特定容器幀減少一個或多個幀。應當注意的是,通常可通過向/從特定容器幀420添加或減少僅單個CPRI幀來校正滑移,尤其是在多個容器幀之間執行時。To counteract clock slip, and to reduce buffering requirements, protocol framing module 320 may add one or more frames to a particular container frame 420, or reduce one or more frames from that particular container frame. It should be noted that slipping can typically be corrected by adding or subtracting only a single CPRI frame to/from a particular container frame 420, especially when executed between multiple container frames.
參照圖4,提供了時鐘滑移補償的實例。如果通訊方案(例如,GSM)比期望的運行更慢,協議成幀模組320可通過包括CPRI基本幀N的位兩次來延長容器幀420的長度。反過來,如果通訊方案比期望的運行得更慢,協議成幀模組320可通過在CPRI基本幀N-1結束容器幀420並且早開始下一容器幀來縮短容器幀420的長度。Referring to Figure 4, an example of clock slip compensation is provided. If the communication scheme (e.g., GSM) is slower than desired, the protocol framing module 320 can extend the length of the container frame 420 by including the bits of the CPRI basic frame N twice. Conversely, if the communication scheme is running slower than desired, the protocol framing module 320 can shorten the length of the container frame 420 by ending the container frame 420 at the CPRI basic frame N-1 and starting the next container frame early.
由於上面的描述涉及可配置無線電單元200的配置,所以需要識別在不同容器幀420的尺寸上的對於用於合適的容器幀分解的基頻模組116的變化。在實施方式中,協議成幀模組320可包括用於基頻模組116的指令作為填充位的一部分(例如,前面填 充位430)。以這種方式,一旦接收到特定容器幀420,基頻模組116可分析填充位以確定對應的容器幀是否已被延長或縮短。在另一實施方式中,可構造的無線電單元200可關於幀是否被添加或減少而通過控制通道明確地通訊。Since the above description relates to the configuration of the configurable radio unit 200, it is necessary to identify changes to the baseband module 116 for proper container frame decomposition over the size of the different container frames 420. In an embodiment, the protocol framing module 320 can include instructions for the baseband module 116 as part of the padding bit (eg, front fill Recharge 430). In this manner, upon receipt of a particular container frame 420, the baseband module 116 can analyze the padding bits to determine if the corresponding container frame has been extended or shortened. In another embodiment, the configurable radio unit 200 can communicate explicitly through the control channel as to whether frames are added or subtracted.
3.控制通道模組3. Control channel module
圖6示出了可在被實現在可配置無線電模組200內的示例性控制通道模組600的框圖。控制通道模組600包括位泵模組610、多個子通道解複用器620以及用於不同類型數據的對應多個數據模組630-650,並且可表示控制通道模組240的示例性實施方式。FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary control channel module 600 that may be implemented within configurable radio module 200. The control channel module 600 includes a bit pump module 610, a plurality of sub-channel demultiplexers 620, and corresponding plurality of data modules 630-650 for different types of data, and may represent an exemplary embodiment of the control channel module 240 .
位泵模組610對於下一泵模組300的位泵模組310用作第二位泵,並且從接收自CPRI成幀模組220的CPRI基本幀412中的每一個提取第二組位。由於通過位泵模組310,用戶可對位泵模組610編程以根據用戶自己的控制通道規格從每個CPRI基本幀412提取特定位置和數量的位。這些被提取的位然後通過作為控制通道的控制通道模組600被處理。The bit pump module 610 acts as a second bit pump for the bit pump module 310 of the next pump module 300 and extracts a second set of bits from each of the CPRI basic frames 412 received from the CPRI framing module 220. As a result of passing the bit pump module 310, the user can program the bit pump module 610 to extract a particular position and number of bits from each CPRI basic frame 412 according to the user's own control channel specifications. These extracted bits are then processed through the control channel module 600 as a control channel.
CPRI標準定義利用超幀結構(Hyper Frame construct)定義控制通道結構。每個CPRI基本幀412包含形成超幀的一部分的控制字。位泵模組610從每個CPRI基本幀412提取對應於控制字的位。在每個CPRI基本幀412內的這些控制字的位置和長度可通過用戶來設定,並且位泵模組610可由此配置以提取對應於控制字的適當位。The CPRI standard defines the control channel structure using a Hyper Frame construct. Each CPRI basic frame 412 contains a control word that forms part of a superframe. Bit pump module 610 extracts bits corresponding to the control word from each CPRI basic frame 412. The position and length of these control words within each CPRI basic frame 412 can be set by the user, and the bit pump module 610 can be configured to extract the appropriate bits corresponding to the control word.
圖7示出了可通過控制通道模組600處理的示例性控制通道幀,並且其可表示示例性超幀。如圖7中所示,控制通道幀包括256個控制字的陣列,通常具有64行4列的尺寸。然而,應當注意,控制通道幀的尺寸可被修改並且還被設定成不同於256的值作為用戶的配置的一部分。該陣列具有與從CPRI基本幀412提取的控制字的字長相等的深度。FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary control channel frame that may be processed by control channel module 600, and which may represent an exemplary superframe. As shown in Figure 7, the control channel frame includes an array of 256 control words, typically having dimensions of 64 rows and 4 columns. However, it should be noted that the size of the control channel frame can be modified and also set to a value other than 256 as part of the user's configuration. The array has a depth equal to the word length of the control word extracted from the CPRI basic frame 412.
在控制通道幀中,第一列包括通過位泵模組610提取的控制 字0-63,第二列包括下一64字(字64-127),第三列包括字121-191,而第四列包括字192-255。In the control channel frame, the first column includes the control extracted by the bit pump module 610 Words 0-63, the second column includes the next 64 words (words 64-127), the third column includes words 121-191, and the fourth column includes words 192-255.
儘管通過CPRI標準來要求某些控制訊息的位置,但可在此控制通道幀內定義幾條其他不同控制訊息的位置。例如,對於乙太網控制訊息,控制字19-60可由用戶來指定。由於控制字是從對應的CPRI基本幀412提取,所以子通道解複用器620將那些控制字引導至其指定的目的地。在上面的實例中,子通道解複用器620a將控制字19-60路由至乙太網數據模組630用於進一步的處理。類似的子通道解複用器620b和620c將對應於HDLC數據和原始數據(Raw data)的控制字分別路由至HDLC數據模組640和原始數據模組650。Although the location of certain control messages is required by the CPRI standard, the location of several other different control messages can be defined within this control channel frame. For example, for Ethernet control messages, the control words 19-60 can be specified by the user. Since the control words are extracted from the corresponding CPRI basic frame 412, the sub-channel demultiplexer 620 directs those control words to their designated destinations. In the above example, subchannel demultiplexer 620a routes control words 19-60 to Ethernet data module 630 for further processing. Similar subchannel demultiplexers 620b and 620c route control words corresponding to HDLC data and raw data to HDLC data module 640 and raw data module 650, respectively.
應當注意,子通道解複用器620a-620c可構成將所有到來的控制字路由至其指定的目的地的單個解複用器。還應注意,可存在用於處理其他類型的控制數據的更多類型的數據模組,或者可存在如所期望的更少的數據模組。It should be noted that subchannel demultiplexers 620a-620c may constitute a single demultiplexer that routes all incoming control words to their designated destinations. It should also be noted that there may be more types of data modules for processing other types of control data, or there may be fewer data modules as desired.
通過允許各種控制通道訊息的位置被唯一地配置,可向可配置無線電模組200的終端用戶提供重要的定製。By allowing the locations of the various control channel messages to be uniquely configured, important customizations can be provided to end users of the configurable radio module 200.
反向通訊Reverse communication
如之前所提到的,已關於下行通訊進行了上面的討論,其中,從基頻模組116通過可配置的接收器模組114來接收CPRI訊號。然而,可配置的無線電模組300可為了將訊息發送至基頻模組116對上面討論的那些執行類似(但是相反的)的處理。As mentioned previously, the above discussion has been made with respect to downlink communications in which CPRI signals are received from the baseband module 116 via the configurable receiver module 114. However, the configurable radio module 300 can perform similar (but opposite) processing to the baseband module 116 for those discussed above in order to send the message to the baseband module 116.
例如,協議泵模組230可以與圖4中所示的基本是相反的方式從I/Q總線235接收I/Q數據並且從接收到的I/Q數據的不同通道產生容器幀。然後容器幀420可被提供至CPRI成幀模組220以產生CPRI基本幀流410。For example, protocol pump module 230 can receive I/Q data from I/Q bus 235 and generate container frames from different channels of the received I/Q data in a substantially opposite manner to that shown in FIG. The container frame 420 can then be provided to the CPRI framing module 220 to produce a CPRI basic frame stream 410.
類似地,控制通道模組240可從數據總線245和/或各種數據模組630-650接收訊息,並且根據其重構控制通道幀。然後該控 制通道幀可被提供至CPRI成幀模組220以產生CPRI基本幀流410。Similarly, control channel module 240 can receive messages from data bus 245 and/or various data modules 630-650 and reconstruct control channel frames based thereon. Then the control The channel frame can be provided to the CPRI framing module 220 to produce a CPRI basic frame stream 410.
從協議泵模組230和控制通道模組240接收到必要訊息後,CPRI成幀模組220可產生CPRI基本幀流410以傳輸至基頻模組116。基頻模組116可具有類似於可配置接收器模組114之配置的配置,以適當地接收、分解以及處理CPRI基本幀流410。以此方式,可在可配置接收器模組114和基頻模組116二者中在上行和下行兩個方向上執行專用的CPRI通訊。After receiving the necessary information from the protocol pump module 230 and the control channel module 240, the CPRI framing module 220 can generate the CPRI basic frame stream 410 for transmission to the baseband module 116. The baseband module 116 can have a configuration similar to that of the configurable receiver module 114 to properly receive, decompose, and process the CPRI base frame stream 410. In this manner, dedicated CPRI communication can be performed in both the upstream and downstream directions in both the configurable receiver module 114 and the baseband module 116.
譯解CPRI訊息的示例性方法An exemplary method of deciphering CPRI messages
圖8示出了用於從在無線電模組中的CPRI訊號提取訊號和控制數據的示例性方法。在該方法中,通過無線電模組接收CPRI基本幀流810。無線電模組計算3.84MHz的CPRI頻率與當前通訊方案的頻率之間的最小公倍數820。然後無線電模組基於計算出的最小公倍數來創建包括多個前面填充位的容器幀830。應當注意的是,可產生這些填充位以包括指令和/或其他訊號。FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary method for extracting signals and control data from CPRI signals in a radio module. In this method, a CPRI basic frame stream 810 is received by a radio module. The radio module calculates the least common multiple 820 between the CPRI frequency of 3.84 MHz and the frequency of the current communication scheme. The radio module then creates a container frame 830 that includes a plurality of front fill bits based on the calculated least common multiple. It should be noted that these padding bits can be generated to include instructions and/or other signals.
根據該最小公倍數,無線電模組能夠確定必須從每個CPRI基本幀提取多少位,並且從每個連續的CPRI基本幀840提取等於此數的連續位組。利用這些位,無線電模組在容器幀850內構造I和Q訊息的符號。每個符號可包括用於一個或多個通道的I/Q數據並且可包括符號填充位。一旦容器幀已用提取出的位填充,則附加後面填充位以完成容器幀860。然後,此容器幀被緩衝以用於通訊870。Based on the least common multiple, the radio module can determine how many bits must be extracted from each CPRI basic frame and extract a consecutive set of bits equal to this number from each successive CPRI basic frame 840. Using these bits, the radio module constructs the symbols of the I and Q messages within the container frame 850. Each symbol may include I/Q data for one or more channels and may include symbol fill bits. Once the container frame has been filled with the extracted bits, the trailing padding is appended to complete the container frame 860. This container frame is then buffered for communication 870.
同時,與上面一樣,可從對應於控制通道訊息880的CPRI基本幀流的每個CPRI基本幀提取第二組連續位。這些提取出的位可對應於控制通道幀。通過在控制通道幀內配置有各種數據的特定位置,此數據可通過無線電模組被解複用以將不同條控制訊息提供至對應的指定目的地用於進一步處理890。At the same time, as with the above, a second set of consecutive bits can be extracted from each CPRI basic frame of the CPRI basic frame stream corresponding to the control channel message 880. These extracted bits may correspond to control channel frames. By arranging specific locations of various data within the control channel frame, this data can be demultiplexed by the radio module to provide different pieces of control information to the corresponding designated destination for further processing 890.
本領域技術人員應認識到,上面的方法可附加地或可選地包 括上面所討論的可配置無線電模組300的功能中的任意一種,以及其修改的任意一種。此外,示例性方法的以上描述不應被理解成限制該方法以及可配置無線電模組300的描述。Those skilled in the art will recognize that the above method may additionally or alternatively include Any of the functions of the configurable radio module 300 discussed above, as well as any of its modifications. Moreover, the above description of the exemplary methods should not be construed as limiting the method and the description of the configurable radio module 300.
補償時鐘滑移的示例性方法Exemplary method of compensating for clock slip
圖9示出了用於補償無線電模組中的時鐘滑移的示例性方法。如上所述,可存在某些情況,其中通訊方案時鐘和/或CPRI時鐘將從彼此偏移開。在這種情況中,CPRI和通訊方案的實際時鐘速度與期望值900相比較。FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary method for compensating for clock slip in a radio module. As noted above, there may be situations where the communication scheme clock and/or CPRI clock will be offset from each other. In this case, the actual clock speed of the CPRI and communication scheme is compared to the expected value of 900.
如果比較指示了溢出情形(例如,通訊方案時鐘運行得比期望的更慢和/或CPRI時鐘運行得比期望的更快)910Y,則容器幀的長度可增加一個或多個CPRI基本幀920。如果,另一方面910N,比較指示下溢情形(例如,通訊方案時鐘運行得比期望的更快和/或CPRI時鐘運行得比期望的更慢)930Y,則容器幀的長度可減小一個或多個CPRI基本幀940。If the comparison indicates an overflow condition (eg, the communication scheme clock is running slower than desired and/or the CPRI clock is running faster than desired) 910Y, the length of the container frame may be increased by one or more CPRI basic frames 920. If, on the other hand, 910N, the comparison indicates an underflow condition (eg, the communication scheme clock is running faster than expected and/or the CPRI clock is running slower than desired) 930Y, the length of the container frame may be reduced by one or Multiple CPRI basic frames 940.
一旦容器幀的長度已被調整,或者如果比較指示既沒有溢出也沒有下溢情形930N,則期望值頻率和實際值頻率再次比較900以連續監控可能的時鐘滑移。Once the length of the container frame has been adjusted, or if the comparison indicates neither an overflow nor an underflow condition 930N, the expected value frequency and the actual value frequency are again compared 900 to continuously monitor for possible clock slip.
本領域技術人員將認識到上述方法可附加地或可選地包括上述可配置無線電模組300的功能中的任意一種以及其修改的任意一種。此外,示例性實施方式的以上描述既不應被理解為限制該方法也不應被理解為限制可配置無線電模組300的描述。Those skilled in the art will recognize that the above method may additionally or alternatively include any of the functions of the configurable radio module 300 described above, as well as any of its modifications. In addition, the above description of the exemplary embodiments should not be construed as limiting the method or the description of the configurable radio module 300.
結論in conclusion
應理解的是,具體實施方式部分而不是摘要部分意在用於解釋申請專利範圍。摘要部分可給出一種或多種,但不是所有的示例性實施方式,因此並不意在以任何方式限制本公開和所附申請專利範圍。It should be understood that the Detailed Description of the Invention, and not the <RTIgt; The Abstract section may be given one or more, but not all of the exemplary embodiments, and thus is not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure and the appended claims.
已借助於示出具體功能和其關係的實現的功能模組在上面描述了本發明。為了方便描述了在本文中任意地定義了這些功能模 組的界限。可定義替代界限,只要具體功能和其相互關係被適當執行即可。The invention has been described above by means of functional modules showing the implementation of specific functions and relationships thereof. For the convenience of description, these functional modes are arbitrarily defined in this paper. The boundaries of the group. Alternative boundaries can be defined as long as the specific functions and their interrelationships are properly performed.
對本領域技術人員顯而易見的是,在不背離發明的思想和範圍的情況下可在其中進行在形式和細節上的各種變化。因此,發明不應受限於上述的示例性實施方式,而應僅根據所附申請專利範圍及其等價物來限定。Various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention should not be limited by the above-described exemplary embodiments, but only by the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
200‧‧‧無線電模組200‧‧‧ radio module
210‧‧‧通訊介面210‧‧‧Communication interface
220‧‧‧CPRI成幀模組220‧‧‧CPRI framing module
230‧‧‧協議泵模組230‧‧‧ protocol pump module
235‧‧‧I/Q總線235‧‧‧I/Q bus
240‧‧‧控制通道模組240‧‧‧Control channel module
245‧‧‧數據總線245‧‧‧Data bus
250‧‧‧控制器模組250‧‧‧Controller Module
260‧‧‧儲存器模組260‧‧‧Storage module
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