TWI490321B - 液晶組成物 - Google Patents
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Description
本發明是有關於一種液晶組成物,且特別是有關於一種包括具有四環結構的液晶單體的液晶組成物。
近年來,隨著科技的發展,透明液晶顯示器已成為目前光電產業中極欲發展的方向之一。就現有的透明液晶顯示器而言,主要是透過電壓的未驅動與驅動來形成散射與穿透的顯示方式,以使得可在不需貼附偏光板的情況下達到顯示效果,因此其具有製程簡單及製作成本低的優勢。
然而,由於現有透明液晶顯示器所使用的液晶通常具有散射態差的缺點,將導致透明液晶顯示器存在顯示特性不良及應用性備受限制的問題。因此,改善液晶的散射態與對比將是目前亟需解決的課題。
本發明提供一種液晶組成物,其經聚合後具有高散射態
及高對比的特性。
本發明的液晶組成物包括第一液晶單體以及第二液晶單體,其中以第一液晶單體與第二液晶單體的總重量計,第一液晶單體的含量為5wt%至10wt%,且第二液晶單體的含量為90wt%至95wt%。第一液晶單體選自由式1至式6所示具有四環結構的化合物所組成的族群:
其中R為C3
-C12
烷基,X為-COO-、-C≡C-或是-N=N-,且Y為-CN。第二液晶單體具有二環或三環結構。
基於上述,本發明所提出的液晶組成物具有四環結構的液晶單體,使得經聚合後的液晶組成物具有高散射態以及高對比的特性。
為讓本發明的上述特徵和優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉實施例,並配合所附圖式作詳細說明如下。
圖1為注入比較例之液晶組成物的測試盒之驅動電壓與穿透率的關係圖。
圖2為注入實驗例1之液晶組成物的測試盒之驅動電壓與穿透率的關係圖。
圖3為注入實驗例2之液晶組成物的測試盒之驅動電壓與穿透率的關係圖。
圖4為注入實驗例3之液晶組成物的測試盒之驅動電壓與穿透率的關係圖。
在本文中,有時以鍵線式(skeletal formula)表示化合物結構。這種表示法可以省略碳原子、氫原子以及碳氫鍵。當然,結構式中有明確繪出官能基的,則以繪示者為準。
在本文中,由「一數值至另一數值」表示的範圍,是一種避免在說明書中一一列舉該範圍中的所有數值的概要性表示方式。因此,某一特定數值範圍的記載,涵蓋該數值範圍內的任意數值以及由該數值範圍內的任意數值界定出的較小數值範圍,如同在說明書中明文寫出該任意數值和該較小數值範圍一樣。
為了製備出可達到高散射態及高對比特性的液晶組成
物,本發明提出一種液晶組成物,其可達到上述優點。以下,特舉實施例作為本發明確實能夠據以實施的範例。
本發明提供的液晶組成物包括第一液晶單體以及第二液晶單體,其中以第一液晶單體與第二液晶單體的總重量計,第一液晶單體的含量為5wt%至10wt%,且第二液晶單體的含量為90wt%至95wt%。以下將詳細說明上述兩種組分。
本發明的第一液晶單體選自由式1至式6所示具有四環結構的化合物所組成的族群:
其中R為C3
-C12
烷基,X為-COO-、-C≡C-或是-N=N-,且Y為-CN。
詳細而言,本發明的第一液晶單體為具有四環結構的化合物。另外,在一實施例中,第一液晶單體例如是上述式1所示的化合物。式1所示的化合物可為下列式7所示的化合物:
本發明的第二液晶單體具有二環或三環結構,其中環結
構可以是苯環、環己烷環或雜環。此外,由於第一液晶單體具有四環結構,而第二液晶單體具有二環或三環結構,故與第二液晶單體相比,第一液晶單體具有高雙折射率以及高澄清點。另外,本發明的第二液晶單體例如是市售產品。在一實施例中,第二液晶單體例如是選自由式8至式11所示的化合物所組成的族群:
此外,雖然上文中揭露了式8至式11所示的化合物,但本發明的第二液晶單體並不限於此,只要是所屬領域中具有通常知識者所周知的任一具有二環或三環結構的液晶單體皆落入本發明的範疇。
本發明的液晶組成物可更包括可聚合材料。以液晶組成物的總重量計,可聚合材料的含量約為20wt%至50wt%之間。可聚合材料包括聚醚多元醇壓克力基單體、液晶聚合起始劑、丙烯酸樹脂單體、聚硫醇單體及其組成。以可聚合材料的總重量計,
聚醚多元醇壓克力基單體的含量為10wt%至30wt%、液晶聚合起始劑的含量為0.5wt%至5wt%、丙烯酸樹脂單體的含量為10wt%至30wt%以及聚硫醇單體的含量為10wt%至30wt%。此外,可聚合材料可更包括溶劑。
在一實施例中,聚醚多元醇壓克力基單體例如是式12所示的化合物:
在一實施例中,可聚合材料所使用的液晶聚合起始劑例如是熱起始劑或光起始劑。詳細而言,本發明的液晶聚合起始劑例如可以是矽恩特殊材料股份有限公司之型號為PN-23或型號為PN-31J的熱起始劑,或是本發明的液晶聚合起始劑例如是式13所示的化合物:
在一實施例中,丙烯酸樹脂單體例如是式14所示的化合物:
在一實施例中,聚硫醇單體例如是式15所示的化合物:
在一實施例中,用來稀釋高分子濃度的溶劑例如是異丁醇(isobutyl alcohol,IBA)、丁酮(methyl ethyl ketone,MEK)或甲氧基乙酸丙酯(propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate,PMA)。
值得說明的是,如上所述,由於第一液晶單體具有高雙折射率以及高澄清點,故當第一液晶單體與可聚合材料作用後(相關描述將於下文中說明),將會產生較佳的散射態匹配,進而使得本發明的液晶組成物具有高散射態以及高對比的特性。在一實施例中,本發明的液晶組成物的散射態效果約為1.5%至3%,穿透態效果約為80%至85%,而對比約為25至50。
更進一步說明,在對前述的液晶組成物進行例如加熱或照光以使液晶組成物產生聚合反應後,經聚合的液晶組成物可作為適用於透明液晶顯示器的液晶層,其原因如下所述。
透過可聚合材料中的丙烯酸樹脂單體與液晶聚合起始劑的作用,可促使特性類似界面活性劑的聚醚多元醇壓克力基單體,與部分的第一液晶單體及第二液晶單體產生聚合反應,而在透明液晶顯示器之相對設置的兩基板的表面上形成高分子液晶胞。此外,透過可聚合材料中的聚硫醇單體可進一步強化透明液
晶顯示器之兩基板的表面與高分子液晶胞的附著力,以使高分子液晶胞傾向於散佈在基板的表面。當兩基板之間存在電位差時,前述高分子液晶胞的光軸方向實質上一致,故此時入射光可穿過透明液晶顯示器,而使透明液晶顯示器的部份區域呈現透明態;反之當兩基板之間的電位差實質上為零時,高分子液晶胞的光軸方向實質上互相交錯,故此時入射光會被高分子液晶胞所散射,而使透明液晶顯示器的部份區域呈現散射態。
如此一來,利用上述之透明態與散射態的顯示方式,包括本發明之液晶組成物的透明液晶顯示器即可顯示影像畫面而不需使用偏光板,並且透過使用第一液晶單體,透明液晶顯示器的顯示特性可被提升。另外,在一實施例中,所述透明液晶顯示器可以是穿透式顯示器或反射式顯示器。
以下將列舉比較例以及多個實驗例1~3的液晶組成物,並對各液晶組成物在不同電壓下的穿透特性進行量測,以說明各液晶組成物的液晶特性。
製備比較例及實驗例1~3的液晶組成物所使用之主要材料如下所示:第一液晶單體:式7所示的化合物;第二液晶單體:式8至式11所示的化合物;可聚合材料:式12至式15所示的化合物以及溶劑為異丁醇。
製備比較例及實驗例1~3的液晶組成物的方法包括將上
述第一液晶單體、第二液晶單體與可聚合材料混合,其中比較例與實施例1~3之液晶組成物中的第一液晶單體與第二液晶單體的組成及其比例詳列於表1,而在比較例及實驗例1~3的液晶組成物中,可聚合材料所佔的重量百分比為20%至50%,且可聚合材料具有相同的組成比例。詳細而言,在所述可聚合材料中,式12所示的化合物所佔的重量百分比為10%至30%、式13所示的化合物所佔的重量百分比為0.5%至5%、式14所示的化合物所佔的重量百分比為10%至30%及式15所示的化合物所佔的重量百分比為10%至30%。
對比較例及實驗例1~3的液晶組成物進行穿透率的量測,而其量測結果如圖1至圖4所示。
圖1為注入比較例之液晶組成物的測試盒(Test Cell)之驅動電壓與穿透率的關係圖。圖2為注入實驗例1之液晶組成物的測試盒之驅動電壓與穿透率的關係圖。圖3為注入實驗例2之液晶組成物的測試盒之驅動電壓與穿透率的關係圖。圖4為注入實驗例3之液晶組成物的測試盒之驅動電壓與穿透率的關係圖。
於此,量測步驟包括提供測試盒,其包括具有導電膜之相對設置的兩個基板;將液晶組成物注入所述兩基板之間;接著使所述測試盒經過照光製程。
由圖1至圖4可知,與不含有第一液晶單體之比較例的液晶組成物相比,含有第一液晶單體之實驗例1~3的液晶組成物在驅動電壓為零(即散射態)時,呈現出較低的穿透率(約3%),並且在透明態時,呈現出相當的穿透率(約83%)。並且,由上述亦可知,與注入不含有第一液晶單體之比較例的液晶組成物的測試盒相比,注入含有第一液晶單體之實驗例1~3的液晶組成物的測試盒具有較高的對比(約28)。換言之,由測試盒的驅動電壓與穿透率關係可證實本發明的液晶組成物確實具有高散射態以及高對比的特性,且採用此液晶組成物所製作的透明液晶顯示器之顯示特性佳。
綜上所述,本發明所提出的液晶組成物具有四環結構的液晶單體,使得經聚合後的液晶組成物具有高散射態以及高對比的特性。此外,本發明所提出的液晶組成物適用於透明液晶顯示器,並可提升其顯示特性。
Claims (8)
- 一種液晶組成物,包括:第一液晶單體,其選自由式1至式6所示具有四環結構的化合物所組成的族群:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的液晶組成物,其中該第一液晶單體如式1所示:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的液晶組成物,其中該第一液晶單體如式7所示:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的液晶組成物,更包括可聚合材料,其包括聚醚多元醇壓克力基單體、液晶聚合起始劑、丙烯酸樹脂單體、聚硫醇單體及其組成,其中以該液晶組成物的總重量計,該可聚合材料的含量為20wt%至50wt%。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的液晶組成物,其中該聚醚多元醇壓克力基單體包括:
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的液晶組成物,其中該液晶聚合起始劑包括:
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的液晶組成物,其中該丙烯酸樹脂單體包括:
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的液晶組成物,其中該聚硫醇單體包括:
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US4462924A (en) * | 1978-09-13 | 1984-07-31 | The Secretary Of State In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland | Liquid crystal materials and devices |
US4759870A (en) * | 1984-08-14 | 1988-07-26 | Casio Computer Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal composition |
US4834906A (en) * | 1985-01-22 | 1989-05-30 | Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung | Smectic A liquid crystal compositions |
TW200427822A (en) * | 2003-03-20 | 2004-12-16 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Liquid-crystalline mixtures |
CN101812302A (zh) * | 2009-12-30 | 2010-08-25 | 福州华映视讯有限公司 | 用于光学补偿弯曲模式液晶显示器的液晶组成物 |
CN102876334A (zh) * | 2012-11-23 | 2013-01-16 | 福建华映显示科技有限公司 | 液晶组成物、液晶显示面板及其制造方法 |
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JPH07100790B2 (ja) | 1986-09-01 | 1995-11-01 | チッソ株式会社 | ネマチツク液晶組成物 |
GB8928282D0 (en) | 1989-12-14 | 1990-02-21 | Secr Defence | Pdlc materials |
US8741397B2 (en) | 2009-11-09 | 2014-06-03 | Jnc Corporation | Liquid crystal display element, liquid crystal composition, aligning agent, method for producing liquid crystal display element, and use of liquid crystal composition |
TWI502055B (zh) * | 2012-07-12 | 2015-10-01 | 液晶組成物、液晶顯示面板及其製造方法 |
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US4462924A (en) * | 1978-09-13 | 1984-07-31 | The Secretary Of State In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland | Liquid crystal materials and devices |
US4759870A (en) * | 1984-08-14 | 1988-07-26 | Casio Computer Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal composition |
US4834906A (en) * | 1985-01-22 | 1989-05-30 | Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung | Smectic A liquid crystal compositions |
TW200427822A (en) * | 2003-03-20 | 2004-12-16 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Liquid-crystalline mixtures |
CN101812302A (zh) * | 2009-12-30 | 2010-08-25 | 福州华映视讯有限公司 | 用于光学补偿弯曲模式液晶显示器的液晶组成物 |
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