TWI499336B - Apparatus and methods for adjusting adaptive control loop behavior based on measured artifacts - Google Patents

Apparatus and methods for adjusting adaptive control loop behavior based on measured artifacts Download PDF

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TWI499336B
TWI499336B TW102113176A TW102113176A TWI499336B TW I499336 B TWI499336 B TW I499336B TW 102113176 A TW102113176 A TW 102113176A TW 102113176 A TW102113176 A TW 102113176A TW I499336 B TWI499336 B TW I499336B
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control loop
parameters
agc
adaptive control
wireless
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TW201347583A (en
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Zhu Ji
Navid Damji
Johnson O Sebeni
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Apple Inc
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用於基於經測量假訊調整適應性控制環路行為之裝置及方法Apparatus and method for adjusting adaptive control loop behavior based on measured false signals 優先權priority

本申請案主張2012年4月13日申請之標題相同之美國臨時專利申請案第61/624,203號的優先權，上述申請案之全文以引用的方式併入本文中。The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61/624,203, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

本發明大體上係關於無線通信及資料網路之領域。更明確而言，在一例示性實施例中，用於基於無線電環境之經測量假訊調整適應性控制環路行為的方法及裝置。The present invention is generally directed to the field of wireless communications and data networks. More specifically, in an exemplary embodiment, a method and apparatus for adjusting adaptive control loop behavior based on measured false signals in a radio environment.

自動增益控制(AGC)為在許多電子器件中發現之用以補償在(例如)信號振幅、信號強度、能量、功率方面之大波動的反饋方案。通常，AGC電路調整放大(或衰減)「增益」以在一輸入範圍內維持所要輸出位準。舉例而言，AGC電路將衰減強信號，且放大弱信號，以便減少實際組件限制(例如，飽和、量化錯誤等)。AGC電路廣泛用於無線電收發器中以補償動態改變的環境中之無線信號之所接收信號強度的快速改變。Automatic Gain Control (AGC) is a feedback scheme found in many electronic devices to compensate for large fluctuations in, for example, signal amplitude, signal strength, energy, and power. Typically, the AGC circuit adjusts the amplification (or attenuation) "gain" to maintain the desired output level over an input range. For example, an AGC circuit will attenuate strong signals and amplify weak signals in order to reduce actual component constraints (eg, saturation, quantization errors, etc.). AGC circuits are widely used in radio transceivers to compensate for rapid changes in the received signal strength of wireless signals in dynamically changing environments.

舉例而言，在長期演進(LTE)蜂巢式網路內，LTE無線電收發器通常使用類比及數位AGC電路兩者。一例示性無線電收發器包括兩 (2)個AGC電路：射頻(RF)AGC(RAGC)及數位可變增益放大器(DVGA)。RAGC控制低雜訊放大器(LNA)。理想RAGC確保LNA最大化所接收信號之信雜比(SNR)，同時確保所接收信號保持於其他RF/類比組件之動態範圍內。具體而言，所接收信號應保持於可接受最大值及最小值內，且最小化後續數位化之失真錯誤(亦即，避免限幅及/或量化錯誤)。類似地，DVGA調整數位化輸入信號之信號位準以支援所接收信號的穩定解調變效能。For example, within a Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular network, LTE radio transceivers typically use both analog and digital AGC circuits. An exemplary radio transceiver includes two (2) AGC circuits: radio frequency (RF) AGC (RAGC) and digital variable gain amplifier (DVGA). The RAGC controls the low noise amplifier (LNA). The ideal RAGC ensures that the LNA maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the received signal while ensuring that the received signal remains within the dynamic range of other RF/analog components. In particular, the received signal should remain within acceptable maximum and minimum values and minimize subsequent distortion errors (ie, avoid clipping and/or quantization errors). Similarly, the DVGA adjusts the signal level of the digitized input signal to support stable demodulation performance of the received signal.

多個因素可影響AGC效能。一般而言，AGC實施必須在整個操作中在廣泛範圍之改變參數內提供可接受效能，該等改變參數包括(不限於)：信號負載、都卜勒相依無線頻道衰落及收發器設計約束。具體而言，AGC控制環路必須能夠追蹤都卜勒相依衰落情形中之快速改變，同時仍維持接收器信號對量化加雜訊比(SQNR)。Several factors can affect AGC performance. In general, AGC implementations must provide acceptable performance over a wide range of varying parameters throughout the operation, including (without limitation): signal loading, Doppler dependent wireless channel fading, and transceiver design constraints. In particular, the AGC control loop must be able to track fast changes in the Doppler dependent fading situation while still maintaining the receiver signal-to-quantization plus noise ratio (SQNR).

遺憾地，過度保守之AGC操作不能跟上快速衰落情形(亦即，AGC不能足夠迅速地補償衰落)，而過度積極之AGC操作將引入量化及雜訊，從而顯著損害收發器操作。Unfortunately, over-conservative AGC operations cannot keep up with fast fading scenarios (ie, AGCs cannot compensate for fading quickly enough), while overly aggressive AGC operations introduce quantization and noise, which can significantly impair transceiver operation.

因此，需要尤其用於蜂巢式無線系統中之用於調整控制環路行為的改良之解決方案。Therefore, there is a need for an improved solution for adjusting control loop behavior, particularly in cellular wireless systems.

本文藉由尤其提供用於基於無線電環境之經測量假訊來調整適應性控制環路行為之改良方法及裝置來滿足上述需要。The above needs are met herein by, in particular, an improved method and apparatus for adjusting adaptive control loop behavior based on measured false signals in a radio environment.

揭示一種無線行動裝置。在一實施例中，該裝置包括：一具備長期演進(LTE)功能之無線介面，其具有一適應性控制環路；一處理器，其與該無線介面進行資料通信；及與該處理器進行資料通信之邏輯。在一變體中，該邏輯經組態以基於該行動裝置在其中操作之一無線電環境的一或多個偵測到之都卜勒相關假訊來選擇與該適應性控制環路相關聯之一或多個自動增益控制(AGC)參數，該一或多個AGC參 數經組態以在動態無線衰落條件下最佳化該介面之(i)AGC動態範圍及(ii)信號對量化加雜訊比(SQNR)兩者。A wireless mobile device is disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes: a wireless interface with Long Term Evolution (LTE) functionality, having an adaptive control loop; a processor for communicating with the wireless interface; and performing with the processor The logic of data communication. In a variant, the logic is configured to select a one associated with the adaptive control loop based on one or more detected Doppler correlation artifacts of the one of the radio environments in which the mobile device operates One or more automatic gain control (AGC) parameters, the one or more AGC parameters The number is configured to optimize both the (i) AGC dynamic range of the interface and (ii) the signal-to-quantization plus noise ratio (SQNR) under dynamic wireless fading conditions.

在另一實施例中，該裝置包括：一無線介面，其具有一適應性控制環路；一處理器，其與該無線介面進行資料通信；及與該處理器進行資料通信且經組態以基於該行動裝置在其中操作之一無線電環境的一或多個都卜勒相關假訊來動態地調整該適應性控制環路之行為的邏輯。In another embodiment, the apparatus includes: a wireless interface having an adaptive control loop; a processor in data communication with the wireless interface; and data communication with the processor and configured Logic that dynamically adjusts the behavior of the adaptive control loop based on one or more Doppler-related artifacts in which the mobile device operates one of the radio environments.

揭示一種用於調整適應性控制環路行為之方法。在一實施例中，該方法包括：接收一或多個輸入；自該所接收之一或多個輸入而估計一無線電環境之一或多個假訊；基於該無線電環境之該經估計之一或多個假訊來判定經組態以啟用適應性控制環路行為之一或多個參數；及根據該經判定之一或多個參數來組態該適應性控制環路。A method for adjusting the behavior of an adaptive control loop is disclosed. In one embodiment, the method includes: receiving one or more inputs; estimating one or more false messages of a radio environment from the one or more inputs received; and estimating the one based on the radio environment Or a plurality of spoofs to determine one or more parameters configured to enable an adaptive control loop behavior; and configuring the adaptive control loop based on the one or more parameters determined.

揭示一種無線基地台裝置。在一實施例中，該裝置包括：一無線介面；一處理器，其與該無線介面進行資料通信；及與該處理器進行資料通信之邏輯。在一變體中，該邏輯經組態以：基於其中該基地台裝置與一無線行動器件通信之一無線電環境來動態地判定用於調整該無線行動器件之一適應性控制環路函數的一或多個參數；及將該經判定之一或多個參數傳輸至該無線行動器件。A wireless base station device is disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes: a wireless interface; a processor for communicating data with the wireless interface; and logic for communicating data with the processor. In a variant, the logic is configured to dynamically determine one of an adaptive control loop function for adjusting one of the wireless mobile devices based on a radio environment in which the base station device communicates with a wireless mobile device Or a plurality of parameters; and transmitting the determined one or more parameters to the wireless mobile device.

揭示一種電腦可讀儲存裝置。在一實施例中，該裝置具有儲存有至少一電腦程式之一儲存媒體，該至少一程式在具有一適應性控制環路之一無線器件的一處理裝置上執行時使該無線器件：接收一或多個射頻輸入；自該所接收之一或多個輸入而判定一無線電環境之一或多個假訊；基於該無線電環境之該經判定之一或多個假訊來判定啟用適應性控制環路行為之一或多個參數；根據該經判定之一或多個參數來組態該適應性控制環路；及至少週期性地執行該一或多個假訊之該判定以便動態地調整盛行無線電環境的該控制環路。A computer readable storage device is disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus has a storage medium storing at least one computer program, the at least one program causing the wireless device to: receive one when executed on a processing device having a wireless device of an adaptive control loop Or a plurality of radio frequency inputs; determining one or more false messages of a radio environment from the one or more inputs received; determining that the adaptive control is enabled based on the one or more false signals of the radio environment One or more parameters of the loop behavior; configuring the adaptive control loop based on the one or more parameters determined; and periodically performing the determination of the one or more artifacts to dynamically adjust This control loop is prevalent in the radio environment.

揭示一種產生一複雜性降低之無線收發器的方法。在一實施例中，該方法包括：提供經組態以適應性地控制該無線收發器之一自動增益控制(AGC)部分的邏輯之一設計；將該AGC部分設計為無該邏輯之相同收發器將需要的一較低效能位準；及基於該邏輯之該設計及該AGC部分來製造該收發器。在一變體中，該製造之收發器在操作時與無該邏輯之該相同收發器相比較不複雜且消耗較少電力。A method of generating a reduced complexity wireless transceiver is disclosed. In one embodiment, the method includes: providing one of a logic configured to adaptively control an automatic gain control (AGC) portion of the wireless transceiver; designing the AGC portion to be the same transceiver without the logic The device will require a lower performance level; and the transceiver based on the design of the logic and the AGC portion. In a variant, the manufactured transceiver is less complex and consumes less power when operated than the same transceiver without the logic.

揭示一種無線系統。在一實施例中，該系統包括具有動態AGC控制之至少一基地台及至少一無線行動器件。在一變體中，該基地台將存取盛行無線電環境所必須之資訊饋送至行動器件，且得到實施AGC函數之上述動態控制所必須之參數。在另一變體中，該基地台基於(例如)其自身對無線電環境之評定而直接將參數饋送至行動器件。A wireless system is disclosed. In an embodiment, the system includes at least one base station with dynamic AGC control and at least one wireless mobile device. In a variant, the base station feeds the information necessary to access the prevailing radio environment to the mobile device and obtains the parameters necessary to implement the above dynamic control of the AGC function. In another variation, the base station feeds parameters directly to the mobile device based on, for example, its own assessment of the radio environment.

參看如下文所給出之附加圖式及例示性實施例之詳細描述，一般熟習此項技術者將立即認識到本發明之其他特徵及優點。Other features and advantages of the present invention will be immediately apparent to those skilled in the art of the invention.

100‧‧‧長期演進蜂巢式網路100‧‧‧Long-term evolution cellular network

110‧‧‧使用者設備110‧‧‧User equipment

120‧‧‧基地台120‧‧‧Base station

130‧‧‧核心網路130‧‧‧core network

200‧‧‧類比波形200‧‧‧ analog waveform

210‧‧‧第一定點表示210‧‧‧ first fixed point representation

212‧‧‧第二定點表示212‧‧‧second fixed point representation

300‧‧‧自動增益控制(AGC)控制環路結構之一般圖形表示300‧‧‧General graphical representation of the automatic gain control (AGC) control loop structure

300A‧‧‧射頻自動增益控制300A‧‧‧RF automatic gain control

300B‧‧‧數位可變增益控制300B‧‧‧Digital Variable Gain Control

302‧‧‧增益按比例調整區塊302‧‧‧ Gain proportionally adjusted block

304‧‧‧能量估計區塊304‧‧‧ Energy Estimation Block

306‧‧‧濾波錯誤校正區塊306‧‧‧Filter Error Correction Block

308‧‧‧增益調整計算區塊308‧‧‧Gain adjustment calculation block

600‧‧‧用戶端裝置/基地台器件600‧‧‧Customer Equipment/Base Station Devices

602‧‧‧基板602‧‧‧Substrate

604‧‧‧處理子系統604‧‧‧Processing subsystem

608‧‧‧記憶體子系統608‧‧‧ memory subsystem

610‧‧‧無線電/數據機子系統610‧‧‧Radio/Datacomputer Subsystem

圖1為說明可以本文中描述之各種原理使用的一例示性長期演進(LTE)蜂巢式網路系統的邏輯方塊圖。1 is a logic block diagram illustrating an exemplary Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular network system that can be used with the various principles described herein.

圖2說明典型類比波形之第一數位表示及第二數位表示以及其典型先前技術表示。Figure 2 illustrates a first digit representation and a second digit representation of a typical analog waveform and its typical prior art representation.

圖3A為說明可以本文中描述之各種原理使用的包括兩(2)個AGC控制環路之一例示性接收器架構的方塊圖。3A is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary receiver architecture including one or two (2) AGC control loops that can be used with the various principles described herein.

圖3B為(諸如)可用於圖3A之架構的自動增益控制(AGC)控制環路結構之一般圖形表示。FIG. 3B is a general graphical representation of an automatic gain control (AGC) control loop structure that may be used, for example, in the architecture of FIG. 3A.

圖4為根據本發明之描繪用於基於無線電環境之經測量假訊調整適應性控制環路行為之一一般方法的邏輯流程圖。4 is a logic flow diagram depicting one general method for adjusting adaptive control loop behavior for measured spurious based on a radio environment in accordance with the present invention.

圖5為根據本發明之描繪用於基於無線接收器觀測到的都卜勒擴展來組態適應性自動增益控制(AGC)之方法之一例示性實施例的邏輯 流程圖。5 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a method for configuring adaptive automatic gain control (AGC) based on a Doppler spread observed by a wireless receiver in accordance with the present invention. flow chart.

圖6為包括適應性環路行為調整之根據本發明組態的使用者設備(UE)之例示性實施例的功能方塊圖。6 is a functional block diagram of an illustrative embodiment of a User Equipment (UE) configured in accordance with the present invention that includes adaptive loop behavior adjustment.

所有圖的版權(2012至2013)歸蘋果公司(Apple Inc.)所有。保留所有權利。The copyright of all drawings (2012 to 2013) is owned by Apple Inc. all rights reserved.

現參看圖式，其中相同數字始終指代相同部分。Referring now to the drawings in which like reference

概述Overview

揭示用於調整自動增益控制(AGC)之方法及裝置。在一例示性實施中，調整係基於對所接收信號之都卜勒擴展之一或多個估計。具體而言，基於偵測到之都卜勒效應來選擇一或多個AGC參數(例如，設定點、環路增益等)。一或多個AGC參數經組態以針對偵測到的都卜勒最佳化AGC空餘空間(例如，動態範圍)及接收器在動態無線衰落頻道下之信號加量化加雜訊比(SQNR)兩者。與AGC控制環路之現有解決方案不同，本發明之都卜勒相依適應性AGC有利地根據當前無線電環境來調整其操作。Methods and apparatus for adjusting automatic gain control (AGC) are disclosed. In an exemplary implementation, the adjustment is based on one or more estimates of the Doppler spread of the received signal. Specifically, one or more AGC parameters (eg, setpoints, loop gains, etc.) are selected based on the detected Doppler effect. One or more AGC parameters are configured to optimize the AGC free space (eg, dynamic range) for the detected Doppler and the signal plus quantization plus noise ratio (SQNR) of the receiver under the dynamic wireless fading channel Both. Unlike existing solutions for AGC control loops, the Doppler Dependent Adaptive AGC of the present invention advantageously adjusts its operation to the current radio environment.

更具體而言，各種所揭示實施例係針對基於經測量或原位假訊(例如，無線電環境之假訊)來調整適應性控制環路行為。藉由確保控制環路行為係專門針對當前無線電環境，控制環路不必經超裕度設計以支援保守安全邊限(其可能不表示實際操作環境)以及過度快速之追蹤能力。實情為，目標控制環路行為可針對器件在其中操作之確切無線電環境而訂製。較合理之設計約束(例如，較不保守之安全邊限，及較慢之追蹤要求)導致較不複雜且較有效之設計。More specifically, various disclosed embodiments are directed to adjusting adaptive control loop behavior based on measured or in situ false alarms (eg, false alarms in a radio environment). By ensuring that the control loop behavior is specific to the current radio environment, the control loop does not have to be oversized to support conservative safety margins (which may not represent the actual operating environment) and excessively fast tracking capabilities. The fact is that the target control loop behavior can be tailored to the exact radio environment in which the device operates. More reasonable design constraints (eg, less conservative security margins, and slower tracking requirements) result in less complex and more efficient designs.

在給定本發明之上下文的情況下，本文中描述之各種其他原理對於一般熟習此項技術者將顯而易見。Various other principles described herein will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of this disclosure.

例示性實施例之詳細描述Detailed Description of Exemplary Embodiments

現詳細描述例示性實施例。儘管以下論述在長期演進(LTE)蜂巢式網路之內容脈絡中呈現，但一般熟習此項技術者應認識到，本發明不限於此，且可與其他蜂巢式技術一起使用，諸如TD-LTE(分時長期演進)、進階TD-LTE、TD-SCDMA(分時同步分碼多重存取)、全球行動通信系統(GSM)、通用封包無線電服務(GPRS)通用行動電信系統(UMTS)等。實際上，本文中描述之各種原理可結合任何網路(蜂巢式、無線、有線或其他)使用，該網路可受益於適應性控制環路行為，適應性控制環路行為可受益於基於無線電環境之經測量假訊進行的動態組態。The illustrative embodiments are now described in detail. Although the following discussion is presented in the context of a Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular network, those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention is not limited thereto and can be used with other cellular technologies, such as TD-LTE. (Time-sharing long-term evolution), advanced TD-LTE, TD-SCDMA (Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), etc. . In fact, the various principles described in this article can be used in conjunction with any network (honeycomb, wireless, wired or otherwise) that can benefit from adaptive control loop behavior, and adaptive control loop behavior can benefit from radio-based The dynamic configuration of the environment is measured by false alarms.

例示性LTE網路架構-Exemplary LTE network architecture -

圖1說明一例示性長期演進(LTE)蜂巢式網路100，其中使用者設備(UE)110在由多個基地台(BS)120提供的無線電存取網路(RAN)之涵蓋範圍內操作。LTE基地台通常稱作「增強型節點B」(eNB)。無線電存取網路(RAN)為eNB連同無線電網路控制器(RNC)之集體。使用者經由UE與RAN介接，UE在許多典型使用狀況下為蜂巢式電話或智慧型電話。然而，如本文中所使用，術語「UE」、「用戶端器件」及「使用者器件」可包括(但不限於)蜂巢式電話、智慧型電話(諸如由本發明之受讓人製造之iPhone TM )、個人電腦(PC)(諸如iMac TM 、Mac Pro TM 、Mac Mini TM 或MacBook TM )及小型電腦(無論為桌上型、膝上型抑或其他)以及行動器件(諸如手持型電腦、PDA、個人媒體器件(PMD)(諸如iPod TM ))或上述各者之任何組合。1 illustrates an exemplary Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular network 100 in which user equipment (UE) 110 operates within the coverage of a Radio Access Network (RAN) provided by a plurality of base stations (BS) 120. . An LTE base station is often referred to as an "Enhanced Node B" (eNB). The Radio Access Network (RAN) is a collective of eNBs along with Radio Network Controllers (RNCs). The user interfaces with the RAN via the UE, which is a cellular or smart phone under many typical usage conditions. However, as used herein, the terms "UE,""clientdevice," and "user device" may include, but are not limited to, cellular phones, smart phones (such as the iPhone TM manufactured by the assignee of the present invention ). ), personal computer (PC) (such as iMac TM , Mac Pro TM , Mac Mini TM or MacBook TM ) and small computers (whether desktop, laptop or other) and mobile devices (such as handheld computers, PDAs, personal media devices (the PMD) (such as an iPod TM)), or any combination of the above person.

eNB 120中之每一者(例如)經由寬頻存取直接耦合至核心網路130。另外，在一些網路中，eNB可經由二次存取而彼此協調。核心網路提供路由及服務能力兩者。舉例而言，連接至第一eNB之第一UE可經由藉由核心網路進行之路由與連接至第二eNB之第二UE通信。類似地，UE可經由核心網路存取其他類型之服務(例如，網際網路)。Each of the eNBs 120 is directly coupled to the core network 130 via broadband access, for example. Additionally, in some networks, eNBs may coordinate with each other via secondary access. The core network provides both routing and service capabilities. For example, the first UE connected to the first eNB can communicate with the second UE connected to the second eNB via routing via the core network. Similarly, the UE may access other types of services (eg, the Internet) via the core network.

典型LTE器件實施各種形式之信號調節，包括自動增益控制(AGC)。在傳統收發器設計中，自動增益控制(AGC)模組放大或衰減總的所接收信號以維持相對恆定之信號以用於接收器數位基頻處理。詳言之，消費型電子器件設計有定點算術(相比之下，浮點算術表示具有尾數及指數之數字)。定點算術可為有正負號、無正負號、補數等。理想地，經調節之類比波形之整個動態範圍可藉由適當地應用控制環路操作而完全在定點類比轉數位(A/D)轉換內表示。Typical LTE devices implement various forms of signal conditioning, including automatic gain control (AGC). In conventional transceiver designs, an automatic gain control (AGC) module amplifies or attenuates the total received signal to maintain a relatively constant signal for receiver digital fundamental processing. In particular, consumer electronics are designed with fixed-point arithmetic (in contrast, floating-point arithmetic means numbers with mantissa and exponent). Fixed-point arithmetic can be positive or negative, no sign, no complement, and so on. Ideally, the entire dynamic range of the adjusted analog waveform can be fully represented within a fixed-point analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion by appropriately applying control loop operations.

考慮圖2之圖，其說明類比波形200之第一數位表示及第二數位表示(圖2上之210及212)。所描繪之數位表示說明在各種先前技術實施中常見之過度放大及過度衰減的效應。第一定點表示210難以表示波形之峰及谷；此等假訊使定點A/D組件飽和，從而導致失真或「限幅」效應。類似地，第二定點表示212不具有完全表示波形200之足夠細微度。Consider the diagram of FIG. 2, which illustrates the first digit representation and the second digit representation of analog waveform 200 (210 and 212 on FIG. 2). The depicted digit representations illustrate the effects of over-amplification and excessive attenuation that are common in various prior art implementations. The first certain point indicates that 210 is difficult to represent the peaks and valleys of the waveform; these false alarms saturate the fixed point A/D component, resulting in distortion or "limiting" effects. Similarly, the second fixed point representation 212 does not have sufficient subtlety to fully represent the waveform 200.

在上述論述內，易於瞭解，收發器之相對複雜性及靈敏性顯著影響定點A/D組件選擇之要求。低雜訊操作環境等中之簡單的無線電波形可以較小解析度支援定點組件。AGC操作之恰當調諧確保信號之整個動態範圍得以保留。Within the above discussion, it is easy to understand that the relative complexity and sensitivity of the transceiver significantly affects the requirements for fixed point A/D component selection. A simple radio waveform in a low noise operating environment or the like can support the fixed point component with a small resolution. Proper tuning of the AGC operation ensures that the entire dynamic range of the signal is preserved.

自動增益控制(AGC)-Automatic Gain Control (AGC) -

圖3A說明一例示性接收器架構，其包括兩(2)個AGC控制環路：第一外部環路射頻(RF)AGC(RAGC)300A及第二內部環路數位可變增益控制(DVGA)300B。RAGC調節輸入類比信號以用於處理區塊(諸如在LTE接收器內有用之快速傅立葉變換(FFT))，而DVGA調節FFT之輸出以用於數位處理。儘管已出於清晰起見提供圖3A之例示性接收器架構，但應瞭解，AGC操作之功能性在RAGC與DVGA之間不會顯著不同。3A illustrates an exemplary receiver architecture including two (2) AGC control loops: a first outer loop radio frequency (RF) AGC (RAGC) 300A and a second inner loop digital variable gain control (DVGA) 300B. The RAGC adjusts the input analog signal for processing blocks (such as the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) useful in LTE receivers), while the DVGA adjusts the output of the FFT for digital processing. Although the exemplary receiver architecture of Figure 3A has been provided for clarity, it should be understood that the functionality of the AGC operation does not differ significantly between RAGC and DVGA.

現參看圖3B，呈現自動增益控制(AGC)控制環路結構之一一般圖 形表示300。如圖所示，AGC控制環路包括：(i)增益按比例調整區塊302；(ii)能量估計區塊304；(iii)濾波錯誤校正區塊306；及(iv)增益調整計算區塊308。Referring now to Figure 3B, a general diagram of an automatic gain control (AGC) control loop structure is presented. The shape represents 300. As shown, the AGC control loop includes: (i) gain scaling block 302; (ii) energy estimation block 304; (iii) filter error correction block 306; and (iv) gain adjustment calculation block 308.

增益按比例調整區塊302接收輸入信號，且將該信號乘以經調整增益因數。經調整增益因數可放大或衰減輸入信號。經調整增益因數係基於反饋鏈之剩餘部分而判定。The gain scaling block 302 receives the input signal and multiplies the signal by the adjusted gain factor. The input signal is amplified or attenuated by adjusting the gain factor. The adjusted gain factor is determined based on the remainder of the feedback chain.

能量估計區塊304估計經增益按比例調整之輸入信號的信號能量。將能量估計區塊之結果與參考「設定點」比較。在一實施中，參考設定點為控制環路經組態以維持之純量值；因此，若能量估計區塊之結果超過設定點，則反饋值為負(導致衰減之反饋信號)，類似地，若能量估計區塊之結果在設定點以下，則反饋值為正(導致放大之反饋信號)。The energy estimation block 304 estimates the signal energy of the gain-scaled input signal. The result of the energy estimation block is compared to the reference "set point". In one implementation, the reference set point is a scalar value that the control loop is configured to maintain; therefore, if the result of the energy estimation block exceeds the set point, the feedback value is negative (the feedback signal that causes the attenuation), similarly If the result of the energy estimation block is below the set point, the feedback value is positive (resulting in the amplified feedback signal).

儘管上述實例係基於能量估計，但應瞭解，估計區塊可估計或測量振幅、功率等，其中能量估計僅說明一例示性實施例。While the above examples are based on energy estimation, it should be appreciated that the estimated block can estimate or measure amplitude, power, etc., wherein the energy estimate is merely illustrative of an exemplary embodiment.

此外，在圖3A之例示性接收器架構的內容脈絡中，對於外部環路操作(RAGC)，能量估計區塊對類比域中的接收器之輸入信號(亦即，至數位域之在降低取樣之前的寬頻輸入信號)操作。對於內部環路操作(DVGA)，對數位樣本執行能量估計以將其調整至適當參考位準。Furthermore, in the context of the exemplary receiver architecture of FIG. 3A, for external loop operation (RAGC), the energy estimation block inputs the input signal to the receiver in the analog domain (ie, to the digital domain. Previous broadband input signal) operation. For internal loop operation (DVGA), an energy estimate is performed on the digital samples to adjust them to the appropriate reference level.

返回參看圖3B，濾波器錯誤校正區塊306實施濾波以防止反饋中之大的及/或異常擺動(例如，過衝(overshoot)、下衝(undershoot)、振鈴效應等)。濾波器錯誤校正區塊設計完全為設計相依性的；然而，常見實施係基於(例如)有限脈衝回應(FIR)及無限脈衝回應(IIR)濾波器。濾波器錯誤校正區塊通常藉由使大的擺動平滑來使所得反饋值之值適中。Referring back to FIG. 3B, filter error correction block 306 performs filtering to prevent large and/or abnormal wobbles in the feedback (eg, overshoot, undershoot, ringing effects, etc.). The filter error correction block design is completely design dependent; however, common implementations are based on, for example, finite impulse response (FIR) and infinite impulse response (IIR) filters. The filter error correction block typically moderates the value of the resulting feedback value by smoothing the large swing.

基於經平滑化之反饋值，增益調整計算區塊308判定適當的經調 整增益因數(見增益按比例調整區塊302)。Based on the smoothed feedback value, gain adjustment calculation block 308 determines the appropriate tuning The overall gain factor (see gain scaling block 302).

遺憾地，AGC控制環路操作因多個(且有時為矛盾的)考慮而顯著複雜化。舉例而言，AGC操作必須處置不同程度之信號負載、無線電效應、實體設計約束以及所謂的「干擾信號(jammer)」(下文所描述)。Unfortunately, AGC control loop operations are significantly more complicated due to multiple (and sometimes contradictory) considerations. For example, AGC operations must handle varying degrees of signal loading, radio effects, physical design constraints, and so-called "jammers" (described below).

一般而言，信號負載係基於由網路管理實體(例如，基地台(BS))控制之排程。遺憾地，某些網路需要「盲」偵測技術以用於接收控制資訊。舉例而言，在LTE網路內，eNB動態地排程實體控制頻道(PDCCH)。UE必須對PDCCH進行「盲式」解碼以判定是否存在任何下行鏈路(DL)實體共用頻道(PDSCH)分配。由於UE直至AGC環路已開始之後才知道信號負載，因此AGC設計預算約為最保守之信號負載組態。In general, the signal load is based on a schedule controlled by a network management entity (e.g., a base station (BS)). Unfortunately, some networks require "blind" detection technology for receiving control information. For example, within an LTE network, an eNB dynamically schedules a physical control channel (PDCCH). The UE must perform "blind" decoding of the PDCCH to determine if there is any downlink (DL) entity shared channel (PDSCH) allocation. Since the UE does not know the signal load until the AGC loop has begun, the AGC design budget is about the most conservative signal load configuration.

影響AGC控制環路操作之無線電效應包括(不限於)頻道衰落及都卜勒效應。頻道衰落通常係關於RF信號在傳輸器與接收器之間傳播時所經歷的衰減。衰落可極大地受諸如距離、濕度、實體物件(其對RF信號可為可滲透、半滲透或完全不可滲透的)等之考慮影響。此外，傳輸器與接收器之間的任何相對移動可賦予所謂的「都卜勒」擴展。具體而言，都卜勒擴展表現為在接收器處觀測到之信號頻率之顯而易見的失真。都卜勒擴展進一步加劇任何無線頻道上之衰落效應。Radio effects that affect the operation of the AGC control loop include, without limitation, channel fading and the Doppler effect. Channel fading is typically the attenuation experienced as the RF signal propagates between the transmitter and the receiver. Fading can be greatly affected by considerations such as distance, humidity, physical objects (which can be permeable, semi-permeable, or completely impermeable to RF signals). Furthermore, any relative movement between the transmitter and the receiver can impart a so-called "Doppler" extension. In particular, the Doppler spread appears as an apparent distortion of the frequency of the signal observed at the receiver. The Doppler expansion further exacerbates the fading effects on any wireless channel.

另外，實體設計約束可影響AGC控制環路操作。實際上，無線電接收器之總效能可顯著地受甚至一個或兩個組件限制影響。舉例而言，諸如類比轉數位轉換器(ADC)之一些組件具有相關聯的「動態範圍」；超過動態範圍之信號為「飽和的」，且過小之信號將在量化雜訊底限中丟失。In addition, physical design constraints can affect the AGC control loop operation. In fact, the overall performance of a radio receiver can be significantly affected by even one or two component limitations. For example, some components, such as analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), have an associated "dynamic range"; signals that exceed the dynamic range are "saturated" and signals that are too small will be lost in the quantization noise floor.

可影響AGC操作之其他外部要素包括所謂的「干擾信號」。不能自所關心頻譜完全濾除或移除之任何RF發射被視為干擾信號。干擾 信號可將顯著偏差引入至AGC控制環路操作，從而導致偏斜之增益校正。Other external elements that can affect the operation of the AGC include so-called "interference signals." Any RF transmission that cannot be completely filtered or removed from the spectrum of interest is considered an interference signal. interference The signal can introduce significant deviations into the AGC control loop operation, resulting in a gain correction for the skew.

現有AGC追蹤環路實施必須平衡廣泛動態範圍、變化之信號特性及接收器特定操作之要求。出於此等原因，AGC控制參數對AGC效能具有廣泛影響。Existing AGC tracking loop implementations must balance a wide dynamic range, varying signal characteristics, and receiver specific operation requirements. For these reasons, AGC control parameters have a wide impact on AGC performance.

都卜勒估計-Doppler estimates -

如先前所提到，在動態無線環境中，都卜勒效應可極大地影響收發器操作。因此，許多無線技術使用都卜勒估計以判定彼此之間具有相對速度之收發器所遭遇的總都卜勒擴展。實驗可展示，都卜勒擴展與頻道時間相關性成正比。換言之，收發器(諸如LTE使用者設備(UE))相對於另一器件(例如，演進節點B(eNB))移動愈快，所感知的都卜勒擴展愈大，此導致較短之頻道相關時間。頻道相關時間在頻道處理及雜訊估計期間使用；因此，較短相關時間對下行鏈路(DL)解調變(例如，訊務及控制頻道)具有直接影響。As mentioned previously, in a dynamic wireless environment, the Doppler effect can greatly affect transceiver operation. Therefore, many wireless technologies use Doppler estimation to determine the total Doppler spread encountered by transceivers having relative speeds between each other. Experiments can show that the Doppler extension is directly proportional to the channel time correlation. In other words, the faster a transceiver (such as an LTE User Equipment (UE)) moves relative to another device (eg, an evolved Node B (eNB)), the greater the perceived Doppler spread, which results in shorter channel correlation time. Channel related time is used during channel processing and noise estimation; therefore, shorter correlation times have a direct impact on downlink (DL) demodulation (eg, traffic and control channels).

存在用於估計都卜勒擴展的多個現有方案。最常見方案係基於頻道時間自相關，及最大可能性估計。There are a number of existing solutions for estimating Doppler extensions. The most common scenarios are based on channel time autocorrelation and maximum likelihood estimates.

頻道時間自相關與都卜勒擴展具有數學關係，其可以理論方式判定及/或模擬。因此，替代於估計都卜勒擴展，收發器可使用頻道時間自相關估計來識別對應都卜勒擴展。一般而言，自相關估計與都卜勒擴展之間的關係可提前執行，且儲存於查找表(或類似者)中以供操作期間使用。The channel time autocorrelation has a mathematical relationship with the Doppler extension, which can be determined and/or simulated in a theoretical manner. Thus, instead of estimating the Doppler spread, the transceiver can use the channel time autocorrelation estimate to identify the corresponding Doppler spread. In general, the relationship between autocorrelation estimates and Doppler extensions can be performed in advance and stored in a lookup table (or similar) for use during operation.

或者，可使用最大可能性估計來基於經測量功率頻譜密度(PSD)來判定都卜勒擴展，其中衰落頻道之PSD指示隨頻譜(頻率)而變的所接收之能量之量。現有UE可使用自導頻信號得出之頻道估計來測量PSD。所得頻道估計可用以重建構失真之PSD。PSD(自預期PSD)之失真可用以基於最大可能性估計(使用不同都卜勒頻移之已知失真效應) 來識別對應都卜勒頻移。Alternatively, the maximum likelihood estimate can be used to determine the Doppler spread based on the measured power spectral density (PSD), where the PSD of the fading channel indicates the amount of received energy as a function of frequency (frequency). Existing UEs can use the channel estimate derived from the pilot signal to measure the PSD. The resulting channel estimate can be used to reconstruct the PSD of the constructed distortion. The distortion of the PSD (from the expected PSD) can be used to estimate based on the maximum likelihood (using known distortion effects of different Doppler shifts) To identify the corresponding Doppler shift.

方法-method-

圖4描繪用於基於無線電環境之經測量假訊來調整適應性控制環路行為之一一般方法。在一例示性實施例中，都卜勒相依性的適應性自動增益控制(AGC)演算法基於所感知都卜勒擴展之估計而最佳化一或多個AGC參數(例如，AGC環路增益、AGC設定點等)。4 depicts a general method for adjusting adaptive control loop behavior based on measured false signals in a radio environment. In an exemplary embodiment, the Doppler Dependent Adaptive Automatic Gain Control (AGC) algorithm optimizes one or more AGC parameters based on an estimate of the perceived Doppler spread (eg, AGC loop gain) , AGC set point, etc.).

AGC之現有解決方案留下顯著邊限或「空餘空間」以考量歸因於信號變化及頻道衰落之大改變。舉例而言，在LTE收發器中，可接受之設計邊限必須能夠處置具有時域頻道衰落之正交分頻多工(OFDM)信號之PAPR(峰值與平均功率比)要求。一般而言，PAPR通常為約9至10分貝(dB)，且頻道衰落可經歷大至20 dB之擺動。同時，為了支援高資料速率(例如，64QAM調變及/或大碼速率)，收發器信雜比(SNR)要求可超過30 dB。AGC's existing solutions leave significant margins or "empty space" to account for major changes due to signal changes and channel fading. For example, in an LTE transceiver, an acceptable design margin must be able to handle the PAPR (Peak and Average Power Ratio) requirements of an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal with time domain channel fading. In general, PAPR is typically about 9 to 10 decibels (dB), and channel fading can experience swings as large as 20 dB. At the same time, to support high data rates (eg, 64QAM modulation and/or large code rates), transceiver signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) requirements can exceed 30 dB.

收發器設計在傳統上藉由增加樣本解析度(增加資料寬度及複雜性)來實現上述要求，此導致較複雜之硬體(HW)及較多功率消耗。Transceiver design has traditionally achieved this by increasing sample resolution (increasing data width and complexity), which results in more complex hardware (HW) and more power consumption.

相比之下，本發明之各種實施例可使用都卜勒擴展資訊來識別頻道變化。藉由智慧地動態地適應頻道變化，接收器可最佳化AGC參數以改良追蹤效能，同時亦有利地放寬邊限要求。此等改良導致較高之有效信號加量化加雜訊比(SQNR)，其改良解調變效能及/或降低總設計複雜性(亦即，晶粒大小及功率消耗減小)。具體而言，藉由確保控制環路行為專門針對當前都卜勒擴展，控制環路不必對於安全邊限為保守的，或係回應於追蹤能力。此等較鬆之要求轉變為較不複雜之電路、減小之晶粒大小及降低之功率消耗(其中之一或多者亦可導致主使用者器件之降低之生產成本，及增強之使用者滿意度及體驗)。In contrast, various embodiments of the present invention may use Doppler extension information to identify channel changes. By intelligently adapting to channel changes intelligently, the receiver can optimize the AGC parameters to improve tracking performance while also advantageously relaxing the margin requirements. These improvements result in a higher effective signal plus quantization plus noise ratio (SQNR), which improves demodulation performance and/or reduces overall design complexity (i.e., reduced grain size and power consumption). In particular, by ensuring that the control loop behavior is specific to the current Doppler extension, the control loop does not have to be conservative for security margins or is responsive to tracking capabilities. These looser requirements translate into less complex circuits, reduced die size and reduced power consumption (one or more of which can also result in reduced production costs for the primary user device, and enhanced users) Satisfaction and experience).

返回參看圖4，在步驟402處，接收器接收一或多個輸入以識別無線電環境之一或多個假訊。在一例示性實施例中，長期演進(LTE) 使用者設備(UE)接收類比資料之樣本以判定UE觀測到之都卜勒擴展。Referring back to FIG. 4, at step 402, the receiver receives one or more inputs to identify one or more of the radio environments. In an exemplary embodiment, Long Term Evolution (LTE) The user equipment (UE) receives samples of the analog data to determine the Doppler extension observed by the UE.

在一實施中，所接收輸入為在射頻(RF)自動增益控制(AGC)(RAGC)環路之輸入處所見的寬頻信號，諸如圖3A之信號。接收輸入RF信號，之後將RF信號降低取樣至用於UE之數位域中之取樣率。In one implementation, the received input is a broadband signal as seen at the input of a Radio Frequency (RF) Automatic Gain Control (AGC) (RAGC) loop, such as the signal of Figure 3A. The input RF signal is received, after which the RF signal is downsampled to a sampling rate in the digital domain for the UE.

在另一方法中，所接收輸入為在圖3A之數位可變增益控制(DVGA)環路處接收之數位樣本。在一變體中，已經由使用類比轉數位轉換器(ADC)而將資料樣本轉換為數位信號。In another method, the received input is a digital sample received at the digital variable gain control (DVGA) loop of Figure 3A. In a variant, data samples have been converted to digital signals by using an analog to digital converter (ADC).

在一些實施例中，接收器基於移動(例如，基於加速度計操作、定位系統(全球定位系統(GPS)、A-GPS等)判定都卜勒(且因此，判定擴展)。舉例而言，加速度及/或速度資料(例如，每單位時間位置之改變，假定固定位置基地台)可用以判定都卜勒。類似地，隨著時間而整合之加速度將產生對應於都卜勒效應之速度。在給定本發明之上下文的情況下，一般熟習此項技術者將認識到用於判定都卜勒效應之其他方案。In some embodiments, the receiver determines Doppler based on movement (eg, based on accelerometer operation, positioning system (Global Positioning System (GPS), A-GPS, etc.) (and, therefore, decision expansion). For example, acceleration And/or velocity data (eg, a change in position per unit time, assuming a fixed position base station) can be used to determine Doppler. Similarly, an integrated acceleration over time will produce a velocity corresponding to the Doppler effect. Given the context of the present invention, those skilled in the art will recognize other approaches for determining the Doppler effect.

在步驟404處，接收器自所接收之一或多個輸入估計無線電環境之假訊。At step 404, the receiver estimates the false signal of the radio environment from the one or more inputs received.

在一例示性實施例中，接收器基於一或多個所接收資料判定都卜勒擴展。在一變體中，基於所接收輸入之頻道時間自相關來判定都卜勒擴展。在另一變體中，基於一或多個所接收資料之經測量功率頻譜密度(PSD)而判定都卜勒擴展。以上兩者均在A Statistical Theory of Mobile Radio Reception (Stephen H.Clark.Bell Systems Technical Journal 47(6)：957-1000 頁，1968)中進行更詳細論述，該文獻之全文以引用的方式併入。更直接地，在所接收資料具有已知「型樣」(例如，導頻序列、學習序列等)的情況下，接收器可藉由比較預期資料 與實際所接收資料來估計都卜勒之量。所得差異可歸因於都卜勒效應。在一些狀況下，接收器可藉由比較所接收資料與已藉由假設之都卜勒效應等調整之一或多個預期資料來執行「猜測與檢驗(guess-and-check)」方案。In an exemplary embodiment, the receiver determines a Doppler spread based on one or more received data. In a variant, the Doppler spread is determined based on the channel time autocorrelation of the received input. In another variation, the Doppler spread is determined based on the measured power spectral density (PSD) of one or more received data. Both of these are discussed in more detail in A Statistical Theory of Mobile Radio Reception ( Step H. Clark. Bell Systems Technical Journal 47 (6): 957-1000 , 1968), the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference. . More directly, in the case where the received data has a known "type" (eg, pilot sequence, learning sequence, etc.), the receiver can estimate the amount of Doppler by comparing the expected data with the actual received data. . The difference obtained can be attributed to the Doppler effect. In some cases, the receiver may perform a "guess-and-check" scheme by comparing the received data with one or more expected data that has been adjusted by a hypothetical Doppler effect.

在其他實施例中，假訊可包括過度及/或間歇干擾之存在。在某些變體中，可基於頻譜分析來判定干擾。舉例而言，可評估較高取樣器頻率下之信號頻譜，其不僅包括一或多個所關心信號頻寬，而且包括接近預期信號之鄰近頻道，可基於該等信號頻譜得出干擾偵測演算法。此外，判定強干擾信號是否存在之另一方法包括評估包括信號及干擾信號貢獻兩者之所接收資料樣本之功率估計。作為另一實例，某些已知干擾信號可在競爭之無線技術(例如，Wi-Fi、藍芽等)附近具有廣為接受的行為，例如微波爐。或者，可經由頻帶外方法來識別干擾。舉例而言，使用者可能夠組態其器件操作以針對特定干擾環境進行調整，諸如在使用者可能提前知道干擾信號存在的情況下。In other embodiments, the false message may include the presence of excessive and/or intermittent interference. In some variations, interference can be determined based on spectral analysis. For example, the signal spectrum at a higher sampler frequency can be evaluated, which includes not only one or more signal bandwidths of interest, but also adjacent channels close to the expected signal, and an interference detection algorithm can be derived based on the signal spectra. . Further, another method of determining whether a strong interfering signal is present includes evaluating a power estimate of the received data samples including both the signal and the interfering signal contribution. As another example, certain known interfering signals may have widely accepted behavior in the vicinity of competing wireless technologies (e.g., Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.), such as microwave ovens. Alternatively, the interference can be identified via an out-of-band method. For example, a user may be able to configure their device operation to make adjustments for a particular interference environment, such as where the user may know in advance the presence of an interfering signal.

在步驟406處，接收器基於無線電環境之經估計/經測量之一或多個假訊來判定用於適應性控制環路行為之一或多個參數。At step 406, the receiver determines one or more parameters for the adaptive control loop behavior based on the estimated/measured one or more artifacts of the radio environment.

在一例示性實施例中，LTE UE判定AGC環路之設定點及環路增益。在替代實施例中，UE判定用於AGC環路之一或多個時間常數，其中時間常數控制AGC環路之追蹤速度。舉例而言，單極無限脈衝回應(IIR)濾波器控制環路之時間常數為IIR濾波器係數之倒數的線性函數。一般熟習此項技術者將易於瞭解，設定點為環路將試圖校正至之目標值。環路增益判定環路可在每一迭代中執行之校正的量，且時間常數控制迭代之頻率。舉例而言，大環路增益值可導致過衝之增加的可能性，而較小之環路增益值將不能恰當地追蹤增益之大擺動。類似地，較短之時間常數改良環路回應，然而，較大之時間常數減少功率消耗及無規律擺動。In an exemplary embodiment, the LTE UE determines the set point and loop gain of the AGC loop. In an alternate embodiment, the UE determines one or more time constants for the AGC loop, wherein the time constant controls the tracking speed of the AGC loop. For example, the time constant of a unipolar infinite impulse response (IIR) filter control loop is a linear function of the reciprocal of the IIR filter coefficients. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the set point is the target value that the loop will attempt to correct. The loop gain decision loop can perform the amount of correction in each iteration, and the time constant controls the frequency of the iteration. For example, a large loop gain value can result in an increased likelihood of overshoot, while a smaller loop gain value will not properly track the large swing of the gain. Similarly, shorter time constants improve loop response, however, larger time constants reduce power consumption and irregular oscillations.

在一實施中，步驟406之一或多個參數經預定，且儲存於記憶體組件或資料結構(諸如，查找表)內。在其他實施中，一或多個參數由UE(諸如)經由內在邏輯及設備動態地判定。在其他方法中，可自另一器件(例如，基地台，在同一網路內操作之另一「同級」UE等)接收一或多個參數(或足以內在地導出該等參數之資訊)。In one implementation, one or more of the parameters of step 406 are predetermined and stored in a memory component or data structure, such as a lookup table. In other implementations, one or more parameters are dynamically determined by the UE, such as via intrinsic logic and devices. In other methods, one or more parameters (or information sufficient to derive the parameters inherently) may be received from another device (eg, a base station, another "same level" UE operating within the same network, etc.).

在其他實施例中，參數可另外包括基於使用者(或器件)偏好、網路偏好等之一或多個考慮。舉例而言，使用者(或UE內之內在最佳化程序)可能希望最大化資料連結效能(例如，速度)，或降低功率消耗。基於使用者/器件偏好(或選擇)，器件可相應地選擇參數集。In other embodiments, the parameters may additionally include one or more considerations based on user (or device) preferences, network preferences, and the like. For example, a user (or an intrinsic optimization program within a UE) may wish to maximize data link performance (eg, speed) or reduce power consumption. Based on the user/device preferences (or selections), the device can select the parameter set accordingly.

在步驟408處，接收器根據經判定之一或多個參數來組態適應性控制環路。At step 408, the receiver configures the adaptive control loop based on the determined one or more parameters.

實例操作-Instance operation -

現參看圖5，展示且描述用於基於無線收發器觀測到之都卜勒擴展來組態適應性自動增益控制(AGC)的一例示性方法500。在一實施例中，長期演進(LTE)使用者設備(UE)接收類比資料之樣本以判定UE(或另一觀測實體)觀測到之都卜勒擴展。Referring now to Figure 5, an exemplary method 500 for configuring adaptive automatic gain control (AGC) based on Doppler extensions observed by a wireless transceiver is shown and described. In an embodiment, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) User Equipment (UE) receives samples of analog data to determine a Doppler extension observed by the UE (or another observed entity).

在一例示性實施中，UE包括查找表或含有根據都卜勒頻移索引(或「單位頻寬位置(bin)」)參考之AGC參數(AGC環路增益及AGC設定點)的其他資料結構。在一此變體中，提前(例如，在製造時等)填充查找表，但應認識到，可利用與本發明一致的其他方法(諸如動態或「在運作中」填充、週期性更新等)。在操作期間，UE可選擇資料結構內之最接近其實際觀測到之都卜勒頻率的都卜勒頻率(或藉由其他機制，諸如內插)以判定適當參數。In an exemplary implementation, the UE includes a lookup table or other data structure containing AGC parameters (AGC loop gain and AGC setpoint) based on a Doppler shift index (or "unit bandwidth bin") reference . In one such variation, the lookup table is populated in advance (eg, at manufacturing time, etc.), but it should be recognized that other methods consistent with the present invention (such as dynamic or "in operation" padding, periodic updates, etc.) may be utilized. . During operation, the UE may select the Doppler frequency within the data structure that is closest to its actually observed Doppler frequency (or by other mechanisms, such as interpolation) to determine the appropriate parameters.

順帶言之，可藉由以下各者判定適當AGC參數：(i)理論分析；(ii)模擬(諸如經由電腦模擬演算法或封包)；(iii)原位(諸如經由實際場測量及分析)；及/或(iv)實驗判定，諸如在實驗室或其他環境內。Incidentally, the appropriate AGC parameters can be determined by: (i) theoretical analysis; (ii) simulation (such as via computer simulation algorithms or packets); (iii) in situ (such as via actual field measurement and analysis) And/or (iv) experimental determination, such as in a laboratory or other environment.

關於理論分析方案，如先前所指示，AGC環路增益與AGC環路之時間常數具有固定數學關係。AGC環路之時間常數判定頻道保持相關多久。因此，對於不同都卜勒頻率，可計算維持頻道相關歷時最小時間要求的適當時間常數。在一實施中，例示性查找表填充有支援用於都卜勒頻率之集合的最小所需解相關時間的參數。Regarding the theoretical analysis scheme, as previously indicated, the AGC loop gain has a fixed mathematical relationship with the time constant of the AGC loop. The time constant of the AGC loop determines how long the channel remains relevant. Thus, for different Doppler frequencies, an appropriate time constant for maintaining the minimum time requirement for the channel-related duration can be calculated. In one implementation, the exemplary lookup table is populated with parameters that support the minimum required decorrelation time for the set of Doppler frequencies.

與理論方案相比，模擬及/或實驗判定方案可(諸如)藉由「蠻力」分析識別適當AGC參數。具體而言，可藉由執行都卜勒頻移組態、AGC設定點及AGC環路增益之不同組合及選擇最大化輸送量之參數來得到參數。Analog and/or experimental decision schemes can identify appropriate AGC parameters, such as by "brute force" analysis, as compared to theoretical approaches. Specifically, the parameters can be obtained by performing different combinations of the Doppler shift configuration, the AGC setpoint, and the AGC loop gain, and selecting parameters that maximize the throughput.

在方法500之步驟502處，UE使用導頻信號來估計觀測到之都卜勒頻移以評估頻道改變得多快。在一變體中，UE計算識別經估計之都卜勒頻率(fd )的一或多個頻道自相關值。此等計算之說明性實例在A Statistical Theory of Mobile Radio Reception (Stephen H.Clark.Bell Systems Technical Journal 47(6)：957-1000 頁，1968)中進行論述，上述文獻之全文先前以引用的方式併入。At step 502 of method 500, the UE uses the pilot signal to estimate the observed Doppler shift to assess how fast the channel changes. In a variant, the UE calculates one or more channel autocorrelation values that identify the estimated Doppler frequency ( fd ). Illustrative examples of such calculations are discussed in A Statistical Theory of Mobile Radio Reception ( Step H. Clark. Bell Systems Technical Journal 47 (6): 957-1000 , 1968), the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Incorporate.

在步驟504處，UE基於經估計之都卜勒頻率(fd )來參考查找表，且選擇適當參數(AGC參數，諸如AGC環路增益及AGC設定點)。At step 504, the UE references the lookup table based on the estimated Doppler frequency ( fd ) and selects the appropriate parameters (AGC parameters, such as AGC loop gain and AGC setpoint).

在步驟506處，UE藉由選定參數來程式化AGC控制環路。At step 506, the UE programs the AGC control loop by selecting parameters.

在步驟508處，UE接收資料，且返回至步驟502以繼續操作。At step 508, the UE receives the data and returns to step 502 to continue the operation.

例示性行動裝置-Exemplary mobile device -

現參看圖6，說明實施本發明之方法及裝置之例示性用戶端(例如，UE)裝置600。Referring now to Figure 6, an exemplary client (e.g., UE) device 600 embodying the method and apparatus of the present invention is illustrated.

UE裝置600包括處理器子系統604，諸如數位信號處理器、微處理器、場可程式化閘陣列或安裝於一或多個基板602上之複數個處理組件。處理子系統亦可包含內部快取記憶體。處理子系統604與包含記憶體之記憶體子系統608進行資料通信，記憶體可(例如)包含 SRAM、快閃記憶體及SDRAM組件。記憶體子系統可實施DMA型硬體中之一或多者，以便如此項技術中所熟知地促進資料存取。The UE device 600 includes a processor subsystem 604, such as a digital signal processor, a microprocessor, a field programmable gate array, or a plurality of processing components mounted on one or more substrates 602. The processing subsystem can also include internal cache memory. Processing subsystem 604 is in data communication with a memory subsystem 608 that includes memory, which may, for example, include SRAM, flash memory and SDRAM components. The memory subsystem can implement one or more of the DMA type hardware to facilitate data access as is well known in the art.

無線電/數據機子系統610包含數位基頻、類比基頻、TX前端及RX前端。裝置600進一步包括自一或多個基地台器件600接收服務之天線總成。儘管論述了特定架構，但在一些實施例中，如在給定本發明的情況下一般熟習此項技術者將瞭解，一些組件可被排除或可另外與彼此(諸如用於3G數位RF之類型的經組合之RF RX、RF TX及ABB)合併。The radio/data machine subsystem 610 includes a digital baseband, an analog baseband, a TX front end, and an RX front end. Apparatus 600 further includes an antenna assembly that receives service from one or more base station devices 600. Although specific architectures are discussed, in some embodiments, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art given the present invention, some components may be excluded or may additionally be associated with each other (such as for the type of 3G digital RF). Combined RF RX, RF TX and ABB) are combined.

該裝置可進一步包括可選額外周邊裝置，包括(不限於)一或多個GPS收發器，或網路介面，諸如IrDA埠、藍芽、WLAN及/或WiMAX收發器、USB、FireWire等。然而，應認識到，根據本發明之原理，UE之操作並不需要此等組件。The apparatus may further include optional additional peripherals including, without limitation, one or more GPS transceivers, or a network interface such as IrDA(R), Bluetooth, WLAN and/or WiMAX transceivers, USB, FireWire, and the like. However, it should be recognized that in accordance with the principles of the present invention, such components are not required for operation of the UE.

在所說明實施例中，數據機子系統另外包括經組態以儲存一或多個參數的資料庫子系統或模組，該等參數用於調整適應性控制環路行為，如上文所描述。在一此變體中，一或多個參數儲存於查找表內，且根據可測量假訊(例如，都卜勒頻移)進一步參考。In the illustrated embodiment, the data machine subsystem additionally includes a database subsystem or module configured to store one or more parameters for adjusting adaptive control loop behavior, as described above. In one variation, one or more parameters are stored in a lookup table and further referenced based on measurable artifacts (eg, Doppler shift).

在所說明實施例中，數據機子系統另外包括經組態以執行以下操作的子系統或模組：估計觀測到之都卜勒頻移；參考資料庫子系統或模組以判定用於調整適應性控制環路行為之適當的一或多個參數；以及基於經判定之一或多個參數來調整一或多個適應性控制環路。In the illustrated embodiment, the modem subsystem additionally includes subsystems or modules configured to: estimate the observed Doppler shift; reference library subsystem or module to determine for adjustment Adapting one or more parameters of the control loop behavior; and adjusting one or more adaptive control loops based on determining one or more parameters.

應認識到，儘管依據方法之步驟的特定順序描述本發明之某些實施例，但此等描述僅說明本文中描述之較廣方法，且可按特定應用之需要修改。在某些情況下，可使某些步驟不必要或可選。另外，可將某些步驟或功能性添加至所揭示之實施例，或可變更兩個或兩個以上步驟之執行次序。所有此等變化視為涵蓋於本發明內。It will be appreciated that, although certain embodiments of the invention are described in the specific order of the steps of the method, these descriptions are only illustrative of the broader methods described herein and may be modified as needed for the particular application. In some cases, certain steps may be made unnecessary or optional. In addition, some steps or functionality may be added to the disclosed embodiments, or the order of execution of two or more steps may be changed. All such variations are considered to be encompassed within the invention.

儘管以上詳細描述已展示、描述及指出本文中描述之原理的新 穎特徵，但應理解，熟習此項技術者可進行所說明之器件或程序之形式及細節的各種省略、替代及改變而不脫離本發明。以上描述為目前預期之最佳模式。此描述決不為限制性的，而應視為說明一般原理。應參考申請專利範圍判定本發明之範疇。Although the above detailed description has shown, described and pointed out new features in the principles described herein It is to be understood that those skilled in the art can <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; The above description is the best mode currently expected. This description is by no means limiting and should be considered as a general principle. The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the scope of the patent application.

Claims (19)

一種無線行動裝置，其包含：一無線介面，其經組態以具有一適應性控制環路；一處理器，其與該無線介面進行資料通信；及與該處理器進行資料通信且經組態以使該無線行動裝置基於該行動裝置在其中操作之一無線電環境的一或多個偵測到之都卜勒相關假訊(artifact)來選擇與該適應性控制環路相關聯之一或多個自動增益控制(AGC)參數的邏輯，其中該等都卜勒相關假訊包括藉由一頻譜分析所判定之一干擾(jamming)之存在，該一或多個AGC參數經組態以在動態無線衰落(fading)條件下最佳化該無線介面之(i)AGC動態範圍及(ii)信號對量化加雜訊比(SQNR)兩者。 A wireless mobile device comprising: a wireless interface configured to have an adaptive control loop; a processor for data communication with the wireless interface; and data communication with the processor and configured Having the wireless mobile device select one or more associated with the adaptive control loop based on one or more detected Doppler artifacts of the radio environment in which the mobile device operates Logic of automatic gain control (AGC) parameters, wherein the Doppler correlation artifacts comprise the presence of one of the jammings determined by a spectral analysis, the one or more AGC parameters being configured to be dynamic The (i) AGC dynamic range and (ii) signal-to-quantization plus noise ratio (SQNR) of the wireless interface are optimized under wireless fading conditions. 如請求項1之裝置，其中該無線介面包含一具備長期演進(LTE)功能之無線介面，且一或多個AGC參數包含設定點及環路增益中之至少一者。 The device of claim 1, wherein the wireless interface comprises a wireless interface with Long Term Evolution (LTE) functionality, and the one or more AGC parameters include at least one of a set point and a loop gain. 如請求項1之裝置，其中該一或多個偵測到之都卜勒相關假訊包含一都卜勒擴展。 The device of claim 1, wherein the one or more detected Doppler related false messages comprise a Doppler extension. 如請求項1之裝置，其中該邏輯經進一步組態以使該無線行動裝置基於該無線電環境之改變而以一動態方式執行該一或多個AGC參數之該選擇。 The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the logic is further configured to cause the wireless mobile device to perform the selection of the one or more AGC parameters in a dynamic manner based on the change in the radio environment. 如請求項4之裝置，其中該適應性控制環路包含比在不使用該一或多個AGC參數之該動態選擇的情況下所需之效能設計低之一效能設計。 The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the adaptive control loop comprises a performance design that is lower than a performance design required without the dynamic selection of the one or more AGC parameters. 如請求項5之裝置，其中該較低效能設計包含比在不使用該一或多個AGC參數之該動態選擇的情況下所需之追蹤慢的追蹤。 The device of claim 5, wherein the less efficient design comprises tracking that is slower than required for the dynamic selection of the one or more AGC parameters. 如請求項1之裝置，其中該適應性控制環路包含(i)一射頻(RF)AGC(RAGC)；及(ii)一數位可變增益放大器(DVGA)。 The device of claim 1, wherein the adaptive control loop comprises (i) a radio frequency (RF) AGC (RAGC); and (ii) a digital variable gain amplifier (DVGA). 如請求項7之裝置，其中該RAGC經組態以控制一低雜訊放大器(LNA)以便最佳化一所接收信號之信雜比(SNR)，且該DVGA經組態以調整一數位化輸入信號之一信號位準。 The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the RAGC is configured to control a low noise amplifier (LNA) to optimize a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of a received signal, and the DVGA is configured to adjust a digitization One of the signal levels of the input signal. 一種用於調整適應性控制環路行為之方法，其包含：接收一或多個輸入；基於該所接收之一或多個輸入而估計一無線電環境之一或多個假訊；基於該無線電環境之該經估計之一或多個假訊來判定經組態以啟用適應性控制環路行為之一或多個參數，其中該等假訊包括一干擾之存在；基於一頻譜分析來判定該干擾之存在；及根據該經判定之一或多個參數來組態一適應性控制環路。 A method for adjusting an adaptive control loop behavior, comprising: receiving one or more inputs; estimating one or more false messages of a radio environment based on the received one or more inputs; based on the radio environment One or more false signals are estimated to determine one or more parameters configured to enable adaptive control loop behavior, wherein the false signals include the presence of an interference; the interference is determined based on a spectral analysis Existence; and configuring an adaptive control loop based on the one or more parameters determined. 如請求項9之方法，其中該估計該一或多個假訊包含：估計與都卜勒相依衰落有關之一或多個假訊。 The method of claim 9, wherein the estimating the one or more false messages comprises estimating one or more false messages related to Doppler dependent fading. 如請求項10之方法，其中該判定該一或多個參數包含：基於該無線電環境之改變而以一動態方式判定一或多個自動增益控制(AGC)參數。 The method of claim 10, wherein the determining the one or more parameters comprises determining one or more automatic gain control (AGC) parameters in a dynamic manner based on the change in the radio environment. 如請求項9之方法，其中該一或多個輸入之該接收包含：在該適應性控制環路之一類比部分的一輸入處接收一寬頻射頻(RF)信號。 The method of claim 9, wherein the receiving of the one or more inputs comprises receiving a broadband radio frequency (RF) signal at an input of an analog portion of the adaptive control loop. 一種無線行動裝置，其包含：一無線介面，其經組態以具有一適應性控制環路；一處理器，其與該無線介面進行資料通信；及與該處理器進行資料通信且經組態以基於該行動裝置在其中 操作之一無線電環境的一或多個都卜勒相關假訊來動態地調整該適應性控制環路之行為的邏輯，其中該等都卜勒相關假訊包括藉由一頻譜分析所判定之一干擾之存在。 A wireless mobile device comprising: a wireless interface configured to have an adaptive control loop; a processor for data communication with the wireless interface; and data communication with the processor and configured Based on the mobile device One or more Doppler-related artifacts of one of the radio environments to dynamically adjust the logic of the behavior of the adaptive control loop, wherein the Doppler correlation artifacts comprise one of determined by a spectral analysis The existence of interference. 如請求項13之裝置，其中至少該適應性控制環路相對於不具有該邏輯之一無線器件為簡化的。 The apparatus of claim 13, wherein at least the adaptive control loop is simplified with respect to a wireless device that does not have the logic. 如請求項13之裝置，其中至少該適應性控制環路相對於不具有該邏輯之一無線器件在操作期間消耗較少電力。 The device of claim 13, wherein at least the adaptive control loop consumes less power during operation relative to one of the wireless devices not having the logic. 一種無線基地台裝置，其包含：一無線介面；一處理器，其與該無線介面進行資料通信；及與該處理器進行資料通信且經組態以使該無線基地台裝置進行以下操作的邏輯：基於其中該基地台裝置與一無線行動器件通信之一無線電環境的一或多個假訊來動態地判定用於調整該無線行動器件之一適應性控制環路函數的一或多個參數，其中該等假訊包括藉由一頻譜分析所判定之一干擾之存在；及將該經判定之一或多個參數傳輸至該無線行動器件。 A wireless base station apparatus, comprising: a wireless interface; a processor for data communication with the wireless interface; and logic for communicating with the processor and configured to cause the wireless base station device to perform the following operations Retrieving one or more parameters for adjusting an adaptive control loop function of the wireless mobile device based on one or more artifacts of a radio environment in which the base station device communicates with a wireless mobile device, The false signals include the presence of one of the interferences determined by a spectrum analysis; and transmitting the determined one or more parameters to the wireless mobile device. 如請求項16之裝置，其中用於調整一無線行動器件之一適應性控制環路函數的該一或多個參數包含與該無線電環境之一或多個都卜勒相關假訊有關的資料。 The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the one or more parameters for adjusting an adaptive control loop function of a wireless mobile device comprise data related to one or more Doppler related false alarms of the radio environment. 如請求項16之裝置，其中用於調整一無線行動器件之一適應性控制環路函數的該一或多個參數包含供該適應性控制環路函數使用之一或多個自動增益控制(AGC)參數。 The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the one or more parameters for adjusting an adaptive control loop function of a wireless mobile device comprises using one or more automatic gain controls (AGC) for the adaptive control loop function )parameter. 一種具有儲存有至少一電腦程式之一非暫時性儲存媒體之電腦可讀儲存裝置，該至少一程式在具有一適應性控制環路之一無線器件的一處理裝置上執行時使該無線器件： 接收一或多個射頻輸入；基於該所接收之一或多個輸入而判定一無線電環境之一或多個假訊；基於該無線電環境之該經判定之一或多個假訊來判定啟用適應性控制環路行為之一或多個參數，其中該等假訊包括一干擾之存在；基於一頻譜分析來判定該干擾之存在；及根據該經判定之一或多個參數來組態一適應性控制環路；及至少週期性地執行該一或多個假訊之判定以便動態地調整一盛行無線電環境的該適應性控制環路。 A computer readable storage device having a non-transitory storage medium storing at least one computer program, the at least one program executing the wireless device when executed on a processing device having a wireless device of an adaptive control loop: Receiving one or more radio frequency inputs; determining one or more false messages in a radio environment based on the received one or more inputs; determining the enabling adaptation based on the one or more false signals determined by the radio environment One or more parameters of the control loop behavior, wherein the false signals include the presence of an interference; determining the presence of the interference based on a spectral analysis; and configuring an adaptation based on the one or more parameters determined a control loop; and at least periodically performing the one or more false determinations to dynamically adjust the adaptive control loop of a prevailing radio environment.
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