TWI482993B - Zoom module using rotational actuator with anti-lock feature, even force distribution and shock damage prevention methods - Google Patents

Description

使用具防鎖特徵、均勻力量分佈及震動傷害防止方法旋轉致動器之縮 放模組Use the anti-lock feature, uniform force distribution and vibration damage prevention method to rotate the actuator Release module 【相關申請案】[related application]

本專利申請案主張依35 U.S.C 119(e)而於2006年8月8日申請、案名為“使用具有防鎖特徵、均勻力量分佈及震動傷害防止的旋轉致動器之微型化縮放模組及新穎的位置感測方法”的共同申請第60/836,616號美國專利臨時申請案的優先權，上述共同申請案於此併入本案作為參考。This patent application claims to be filed on August 8, 2006, in accordance with 35 USC 119(e), entitled "Using a Miniaturized Zoom Module with Rotary Actuator with Anti-Lock Feature, Uniform Power Distribution, and Vibration Damage Prevention" The present application is incorporated herein by reference.

此外，本專利申請案是2006年9月1日提出申請、案名為“自動對焦及縮放模組”的共同申請第11/514,811號美國專利申請案的部分接續案，此共同申請案主張依35 U.S.C 119(e)而於2005年9月8日申請、案名為“3x縮放模組”的共同申請第60/715,533號美國專利臨時申請案的優先權，此兩個共同申請案於此皆併入本案作為參考。In addition, the present patent application is a continuation of the US Patent Application No. 11/514,811, filed on Sep. 1, 2006, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 35 USC 119(e), the priority of the co-pending application Serial No. 60/715,533, filed on Sep. Both are incorporated into this case for reference.

本發明關於照相機光學件，涵蓋攝影機光學件。更特定言之，本發明針對一種自動對焦及縮放模組。The present invention relates to camera optics, including camera optics. More specifically, the present invention is directed to an autofocus and zoom module.

近來在數位照相機技術方面已有許多進展。其一進展為光學件和機械部件更進一步微型化達到毫米及次毫米尺寸。照相機之移動部件的大小縮減已允許將現代數位相機和光學技術施行於眾多裝置中。此等裝置也被設計並建構成越來越小形狀因數的實施例。舉例來說，典型的個人電子裝置譬如行動電話、個人數位助理(PDAs)、和手錶及/或懷錶在市面上有包含一微型化數位相機的款式販售。又，較大形狀因數裝置也加上附加特徵。舉例來說，典型的手提式攝影機通常有一用於〝靜像〞攝影的完整數位相機連同用於動態影像記錄的機構和電路內建於此手提式攝影機內。There have been many recent advances in digital camera technology. One development has been the further miniaturization of optical and mechanical components to millimeter and sub-millimeter sizes. The reduced size of the moving parts of the camera has allowed modern digital cameras and optical technology to be implemented in numerous devices. These devices are also designed and constructed to form embodiments of increasingly smaller form factors. For example, typical personal electronic devices such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and watches and/or pocket watches are commercially available in a format that includes a miniaturized digital camera. Again, larger form factor devices add additional features. For example, a typical hand-held camera typically has a full digital camera for still image photography along with mechanisms and circuitry for dynamic image recording built into the hand-held camera.

但一般而言現代數位相機應用有許多限制。此等限制其中一些包含成本、大小、特徵、及複雜度。舉例來說，大小縮減通常伴隨著成本之提高、特徵之縮小及/或複雜度之提高。But in general, modern digital camera applications have many limitations. Some of these limitations include cost, size, characteristics, and complexity. For example, size reduction is often accompanied by an increase in cost, a reduction in features, and/or an increase in complexity.

一種光學模組包含一第一光學件群、一第二光學件群、及一影像感測器。該第一光學件群和第二光學件群經建構用以向該影像感測器提供一具有一焦點和一放大率之影像。An optical module includes a first optical component group, a second optical component group, and an image sensor. The first optical component group and the second optical component group are configured to provide an image having a focus and a magnification to the image sensor.

在本發明之一些實施例中，一光學件模組包括：一第一光學件群，其耦接於一第一導螺桿之一有螺紋部分。該第一導螺桿的平移導致該第一光學件群沿該第一導螺桿之一軸線平移。一第一致動器轉動該第一導螺桿。一第一感測標的經建構用以許可偵測該第一導螺桿之旋轉。該光學件模組更包括：一第二光學件群，其耦接於一第二導螺桿之一有螺紋部分。該第二導螺桿的平移導致該第二光學件群沿該第二導螺桿之一軸線平移。一第二致動器轉動該第二導螺桿。一第二感測器件經建構用以偵測該第二導螺桿之平移。In some embodiments of the present invention, an optical component module includes a first optical component group coupled to a threaded portion of a first lead screw. Translation of the first lead screw causes the first optical member group to translate along an axis of the first lead screw. A first actuator rotates the first lead screw. A first sensing target is configured to permit detection of rotation of the first lead screw. The optical module further includes: a second optical component group coupled to a threaded portion of one of the second lead screws. Translation of the second lead screw causes the second optics group to translate along one of the axes of the second lead screw. A second actuator rotates the second lead screw. A second sensing device is configured to detect translation of the second lead screw.

在一些實施例中包含一殼體以容納第一光學件總成、第二光學件總成及影像感測器。該第一光學件群和第二光學件群經建構用以向該影像感測器提供一具有一焦點和一放大率之影像。在一些實施例中，該第一致動器及/或第二致動器係建構於一致動器模組內。較佳來說，大致平行於該第一導螺桿和第二導螺桿的該等軸線係平行於一第一導銷。In some embodiments, a housing is included to accommodate the first optic assembly, the second optic assembly, and the image sensor. The first optical component group and the second optical component group are configured to provide an image having a focus and a magnification to the image sensor. In some embodiments, the first actuator and/or the second actuator are constructed within the actuator module. Preferably, the axes substantially parallel to the first lead screw and the second lead screw are parallel to a first guide pin.

較佳來說，一致動器模組包含一種以一駐波圖案振盪的振動致動器，用以驅使一置於其內之螺紋軸轉動，從而使該螺紋軸平移。該致動器具有一較佳駐波圖案。該模組更包含一致動器殼體，其內有一致動器保持區，及一可撓聯結結構。該可撓聯結結構在該較佳駐波圖案之一節點耦接於該振動致動器，並且耦接於該致動器殼體。該模組與一包括一有螺紋部分、一第一端及一第二端的導螺桿耦接。特定言之，該有螺紋部分耦接於該振動致動器。Preferably, the actuator module includes a vibration actuator oscillating in a standing wave pattern for driving a threaded shaft disposed therein to translate the threaded shaft. The actuator has a preferred standing wave pattern. The module further includes an actuator housing having an actuator retaining region therein and a flexible coupling structure. The flexible coupling structure is coupled to the vibration actuator at one of the preferred standing wave patterns and coupled to the actuator housing. The module is coupled to a lead screw including a threaded portion, a first end and a second end. In particular, the threaded portion is coupled to the vibration actuator.

在一些實施例中，該致動器保持區是一個五面隔室，在一面上有一開口。該開口經訂定大小以配合一包容該振動致動器之平行六面體使得該振動致動器之一表面與該開口平行。In some embodiments, the actuator retention zone is a five-sided compartment with an opening on one side. The opening is sized to fit a parallelepiped containing the vibrating actuator such that one surface of the vibrating actuator is parallel to the opening.

較佳來說，該第一感測標的經建構用以許可測量該第一光學件群沿該第一導螺桿之平移，且該第二感測標的經建構用以許可測量該第二光學件群沿該第二導螺桿之平移。最佳來說，該第一感測標的許可以一70微米或更小之解析度測量一至少10mm之範圍，同時該第二感測標的許可以一小於10微米之解析度測量一至少mm之範圍。Preferably, the first sensing target is configured to permit measurement of translation of the first optical component group along the first lead screw, and the second sensing target is configured to permit measurement of the second optical component The group is translated along the second lead screw. Preferably, the first sensing target permits a range of at least 10 mm measured by a resolution of 70 microns or less, while the second sensing target permits measurement of at least mm by a resolution of less than 10 microns. range.

該第一光學件總成可包含一第一導螺桿，該第一導螺桿有一具備一第一外螺紋直徑的有螺紋部分、一第一端及一第二端。該第一光學件群耦接於該第一導螺桿之第一端使得該第一導螺桿之平移造成該第一光學件群沿該第一導螺桿之軸線的平移。一第一振動致動器使該第一導螺桿平移，其在一節點被一可撓聯結件束縛於該殼體。該第一感測器件經建構用以偵測該第一導螺桿之旋轉。The first optical component assembly can include a first lead screw having a threaded portion having a first external thread diameter, a first end, and a second end. The first optical component group is coupled to the first end of the first lead screw such that translation of the first lead screw causes translation of the first optical component group along the axis of the first lead screw. A first vibration actuator translates the first lead screw, which is bound to the housing by a flexible coupling member at a node. The first sensing device is configured to detect rotation of the first lead screw.

該第二光學件總成可包含一第二導螺桿，該第二導螺桿有一有螺紋部分、一第一端及一第二端。該第二光學件群耦接於該第二導螺桿使得該第二導螺桿之平移造成該第二光學件群沿該第二導螺桿之軸線的平移。一第二振動致動器使該第二導螺桿平移且在一節點被一可撓聯結件束縛於該殼體。該第二感測器件經建構用以偵測該第二導螺桿之旋轉。The second optical component assembly can include a second lead screw having a threaded portion, a first end, and a second end. The second optical component group is coupled to the second lead screw such that translation of the second lead screw causes translation of the second optical component group along the axis of the second lead screw. A second vibration actuator translates the second lead screw and is bound to the housing by a flexible coupling member at a node. The second sensing device is configured to detect rotation of the second lead screw.

本發明之一些實施例關於一種自動對焦及縮放模組，該模組包含一種以一駐波圖案振盪的振動致動器，用以驅使一置於其內之螺紋軸轉動，從而使該螺紋軸平移。該振動致動器耦接於一導螺桿之一有螺紋部分且在其較佳駐波圖案之一節點被一可撓聯結件束縛於該殼體。該振動致動器和該導螺桿被建構為一光學件總成之一部分，其亦包含一耦接於該導螺桿之光學件群。該導螺桿與該光學件群間之耦接意味著該導螺桿之平移會造成該光學件群之平移。該總成更包含一經建構用以偵測該導螺桿之旋轉的感測器件。又，該模組包含一影像感測器。該光學件群經建構用以向該影像感測器提供一具有一焦點和一放大率之影像。該總成之導螺桿除了有螺紋部分更具有一第一端和一第二端。Some embodiments of the present invention relate to an autofocus and zoom module that includes a vibrating actuator oscillating in a standing wave pattern for driving a threaded shaft disposed therein to rotate the threaded shaft Pan. The vibration actuator is coupled to a threaded portion of one of the lead screws and is bound to the housing by a flexible coupling member at one of its preferred standing wave patterns. The vibrating actuator and the lead screw are constructed as part of an optical component assembly and also include an optical member group coupled to the lead screw. The coupling between the lead screw and the optical member group means that the translation of the lead screw causes translation of the optical member group. The assembly further includes a sensing device configured to detect rotation of the lead screw. Moreover, the module includes an image sensor. The optical component group is configured to provide an image having a focus and a magnification to the image sensor. The lead screw of the assembly has a first end and a second end in addition to the threaded portion.

在本發明之一些實施例中，一自動對焦及縮放模組包括一第一導銷、一第二導銷、一第一光學件總成、一第二光學件總成、及一影像感測器，其中該第一光學件群和第二光學件群經建構用以向該影像感測器提供一具有一焦點和一放大率之影像。In some embodiments of the present invention, an autofocus and zoom module includes a first guide pin, a second guide pin, a first optical component assembly, a second optical component assembly, and an image sensing device. The first optical component group and the second optical component group are configured to provide an image with a focus and a magnification to the image sensor.

在另一觀點中，將一硬擋止施作於一被沿一軸線正交設置之螺紋沿該軸線帶動的主體上。該方法包括將一特徵耦接於該主體以形成一具有相對於該軸線為不對稱之區域的總成。該主體利用一致動器被螺紋帶動。一可動元件耦接於一相對於該致動器為固定的點。該可動元件具有一經建構用以與該不對稱區域匹配的閂特徵。該可動元件設置在一使該閂特徵與該不對稱區域匹配並阻止該主體旋轉的位置。In another aspect, a hard stop is applied to a body that is threaded along an axis that is orthogonally disposed along an axis. The method includes coupling a feature to the body to form an assembly having an area that is asymmetrical with respect to the axis. The body is threaded by an actuator. A movable element is coupled to a point that is fixed relative to the actuator. The movable element has a latch feature that is configured to match the asymmetric region. The movable element is disposed at a position that matches the latch feature to the asymmetric region and prevents the body from rotating.

在一些實施例中，設置該可動元件之步驟部份地係藉由驅使該主體抵住該可動元件而移動該可動元件的方式進行。在一些實施例中，耦接於該主體的該特徵是一凸輪。In some embodiments, the step of disposing the movable element is performed in part by driving the body to move the movable element against the movable element. In some embodiments, the feature coupled to the body is a cam.

在以下說明中，提出許多細節和替代選擇以供解釋。但熟習此技藝者會理解到本發明可在不使用這些特定細節的條件下實行。在其他案例中，以方塊圖形式示出廣為人知之結構和裝置以便不用不必要的細節遮掩發明重點。In the following description, numerous details and alternatives are set forth for explanation. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the invention.

第1圖和第2圖例示一依據本發明一些實施例的自動對焦及縮放模組1000。模組1000係以外部電磁干擾(EMI)屏障已移除的狀態示出。1 and 2 illustrate an autofocus and zoom module 1000 in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. The module 1000 is shown in a state in which an external electromagnetic interference (EMI) barrier has been removed.

如圖所示，該模組係建立在一影像感測器板10上。模組1000包括一設置於影像感測器板10之一第一側上的加固件1，及一對置於加固件1設置的主結構20。較佳來說，加固件1和主體20彼此耦接且與影像感測器板10耦接。As shown, the module is built on an image sensor panel 10. The module 1000 includes a stiffener 1 disposed on a first side of the image sensor panel 10 and a pair of main structures 20 disposed on the stiffener 1 . Preferably, the stiffener 1 and the body 20 are coupled to each other and to the image sensor panel 10.

主結構20包括一底座導引部分22。底座導引部分22包含經建構用以固持導銷601和602的特徵。末端導板2對置於底座導引部分22設置。孔2a和2b分別與導銷601和602介接並固持。底座導引部分22更包含一空洞區域(圖中未示)，該空洞部分經建構用以許可輻射(譬如可見光)通過該模組之透鏡結構(詳見下文)到影像感測器板10之影像感測器(詳見下文)。又底座導引部分22包含一經建構用以許可影像感測器板延長部11通過的通孔25。The main structure 20 includes a base guiding portion 22. The base guide portion 22 includes features that are configured to retain the guide pins 601 and 602. The end guide 2 is disposed opposite to the base guide portion 22. The holes 2a and 2b are interfaced with and held by the guide pins 601 and 602, respectively. The base guiding portion 22 further includes a hollow portion (not shown) configured to permit radiation (such as visible light) to pass through the lens structure of the module (see below) to the image sensor panel 10 Image sensor (see below). The base guide portion 22 includes a through hole 25 that is configured to permit passage of the image sensor panel extension 11.

主體20之剩餘部分及模組1000之其他組件係設置在底座導引部分22與末端導板2之間。主體20更包含上部結構24和下部結構26。下部結構26和上部結構24二者均包含經建構用以與模組1000之工作組件匹配或允許此等工作組件通過的專屬特徵。因此，主體20為模組1000之工作提供一結構骨架暨機能性支撐。The remainder of the body 20 and other components of the module 1000 are disposed between the base guide portion 22 and the end guide 2. The body 20 further includes an upper structure 24 and a lower structure 26. Both the lower structure 26 and the upper structure 24 include proprietary features that are configured to match the working components of the module 1000 or allow the passage of such working components. Therefore, the main body 20 provides a structural skeleton and functional support for the operation of the module 1000.

舉例來說，下部結構26包含樞軸轂32，該轂經建構當作低變異預加載槓桿總成之一支點(詳見下文)。又，下部結構26包含通孔27，該通孔經建構許可該槓桿總成移動經過一期望範圍。相似地，上部部分24包含一經建構用以許可一主PCB與感測器901間之耦接的通孔，詳見下文。For example, the lower structure 26 includes a pivot hub 32 that is constructed as a fulcrum for the low-variation preloaded lever assembly (see below). Again, the lower structure 26 includes a through hole 27 that is configured to permit movement of the lever assembly through a desired range. Similarly, upper portion 24 includes a via that is configured to permit coupling between a main PCB and sensor 901, as described below.

模組1000之許多組件耦接於主體20。這些組件其中一些相對於主體20不可動。除了導銷601和602，致動器殼體1020和1030在一不可動位置耦接於主體20。因此，致動器殼體1020和1030係相對於導銷601和602處於一固定位置。Many components of the module 1000 are coupled to the body 20. Some of these components are immovable relative to the body 20. In addition to the guide pins 601 and 602, the actuator housings 1020 and 1030 are coupled to the body 20 in an immovable position. Thus, the actuator housings 1020 and 1030 are in a fixed position relative to the guide pins 601 and 602.

第3圖和第4圖示出模組1000之內部組件。主體20(示於第1圖和第2圖)未示。如這些圖式所示，模組1000包含一前光學件群400、一後光學件群500、及一影像感測器14。前光學件群400和後光學件群500通常包括一或多個光學元件譬如一透鏡群。熟習此技藝者會理解到用於光學件群400和500的複雜和簡單透鏡排列。Figures 3 and 4 show the internal components of the module 1000. The main body 20 (shown in Figs. 1 and 2) is not shown. As shown in these figures, the module 1000 includes a front optical component group 400, a rear optical component group 500, and an image sensor 14. The front optics group 400 and the rear optics group 500 typically include one or more optical components, such as a lens group. Those skilled in the art will appreciate the complex and simple lens arrangement for the optical member groups 400 and 500.

視需要，一稜鏡40附接於主體20和末端導板2(示於第2圖)。模組1000較佳更包含一機殼和一蓋機構，以及一前述EMI屏障。該蓋機構較佳防止漏光及灰塵污染物影響該模組之內部組件，特別是透鏡群400和500及影像感測器14。在一些實施例中，由單一外部殼體發揮EMI屏障及蓋機構之功能。視需要，一紅外線(IR)濾光器及/或一低通濾波器附接於影像感測器板10。One turn 40 is attached to the main body 20 and the end guide 2 as shown in Fig. 2 (shown in Fig. 2). The module 1000 preferably further includes a casing and a cover mechanism, and a EMI barrier. The cover mechanism preferably prevents light leakage and dust contaminants from affecting the internal components of the module, particularly the lens groups 400 and 500 and the image sensor 14. In some embodiments, the EMI barrier and the function of the cover mechanism are utilized by a single outer housing. An infrared (IR) filter and/or a low pass filter are attached to the image sensor panel 10 as needed.

第3圖和第4圖例示模組1000之更進一步細節。如前所述，致動器殼體1020和1030耦接於主體20。此耦接連同主體20、末端導板2、及導銷601和602之間的耦接使組件相對於彼此且相對於影像感測器14之標的區12定位緊固，為一能夠向標的區12提供有一放大率和縮放率之一影像的自動對焦及縮放模組提供一底盤。Figures 3 and 4 illustrate further details of the module 1000. Actuator housings 1020 and 1030 are coupled to body 20 as previously described. The coupling between the coupling and the main body 20, the end guide 2, and the guide pins 601 and 602 causes the components to be positioned and fixed relative to each other and to the target area 12 of the image sensor 14 as a targetable area. An autofocus and zoom module that provides an image with a magnification and a zoom ratio provides a chassis.

影像感測器Image sensor

如圖所示，影像感測器14大致平坦。影像感測器之平面垂直於導銷601和701之軸線。一般而言，模組1000經建構用以沿一平行於這些軸線之影像向量向影像感測器14提供一影像。As shown, image sensor 14 is generally flat. The plane of the image sensor is perpendicular to the axes of the guide pins 601 and 701. In general, module 1000 is configured to provide an image to image sensor 14 along an image vector that is parallel to the axes.

導銷Guide pin

第3圖和第4圖例示一依據本發明用於自動對焦及縮放模組的導銷排列。一些實施例包含一對導銷，而其他實施例使用不同數量的導銷。不論其數量多寡，導銷601和602通常沿著模組1000之一線性軸線安裝以許可後筒身530和前筒身430相對於影像感測器14移動。在模組1000中，主要導銷601和次要導銷602對準使得其軸線大致彼此平行。又，導螺桿總成200和300亦對準使得其軸線大致彼此平行且與導銷601和602大致平行。Figures 3 and 4 illustrate a guide pin arrangement for an autofocus and zoom module in accordance with the present invention. Some embodiments include a pair of guide pins, while other embodiments use a different number of guide pins. Regardless of the number, the guide pins 601 and 602 are typically mounted along one of the linear axes of the module 1000 to permit movement of the rear barrel 530 and the front barrel 430 relative to the image sensor 14. In the module 1000, the primary guide pin 601 and the secondary guide pin 602 are aligned such that their axes are substantially parallel to each other. Again, the lead screw assemblies 200 and 300 are also aligned such that their axes are generally parallel to each other and substantially parallel to the guide pins 601 and 602.

一般而言，導銷601和602如前所述耦接於主體20和末端導板2。較佳來說，該等導銷係耦接在影像感測器14之影像向量之相反兩側上。但熟習此技藝者會理解到其他組態亦屬可行。導螺桿200和300通常是彼此平行、沿著影像感測器14之一邊緣且平行於其光學軸線設置。In general, the guide pins 601 and 602 are coupled to the body 20 and the end guide 2 as previously described. Preferably, the guide pins are coupled to opposite sides of the image vector of the image sensor 14. However, those skilled in the art will understand that other configurations are also possible. The lead screws 200 and 300 are generally parallel to one another, along one edge of the image sensor 14 and parallel to its optical axis.

在一些實施例中，由導銷601和602提供給後筒身530的運動範圍約為7毫米。在一些實施例中，由導銷601和602提供給前筒身430的運動範圍約為2毫米。但因為此運動範圍，一些實施例之導銷601和602通常會影響模組1000之形狀因數。因此，一些實施例更包含用以修改且/或隱藏模組1000之形狀因數的器件。In some embodiments, the range of motion provided by the guide pins 601 and 602 to the rear barrel 530 is approximately 7 millimeters. In some embodiments, the range of motion provided by the guide pins 601 and 602 to the front barrel 430 is approximately 2 millimeters. However, because of this range of motion, the guide pins 601 and 602 of some embodiments typically affect the form factor of the module 1000. Accordingly, some embodiments further include means for modifying and/or hiding the form factor of the module 1000.

稜鏡特徵稜鏡 characteristics

舉例來說，一些實施例額外包含一稜鏡特徵，譬如第2圖之40。此特徵允許該自動對焦及縮放模組以多樣取向設置及/或安裝。舉例來說，可供一特定實施例沿一影像向量之初始方向使用的尺寸通常有限，使得該模組較佳是依長度向設置在一圍蔽體之鉛直向平面中。此取向允許前和後筒身如前所述沿導銷之運動範圍施行於一具有一小寬度及/或深度形狀因數的裝置中。舉例來說，在一行動電話應用中，其中使用者會想要利用螢幕當作觀景器使一照相機瞄準一期望影像，為實用之故，影像向量最好垂直於螢幕。但是，該裝置垂直於螢幕的尺寸通常是行動電話最薄的尺寸。For example, some embodiments additionally include a feature, such as 40 of Figure 2. This feature allows the autofocus and zoom module to be set up and/or installed in a variety of orientations. For example, the size that can be used in a particular embodiment along the initial direction of an image vector is generally limited, such that the module is preferably disposed in a vertical plane of a enclosure in a lengthwise direction. This orientation allows the front and rear barrels to be implemented in a device having a small width and/or depth form factor along the range of motion of the guide pin as previously described. For example, in a mobile phone application where the user would like to use the screen as a viewfinder to aim a camera at a desired image, for practical purposes, the image vector is preferably perpendicular to the screen. However, the size of the device perpendicular to the screen is typically the thinnest size of the mobile phone.

參照第2圖和第3圖，一些實施例的稜鏡特徵40係安裝在前筒身430附近。稜鏡40以一相關於前筒身430之角度重定來自一影像之光線。如前所述，前筒身430通常容納一前透鏡群。前透鏡群含有一或多個前光學元件。因此，稜鏡100允許模組1000以多樣取向設置在一通常相關於被觀看及/或攝影之物體成一角度的裝置內。Referring to Figures 2 and 3, the ankle feature 40 of some embodiments is mounted adjacent the front barrel 430. The crucible 40 redirects light from an image at an angle relative to the front barrel 430. As previously mentioned, the front barrel 430 typically houses a front lens group. The front lens group contains one or more front optical elements. Thus, the crucible 100 allows the module 1000 to be placed in a variety of orientations in a device that is generally at an angle to the object being viewed and/or photographed.

透鏡系統Lens system

如第3、4和5A圖所示，後光學件群500和前光學件群400具有特殊構造。後光學件群500更包含後筒身530、後導引套筒510、及後導槽520。後筒身通常容納一或多個透鏡或其他光學元件。如圖所示，後筒身530容納後透鏡540。後筒身530是一具備一中心軸線的大致圓柱形體。後透鏡540經建構用以沿後筒身530之中心軸線引導光線。後導引套筒510是一細長、大致圓柱形體，其耦接於後筒身530使得後筒身530之中心軸線與後導引套筒510之一軸線大致平行。後導槽520是一經建構用以與圓筒介接的有槽特徵。As shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5A, the rear optics group 500 and the front optics group 400 have a special configuration. The rear optical member group 500 further includes a rear barrel 530, a rear guiding sleeve 510, and a rear guiding groove 520. The rear barrel typically houses one or more lenses or other optical components. As shown, the rear barrel 530 houses the rear lens 540. The rear barrel 530 is a generally cylindrical body having a central axis. Rear lens 540 is configured to direct light along a central axis of rear barrel 530. The rear guide sleeve 510 is an elongated, generally cylindrical body that is coupled to the rear barrel 530 such that the central axis of the rear barrel 530 is substantially parallel to an axis of the rear guide sleeve 510. Rear channel 520 is a slotted feature that is configured to interface with the cylinder.

前光學件群400更包含前筒身430、前導引套筒410、及前導槽420。前筒身通常容納前透鏡群440。前筒身430是一具備一中心軸線的大致圓柱形體。前透鏡群440經建構用以沿前筒身430之中心軸線引導光線。前導引套筒410(第6B圖)是一細長、大致圓柱形體，其耦接於前筒身430使得前筒身430之中心軸線與前導引套筒410之一軸線大致平行。前導槽420是一經建構用以與圓筒介接的有槽特徵。The front optics group 400 further includes a front barrel 430, a front guiding sleeve 410, and a front guiding groove 420. The front barrel generally houses the front lens group 440. The front barrel 430 is a generally cylindrical body having a central axis. Front lens group 440 is configured to direct light along a central axis of front barrel 430. The front guide sleeve 410 (Fig. 6B) is an elongated, generally cylindrical body coupled to the front barrel 430 such that the central axis of the front barrel 430 is substantially parallel to one of the axes of the front guide sleeve 410. The leading channel 420 is a slotted feature that is configured to interface with the cylinder.

透鏡－導銷介面Lens-guide pin interface

今參照第6B圖，前光學件群400包含前導引套筒410，其與主要導銷601耦接。如圖所示，前導引套筒410相對於前筒身430為大致細長的。又，前導引套筒410牢固連接到前筒身430。此組態防止前光學件群400繞一垂直於主要導銷601之軸線的軸線旋轉，但許可繞主要導銷601之軸線的轉動。後光學件群500包含後導引套筒510，其亦與主要導銷601耦接。如圖所示，後導引套筒510相對於後筒身530為大致細長的。又，後導引套筒510較佳牢固連接到後筒身530。此組態防止後光學件群500繞一垂直於主要導銷601之軸線的軸線旋轉，但許可繞該導銷之軸線的轉動。Referring now to Figure 6B, the front optics group 400 includes a front guide sleeve 410 that is coupled to the main guide pin 601. As shown, the front guide sleeve 410 is generally elongated relative to the front barrel 430. Also, the front guide sleeve 410 is securely coupled to the front barrel 430. This configuration prevents the front optics group 400 from rotating about an axis that is perpendicular to the axis of the main guide pin 601, but permits rotation about the axis of the main guide pin 601. The rear optics group 500 includes a rear guide sleeve 510 that is also coupled to the main guide pin 601. As shown, the rear guide sleeve 510 is generally elongated relative to the rear barrel 530. Also, the rear guide sleeve 510 is preferably securely coupled to the rear barrel 530. This configuration prevents the rear optics group 500 from rotating about an axis that is perpendicular to the axis of the main guide pin 601, but permits rotation about the axis of the guide pin.

今參照第4圖，前光學件群400亦包含經建構用以與次要導銷602耦接的前導槽420。導槽420與次要導銷602之間的耦接防止前光學件群400繞主要導銷601之軸線旋轉。前光學件群400與導銷601和602之間的耦接許可前光學件群400沿一大致平行於該二導銷之軸線平移。Referring now to Figure 4, the front optical assembly 400 also includes a leading channel 420 that is configured to couple with the secondary guide pin 602. The coupling between the guide slot 420 and the secondary guide pin 602 prevents the front optics group 400 from rotating about the axis of the main guide pin 601. The coupling between the front optics group 400 and the guide pins 601 and 602 permits the pre-optical optics group 400 to translate along an axis generally parallel to the two guide pins.

後光學件群500亦包含經建構用以與次要導銷602耦接的後導槽520。導槽520與次要導銷602之間的耦接防止後光學件群500繞主要導銷601之軸線旋轉。後光學件群500與導銷601和602之間的耦接許可後光學件群500沿一大致平行於該二導銷之軸線平移。The rear optics group 500 also includes a rear channel 520 that is configured to couple with the secondary guide pin 602. The coupling between the guide slot 520 and the secondary guide pin 602 prevents the rear optical member group 500 from rotating about the axis of the main guide pin 601. The coupling between the rear optical member group 500 and the guide pins 601 and 602 permits the optical member group 500 to translate along an axis substantially parallel to the two guide pins.

致動器模組Actuator module

較佳來說，用於本發明實施例中之致動器是振動致動器。最佳來說，此等振動致動器係為以一駐波圖案振盪用以驅使一置於其內之螺紋軸轉動從而使該螺紋軸平移的類型。本發明之實施例包含用以驅動該等振動致動器的特定較佳駐波圖案。然各種駐波圖案均在設想之中。Preferably, the actuator used in the embodiment of the present invention is a vibration actuator. Most preferably, the vibratory actuators are of a type that oscillates in a standing wave pattern to drive a threaded shaft disposed therein to translate the threaded shaft. Embodiments of the invention include a particular preferred standing wave pattern for driving the vibration actuators. However, various standing wave patterns are envisioned.

本發明涵蓋多樣致動器構造。這些致動器構造包含揭示於1999年10月12日授證之美國專利第5,966,248號及2005年9月6日授證之美國專利第6,940,209號中之振動致動器。其亦包含譬如如第10A圖至第10C圖所示之致動器。致動器700’包括一被複數個壓電條701、702和704包圍的可撓主體。一圖中未示的第四條設置於條701對面。此等條帶係圍繞一可撓主體對稱地配置，該可撓主體有複數個螺紋介面特徵設置於其內。此等螺紋介面特徵經建構用以與導螺桿360’之螺紋匹配。在操作期間，該等壓電條驅動該可撓主體內之一振盪運動。此類致動器通常需要一工作預加載。較佳來說，此預加載係經由在本文件中其他地方揭示之技術施加於導螺桿。The present invention encompasses a variety of actuator configurations. The actuators of the present invention include a vibrating actuator disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,966,248, issued toK. It also includes an actuator such as shown in Figures 10A through 10C. Actuator 700' includes a flexible body surrounded by a plurality of piezoelectric strips 701, 702, and 704. A fourth strip, not shown, is placed opposite the strip 701. The strips are symmetrically disposed about a flexible body having a plurality of threaded interface features disposed therein. These threaded interface features are configured to match the threads of the lead screw 360'. The piezoelectric strips drive an oscillating motion within the flexible body during operation. Such actuators typically require a working preload. Preferably, this preload is applied to the lead screw via techniques disclosed elsewhere in this document.

為藉由使用較佳振動致動器有效地驅動一螺紋軸，本發明之一些實施例包含特製致動器殼體，此等殼體經設計用以僅就必要程度束縛該致動器並且為致動器提供震動防護。又，此等致動器殼體許可致動器相對於導銷和光學件群近距定位。一般而言，此實施例內之每一致動器與一致動器殼體結合以形成一致動器模組。To effectively drive a threaded shaft by using a preferred vibration actuator, some embodiments of the present invention include a special actuator housing that is designed to restrain the actuator only to the extent necessary and The actuator provides vibration protection. Again, such actuator housings permit the actuator to be positioned relatively close to the guide pin and optics group. In general, each actuator within this embodiment is combined with an actuator housing to form an actuator module.

本發明之一些實施例包含諸如第10A圖至第10C圖所例示之致動器模組。如圖所示，一典型致動器模組包含一致動器700’、一致動器殼體1030’及一可撓聯結件710。Some embodiments of the invention include actuator modules such as illustrated in Figures 10A through 10C. As shown, a typical actuator module includes an actuator 700', an actuator housing 1030', and a flexible coupling member 710.

可撓聯結件710將致動器700’之一部分相對於致動器殼體1030’束縛在一大致固定位置。此許可該致動器驅動一導螺桿相對於致動器殼體1030’平移。舉例來說，接觸墊710防止致動器700’相對於殼體轉動。The flexible linkage 710 binds a portion of the actuator 700' relative to the actuator housing 1030' in a generally fixed position. This permits the actuator to drive a lead screw to translate relative to the actuator housing 1030'. For example, contact pad 710 prevents actuator 700' from rotating relative to the housing.

但由於僅束縛致動器700’之一部分，此實施例許可致動器700’較自由地振動以對一導螺桿譬如360’賦予移動。又，由於可撓聯結件710較佳將致動器700’束縛在致動器700’之較佳駐波圖案之一節點，此束縛對於致動器之效率的影響減小。較佳來說，該固定位置被選擇為許多駐波圖案之一節點，從而許可致動器在各種條件下有效操作。However, this embodiment permits the actuator 700' to vibrate relatively freely to impart movement to a lead screw, such as 360', since only one portion of the actuator 700' is tethered. Again, since the flexible coupling member 710 preferably binds the actuator 700' to one of the preferred standing wave patterns of the actuator 700', the effect of this restraint on the efficiency of the actuator is reduced. Preferably, the fixed position is selected as one of a plurality of standing wave patterns, thereby permitting the actuator to operate effectively under various conditions.

如圖所示，致動器殼體1030’包含開口1034和1036以允許導螺桿360’進入。又，殼體包含經建構用以允許電連接接到一主PCB板(圖中未示)的開口1032和1038。再者，致動器殼體1030’經特製以防止對致動器700’造成震動傷害。致動器殼體1030’較佳是一個五面隔室，於其內形成一平行六面體。這個被稱為致動器保持區的平行六面體其容積大於致動器700’。又，致動器保持區沿每一維度均大於致動器700’之對應維度。再者，當致動器700’被可撓聯結件710束縛在致動器保持區內時，較佳來說致動器700’之一表面係與該平行六面體不包含致動器殼體一部分的表面平行。此外，致動器700’之末端較佳離開口1034和1036大約等距。因此，致動器700’被懸吊在保持區內，在其與致動器殼體1030’每一相鄰表面之間有一緩衝距離。As shown, the actuator housing 1030' includes openings 1034 and 1036 to allow the lead screw 360' to enter. Again, the housing includes openings 1032 and 1038 that are configured to allow electrical connection to a main PCB board (not shown). Further, the actuator housing 1030' is tailored to prevent shock damage to the actuator 700'. The actuator housing 1030' is preferably a five-sided compartment in which a parallelepiped is formed. This parallelepiped, referred to as the actuator retention zone, has a larger volume than the actuator 700'. Again, the actuator retention zone is larger than the corresponding dimension of the actuator 700' along each dimension. Moreover, when the actuator 700' is bound by the flexible coupling member 710 within the actuator retaining region, preferably one surface of the actuator 700' and the parallelepiped do not include an actuator housing The surface of a part of the body is parallel. Moreover, the ends of the actuators 700' are preferably approximately equidistant from the ports 1034 and 1036. Thus, the actuator 700' is suspended within the retention zone with a buffer distance between it and each adjacent surface of the actuator housing 1030'.

又，該平行六面體致動器保持區及致動器700’的大小係彼此匹配，且匹配於用來固持該致動器之可撓聯結件710類型。較佳來說，致動器700’與殼體1030’鄰近於開口1034和1036的內表面之間的緩衝距離係經相對於可撓聯結件710失效前許可之最大位移量作選擇。因此，在一機械震動期間，致動器700’會在將可撓聯結件710拉伸至失效之前遭遇到殼體1030’之內表面。又，沿垂直於導螺桿360’之軸線的相似拉伸作用會被導螺桿360’與致動器700’之間的耦接件阻止。Again, the parallelepiped actuator retaining zone and actuator 700' are sized to match each other and to the type of flexible coupling 710 used to hold the actuator. Preferably, the buffer distance between the actuator 700' and the housing 1030' adjacent the inner surfaces of the openings 1034 and 1036 is selected relative to the maximum amount of displacement allowed before the flexible coupling member 710 fails. Thus, during a mechanical shock, the actuator 700' encounters the inner surface of the housing 1030' before stretching the flexible coupling 710 to failure. Again, similar stretching along the axis perpendicular to the lead screw 360' can be prevented by the coupling between the lead screw 360' and the actuator 700'.

致動器殼體1030和1020許可致動器700和500相對於主要導銷601近距定位。如第9圖所示，此種近距定位之所以被許可係因為致動器殼體1020和1030之開放端允許致動器500和700被設置在致動器模組之一表面。因此，致動器500和700緊鄰主要導銷601放置，留下供導引套筒410和510使用之間距。The actuator housings 1030 and 1020 permit the actuators 700 and 500 to be positioned relatively close relative to the primary guide pin 601. As shown in Fig. 9, such close positioning is permitted because the open ends of the actuator housings 1020 and 1030 allow the actuators 500 and 700 to be disposed on one surface of the actuator module. Thus, the actuators 500 and 700 are placed in close proximity to the primary guide pin 601, leaving a distance between the guide sleeves 410 and 510 for use.

近距定位因使致動器200和300驅動光學件模組400和500時之轉矩效應最小化而提高精確度。光學件模組400和500之質心介於導銷601和602之間。導螺桿耦接面480偏離中心。因此，藉由耦接面480和570帶動光學件模組400和500傾向於引發一轉矩。包含主要導銷601在內的導銷抵消轉矩效應。無論如何，將模組建構為使致動器500和700及耦接面與導銷601幾近對準會減小導銷上之轉矩量。The close positioning improves accuracy by minimizing the torque effects when the actuators 200 and 300 drive the optics modules 400 and 500. The centroids of the optics modules 400 and 500 are interposed between the guide pins 601 and 602. The lead screw coupling face 480 is off center. Therefore, driving the optics modules 400 and 500 by the coupling faces 480 and 570 tends to induce a torque. The guide pin, including the main guide pin 601, counteracts the torque effect. In any event, constructing the module such that the actuators 500 and 700 and the coupling faces are closely aligned with the guide pins 601 reduces the amount of torque on the guide pins.

導螺桿總成Lead screw assembly

今參照第10A圖至第10C圖，範例導螺桿總成300’被示為與致動器殼體1030’耦接。導螺桿總成300’係以導螺桿360’為中心建構。該總成包含凸輪320’和參考帽340。導螺桿360’包括一有螺紋區域5、一第一端及一第二端。導螺桿360’之第一端與參考帽340一體成型。Referring now to Figures 10A through 10C, the example lead screw assembly 300' is shown coupled to the actuator housing 1030'. The lead screw assembly 300' is constructed centering on the lead screw 360'. The assembly includes a cam 320' and a reference cap 340. The lead screw 360' includes a threaded region 5, a first end and a second end. The first end of the lead screw 360' is integrally formed with the reference cap 340.

導螺桿－光學件群介面Lead screw-optical component group interface

今參照第8A圖，前光學件群400和後光學件群500分別與穿過導螺桿耦接面480和570之導螺桿耦接。主要導引套筒410和510二者與主要導銷601耦接。Referring now to Figure 8A, front optics group 400 and rear optics group 500 are coupled to lead screws that pass through lead screw coupling faces 480 and 570, respectively. Both main guide sleeves 410 and 510 are coupled to the main guide pin 601.

在較佳組態中，導螺桿之移動將力量傳遞通過其相對導螺桿耦接面。由於這些耦接面分別是光學群之一牢固耦接組件，耦接面之平移會造成其相對光學件群之位移。然一耦接面與一導螺桿之間的簡單剛性連接可達成此功能。例示之組態藉由將光學件群隔絕於導螺桿之非平移移動而提供額外好處。較佳來說，一耦接於導螺桿第一端的參考帽接觸耦接面，例如參見第10C圖之參考帽340。In a preferred configuration, the movement of the lead screw transfers power through its opposing lead screw coupling faces. Since these coupling faces are respectively one of the optical groups, the translation of the coupling surface causes displacement of the relative optical component group. A simple rigid connection between a coupling surface and a lead screw achieves this function. The exemplified configuration provides an additional benefit by isolating the optics group from the non-translational movement of the lead screw. Preferably, a reference cap coupled to the first end of the lead screw contacts the coupling face, see for example the reference cap 340 of FIG. 10C.

參考帽與耦接面之間的小接觸面積用以使減小摩擦，許可該耦接面相對於該參考帽及導螺桿依正交於導螺桿之軸線的軸線移動。此組態使導螺桿之大部分機械振動或擾動隔絕於光學件群。又，此隔絕意味著只有導螺桿之平移自由度需要受控以達成光學件群定位所需之必要精確度。儘管導螺桿之非平移移動在較佳實施例中未出現，這些特徵許可本發明之實施例在有此等非平移移動存在時應付此類搖擺。The small contact area between the reference cap and the coupling face is used to reduce friction, permitting the coupling face to move relative to the reference cap and the lead screw about an axis orthogonal to the axis of the lead screw. This configuration isolates most of the mechanical vibration or disturbance of the lead screw from the optics. Again, this isolation means that only the translational freedom of the lead screw needs to be controlled to achieve the necessary accuracy required for positioning the optics. While the non-translational movement of the lead screw does not occur in the preferred embodiment, these features permit embodiments of the present invention to cope with such sway in the presence of such non-translational movements.

為維持一耦接面與導螺桿之間的耦接，本發明之一些實施例依賴使致動器準確操作原本就需要的預加載彈簧。To maintain coupling between a coupling face and a lead screw, some embodiments of the present invention rely on the actuator to accurately operate the preload springs that would otherwise be needed.

預加載彈簧Preloaded spring

除了前述特徵，用於本發明實施例中的致動器通常需要一低變異預加載力。此預加載係由一具備一低力量常數的彈簧提供。在小位移應用中此方法效果良好。In addition to the foregoing features, actuators used in embodiments of the present invention typically require a low variation preload force. This preload is provided by a spring with a low force constant. This method works well in small displacement applications.

本發明之一些實施例依賴作用於光學件群上之彈簧力以向用來驅動該等群之導螺桿提供預加載。因此某種程度來說，光學件群之必要位移決定所需彈簧力傳輸機構之類型。Some embodiments of the present invention rely on spring forces acting on the optics to provide preloading to the lead screws used to drive the groups. So to some extent, the necessary displacement of the optics group determines the type of spring force transmission mechanism required.

舉例來說，在本發明之一些實施例中，前光學件群400被用在對焦和縮放操作且僅需位移一或二毫米。由於前光學件群400之較佳運動範圍小於二毫米，選擇一低力量常數彈簧並將其耦接為直接在光學件群上施加彈簧力會得到一較低變異預加載。For example, in some embodiments of the invention, the front optics cluster 400 is used for focusing and zooming operations and requires only one or two millimeters of displacement. Since the preferred range of motion of the front optics group 400 is less than two millimeters, selecting a low force constant spring and coupling it to apply a spring force directly on the optics group results in a lower variation preload.

如第8B圖所示，前導螺桿耦接面480鄰接於導螺桿260之第一端。為使該表面與導螺桿耦接並提供預加載，預加載彈簧必須將該表面推抵於導螺桿。因為對焦所涉及之小量移動，在此例中可允許直接提供彈簧力。因此，前預加載彈簧180經由預加載介面特徵470(第6B圖)耦接於前光學件群400且被建構為直接在光學件群400上施力。As shown in FIG. 8B, the lead screw coupling face 480 abuts the first end of the lead screw 260. In order for the surface to be coupled to the lead screw and provide a preload, the preload spring must push the surface against the lead screw. Because of the small amount of movement involved in focusing, spring force can be directly provided in this example. Thus, the front preload spring 180 is coupled to the front optics cluster 400 via preloaded interface features 470 (FIG. 6B) and is configured to apply force directly on the optics cluster 400.

在另一實例中，將後光學件群500用於縮放操作且需要位移數毫米或更多。由於前光學件群500之較佳運動範圍大於四毫米，選擇一低力量常數彈簧並將其耦接為直接在光學件群上施加彈簧力會導致預加載有大變異。In another example, the rear optics cluster 500 is used for a zooming operation and needs to be displaced by a few millimeters or more. Since the preferred range of motion of the front optics group 500 is greater than four millimeters, selecting a low force constant spring and coupling it to apply a spring force directly on the optics group can result in large variations in the preload.

如第6A圖和第6B圖所示，後導螺桿耦接面570鄰接於導螺桿360。為使該表面與導螺桿耦接並提供預加載，預加載彈簧必須將該表面推抵於導螺桿。但在此例中不希望直接提供預加載。As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the trailing lead screw coupling surface 570 is adjacent to the lead screw 360. In order for the surface to be coupled to the lead screw and provide a preload, the preload spring must push the surface against the lead screw. However, in this case it is not desirable to provide preloading directly.

因此，預加載彈簧110被建構在一預加載槓桿100之反端上。縮放預加載槓桿100包含一經建構用以與主體20之樞軸轂32匹配的樞軸孔140。又，預加載槓桿100包含一預加載彈簧鉤130及一預加載力轉移點120。Therefore, the preload spring 110 is constructed on the opposite end of the preload lever 100. The zoom preload lever 100 includes a pivot hole 140 that is configured to mate with the pivot hub 32 of the body 20. Also, the preload lever 100 includes a preload spring hook 130 and a preload force transfer point 120.

樞軸孔140朝預加載彈簧鉤130歪斜使得預加載槓桿100之鉤端處的移動於力轉移點端被放大。藉由相同機制，縮放槓桿100之力轉移點120處的大量移動變換成彈簧鉤130端處的相對較小移動。較佳來說，樞軸孔140之位置經選擇以使從該力轉移端至該彈簧鉤端之行程縮減，在此實例中係以因子五縮減。其他實施例採用一不同因子。The pivot hole 140 is skewed toward the preload spring hook 130 such that the movement at the hook end of the preload lever 100 is amplified at the force transfer point end. By the same mechanism, the large amount of movement at the force transfer point 120 of the zoom lever 100 translates into a relatively small movement at the end of the spring hook 130. Preferably, the position of the pivot hole 140 is selected to reduce the travel from the force transfer end to the spring hook end, in this example by a factor of five. Other embodiments employ a different factor.

彈簧鉤130與預加載彈簧110耦接，且力轉移點120與後導螺桿耦接面570之一面耦接。耦接面570亦鄰近於導螺桿360。為使該表面與該導螺桿耦接並提供預加載，該預加載彈簧必須將該表面推抵於該導螺桿。間接地從後預加載彈簧110透過槓桿100提供彈簧力意味著後光學件群500之行程間接地變換成預加載彈簧110之伸長。群行程對彈簧伸長量之特定比例係取決於槓桿樞軸相對於力轉移點及彈簧鉤之定位。如前所述，較佳比率是五分之一。The spring hook 130 is coupled to the preload spring 110, and the force transfer point 120 is coupled to one side of the rear lead screw coupling surface 570. The coupling surface 570 is also adjacent to the lead screw 360. In order to couple the surface to the lead screw and provide a preload, the preload spring must push the surface against the lead screw. Inter-grounding provides a spring force from the rear preload spring 110 through the lever 100 meaning that the stroke of the rear optics group 500 is indirectly converted to the elongation of the preload spring 110. The specific ratio of the group stroke to the spring elongation depends on the positioning of the lever pivot relative to the force transfer point and the spring hook. As mentioned earlier, the preferred ratio is one-fifth.

在間接或直接預加載彈簧力施加的任一情況中，預加載彈簧之反端較佳耦接於主體20。In either case of indirect or direct preload spring force application, the opposite end of the preload spring is preferably coupled to the body 20.

感測標的Sensing target

本發明之一些實施例包含感測標的藉以提供關於定位之反饋。在一些實施例中，一感測標的設置於一導螺桿上。在一些實施例中，一感測標的設置於一光學件群上。線性和旋轉標的二者均可用於本發明。Some embodiments of the invention include sensing targets to provide feedback regarding positioning. In some embodiments, a sensing target is disposed on a lead screw. In some embodiments, a sensing target is disposed on an optical component group. Both linear and rotary targets can be used in the present invention.

一依據本發明一些實施例之導螺桿總成包含一感測標的。一些導螺桿總成譬如第10A圖至第10C圖之總成300’不包含感測標的。但譬如第8C圖所示之導螺桿總成200包含位於凸輪220附近的感測標的290。在範例實施例中，標的290是一旋轉標的。旋轉標的之使用在需要極精細定位的情況中為較佳。A lead screw assembly in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention includes a sensing target. Some of the lead screw assemblies, such as the assembly 300' of Figures 10A through 10C, do not contain sensing targets. However, the lead screw assembly 200, as shown in FIG. 8C, includes a sensing target 290 located adjacent the cam 220. In the exemplary embodiment, the target 290 is a rotary target. The use of a rotating target is preferred in situations where very fine positioning is required.

一般而言，適合用以耦接於導螺桿之感測標的包含一與導螺桿之一對位特徵介接的特徵。在一些實施例中，感測標的係與導螺桿之螺紋介接。位置感測標的290經建構用以與位置感測器902接合。In general, the sensing target suitable for coupling to the lead screw includes a feature that interfaces with one of the lead screws. In some embodiments, the sensing target is interfaced with the threads of the lead screw. The position sensing target 290 is configured to engage the position sensor 902.

在一些實施例中，感測標的被包含為光學件群之一部分。舉例來說，在第8A圖至第8C圖中，感測標的590經建構當作後光學件群500之一部分。其中，標的590被建構成光學件群500之一體部件。但在一些實施例中，感測標的模組化，或者僅與一光學件群耦接。In some embodiments, the sensing target is included as part of a group of optics. For example, in Figures 8A through 8C, the sensing target 590 is constructed as part of the rear optical member group 500. Among them, the target 590 is constructed to constitute a body part of the optical member group 500. However, in some embodiments, the sensing target is modularized or coupled to only one optical component group.

又，感測標的590是一線性感測標的。線性標的在較低精度定位應用中是可接受的。又，線性標的在標的必須移動經過一相對較大範圍的應用中為較佳。此處將線性標的用在後光學件群500中係因為該群用於縮放用途。Also, the sensing target 590 is a one-line sexy measurement. Linear targets are acceptable in lower precision positioning applications. Again, linear targets are preferred in applications where the target must move through a relatively large range. The linear label is used here in the rear optics cluster 500 because the cluster is used for zooming purposes.

在第8A圖中，模組處於一末端停止位置。在一些實施例中，位置感測器901和902於末端停止期間分別脫離感測標的590和290。在此位置中，亦如第3圖和第4圖所示，導螺桿位置經由在本說明書他處說明之器件對正在一機械硬擋止。因此，由於在這些實施例中導螺桿位置係與光學群位置相關聯，導螺桿之對正也會界定光學件群之位置。In Figure 8A, the module is in an end stop position. In some embodiments, position sensors 901 and 902 are separated from sense targets 590 and 290, respectively, during end stop. In this position, as also shown in Figures 3 and 4, the lead screw position is being mechanically blocked by the device pair described elsewhere in this specification. Thus, since the lead screw position is associated with the optical group position in these embodiments, the alignment of the lead screw also defines the position of the optics group.

在第8B圖和第8C圖中，模組分別處於中間位置和遠距位置。較佳來說，感測標的590和290在處於中間和遠距位置時分別與位置感測器901和902接合。較佳來說，位置感測器和感測標的在所有縮放定位全程中接合。In Figures 8B and 8C, the modules are in the intermediate position and the remote position, respectively. Preferably, the sensing targets 590 and 290 engage the position sensors 901 and 902, respectively, in the intermediate and remote positions. Preferably, the position sensor and the sensing target are engaged throughout all zoom positioning.

機械硬擋止閂Mechanical hard stop latch

較佳來說，本發明之實施例包含經建構用以許可光學件群經由一機械硬擋止參考的特徵。Preferably, embodiments of the present invention include features configured to permit a group of optical components to be referenced via a mechanical hard stop.

今參照第3圖和第4圖，這些實施例包含硬擋止閂彈簧310及硬擋止閂彈簧410。硬擋止閂彈簧310在彈簧轂21上安裝於主體20。如第3圖和第4圖所示，硬擋止閂彈簧310包括一大致剛性體部及一活動彈簧312。該剛性體部包含透鏡群介接表面314、樞軸孔318、及閂316。透鏡群介接表面314及閂316每一者設置在繞樞軸孔318大約相隔90度定位之個別臂上且自此往外延伸。閂316臂大致長於群介接表面314臂。在休止時，活動彈簧312與閂316臂對準。Referring now to Figures 3 and 4, these embodiments include a hard stop latch spring 310 and a hard stop latch spring 410. The hard stop latch spring 310 is mounted to the body 20 on the spring hub 21. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the hard stop latch spring 310 includes a generally rigid body portion and a movable spring 312. The rigid body portion includes a lens group interface surface 314, a pivot hole 318, and a latch 316. The lens group interface surface 314 and the latch 316 are each disposed on an individual arm positioned approximately 90 degrees apart from the pivot hole 318 and extend therefrom. The latch 316 arms are generally longer than the group interface surface 314 arms. At rest, the movable spring 312 is aligned with the latch 316 arm.

樞軸孔318與彈簧轂21匹配且經建構用以繞轂21樞轉。群介接表面314經建構用以與後透鏡群500之彈簧驅動器580匹配。在休止時，閂316設置為與致動器殼體1030不對準，譬如第5A圖。硬擋止閂彈簧310在彈簧驅動器580將群介接表面314推往影像感測器時繞孔318樞轉，使活動彈簧312屈曲。在樞轉時，閂316移到與凸輪320之凸輪特徵322介接的位置。這為導螺桿360提供一機械硬擋止。The pivot hole 318 mates with the spring hub 21 and is configured to pivot about the hub 21. The group interface surface 314 is configured to match the spring driver 580 of the rear lens group 500. At rest, the latch 316 is disposed out of alignment with the actuator housing 1030, such as Figure 5A. The hard stop latch spring 310 pivots about the aperture 318 as the spring driver 580 pushes the group interface surface 314 toward the image sensor, causing the movable spring 312 to flex. When pivoted, the latch 316 moves to a position that interfaces with the cam feature 322 of the cam 320. This provides a mechanical hard stop for the lead screw 360.

硬擋止閂彈簧210在彈簧轂1028上安裝於致動器殼體1020，如第5B圖所示。硬擋止閂彈簧210包括一大致剛性體部及一活動彈簧212。該剛性體部包含透鏡群介接表面214、樞軸孔218、及閂216，譬如第4圖。透鏡群介接表面214及閂216每一者設置在繞樞軸孔218大約相隔90度定位之個別臂上且自此往外延伸。閂216臂大致長於群介接表面214臂。在休止時，活動彈簧212與閂216臂對準。A hard stop latch spring 210 is mounted to the actuator housing 1020 on the spring hub 1028 as shown in FIG. 5B. The hard stop latch spring 210 includes a generally rigid body portion and a movable spring 212. The rigid body portion includes a lens group interface surface 214, a pivot hole 218, and a latch 216, such as FIG. Lens group interface surface 214 and latch 216 are each disposed on an individual arm positioned approximately 90 degrees apart from pivot hole 218 and extend therefrom. The latch 216 arm is generally longer than the group interface surface 214 arm. At rest, the movable spring 212 is aligned with the latch 216 arm.

樞軸孔218與彈簧轂1028匹配且經建構用以繞轂1028樞轉。群介接表面214經建構用以與前透鏡群400之彈簧驅動器480匹配。在休止時，閂216設置為與致動器殼體1020不對準，譬如第5A圖。硬擋止閂彈簧210在彈簧驅動器480將群介接表面214推往影像感測器時繞轂1028樞轉，使活動彈簧212屈曲。在樞轉時，閂316移到與凸輪220之凸輪特徵222介接的位置。這為導螺桿260提供一機械硬擋止，譬如第8A圖所示。The pivot bore 218 mates with the spring hub 1028 and is configured to pivot about the hub 1028. The group interface surface 214 is configured to mate with the spring driver 480 of the front lens group 400. At rest, the latch 216 is disposed out of alignment with the actuator housing 1020, such as Figure 5A. The hard stop latch spring 210 pivots about the hub 1028 as the spring driver 480 pushes the group interface surface 214 toward the image sensor, causing the movable spring 212 to flex. When pivoted, the latch 316 moves to a position that interfaces with the cam feature 222 of the cam 220. This provides a mechanical hard stop for the lead screw 260, as shown in Figure 8A.

位置感測Position sensing

本發明之實施例包含經建構用以向一致動器控制系統提供反饋的位置感測元件。此等元件許可該模組利用非線性致動器馬達準確地定位功能群、譬如光學件群。Embodiments of the invention include position sensing elements that are configured to provide feedback to an actuator control system. These components permit the module to accurately locate functional groups, such as optical component groups, using a non-linear actuator motor.

本發明之較佳實施例使用一與模組之一功能群一同移動的感測標的，及一經建構用以偵測該感測標的之移動並編碼代表該感測標的移動之資料的感測器。舉例來說，一些實施例採用一包括不同反射率之區域的移動式感測標的的反射編碼。一範例位置感測系統包括位置感測器1030及第1圖模組1000之位置感測標的250和350。A preferred embodiment of the present invention uses a sensing target that moves with a functional group of the module, and a sensor that is configured to detect movement of the sensing target and encode data representative of movement of the sensing target . For example, some embodiments employ a reflective encoding of a mobile sensing target that includes regions of different reflectivity. An example position sensing system includes position sensing sensors 1030 and position sensing targets 250 and 350 of the first image module 1000.

反射編碼Reflection coding

在範例反射編碼系統中，感測器包含一發出輻射的元件及一偵測輻射的元件。標的舉例來說包含暗帶和亮帶。該暗帶傾向於從發射輻射吸收較該亮帶從發射輻射吸收之比例更高的比例。該等帶所反射之輻射被該感測器偵測到。當該標的相對於該感測器移動時，與該感測器對準之感測標的部分的吸收率和反射率會改變。該感測器將此變異編碼。有許多編碼演算法和程序符合本發明。舉例來說，感測器可為單純地偵測暗帶與亮帶間之每一轉變。In an exemplary reflective coding system, the sensor includes a radiating element and a radiation detecting element. The subject matter includes, for example, a dark band and a bright band. The dark band tends to absorb a higher proportion of the emitted radiation than the bright band absorbs from the emitted radiation. The radiation reflected by the bands is detected by the sensor. As the target moves relative to the sensor, the absorbance and reflectance of the portion of the sensing target that is aligned with the sensor changes. The sensor encodes this variation. There are many coding algorithms and procedures in accordance with the present invention. For example, the sensor can simply detect each transition between the dark and bright bands.

系統解析度System resolution

反射編碼系統之解析度係由數種因子決定。發射器/偵測器與標的間之距離、所用輻射之射束分散、及固有標的解析度全都對於系統解析度之決定扮演重要角色。這三種因子並非單獨作用而是交互作用，且每一者必須相對於他者做調整。The resolution of the reflection coding system is determined by several factors. The distance between the transmitter/detector and the target, the beam dispersion of the radiation used, and the resolution of the inherent target all play an important role in determining the resolution of the system. These three factors do not act alone but interact, and each must be adjusted relative to the other.

固有標的解析度本質上是特徵大小之一函數。標的之特徵的關鍵尺寸(平行於感測器移動之維度的尺寸)越小，其固有標的解析度越高。舉例來說，第1圖之標的250使用條紋對當作特徵。感測系統經建構用以沿著條紋之窄邊維度將條紋移動通過一感測器之視野。因此，範例組態中一條紋對之一關鍵尺寸是其沿窄邊維度之寬度。The resolution of the intrinsic target is essentially a function of the size of the feature. The smaller the critical dimension of the feature (the dimension parallel to the dimension of the sensor's movement), the higher the resolution of the inherent target. For example, the target 250 of Figure 1 uses a stripe pair as a feature. The sensing system is configured to move the fringes through the field of view of a sensor along the narrow side dimension of the stripe. Therefore, one of the key dimensions of a stripe pair in the example configuration is its width along the narrow side dimension.

但是位置感測系統並非只靠使用高固有標的解析度就保證有高解析度。必須用低射束分散輻射與小發射器－標的公差之一適當組合達成一已知特徵大小所許可之一最高解析度。射束分散及公差規格也有影響：射束分散之減小與公差之適度加大結合可維持一給定解析度，反之亦然。However, the position sensing system does not rely on the resolution of the high inherent standard to ensure high resolution. One of the highest resolutions allowed by a known feature size must be properly combined with one of the low beam dispersion radiation and one of the small emitter-to-target tolerances. Beam dispersion and tolerance specifications also have an effect: the reduction in beam dispersion and the moderate increase in tolerance can maintain a given resolution and vice versa.

就一給定特徵大小來說，會有一最大輻射束分散，超過此最大值即不可經由反射編碼解析此等特徵。第11B圖例示用於朝一系列吸收性和反射性帶(右側)發射光線之一系列光源(左側之白色方塊)的最大射束分散。第11C圖所示細部例示一20微米寬光源與一具有相似大小之特徵之標的的配對。在此例中，最大容許分散是10微米。For a given feature size, there is a maximum radiation beam dispersion beyond which the features cannot be resolved via reflection coding. Figure 11B illustrates the maximum beam dispersion for a series of light sources (white squares on the left) for emitting light towards a series of absorptive and reflective strips (right side). The detail shown in Figure 11C illustrates the pairing of a 20 micron wide source with a target of similar size. In this case, the maximum allowable dispersion is 10 microns.

在既定漫射條件下，最大容許分散及期望解析度決定輻射源與標的間之一最大間距。此間距(第11C圖中之距離d)與所需解析度成比例，且與代表輻射漫射之一角度之正切函數成比例。舉例來說，已知一典型LED漫射角為30度，為達到10微米解析度，距離d應當小於56.7微米。因此，為達到固有標的解析度，應當採用射束分散輻射與間距之一適當組合。Under the given diffusion conditions, the maximum allowable dispersion and the desired resolution determine the maximum distance between the source and the target. This spacing (distance d in Figure 11C) is proportional to the desired resolution and is proportional to the tangent function representing one of the angles of radiation diffusion. For example, a typical LED diffusion angle of 30 degrees is known, and to a resolution of 10 microns, the distance d should be less than 56.7 microns. Therefore, in order to achieve the inherent target resolution, one of the beam dispersion radiation and the spacing should be suitably combined.

固有標的解析度Inherent target resolution

本發明之一些實施例使用具備經最佳化在固有標的解析度操作之射束分散和公差的位置感測系統。在反射編碼中，有許多方法、策略及裝置可用於達成此目標。Some embodiments of the present invention use a position sensing system with beam dispersion and tolerance optimized to operate at inherent resolution. In reflection coding, there are many methods, strategies, and devices that can be used to achieve this goal.

第12A圖例示一種直接成像方案，其中一輻射發射器(白色矩形)譬如LED產生輻射，此輻射不經額外處理直接送到標的。該標的所反射之輻射的一部分被一偵測器(影線矩形)偵測到。在此類方案中，發射器必須產生具備夠低射束分散之輻射方可解析標的特徵。Figure 12A illustrates a direct imaging scheme in which a radiation emitter (white rectangle), such as an LED, produces radiation that is sent directly to the target without additional processing. A portion of the reflected radiation of the target is detected by a detector (hatched rectangle). In such a scheme, the transmitter must produce features that have low beam dispersion to resolve the target.

公差tolerance

一種達成固有標的解析度之方法是使發射器/偵測器相距甚近並掃描標的。但小公差會提高製造該標的及整個裝置所需要的精度。舉例來說，圓柱形標的之橫截面圓度隨著間距減小而變得更加重要。因為這些及其他理由，本發明之實施例較佳使發射器/偵測器及掃描標的以大量生產一般可達成之公差以內的距離相隔。One way to achieve an inherently targeted resolution is to have the emitter/detector close together and scan the target. However, small tolerances increase the precision required to manufacture the target and the entire unit. For example, the cross-sectional roundness of a cylindrical target becomes more important as the spacing decreases. For these and other reasons, embodiments of the present invention preferably provide for separation of the transmitter/detector and scanning target by a distance within a generally achievable tolerance of mass production.

活動區－發射器/偵測器修改Active Area - Transmitter / Detector Modification

有數種特徵與方法之組合可用來放寬間距要求公差或是減輕因輻射之漫射所造成的問題。在反射編碼中，感測標的之一部分被輻射激勵，且一偵測器接收一來自該感測標的之信號。收到的信號代表該感測標的之一活動區的特性。較佳來說，該活動區經訂定大小及定位為匹配於該感測標的之關鍵特徵尺寸。舉例來說，第15圖例示一感測標的之活動區。There are several combinations of features and methods that can be used to relax the tolerances required for spacing or to mitigate problems caused by diffuse radiation. In reflection coding, one portion of the sensing target is excited by radiation, and a detector receives a signal from the sensing target. The received signal represents the characteristics of one of the active areas of the sensing target. Preferably, the active area is sized and positioned to match a key feature size of the sensing target. For example, Figure 15 illustrates an active area of a sensory target.

活動區之大小及位置係由發射器和偵測器二者之特性決定。在一些案例中，輻射經調節以限制被輻射激勵之感測標的部分。在一些案例中，偵測器之視野經修剪。The size and location of the active area is determined by the characteristics of both the transmitter and the detector. In some cases, the radiation is adjusted to limit the portion of the sensing target that is excited by the radiation. In some cases, the field of view of the detector is trimmed.

有些技術涉及輻射處理措施，其許可採用當使用更具漫射性之輻射時不可能採用之可生產間距下的較高解析度標的。第12B圖例示一系統，其中利用一透鏡使輻射準直於一偵測器。使輻射準直會許可標的－感測器間距相較於直接成像加大而仍保有解析一既定特徵大小之能力。最大間距及可解析特徵大小係由準直後之輻射分散決定。Some techniques involve radiation treatments that permit the use of higher resolution targets at the production pitch that are not possible when using more diffuse radiation. Figure 12B illustrates a system in which a lens is used to collimate radiation to a detector. Aligning the radiation will allow the target-sensor spacing to maintain the ability to resolve a given feature size as compared to direct imaging. The maximum spacing and the resolvable feature size are determined by the dispersion of the radiation after collimation.

有些技術涉及經建構用以將感測器之視野限制在其固有視野之一部分的元件。第12C圖例示一種系統，其中利用一針孔防止來自一相鄰區域之〝溢出〞致使一轉變過程未被偵測到。在此例中，反射的輻射必須通過放在標的表面附近之中心對正針孔才會抵達偵測器。此系統可能需要較高強度的發射器，因為僅有相對少量的輻射能夠通過針孔。Some techniques involve elements that are constructed to limit the field of view of the sensor to a portion of its natural field of view. Figure 12C illustrates a system in which a pinhole is used to prevent sputum from an adjacent area from overflowing, such that a transition process is not detected. In this case, the reflected radiation must reach the detector by centering the positive pinhole near the surface of the target. This system may require a higher intensity transmitter because only a relatively small amount of radiation can pass through the pinhole.

儘管本發明某些實施例確實採取活動區修剪策略譬如輻射調節，執行這些策略所需要的額外裝置或特徵提高所生產模組之成本和複雜度。較佳來說，本發明之實施例採用其他方式來達成期望解析度。While certain embodiments of the present invention do employ active zone pruning strategies such as radiation conditioning, the additional equipment or features required to perform these strategies increase the cost and complexity of the modules produced. Preferably, embodiments of the present invention employ other means to achieve the desired resolution.

超越固有標的解析度Beyond the inherent resolution

在某些閾值，透過高固有標的解析度之使用來達成高系統解析度開始一定要有輻射調節或緊密間距。如前所述，這些元件提高模組複雜度及生產中要求之精度。因此，為得到超越這些閾值之解析度，本發明之實施例較佳採用一較低固有標的解析度搭配眾多策略中之至少一者以達成高於固有標的解析度的系統解析度。At certain thresholds, there must be radiation adjustment or tight spacing beginning with high intrinsic resolution resolution to achieve high system resolution. As mentioned earlier, these components increase the complexity of the module and the accuracy required in production. Therefore, in order to obtain a resolution that exceeds these thresholds, embodiments of the present invention preferably employ a lower intrinsic resolution with at least one of a number of strategies to achieve a system resolution that is higher than the resolution of the inherent target.

活動區－標的修改Activity area - target modification

前述界定一活動區的方法關於調節來自一發射器之輻射、選擇一具備適當視野之偵測器、或利用一外部裝置修改視野。然替代方法關於將感測標的建構為限制其在任一時間被輻射激勵之部分，且因此修剪活動區。The foregoing method of defining an active zone is for adjusting radiation from a transmitter, selecting a detector with an appropriate field of view, or modifying the field of view with an external device. An alternative method is to construct the sensing target to limit its portion that is excited by radiation at any one time, and thus trim the active area.

舉例來說，第11A圖之橫截面圖例示一種組態，其中特徵大小與一圓柱形感測標的之弧配對以限制偵測器之視野。發射器/偵測器3030之視野對上標的3350包含最大兩次轉變之一區域。For example, the cross-sectional view of Figure 11A illustrates a configuration in which the feature size is paired with an arc of a cylindrical sensing target to limit the field of view of the detector. The field of view of the transmitter/detector 3030 versus the superscript 3350 contains one of the largest two transitions.

較佳來說，感測標的和偵測器經建構致使一單一特徵主宰視野。舉例來說，如第15圖所示，一活動區經訂定大小以匹配一條紋對之寬度。一般而言，標的之特徵大小係以視野為基礎作選擇。然所需解析度亦可為決定特徵大小之一因子。Preferably, the sensing target and the detector are constructed such that a single feature dominates the field of view. For example, as shown in Figure 15, an active area is sized to match the width of a stripe pair. In general, the feature size of the target is selected based on the field of view. However, the required resolution may also be a factor that determines the size of the feature.

資料處理Data processing

較佳來說，本發明之實施例處理來自一感測器之資料以達成高於固有標的解析度之解析度。許多處理技術、方法及元件被用在本發明各實施例中，包括以閾值為基礎的信號變換和內插。Preferably, embodiments of the present invention process data from a sensor to achieve resolution above the resolution of the intrinsic target. A number of processing techniques, methods, and components are used in various embodiments of the present invention, including signal conversion and interpolation based on threshold values.

較佳來說，本發明之實施例將感測標的在活動區內之一部分編碼成一電壓。該電壓隨著編碼時該感測標的位於該活動區內之部分的特性變動。Preferably, embodiments of the present invention encode a portion of the sensing target in the active region into a voltage. The voltage varies with the characteristic of the portion of the sensing target located in the active area as the encoding progresses.

本發明之實施例較佳使活動區之尺寸匹配於感測標的特徵之關鍵尺寸以便產生一平滑變動信號。第15圖例示活動區與感測標的特徵尺寸之間的較佳關係。活動區沿著關鍵尺寸之方向夠大使得其將不會連續遭遇具備相同亮/暗特性之區域。在該例示實施例中，活動區沿著關鍵尺寸維度係大於一個特徵寬度且小於該寬度之兩倍。此類組態大致防止〝扁平〞班點發生於所產生類比信號當中。Embodiments of the present invention preferably match the size of the active area to the critical dimension of the sensing target feature to produce a smooth varying signal. Figure 15 illustrates a preferred relationship between the active area and the feature size of the sensing target. The active area is large enough along the critical dimension so that it will not continuously encounter areas with the same light/dark characteristics. In the illustrated embodiment, the active zone is greater than one feature width along the critical dimension dimension and less than twice the width. This type of configuration generally prevents the flat shift point from occurring in the generated analog signal.

隨時間經過，當感測標的移動通過活動區時，系統形成一代表已通過該區域之感測區部分的信號。如第16圖所示，一感測標的(部分1)與一變動信號(部分2)沿一時間軸t相關聯。部分2中之信號在一給定點的強度係由在該時間該活動區內之特性(譬如亮條紋與暗條紋之比例)決定。如圖所示，部分2中之信號的極小值在時間上對應於暗條紋之中心軸線。相似地，部分2中之信號的極大值在時間上對應於亮條紋之中心軸線。Over time, as the sensing target moves through the active area, the system forms a signal representative of the portion of the sensing region that has passed through the region. As shown in Fig. 16, a sense target (Part 1) is associated with a change signal (Part 2) along a time axis t. The intensity of the signal in section 2 at a given point is determined by the characteristics of the active zone at that time, such as the ratio of bright streaks to dark streaks. As shown, the minimum value of the signal in section 2 corresponds in time to the central axis of the dark stripe. Similarly, the maximum value of the signal in section 2 corresponds in time to the central axis of the bright stripe.

在一些實施例中，該信號是電壓之一連續編碼，在其他實施例中該信號是以一特定頻率取得之一系列離散樣本。在任一例中，該信號較佳含有該感測標的在移動越過感測器視野時之每一特徵有關的多個樣本。In some embodiments, the signal is one of the voltages continuously encoded, and in other embodiments the signal is a series of discrete samples taken at a particular frequency. In either case, the signal preferably contains a plurality of samples of the sense target associated with each feature as it moves past the field of view of the sensor.

編碼程序產生一代表感測標的之移動的可變信號。該信號之極小值和極大值代表感測標的在其固有標的解析度之移動。較佳來說，此可變信號是一類比電壓。在一些實施例中，採用內插法來建構該可變信號之極小值與極大值之間的較高解析度資料。較佳來說，內插誤差僅發生在固有標的解析度之一給定周期內，且用信號之每一最小值或最大值重設。這使內插法所產生之誤差侷限在固有解析度之一大致固定百分率。The encoding process produces a variable signal representative of the movement of the sensing target. The minimum and maximum values of the signal represent the movement of the sensing target at its inherent target resolution. Preferably, the variable signal is an analog voltage. In some embodiments, interpolation is employed to construct higher resolution data between the minimum and maximum values of the variable signal. Preferably, the interpolation error occurs only within a given period of one of the inherent target resolutions and is reset with each minimum or maximum value of the signal. This limits the error produced by the interpolation method to a substantially fixed percentage of one of the inherent resolutions.

一處理系統從感測器接收一可變信號且以一高於固有標的解析度之解析度產生經修正的移動資料。舉例來說，在一些實施例中，該類比電壓信號被送到一類比數位變換器(ADC)。經以會得到每一特徵多個樣本之取樣率產生的類比信號含有足以支援用高於固有標的解析度之一解析度進行數位信號之ADC產生的資訊。在一些實施例中，利用一使用多閾值之ADC程序將一類比信號編碼成一較高解析度數位信號。A processing system receives a variable signal from the sensor and produces corrected motion data at a resolution that is higher than the resolution of the inherent target. For example, in some embodiments, the analog voltage signal is sent to an analog to digital converter (ADC). The analog signal produced by the sampling rate that would result in multiple samples per feature contains information sufficient to support ADC generation of the digital signal with a resolution higher than the resolution of the inherent target. In some embodiments, a class of analog signals is encoded into a higher resolution digital signal using an ADC program that uses multiple thresholds.

然後將經修正的移動資料轉譯成代表耦接於感測標的之一功能群之位置的位置資料。舉例來說，在一些實施例中使來自ADC之數位資料供予一控制器，該數位資料在該控制器被分析並轉譯成位置資料。The corrected mobile data is then translated into location data representative of the location of one of the functional groups coupled to the sensing target. For example, in some embodiments digital data from an ADC is provided to a controller that is analyzed and translated into location data at the controller.

一種依據本發明之方法例示於第17圖。該方法想要偵測一耦接於一感測標的之功能群的位置，該感測標的經建構用一第一解析度表達該功能群之移動。此包括一步驟5010，利用該感測標的以該第一解析度偵測該功能群之移動。該方法更包括一步驟5020，編碼代表實測移動之原始移動資料。在另一步驟5030中，該方法包括將該原始移動資料處理成具有一第二解析度之經修正移動資料，其中該第二解析度高於該第一解析度。又，該方法包含一步驟5040，將該經修正移動資料轉譯成代表該功能群之位置的位置資料。A method in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in Figure 17. The method is intended to detect the location of a functional group coupled to a sensing target, the sensing target being constructed to express the movement of the functional group with a first resolution. This includes a step 5010 of detecting the movement of the functional group at the first resolution using the sensing target. The method further includes a step 5020 of encoding the original mobile data representing the measured movement. In another step 5030, the method includes processing the raw mobile data into corrected mobile data having a second resolution, wherein the second resolution is higher than the first resolution. Additionally, the method includes a step 5040 of translating the corrected mobile data into location data representative of the location of the functional group.

較佳來說，實施例包含額外的處理電路校準。在較佳實施例中，一初始校準會在接通電源期間自動完成。舉例來說，在一ADC型系統中，接通電源期間之自我校準較佳決定資料所需輸入範圍。採用自我校準之實施例不需要在製造期間初始校準或在其使用壽命中貯存固定校準參數。又，該校準較佳界定每一功能群之初始位置。在一些實施例中，這些初始位置係由在本說明書中他處更詳細說明之一硬參考擋止決定。在一些實施例中，位置係藉由感測器與感測標的間之交互作用之不存在得到參考。Preferably, embodiments include additional processing circuit calibration. In the preferred embodiment, an initial calibration is done automatically during power up. For example, in an ADC type system, self-calibration during power-on is better to determine the input range required for the data. Embodiments employing self-calibration do not require initial calibration during manufacturing or storage of fixed calibration parameters over their useful life. Again, the calibration preferably defines the initial position of each functional group. In some embodiments, these initial positions are determined by a hard reference block that is described in more detail elsewhere in this specification. In some embodiments, the location is referenced by the absence of interaction between the sensor and the sensing target.

特定言之，參照第14A圖，當後筒身530、感測標的590及導引套筒510沿導銷601移動時，感測標的590和感測器901最終變成脫離。此時感測器901讀取到的信號改變，許可系統參考感測標的590、後筒身530或後透鏡(圖中未示)之位置。此外，在相同移動期間，彈簧驅動器580接觸硬擋止閂彈簧310之透鏡群介接表面314，最終抵達一機械硬擋止，該機械硬擋止如前所述亦可當作一參考物。In particular, referring to FIG. 14A, when the rear barrel 530, the sensing target 590, and the guiding sleeve 510 are moved along the guide pin 601, the sensing target 590 and the sensor 901 eventually become disengaged. At this time, the signal read by the sensor 901 is changed, and the permission system refers to the position of the sensing target 590, the rear cylinder 530 or the rear lens (not shown). In addition, during the same movement, the spring driver 580 contacts the lens group interface surface 314 of the hard stop latch spring 310, eventually reaching a mechanical hard stop that can also serve as a reference as previously described.

今參照第14B圖，一相似程序可應用於前透鏡位置感測器。前感測標的290和感測器902於前導螺桿260之移動期間最終變成脫離。此時感測器902讀取到的信號改變，許可系統參考前感測標的290或前透鏡(圖中未示)之位置。此外，在相同移動期間，凸輪220之凸輪特徵222接觸硬擋止閂彈簧210之透鏡群介接表面216，最終抵達一機械硬擋止，該機械硬擋止如前所述亦可當作一參考物。Referring now to Figure 14B, a similar procedure can be applied to the front lens position sensor. The front sensing target 290 and sensor 902 eventually become disengaged during movement of the lead screw 260. At this time, the signal read by the sensor 902 changes, and the permission system refers to the position of the front sensing target 290 or the front lens (not shown). Moreover, during the same movement, the cam feature 222 of the cam 220 contacts the lens group interface surface 216 of the hard stop latch spring 210, eventually reaching a mechanical hard stop, which can also be considered as a References.

但一些實施例亦包含在感測期間連續校準以應付具備麻煩時間變異之信號。有許多組態會產生隨時間經過有輕微不安定的信號。舉例來說，第16圖部分3例示一具備〝搖擺〞之一平均振幅的信號。許多設計和製造決策可造成此等信號，例如一圓柱形感測標的之偏心安裝。在一些實施例中利用一與不安定相關聯之校準常數將其抵消且動態地校正處理輸出。舉例來說，經歷一尾隨時間或頻率周期之平均振幅。However, some embodiments also include continuous calibration during sensing to cope with signals with cumbersome time variations. There are many configurations that produce a signal that is slightly unstable over time. For example, Section 3 of Figure 16 illustrates a signal having an average amplitude of one of the swaying ridges. Many design and manufacturing decisions can cause such signals, such as eccentric mounting of a cylindrical sensing target. In some embodiments it is offset and dynamically corrected for processing output using a calibration constant associated with restlessness. For example, experience an average amplitude over time or frequency period.

在一些實施例中，非揮發性記憶元件被包含在控制或處理電路中且被用來提供額外的製造和校準資料。較佳來說，此額外資料係用來調整組件變異及生產公差。In some embodiments, non-volatile memory elements are included in the control or processing circuitry and are used to provide additional manufacturing and calibration data. Preferably, this additional information is used to adjust component variations and production tolerances.

採取內插法之一些實施例使用額外的硬體及/或韌體(例如一用來定時及分析的時鐘)。如果致動器極度非線性，內插法可引發定位誤差。較佳來說，本發明之實施例採用ADC技術。Some embodiments that take interpolation use additional hardware and/or firmware (eg, a clock for timing and analysis). If the actuator is extremely non-linear, interpolation can cause positioning errors. Preferably, embodiments of the invention employ ADC techniques.

組態configuration

本發明之實施例包含採用多種不同組態之感測器和感測標的的位置感測系統。一些實施例包含圓柱形感測標的、經建構用以隨一導螺桿或其他旋轉傳動機構旋轉的封閉表面。由於功能群與具有已知螺距之導螺桿耦接，導螺桿的旋轉與功能群沿導螺桿軸線之平移成比例。此外，有些實施例包含耦接於一功能群且經建構隨該功能群移動的線性感測標的。以下實例中說明的感測系統被例示為具備圓柱形感測標的；然此處所述方法、策略及設備亦考慮到在本發明之一些實施例中使用線性標的。Embodiments of the present invention include position sensing systems that employ a variety of differently configured sensors and sensing targets. Some embodiments include a cylindrical sensing target, a closed surface that is configured to rotate with a lead screw or other rotary drive mechanism. Since the functional group is coupled to a lead screw having a known pitch, the rotation of the lead screw is proportional to the translation of the functional group along the axis of the lead screw. Moreover, some embodiments include a line sensing that is coupled to a functional group and that is configured to move with the functional group. The sensing system illustrated in the following examples is illustrated as having a cylindrical sensing target; however, the methods, strategies, and apparatus described herein also contemplate the use of linear indicia in some embodiments of the invention.

舉例來說，一使用旋轉感測標的之系統例示於第11A圖。如該剖面圖所示，一位置感測系統包含定位在離發射器/偵測器3030一段距離d的圓柱形標的3350。發射器/偵測器3030之視野對上標的3350包含最大兩次轉變之一區域。在一些實施例中，該發射器/偵測器是一光反射器。For example, a system using a rotational sensing target is illustrated in Figure 11A. As shown in this cross-sectional view, a position sensing system includes a cylindrical target 3350 positioned a distance d from the transmitter/detector 3030. The field of view of the transmitter/detector 3030 versus the superscript 3350 contains one of the largest two transitions. In some embodiments, the emitter/detector is a light reflector.

在另一實例中，如第13B圖所示，發射器/偵測器4030包括一感測器4034及一發射器4032。該發射器/偵測器更包含一遮罩結構4030’，該遮罩結構包含發射器窗口4032’及二個感測器窗口4034’和4034”。在一些實施例中該發射器是一LED。In another example, as shown in FIG. 13B, the transmitter/detector 4030 includes a sensor 4034 and a transmitter 4032. The transmitter/detector further includes a mask structure 4030' including a transmitter window 4032' and two sensor windows 4034' and 4034". In some embodiments the emitter is an LED .

感測標的4350之暗帶吸收該發射器發出之輻射，而該感測標的之亮帶反射該發射器發出之輻射。感測器偵測當該等帶相對於感測器窗口移動時之吸收及反射作用的轉變。較佳來說，感測器4034在感測器窗口4032’和4034”二者中分開偵測轉變。在一些實施例中，發射器/偵測器4030係一光反射器。The dark band of the sensing target 4350 absorbs the radiation emitted by the emitter, and the bright band of the sensing target reflects the radiation emitted by the emitter. The sensor detects changes in absorption and reflection as the strip moves relative to the sensor window. Preferably, sensor 4034 detects the transition separately in both sensor windows 4032' and 4034". In some embodiments, transmitter/detector 4030 is a light reflector.

在更另一實例中，如第13A圖所示，採用一種雙偵測器模組。發射器/偵測器3030包括一第一感測器3034A、一第二感測器3034B、及一發射器3032。遮罩結構3030’包含發射器窗口3032’及四個感測器窗口3034A’、3034A”、3034B’、3034B”。在一些實施例中，發射器/偵測器3030是一光反射器。在一些實施例中該發射器是一LED。In still another example, as shown in Figure 13A, a dual detector module is employed. The transmitter/detector 3030 includes a first sensor 3034A, a second sensor 3034B, and a transmitter 3032. The mask structure 3030' includes a transmitter window 3032' and four sensor windows 3034A', 3034A", 3034B', 3034B". In some embodiments, the transmitter/detector 3030 is a light reflector. In some embodiments the emitter is an LED.

來自發射器3032之輻射大致被感測標的3350之暗帶吸收且大致被感測標的3350之亮帶反射。感測器3034A和3034B偵測當該等帶相對於感測器窗口移動時之吸收及反射作用的轉變。第一感測器3034A和第二感測器3034B二者均偵測轉變。Radiation from the emitter 3032 is substantially absorbed by the dark band of the sensing target 3350 and is substantially reflected by the bright band of the sensing target 3350. Sensors 3034A and 3034B detect changes in the absorption and reflection effects of the bands as they move relative to the sensor window. Both the first sensor 3034A and the second sensor 3034B detect a transition.

在一些實施例中，一偵測器在不同時間點編碼一給定轉變。此外，在一些實施例中，偵測器包含用於以兩種資料格式編碼一轉變的器件，這兩種資料格式的差異在於一常數、譬如相位。在一些實施例中(譬如第13A圖)，二個獨立感測器相互異相地編碼轉變。在其他實施例中，一單一感測器觀察空間中兩不同點處之轉變，譬如第13B圖之二個窗口3034’和3034”。較佳來說，在這些實施例中一控制系統結合異相資料，許可其偵測一移動方向以及其幅度。In some embodiments, a detector encodes a given transition at different points in time. Moreover, in some embodiments, the detector includes means for encoding a transition in two data formats, the difference between the two data formats being a constant, such as a phase. In some embodiments (such as Figure 13A), two independent sensors encode the transitions out of phase with each other. In other embodiments, a single sensor observes transitions at two different points in the space, such as two windows 3034' and 3034" of Figure 13B. Preferably, in these embodiments a control system is combined with a different phase. Information, permitting it to detect a moving direction and its magnitude.

在上述組態內之一圓柱形感測標的中，每一特徵較佳覆蓋圓周之60度。因此，在一實施例中，一具有12mm周長之圓柱形標的包含呈一交替反射/吸收圖案的六個2mm條紋。又，較佳採用如前所述之處理步驟以使解析度提高超過此類標的所固有。In one of the cylindrical sensing targets within the above configuration, each feature preferably covers 60 degrees of the circumference. Thus, in one embodiment, a cylindrical target having a circumference of 12 mm comprises six 2 mm stripes in an alternating reflection/absorption pattern. Again, the processing steps described above are preferably employed to increase the resolution beyond that of such targets.

一位置感測系統提供一透鏡群在其運動範圍當中之位置資料。在本發明之一些實施例中，一位置感測系統追蹤一光學件群在一10mm範圍當中之70微米以內的相對位置。A position sensing system provides information on the position of a lens group over its range of motion. In some embodiments of the invention, a position sensing system tracks the relative position of an optical component within 70 microns of a 10 mm range.

操作operating

較佳系統利用位置感測器資料控制一致動器。在一些實施例中，該資料係用於預測該致動器之每一循環的移動。在一些實施例中，該資料係用於預測該致動器被接上並接通電源之每單位時間的移動。在一些實施例中，該資料係以一即時方式搭配一校正循環使用以提高準確度。較佳來說，依據使用之特定致動器決定要採取何種特定方式。The preferred system utilizes position sensor data to control the actuator. In some embodiments, the data is used to predict the movement of each cycle of the actuator. In some embodiments, the data is used to predict the movement per unit time that the actuator is connected and powered on. In some embodiments, the data is used in an instant manner with a correction cycle to increase accuracy. Preferably, the particular mode of action is determined depending on the particular actuator used.

本發明之一些實施例在縮放及自動對焦作業期間利用位置資料準確地定位並追蹤光學件群。較佳來說，在縮放作業期間，有多個透鏡群被移動及追蹤。致動器控制電路較佳準確地解譯位置資料以實現追蹤和移動。在一些實施例中，控制電路使用貯存於一表中之追蹤解譯資料。在一些實施例中，控制電路使用貯存成一數學函數之追蹤解譯資料。有時此資料係在一校準循環中界定。較佳來說，此校準循環係在製程中發生。Some embodiments of the present invention utilize positional data to accurately position and track an optical mass during zooming and autofocusing operations. Preferably, multiple lens groups are moved and tracked during the zooming operation. The actuator control circuit preferably interprets the position data accurately for tracking and movement. In some embodiments, the control circuitry uses tracking interpretation data stored in a table. In some embodiments, the control circuit uses tracking interpretation data stored as a mathematical function. Sometimes this data is defined in a calibration cycle. Preferably, this calibration cycle occurs during the process.

又，致動器控制電路較佳於一指定時間禎以內完成縮放作業。較佳來說，在涉及攝影光學件之實施例中，縮放作業係以一不會干擾到錄影的方式完成。在一些實施例中，利用縮放範圍及框速率來決定一最佳段差大小。舉例來說，用全縮放範圍除以期望搜尋時間內之圖框數量而得到段差大小。因此，每段縮放可在一圖框以內發生。較佳來說，當縮放作業發生時，這些段差與框速率同步化。又，多個群在縮放作業期間之移動較佳是交叉進行的。因此，當每一群移動時，剩下的群保持靜止。交叉進行會減少驅動器及瞬間功率需求。Moreover, the actuator control circuit preferably completes the zooming operation within a specified time frame. Preferably, in an embodiment involving photographic optics, the zooming operation is done in a manner that does not interfere with the recording. In some embodiments, the zoom range and the frame rate are utilized to determine an optimal step size. For example, the step size is obtained by dividing the full zoom range by the number of frames in the desired search time. Therefore, each segment of zoom can occur within a frame. Preferably, these step differences are synchronized with the frame rate when a scaling job occurs. Also, the movement of the plurality of groups during the zooming operation is preferably performed in an intersecting manner. Therefore, as each group moves, the remaining groups remain stationary. Crossover will reduce drive and instantaneous power requirements.

此外，在自動對焦作業期間，通常是一單一群被移動。較佳來說，一群以小幅增量移動通過一對焦範圍。較佳來說，利用一精準位置感測器及致動器控制電路以許可用小於20微米之增量進行定位。再者，儘管有許多電路和硬體可用於施行自動對焦演算，較佳實施方式許可使該群可靠地返回顯現最好對焦效果之位置。In addition, during an autofocus job, usually a single group is moved. Preferably, a group moves through a range of focus in small increments. Preferably, a precision position sensor and actuator control circuit is utilized to permit positioning in increments of less than 20 microns. Moreover, although many circuits and hardware are available for performing autofocus calculations, the preferred embodiment permits the group to reliably return to the position where the best focus effect is exhibited.

如前所述，一些實施例之光學元件被劃分成二個群，一群裝在一前筒身內，另一群裝在一後筒身內。一般而言，這些光學群在有限空間內之精確運動係利用前述機構達成。As previously mentioned, the optical components of some embodiments are divided into two groups, one in a front barrel and the other in a rear barrel. In general, the precise motion of these optical groups in a limited space is achieved using the aforementioned mechanisms.

一些實施例之自動對焦及縮放模組的形狀因數在沒有稜鏡之條件下為9×14×22mm，或者在包含一稜鏡之條件下為9×14×30mm。The autofocus and zoom module of some embodiments has a form factor of 9 x 14 x 22 mm without twitch or 9 x 14 x 30 mm with one turn.

儘管已參照許多特定細節說明本發明，熟習此技藝者會理解到本發明可不脫離發明精神用其他特定形式實施。因此，熟習此技藝者會理解到本發明不侷限於以上所述範例細節，而是由隨附申請專利範圍項界定。Although the present invention has been described with reference to the specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art Thus, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention is not limited to the details of the examples described above, but is defined by the accompanying claims.

1．．．加固件1. . . Firmware

2．．．末端導板2. . . End guide

2a、2b．．．孔2a, 2b. . . hole

40．．．稜鏡40. . .稜鏡

10．．．影像感測器板10. . . Image sensor board

12．．．標的區12. . . Target area

20．．．主結構20. . . Main structure

21、1028．．．彈簧轂21, 1028. . . Spring hub

22．．．底座導引部分twenty two. . . Base guide

5．．．螺紋區域5. . . Threaded area

24．．．上部結構twenty four. . . Superstructure

26．．．下部結構26. . . Substructure

25、27．．．通孔25, 27. . . Through hole

32．．．樞軸轂32. . . Pivot hub

14．．．影像感測器14. . . Image sensor

100．．．預加載槓桿100. . . Preload lever

130．．．預加載彈簧鉤130. . . Preloaded spring hook

120．．．預加載力轉移點120. . . Preloading force transfer point

110．．．預加載彈簧110. . . Preloaded spring

180．．．前預加載彈簧180. . . Front preload spring

210．．．硬擋止閂彈簧210. . . Hard stop spring

212．．．活動彈簧212. . . Moving spring

214．．．透鏡群介接表面214. . . Lens group interface surface

290．．．感測標的290. . . Sensing target

310．．．硬擋止閂彈簧310. . . Hard stop spring

312．．．活動彈簧312. . . Moving spring

314．．．透鏡群介接表面314. . . Lens group interface surface

316．．．閂316. . . latch

318．．．樞軸孔318. . . Pivot hole

222、322．．．凸輪特徵222, 322. . . Cam feature

420．．．前導槽420. . . Leading channel

440．．．前透鏡群440. . . Front lens group

430．．．前筒身430. . . Front barrel

510．．．後導引套筒510. . . Rear guiding sleeve

520．．．後導槽520. . . Rear guide

530．．．後筒身530. . . Rear barrel

540．．．後透鏡540. . . Rear lens

580．．．彈簧驅動器580. . . Spring drive

1000．．．模組1000. . . Module

901、902．．．位置感測器901, 902. . . Position sensor

400．．．前光學件群400. . . Front optics

500．．．後光學件群500. . . Rear optics

410．．．前導引套筒410. . . Front guide sleeve

700’．．．致動器700’. . . Actuator

710．．．可撓聯結件710. . . Flexible joint

340．．．參考帽340. . . Reference cap

480．．．前導螺桿耦接面480. . . Leading screw coupling surface

4034．．．感測器4034. . . Sensor

3350．．．視野對上標的3350. . . Vision to superscript

3032．．．發射器3032. . . launcher

4330’．．．遮罩結構4330’. . . Mask structure

4350．．．感測標的4350. . . Sensing target

3030’．．．遮罩結構3030’. . . Mask structure

3032’、4032’．．．發射器窗口3032’, 4032’. . . Transmitter window

4032、3034A、3034B．．．感測器4032, 3034A, 3034B. . . Sensor

3030、4030．．．發射器/偵測器3030, 4030. . . Transmitter/detector

470．．．預加載介面特徵470. . . Preloaded interface feature

140、218．．．樞軸孔140, 218. . . Pivot hole

320、320’、220．．．凸輪320, 320', 220. . . Cam

480、570．．．耦接面480, 570. . . Coupling surface

200、300．．．近距定位因使致動器200, 300. . . Close positioning

250、350、1030．．．位置感測標的250, 350, 1030. . . Position sensing

1032、1034、1036、1038．．．開口1032, 1034, 1036, 1038. . . Opening

701、702、704．．．壓電條701, 702, 704. . . Piezoelectric strip

11．．．許可影像感測器板延長部11. . . Licensed image sensor board extension

601、602．．．導銷601, 602. . . Guide pin

1020、1030、1030’．．．致動器殼體1020, 1030, 1030’. . . Actuator housing

200、260、300、300’、360、360’．．．導螺桿200, 260, 300, 300', 360, 360'. . . Lead screw

4034’、4034”、3034A’、3034A”、3034B’、3034B”．．．感測器窗口4034', 4034", 3034A', 3034A", 3034B', 3034B"... sensor window

本發明之新穎特徵在隨附申請專利範圍項中提出。但為進行解釋，本發明之數個實施例在下述圖式中示出。The novel features of the present invention are set forth in the accompanying claims. However, for purposes of explanation, several embodiments of the invention are shown in the following figures.

第1圖是一依據本發明一些實施例之一自動對焦及縮放模組的等角透視圖。1 is an isometric perspective view of an autofocus and zoom module in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第2圖是一依據本發明一些實施例之一自動對焦及縮放模組的等角透視圖。2 is an isometric perspective view of an autofocus and zoom module in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第3圖是一依據本發明一些實施例處於一末端停止位置之一自動對焦及縮放模組的內部部件的等角透視圖。Figure 3 is an isometric perspective view of the internal components of an autofocus and zoom module in an end stop position in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第4圖是另一依據本發明一些實施例處於一末端停止位置之一自動對焦及縮放模組的內部部件的等角透視圖。Figure 4 is an isometric perspective view of another internal component of an autofocus and zoom module in an end stop position in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第5A圖是一依據本發明一些實施例處於一中間位置之一自動對焦及縮放模組的內部部件的等角透視圖。Figure 5A is an isometric perspective view of the internal components of an autofocus and zoom module in an intermediate position in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第5B圖是一依據本發明一些實施例處於一中間位置之一自動對焦及縮放模組的內部彈簧元件的平面圖。Figure 5B is a plan view of an internal spring element of an autofocus and zoom module in an intermediate position in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第6A圖是另一依據本發明一些實施例處於一中間位置之一自動對焦及縮放模組的內部彈簧元件的平面圖。Figure 6A is a plan view of another internal spring element of an autofocus and zoom module in an intermediate position in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第6B圖是一依據本發明一些實施例處於一中間位置之一自動對焦及縮放模組的內部彈簧元件的等角透視圖。Figure 6B is an isometric perspective view of an internal spring element of an autofocus and zoom module in an intermediate position in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第7A圖是一依據本發明一些實施例處於遠距位置之一自動對焦及縮放模組的內部彈簧元件的平面圖。Figure 7A is a plan view of an internal spring element of an autofocus and zoom module in a remote position in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第7B圖是一依據本發明一些實施例處於遠距位置之一自動對焦及縮放模組的內部彈簧元件的等角透視圖。Figure 7B is an isometric perspective view of an internal spring element of an autofocus and zoom module in a remote position in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第8A圖例示一依據本發明一些實施例處於一末端停止位置的自動對焦及縮放模組。Figure 8A illustrates an autofocus and zoom module in an end stop position in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第8B圖例示一依據本發明一些實施例處於一中間位置的自動對焦及縮放模組。Figure 8B illustrates an autofocus and zoom module in an intermediate position in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第8C圖例示一依據本發明一些實施例處於一遠距位置的自動對焦及縮放模組。Figure 8C illustrates an autofocus and zoom module in a remote position in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第9圖是一依據本發明一些實施例沿一自動對焦及縮放模組之光學軸線的平面圖。Figure 9 is a plan view of an optical axis along an autofocus and zoom module in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第10A圖是一依據本發明一些實施例之一致動器總成的平面圖。Figure 10A is a plan view of an actuator assembly in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第10B圖是一依據本發明一些實施例之一致動器總成的等角透視圖。Figure 10B is an isometric perspective view of an actuator assembly in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第10C圖是一依據本發明一些實施例之一致動器總成的等角透視圖。Figure 10C is an isometric perspective view of an actuator assembly in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第11A圖是一依據本發明一些實施例之一旋轉感測器的示意圖。Figure 11A is a schematic illustration of a rotary sensor in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第11B圖是一依據本發明一些實施例在感測期間發生之射束分散的示意圖。Figure 11B is a schematic illustration of beam dispersion occurring during sensing in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第11C圖是一依據本發明一些實施例在感測期間發生之射束分散的示意圖。Figure 11C is a schematic illustration of beam dispersion occurring during sensing in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第12A圖是一依據本發明一些實施例用以從一輻射發射器朝一偵測器反射輻射之直接成像方案的示意圖。Figure 12A is a schematic illustration of a direct imaging scheme for reflecting radiation from a radiation emitter toward a detector in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第12B圖是一依據本發明一些實施例用以使輻射準直於一偵測器之透鏡型成像方案的示意圖。Figure 12B is a schematic illustration of a lens-type imaging scheme for collimating radiation to a detector in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第12C圖是一依據本發明一些實施例用以防止〝溢出(bleed over)〞之針孔型成像方案的示意圖。Figure 12C is a schematic illustration of a pinhole type imaging scheme for preventing bleed over sputum in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第13A圖是一依據本發明一些實施例用以感測位置之一總成的分解等角透視圖。Figure 13A is an exploded isometric perspective view of one of the sensing positions in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第13B圖是一依據本發明一些實施例用以感測位置之一總成的分解等角透視圖。Figure 13B is an exploded isometric perspective view of an assembly for sensing a position in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第14A圖是一依據本發明一些實施例之一光學模組之一位置感測部分的詳細圖。Figure 14A is a detailed view of a position sensing portion of an optical module in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第14B圖是一依據本發明一些實施例之一光學模組之一位置感測部分的詳細圖。Figure 14B is a detailed view of a position sensing portion of an optical module in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

第15圖是一與本發明一些實施例一致之一感測標的與一感測器間之介面之一活動區的詳細圖。Figure 15 is a detailed view of one of the active areas of the interface between the sensor and the sensor, consistent with some embodiments of the present invention.

第16圖是一與本發明一些實施例一致由一感測標的產生之一信號的示意圖。Figure 16 is a schematic illustration of one of the signals generated by a sense target consistent with some embodiments of the present invention.

第17圖是一與本發明一些實施例一致之感測一位置之方法的流程圖。Figure 17 is a flow diagram of a method of sensing a position consistent with some embodiments of the present invention.

1．．．加固件1. . . Firmware

12．．．標的區12. . . Target area

14．．．影像感測器14. . . Image sensor

100．．．稜鏡100. . .稜鏡

110．．．預加載彈簧110. . . Preloaded spring

180．．．前預加載彈簧180. . . Front preload spring

310．．．硬擋止閂彈簧310. . . Hard stop spring

312．．．活動彈簧312. . . Moving spring

314．．．透鏡群介接表面314. . . Lens group interface surface

316．．．閂316. . . latch

318．．．樞軸孔318. . . Pivot hole

320．．．凸輪320. . . Cam

420．．．前導槽420. . . Leading channel

440．．．前透鏡群440. . . Front lens group

430．．．前筒身430. . . Front barrel

510．．．後導引套筒510. . . Rear guiding sleeve

520．．．後導槽520. . . Rear guide

530．．．後筒身530. . . Rear barrel

540．．．後透鏡540. . . Rear lens

580．．．彈簧驅動器580. . . Spring drive

300、360．．．導螺桿300, 360. . . Lead screw

601、602．．．導銷601, 602. . . Guide pin

1020、1030．．．致動器殼體1020, 1030. . . Actuator housing

Claims (28)

一種光學模組，其包括：a)一第一光學件群，其耦接於一第一導螺桿，使得該第一導螺桿之平移造成該第一光學件群沿平行於該第一導螺桿之一軸線的平移；b)一第一致動器，用以平移該第一導螺桿；c)一第一感測標的，其經建構用以許可該第一導螺桿之平移的偵測；d)一第二光學件群，其耦接於一第二導螺桿，使得該第二導螺桿之平移造成該第二光學件群沿平行於該第二導螺桿之一軸線的平移；e)一第二致動器，用以平移該第二導螺桿；f)一第二感測標的，其經建構用以許可該第二導螺桿之平移的偵測；及g)一影像感測器。 An optical module comprising: a) a first optical component group coupled to a first lead screw, such that translation of the first lead screw causes the first optical component group to be parallel to the first lead screw Translation of one of the axes; b) a first actuator for translating the first lead screw; c) a first sensing target configured to permit detection of translation of the first lead screw; d) a second optical member group coupled to a second lead screw such that translation of the second lead screw causes translation of the second optical member group along an axis parallel to the second lead screw; e) a second actuator for translating the second lead screw; f) a second sensing target configured to permit detection of translation of the second lead screw; and g) an image sensor . 如申請專利範圍第1項之光學模組，其中該第一光學件群和該第二光學件群經建構用以向該影像感測器提供一具有一焦點和一放大率之影像。 The optical module of claim 1, wherein the first optical component group and the second optical component group are configured to provide an image having a focus and a magnification to the image sensor. 如申請專利範圍第1項之光學模組，其中該影像感測器係從由下列所組成之群中選出：一互補金氧半導體(CMOS)及一電荷耦合元件(CCD)。 The optical module of claim 1, wherein the image sensor is selected from the group consisting of: a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and a charge coupled device (CCD). 如申請專利範圍第1項之光學模組，更包括一稜鏡元件，該稜鏡元件耦接於該第一光學件群，其中該稜鏡將一與該模組之一平面成一角度的一影像導往該第一 光學件群。 The optical module of claim 1, further comprising a cymbal component coupled to the first optical component group, wherein the cymbal is at an angle to a plane of the module Image leads to the first Optical component group. 如申請專利範圍第1項之光學模組，其中該第一感測標的經建構用以許可該第一光學件群沿該第一導螺桿之平移的測量。 The optical module of claim 1, wherein the first sensing target is configured to permit measurement of translation of the first optical member group along the first lead screw. 如申請專利範圍第5項之光學模組，其中該第一感測標的許可以70微米或更小之一解析度來測量該第一光學件群在至少10毫米之一範圍當中的平移。 The optical module of claim 5, wherein the first sensing target permits translation of the first optical member group in a range of at least 10 mm at a resolution of 70 microns or less. 如申請專利範圍第1項之光學模組，其中該第二感測標的經建構用以許可該第二光學件群之平移的測量。 The optical module of claim 1, wherein the second sensing target is configured to permit measurement of translation of the second optical component group. 如申請專利範圍第7項之光學模組，其中該第二感測標的許可以10微米或更小之一解析度來測量該第二光學件群在至少2毫米之一範圍當中的平移。 The optical module of claim 7, wherein the second sensing target permits translation of the second optical component group in a range of at least 2 millimeters at a resolution of 10 micrometers or less. 如申請專利範圍第1項之光學模組，其中平行於該第一導螺桿之該軸線及平行於該第二導螺桿之該軸線二者均平行於一第一導銷。 The optical module of claim 1, wherein the axis parallel to the first lead screw and the axis parallel to the second lead screw are both parallel to a first guide pin. 一種自動對焦及縮放模組，其包括：a)一殼體；b)一第一光學件總成，其包括：i)一第一導螺桿，其包含一有螺紋部分、一第一端及一第二端；ii)一第一光學件群，其耦接於該第一導螺桿之該第一端，使得該第一導螺桿之平移造成該第一光學件群沿該第一導螺桿之一軸線的平移；iii)一第一致動器模組，其包含一第一致動器，用以 平移該第一導螺桿有螺紋部分；及iv)一第一感測器件，其經建構用以偵測該第一導螺桿之旋轉；c)一第二光學件總成，其包括：i)一第二導螺桿，其包含一有螺紋部分、一第一端及一第二端；ii)一第二光學件群，其耦接於該第二導螺桿之第一端，使得該第二導螺桿之旋轉造成該第二光學件群沿該第二導螺桿之一軸線的平移；iii)一第二致動器模組，其包含一第二致動器，用以平移該第二導螺桿；及iv)第二感測器件，其經建構用以偵測該第二光學件群之平移；及d)一影像感測器。 An autofocus and zoom module comprising: a) a housing; b) a first optical component assembly comprising: i) a first lead screw comprising a threaded portion, a first end, and a second end; ii) a first optical member group coupled to the first end of the first lead screw, such that translation of the first lead screw causes the first optical member group to follow the first lead screw Translation of one of the axes; iii) a first actuator module including a first actuator for Translating the first lead screw with a threaded portion; and iv) a first sensing device configured to detect rotation of the first lead screw; c) a second optical member assembly comprising: i) a second lead screw comprising a threaded portion, a first end and a second end; ii) a second optical member group coupled to the first end of the second lead screw, such that the second Rotation of the lead screw causes translation of the second optics group along an axis of the second lead screw; iii) a second actuator module including a second actuator for translating the second guide a screw; and iv) a second sensing device configured to detect translation of the second optics group; and d) an image sensor. 如申請專利範圍第10項之自動對焦及縮放模組，其中該第一光學件群藉由一第一彈簧而耦接於該第一導螺桿之該第一端，該第一彈簧經建構用以將該第一光學件群偏動抵住該第一導螺桿之該第一端。 The autofocus and zoom module of claim 10, wherein the first optical component group is coupled to the first end of the first lead screw by a first spring, and the first spring is constructed The first optical member group is biased against the first end of the first lead screw. 如申請專利範圍第10項之自動對焦及縮放模組，其中該第二光學件群藉由一第二彈簧而耦接於該第二導螺桿之第一端，該第二彈簧經建構用以將該第二光學件群偏動抵住該第一導螺桿之第一端。 The autofocus and zoom module of claim 10, wherein the second optical component group is coupled to the first end of the second lead screw by a second spring, and the second spring is configured to The second optical member group is biased against the first end of the first lead screw. 如申請專利範圍第10項之自動對焦及縮放模組，其中該第一致動器和第二致動器至少其中之一是一圓柱形 振動致動器。 The autofocus and zoom module of claim 10, wherein at least one of the first actuator and the second actuator is a cylindrical shape Vibration actuator. 如申請專利範圍第10項之自動對焦及縮放模組，其中該第一致動器和第二致動器至少其中之一被一可撓聯結件束縛在一節點。 The autofocus and zoom module of claim 10, wherein at least one of the first actuator and the second actuator is bound to a node by a flexible coupling. 如申請專利範圍第10項之自動對焦及縮放模組，其中該第一光學件群和該第二光學件群經建構用以向該影像感測器提供一具有一焦點和一放大率之影像。 The autofocus and zoom module of claim 10, wherein the first optical component group and the second optical component group are configured to provide an image having a focus and a magnification to the image sensor. . 如申請專利範圍第10項之自動對焦及縮放模組，其中該影像感測器係從由下列所組成之群中選出：一互補金氧半導體(CMOS)及一電荷耦合元件(CCD)。 The autofocus and zoom module of claim 10, wherein the image sensor is selected from the group consisting of: a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and a charge coupled device (CCD). 如申請專利範圍第10項之自動對焦及縮放模組，其中該第一導螺桿軸線的軸線及該第二導螺桿軸線的軸線二者均平行於一第一導銷。 The autofocus and zoom module of claim 10, wherein the axis of the first lead screw axis and the axis of the second lead screw axis are both parallel to a first guide pin. 一種自動對焦及縮放模組，其包括：a)一第一導銷；b)一第二導銷；c)一第一光學件總成，其包括：i)一第一導螺桿，其包含一有螺紋部分、一第一端及一第二端；ii)一第一光學件群，其耦接於該第一導銷和該第二導銷且包含一傳動標的及一第一彈簧介面特徵；iii)一第一彈簧，其耦接於該第一彈簧介面特徵且經建構用以將該第一光學件群之傳動標的推抵於該第一導螺桿之第一端； iv)一第一致動器模組，其包含一第一致動器，用以平移該第一導螺桿；及v)一第一感測器件，其經建構用以偵測該第一導螺桿之旋轉；d)一第二光學件總成，其包括：i)一第二導螺桿，其包含一有螺紋部分、一第一端及一第二端；ii)一第二光學件群，其耦接於該第一導銷和該第二導銷且包含一傳動標的及一第二彈簧介面特徵；iii)一第二彈簧，其耦接於該第二彈簧介面特徵且經建構用以將該第二光學件群之傳動標的推抵於該第二導螺桿之第一端；iv)一第二致動器模組，其包含一第二致動器，用以平移該第二導螺桿；及v)第二感測器件，其經建構用以偵測該第二光學件群之平移；及e)一影像感測器。 An autofocus and zoom module comprising: a) a first guide pin; b) a second guide pin; c) a first optics assembly comprising: i) a first lead screw, comprising a threaded portion, a first end and a second end; ii) a first optical member group coupled to the first guide pin and the second guide pin and including a drive target and a first spring interface a first spring coupled to the first spring interface feature and configured to push the first optical member of the first optical member to the first end of the first lead screw; Iv) a first actuator module comprising a first actuator for translating the first lead screw; and v) a first sensing device configured to detect the first lead a rotation of the screw; d) a second optical component assembly comprising: i) a second lead screw comprising a threaded portion, a first end and a second end; ii) a second optical member group The second guide pin and the second guide pin are coupled to the first guide pin and the second guide pin, and include a second spring interface coupled to the second spring interface feature and configured Pushing the drive target of the second optical component group against the first end of the second lead screw; iv) a second actuator module including a second actuator for translating the second a lead screw; and v) a second sensing device configured to detect translation of the second optics group; and e) an image sensor. 如申請專利範圍第18項之自動對焦及縮放模組，其中該第一光學件群和該第二光學件群經建構用以向該影像感測器提供一具有一焦點和一放大率之影像。 The autofocus and zoom module of claim 18, wherein the first optical component group and the second optical component group are configured to provide an image having a focus and a magnification to the image sensor. . 如申請專利範圍第18項之自動對焦及縮放模組，其中該影像感測器係從由下列所組成之群中選出：一互補金氧半導體(CMOS)及一電荷耦合元件(CCD)。 The autofocus and zoom module of claim 18, wherein the image sensor is selected from the group consisting of: a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and a charge coupled device (CCD). 一種自動對焦及縮放模組，其包括： a)一殼體；b)一光學件總成，其包括：i)一導螺桿，其包含一有螺紋部分、一第一端及一第二端；ii)一光學件群，其耦接於該導螺桿，使得該導螺桿之平移造成該光學件群沿平行於該導螺桿之一軸線的平移；iii)一振動致動器，其係依一駐波圖案振盪以驅使一置於其內之螺紋軸轉動，從而使該螺紋軸平移，該振動致動器耦接於該導螺桿之有螺紋部分且藉由一可撓聯結件在其駐波圖案之一節點束縛於該殼體；及iv)一感測器件，其經建構用以偵測該導螺桿之旋轉；及c)一影像感測器，其中該光學件群經建構用以向該影像感測器提供一具有一焦點和一放大率之影像。 An autofocus and zoom module comprising: a) a housing; b) an optical component assembly comprising: i) a lead screw comprising a threaded portion, a first end and a second end; ii) an optical member group coupled The lead screw is such that translation of the lead screw causes translation of the optical member group along an axis parallel to one of the lead screws; iii) a vibration actuator that oscillates in a standing wave pattern to drive one of them The threaded shaft rotates to translate the threaded shaft, the vibration actuator is coupled to the threaded portion of the lead screw and is bound to the housing at one of its standing wave patterns by a flexible coupling member; And iv) a sensing device configured to detect rotation of the lead screw; and c) an image sensor, wherein the optical member group is configured to provide a focus to the image sensor And an image of magnification. 一種致動器模組，其包括：a)一振動致動器，其係依一駐波圖案振盪以驅使一置於其內之螺紋軸轉動，從而使該螺紋軸平移；b)一導螺桿，其包括一有螺紋部分、一第一端及一第二端，該有螺紋部分耦接於該振動致動器；c)一致動器殼體，其內有一致動器保持區；及d)一可撓聯結結構，其在該駐波圖案之一節點耦接於該振動致動器，並且耦接於該致動器殼體。 An actuator module comprising: a) a vibration actuator oscillating in a standing wave pattern to drive a threaded shaft disposed therein to rotate the threaded shaft; b) a lead screw The utility model comprises a threaded portion, a first end and a second end, the threaded portion being coupled to the vibration actuator; c) an actuator housing having an actuator retaining region therein; and d a flexible coupling structure coupled to the vibration actuator at one of the standing wave patterns and coupled to the actuator housing. 如申請專利範圍第22項之致動器模組，其中該致動器 保持區是一個五面隔室，在一面上有一開口，該開口經訂定大小以配合一包容該振動致動器之平行六面體，使得該振動致動器之一表面與該開口平行。 An actuator module according to claim 22, wherein the actuator The retaining zone is a five-sided compartment having an opening on one side that is sized to fit a parallelepiped that houses the vibrating actuator such that one surface of the vibrating actuator is parallel to the opening. 一種在由沿一軸線所正交設置之螺紋沿該軸線帶動的一主體上施行一硬擋止之方法，其包括：a)使一特徵耦接於該主體以形成一具有相對於該軸線為一不對稱之區域的總成；b)利用一致動器藉由該等螺紋帶動該主體；c)使一可動元件耦接於一相對於該致動器為固定的點，其中該可動元件具有一閂特徵，該閂特徵經建構用以與該不對稱區域匹配；及d)將該可動元件設置在一位置，該位置使該閂特徵與該不對稱區域匹配且阻止該主體旋轉。 A method of applying a hard stop on a body carried by a thread disposed orthogonally along an axis along the axis, the method comprising: a) coupling a feature to the body to form a relative to the axis An assembly of an asymmetrical region; b) utilizing the actuator to drive the body by the threads; c) coupling a movable element to a fixed point relative to the actuator, wherein the movable element has a latch feature configured to match the asymmetric region; and d) positioning the movable member in a position that matches the latch feature to the asymmetric region and prevents the body from rotating. 如申請專利範圍第24項之方法，其中設置該可動元件之該步驟部份地係以藉由驅使該主體抵住該可動元件而移動該可動元件的方式進行。 The method of claim 24, wherein the step of disposing the movable element is performed in part by moving the movable element by driving the body against the movable element. 如申請專利範圍第24項之方法，其中耦接於該主體之該特徵係一凸輪。 The method of claim 24, wherein the feature coupled to the body is a cam. 一種用於實施一硬擋止之裝置，該裝置利用正交於一軸線設置之多個螺紋而沿該軸線帶動，該裝置包括：一特徵，其耦接於該裝置以形成具有相對於該軸線為一不對稱之區域的一總成；一致動器，用於藉由該多個螺紋帶動該裝置；一可動元件，耦接於一相對於該致動器為固定的點， 其中該可動元件具有一閂特徵，該閂特徵經配置用以與該不對稱區域匹配，其中該可動元件設置在一位置，該位置使該閂特徵與該不對稱區域匹配且阻止該裝置旋轉。 A device for implementing a hard stop, the device being driven along the axis by a plurality of threads disposed orthogonally to an axis, the device comprising: a feature coupled to the device to form with respect to the axis An assembly of an asymmetrical region; an actuator for driving the device by the plurality of threads; a movable member coupled to a fixed point relative to the actuator, Wherein the movable element has a latch feature configured to match the asymmetric region, wherein the movable member is disposed in a position that matches the latch feature to the asymmetric region and prevents rotation of the device. 如申請專利範圍第27項之裝置，其中耦接於該裝置之該特徵係一凸輪。The device of claim 27, wherein the feature coupled to the device is a cam.