TWI476387B - Automatic monitoring system and its method for the initial defect of a mechanical system - Google Patents
Automatic monitoring system and its method for the initial defect of a mechanical system Download PDFInfo
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本發明係有關於一種機械初始損壞之自動監測系統及監測方法，尤其是指一種能以量化指標方式呈現監測之結果，方便應用於生產線上之即時監測，尤其可應用於高溫、高噪音之工作環境，可藉由送出損壞警示訊息至遠端，以供檢測、維護機械系統人員參考，且體積輕巧、方便攜帶，並於製作成本上更為低廉，而在其整體施行使用上更增實用功效特性之機械初始損壞之自動監測系統及監測方法創新設計者。The invention relates to an automatic monitoring system and a monitoring method for mechanical initial damage, in particular to a monitoring result which can be presented by quantitative indicators, and is convenient for real-time monitoring on a production line, especially for high temperature and high noise work. The environment can be sent to the remote end for damage detection, for reference by the mechanical system personnel, and is light in size, convenient to carry, and cheaper in production cost, and more practical in its overall implementation. Innovative designer of automatic monitoring systems and monitoring methods for mechanical initial damage of characteristics.
按，由於產業之自動化生產可以達到節省人力成本、提高生產速度以及品質水準，而在產業機械系統中廣泛使用的軸承、齒輪等損耗性零件，這些機械零件通常都處在高轉速、長工時的工作環境下運轉，其系統零件的維護通常是以定期維修或是等到故障發生後才進行維修，但如果等到故障發生後才進行維修，除了會導致生產線停擺外，同常會導致機械系統更嚴重的損壞，甚至會危及到工作人員的安全，因此如何線上自動監測機械系統之損壞，對自動化機械系統日益重要。According to the automatic production of the industry, it can save labor costs, increase production speed and quality level, and wear parts such as bearings and gears widely used in industrial machinery systems. These mechanical parts are usually at high speed and long working hours. In the working environment, the maintenance of the system parts is usually carried out after regular maintenance or after the failure occurs. However, if the repair is not completed after the failure occurs, the production line will be shut down, which will cause the mechanical system to be more serious. The damage can even endanger the safety of the workers, so how to automatically monitor the damage of the mechanical system on the line is increasingly important for automated mechanical systems.
損壞監測的主要目的，在於確保機械系統之運作安全，因此許多軸承損壞診斷的方法陸續被研究探討，其中包括：頻域分析方法、時域分析方法與統計方法。The main purpose of damage monitoring is to ensure the safety of the mechanical system. Therefore, many methods for bearing damage diagnosis have been studied, including: frequency domain analysis methods, time domain analysis methods and statistical methods.
在頻域分析方法中，高頻解調分析法則是最常被採用、較 精確的監測方法，高頻解調分析法的主要目的，在於將調變的振動訊號予以解調變以獲得其包絡訊號；在作法上，將振動訊號經帶通濾波器，以擷取出單一模態之振動訊號，再將帶通濾波後的訊號藉由包絡分析過程，以獲得此單一模態的包絡訊號，最後，則可依據軸承損壞之特徵頻率，對照檢視包絡頻譜發生諧波之頻率，藉以判斷軸承之損壞型式；然而以上判斷軸承損壞之過程，通常須由專業人員進行量測判讀，因此在實際應用上將造成相當的人事成本，尤其在高溫、高噪音的作業環境下，更造成專業人員在進行機械損壞診斷上的困難度增加。In the frequency domain analysis method, the high frequency demodulation analysis method is the most commonly used and compared. The precise monitoring method, the main purpose of the high-frequency demodulation analysis method is to demodulate the modulated vibration signal to obtain its envelope signal; in practice, the vibration signal is passed through a band-pass filter to extract a single mode. The vibration signal of the state, and then the signal filtered by the band pass is subjected to an envelope analysis process to obtain the envelope signal of the single mode, and finally, the frequency of the harmonic generated by the envelope spectrum can be checked according to the characteristic frequency of the bearing damage. In order to judge the damage type of the bearing; however, the above process of judging the bearing damage usually has to be measured by a professional, so it will cause considerable personnel costs in practical applications, especially in high temperature and high noise working environments. Professionals have an increased difficulty in making mechanical damage diagnostics.
另一方面，時域分析法與統計方法則主要是運用在獲得軸承診斷的量化指標，具備方便、快速判讀的優點。時域方法是在分析偵測振動訊號的損壞敲擊脈衝，通常以均方根值〔Root-Mean-Square value〕或峰值因數〔crest factor〕變大時，則表示軸承的損壞發生；而機率峰度分析法〔kurtosis analysis〕則是提供振動訊號的振幅機率分布，藉以來診斷軸承的初始損壞。然而，時域分析方法與統計方法的有效性，則會受軸承轉速與損壞型式的影響；在研究文獻明確指出，在軸承轉速高於1500rpm時，機率峰度分析法與峰值因數則會逐漸難以正確判斷軸承損壞，尤其對於外環損壞的情況更是完全無法判斷，因此，造成時域分析方法與統計方法，在實際運用上，對其損壞診斷之準確度產生質疑。On the other hand, time domain analysis and statistical methods are mainly used to obtain quantitative indicators of bearing diagnosis, which has the advantages of convenient and rapid interpretation. The time domain method is to analyze the damage tapping pulse that detects the vibration signal, usually when the root-root value (Root-Mean-Square value) or the crest factor is increased, indicating that the bearing damage occurs; and the probability The kurtosis analysis is to provide the amplitude probability distribution of the vibration signal, and to diagnose the initial damage of the bearing. However, the effectiveness of time domain analysis methods and statistical methods will be affected by the bearing speed and damage type; it is clearly pointed out in the research literature that the probability kurtosis analysis and crest factor will become more difficult when the bearing speed is higher than 1500 rpm. Correct judgment of bearing damage, especially for the damage of the outer ring, is completely impossible to judge. Therefore, the time domain analysis method and statistical method are used, and the accuracy of the damage diagnosis is questioned in practical application.
緣是，發明人秉持多年該相關行業之豐富設計開發及實際製作經驗，針對現有之結構再予以研究改良，提供一種機械初始損壞之自動監測系統及監測方法，以期達到更佳實用價值性之目的者。The reason is that the inventor has been rich in design and development and practical production experience of the relevant industry for many years, and has researched and improved the existing structure to provide an automatic monitoring system and monitoring method for initial mechanical damage, in order to achieve better practical value. By.
本發明之主要目的在於提供一種機械初始損壞之自動監測系統及監測方法，其係以量化指標方式呈現監測之結果，方便應用於生產線上之即時監測〔real-time monitoring〕，尤其可應用於高溫、高噪音之工作環境，可藉由送出損壞警示訊息至遠端，以供檢測、維護機械系統人員參考，且體積輕巧、方便攜帶，並於製作成本上更為低廉，而在其整體施行使用上更增實用功效特性者。The main object of the present invention is to provide an automatic monitoring system and a monitoring method for mechanical initial damage, which are presented as monitoring results by means of quantitative indicators, and are conveniently applied to real-time monitoring on a production line, especially for high temperature. The high-noise working environment can be used for inspection and maintenance of mechanical system personnel by sending a warning message to the remote end, which is light in weight, convenient to carry, and cheaper in production cost, and is used in its overall operation. More practical and effective features.
本發明機械初始損壞之自動監測系統之主要目的與功效，係由以下具體技術手段所達成：其主要係包括有加速規、解調分析電路、處理單元及輸出單元；其中：該加速規，其係用來量測振動訊號；該解調分析電路，其與加速規相連接，於解調分析電路分別設有高頻帶通濾波器及低頻帶通濾波器，該高頻帶通濾波器及低頻帶通濾波器皆與處理單元連接，以能利用處理單元控制選擇帶通模態，而擷取振動訊號之單一振動模態，於高頻帶通濾波器及低頻帶通濾波器皆分別連接有全波整流器，再於全波 整流器皆分別連接有低通濾波器，以進行包絡分析過程而獲得包絡訊號，並令低通濾波器予以連接至處理單元，以將獲得之包絡訊號傳輸至處理單元；該處理單元，其與解調分析電路之高、低頻帶通濾波器連接，能控制選擇高、低頻帶通濾波器之帶通模態，且與解調分析電路之低通濾波器連接，能接收低通濾波器傳輸之包絡訊號進行處理；該輸出單元，其與處理單元相連接，以能將處理單元所分析計算之結果予以顯示。The main purpose and effect of the automatic monitoring system for initial damage of the machine of the present invention are achieved by the following specific technical means: the main system includes an acceleration gauge, a demodulation analysis circuit, a processing unit and an output unit; wherein: the acceleration gauge The method is for measuring a vibration signal; the demodulation analysis circuit is connected to an acceleration gauge, and the demodulation analysis circuit is respectively provided with a high-frequency band pass filter and a low-frequency band pass filter, the high-frequency band pass filter and the low frequency band The pass filter is connected to the processing unit, so that the processing unit can be used to control the selected band pass mode, and the single vibration mode of the vibration signal is extracted, and the high frequency band pass filter and the low band pass filter are respectively connected with the full wave. Rectifier, then full wave The rectifiers are respectively connected with a low-pass filter for performing an envelope analysis process to obtain an envelope signal, and the low-pass filter is connected to the processing unit to transmit the obtained envelope signal to the processing unit; the processing unit, and the solution The high- and low-frequency-pass filter connection of the analysis circuit can control the band-pass mode of the high- and low-band-pass filter, and is connected to the low-pass filter of the demodulation analysis circuit, and can receive the low-pass filter transmission. The envelope signal is processed; the output unit is coupled to the processing unit to display the result of the analysis calculated by the processing unit.
本發明機械初始損壞之自動監測系統的較佳實施例，其中，該輸出單元於處理單元分析計算出異常狀態時發出警示訊息。A preferred embodiment of the automatic monitoring system for initial damage of the machine of the present invention, wherein the output unit issues a warning message when the processing unit analyzes and calculates an abnormal state.
本發明機械初始損壞之自動監測方法之主要目的與功效，係由以下具體技術手段所達成：其主要係利用加速規來量測振動訊號，令加速規將所量測到之振動訊號傳輸至解調分析電路，利用處理單元控制選擇解調分析電路之高、低頻帶通濾波器的帶通模態，而擷取振動訊號之單一振動模態，且經由高、低頻帶通濾波器所連接的全波整流器進行整流及全波整流器所連接的低通濾波器進行濾波，以進行包絡分析過程而獲得包絡訊號，將獲得之包絡訊號傳輸至處理單元以進行初始損壞診斷指標之分析計算，並將分析後的數值經輸出單元進行顯示。The main purpose and effect of the automatic monitoring method for initial damage of the machine of the present invention are achieved by the following specific technical means: the main purpose is to measure the vibration signal by using an acceleration gauge, so that the acceleration gauge transmits the measured vibration signal to the solution. The analysis circuit controls the band pass mode of the high and low band pass filters of the demodulation analysis circuit by using the processing unit, and extracts a single vibration mode of the vibration signal and is connected via the high and low frequency band pass filters. The full-wave rectifier performs rectification and filtering the low-pass filter connected to the full-wave rectifier to perform an envelope analysis process to obtain an envelope signal, and transmits the obtained envelope signal to the processing unit for analysis and calculation of the initial damage diagnostic indicator, and The analyzed values are displayed by the output unit.
本發明機械初始損壞之自動監測方法的較佳實施例，其中，該輸出單元於處理單元分析計算出的數值有異常時，能予以發出警示訊息通知相關人員進行後續處理。A preferred embodiment of the automatic monitoring method for initial damage of the machine of the present invention, wherein the output unit can issue a warning message to the relevant personnel for subsequent processing when the processing unit analyzes that the calculated value is abnormal.
為令本發明所運用之技術內容、發明目的及其達成之功效有更完整且清楚的揭露，茲於下詳細說明之，並請一併參閱所揭之圖式及圖號：For a more complete and clear disclosure of the technical content, the purpose of the invention and the effects thereof achieved by the present invention, it is explained in detail below, and please refer to the drawings and drawings:
首先，請參閱第一圖本發明之結構方塊示意圖所示，本發明係以量測軸承之振動訊號為實施方式進行說明，其主要係包括有加速規(1)、解調分析電路(2)、處理單元(3)及輸出單元(4)；其中：First, please refer to the first figure, which is shown in the block diagram of the present invention. The invention is described by taking the vibration signal of the bearing as an embodiment, which mainly includes an acceleration gauge (1) and a demodulation analysis circuit (2). , processing unit (3) and output unit (4); wherein:
該加速規(1)，其係用來量測軸承之振動訊號，而由於機械系統結構特性具相當穩定之振動模態，在機械系統的運轉過程中，無論正常軸承、損壞軸承、轉速高低，均具有相近之模態共振頻率，使得對於軸承損壞振動訊號，其頻譜完全無法用以分析軸承損壞。The accelerometer (1) is used to measure the vibration signal of the bearing, and the mechanical system has a fairly stable vibration mode. During the operation of the mechanical system, regardless of the normal bearing, the damaged bearing, and the rotational speed, They all have similar modal resonance frequencies, so that the spectrum of the vibration signal is not completely analyzed for bearing damage.
該解調分析電路(2)，其與加速規(1)相連接，於解調分析電路(2)分別設有高頻帶通濾波器(21)及低頻帶通濾波器(22)，該高頻帶通濾波器(21)及低頻帶通濾波器(22)皆與處理單元(3)連接，以能利用處理單元(3)控制選擇帶通模態，而擷取振動訊號之單一振動模態，於高頻帶通濾波器(21)及低頻帶通濾波器(22)皆分別連接有 全波整流器(211)、(221)，再於全波整流器(211)、(221)皆分別連接有低通濾波器(212)、(222)，以進行包絡分析過程而獲得包絡訊號，並令低通濾波器(212)、(222)予以連接至處理單元(3)，以將獲得之包絡訊號傳輸至處理單元(3)。The demodulation analysis circuit (2) is connected to the acceleration gauge (1), and the demodulation analysis circuit (2) is provided with a high-frequency band pass filter (21) and a low-frequency band pass filter (22), respectively. The band pass filter (21) and the low band pass filter (22) are both connected to the processing unit (3), so that the processing unit (3) can be used to control the selected band pass mode, and the single vibration mode of the vibration signal is extracted. The high-frequency band pass filter (21) and the low-frequency band pass filter (22) are respectively connected The full-wave rectifiers (211) and (221), and the full-wave rectifiers (211) and (221) are respectively connected with low-pass filters (212) and (222) for performing an envelope analysis process to obtain an envelope signal, and The low pass filters (212), (222) are coupled to the processing unit (3) to transmit the obtained envelope signals to the processing unit (3).
該處理單元(3)，其與解調分析電路(2)之高、低頻帶通濾波器(21)、(22)連接，能控制選擇高、低頻帶通濾波器(21)、(22)之帶通模態，且與解調分析電路(2)之低通濾波器(212)、(222)連接，能接收低通濾波器(212)、(222)傳輸之包絡訊號進行處理；而由機械損壞敲擊之振動模態分析，可發現其損壞敲擊將會激發機械系統多個模態共振，而其模態間之包絡訊號具有相當高之相關性，請一併參閱附件一本發明在不同軸承運作狀況下之模態間包絡訊號的相關係數值表(一)所示，因此可經由計算獲得較高的相關係數〔Correlation coefficient〕，反之，對於正常軸承之模態間包絡訊號則呈現常態分布之雜訊形式，具有相當低之相關性，因此經由計算可獲得較低的相關係數〔Correlation coefficient〕；相關係數〔Correlation coefficient〕之求取如下式：
該輸出單元(4)，其與處理單元(3)相連接，以能將處理單元(3)所分析計算之結果予以顯示，及於處理單元(3)分析計算出異常狀態時發出警示訊息通知相關人員進行後續處理。The output unit (4) is connected to the processing unit (3) to display the result of the analysis calculated by the processing unit (3), and to issue a warning message when the processing unit (3) analyzes and calculates the abnormal state. Relevant personnel for subsequent processing.
如此一來，使得本發明於施行操作上，以量測軸承之振動訊號為實施方式進行說明，其係先利用加速規(1)來量測軸承之振動訊號，於當軸承發生損壞情況時，加速規(1)能量測到損壞之模態共振訊號〔請一併參閱第二圖軸承損壞訊號之時域特性圖及第三圖軸承損壞訊號之頻域特性圖所示〕，令加速規(1)將所量測到的軸承之振動訊號傳輸至解調分析電路(2)，利用處理單元(3)控制選擇解調分析電路(2)之高、低頻帶通濾波器(21)、(22)的帶通模態，而擷取振動訊號之單一振動模態〔請一併參閱第四圖軸承損壞訊號經帶通濾波後之時域特性圖及第五圖軸承損壞訊號經帶通濾波後 之頻域特性圖所示〕，且經由全波整流器(211)、(221)之整流及低通濾波器(212)、(222)之濾波以進行包絡分析過程而獲得包絡訊號〔請一併參閱第六圖軸承損壞訊號經包絡分析所獲得包絡訊號之時域特性圖及第七圖軸承損壞訊號經經包絡分析所獲得包絡訊號之頻域特性圖所示〕，將獲得之包絡訊號傳輸至處理單元(3)以進行軸承初始損壞診斷指標之分析計算，並將分析後的數值經輸出單元(4)進行顯示，及於分析計算出的數值有異常時，亦能經輸出單元(4)發出警示訊息通知相關人員進行後續處理。In this way, the present invention is described in the operation of measuring the vibration signal of the bearing as an embodiment. The acceleration gauge (1) is first used to measure the vibration signal of the bearing, when the bearing is damaged. Acceleration gauge (1) energy detected damage modal resonance signal (please refer to the time domain characteristic diagram of the bearing damage signal of the second figure and the frequency domain characteristic diagram of the bearing damage signal of the third figure) (1) transmitting the measured vibration signal of the bearing to the demodulation analysis circuit (2), and controlling the high and low frequency band pass filter (21) of the demodulation analysis circuit (2) by using the processing unit (3), (22) The bandpass mode, and the single vibration mode of the vibration signal is taken [please refer to the time domain characteristic diagram of the bearing damage signal after bandpass filtering in the fourth figure and the bearing loss signal of the fifth figure through the bandpass. After filtering The frequency domain characteristic diagram is shown], and the envelope signal is obtained by filtering the full-wave rectifiers (211) and (221) and the low-pass filters (212) and (222) to obtain an envelope signal. Refer to the time-domain characteristic diagram of the envelope signal obtained by the envelope analysis in the sixth figure bearing damage analysis and the frequency domain characteristic diagram of the envelope signal obtained by the envelope analysis in the seventh figure. The envelope signal obtained is transmitted to the envelope signal. The processing unit (3) performs analysis and calculation of the initial damage diagnosis index of the bearing, and displays the analyzed value through the output unit (4), and can also pass through the output unit when the calculated value is abnormal. A warning message is sent to inform the relevant personnel for follow-up processing.
而將本發明進行實際驗證測試可以得知，當損壞軸承在1000、2000rpm轉速下，請一併參閱第八圖損壞軸承在1000rpm轉速下之振動頻譜圖及第九圖損壞軸承在2000rpm轉速下之振動頻譜圖所示，可發現在不同轉速下損壞軸承振動訊號具有相似振動模態，因此選定第1、2、3模態之中心頻率分別為2.9、4、5kHz，且頻寬約為2kHz，進行頻帶設定，並進行模態間包絡訊號之相關係數值影響分析。由模態間包絡訊號之相關係數值可發現〔請參閱附件二本發明在不同軸承運作狀況下之模態間包絡訊號的相關係數值表(二)所示〕，在不同轉速下之相關係數，相鄰第1、2頻帶的值會較第1、3頻帶的值稍大，其主要原因乃是由於相鄰頻帶之帶通濾波間有較多重疊，因而相關性亦隨之稍增。According to the actual verification test of the present invention, it can be known that when the damaged bearing is at 1000, 2000 rpm, please refer to the vibration spectrum diagram of the damaged bearing at 1000 rpm and the ninth figure of the damaged bearing at 2000 rpm. As shown in the vibration spectrum diagram, it can be found that the vibration signal of the damaged bearing has different vibration modes at different speeds. Therefore, the center frequencies of the first, second, and third modes are selected to be 2.9, 4, and 5 kHz, respectively, and the bandwidth is about 2 kHz. The frequency band setting is performed, and the correlation coefficient value influence analysis of the inter-modal envelope signal is performed. The value of the correlation coefficient of the inter-mode envelope signal can be found (please refer to Annex 2 for the correlation coefficient value of the inter-mode envelope signal under different bearing operating conditions (2)), the correlation coefficient at different speeds. The values of the adjacent first and second frequency bands are slightly larger than the values of the first and third frequency bands. The main reason is that there is a large overlap between the band pass filters of adjacent frequency bands, and the correlation is also slightly increased.
另，請一併參閱第十圖正常軸承在1000rpm轉速下之振動頻譜圖及第十一圖正常軸承在2000rpm轉速下之振動頻譜圖所示，可發現在不同轉速下，正常軸承振動訊號具有與損壞軸承相似之振動模態；因此，即使是正常軸承的監測分析，亦可選定與損壞軸承相同之模態設定，所以對解調分析電路(2)之高頻帶通濾波器(21)及低頻帶通濾波器(22)的中心頻率之設定可選擇與損壞軸承相同之參數設定，藉此可簡化對模態間包絡訊號之相關係數值影響分析。由模態間包絡訊號之相關係數值可發現〔請參閱附件二本發明在不同軸承運作狀況下之模態間包絡訊號的相關係數值表(二)所示〕，在不同轉速下正常軸承之相關係數值，相鄰的第1、2頻帶亦會較第1、3頻帶稍大；因此可驗證其主要原因是由於相鄰頻帶之帶通濾波間有較多重疊，因而相關性亦隨之稍增。In addition, please refer to the vibration spectrum diagram of the normal bearing at 1000 rpm and the vibration spectrum of the normal bearing at 2000 rpm. It can be found that the normal bearing vibration signal has different speeds at different speeds. Damage to the bearing's similar vibration mode; therefore, even for normal bearing monitoring and analysis, the same modal setting as the damaged bearing can be selected, so the high-frequency band pass filter (21) and low for the demodulation analysis circuit (2) The setting of the center frequency of the band pass filter (22) can select the same parameter setting as the damaged bearing, thereby simplifying the analysis of the influence of the correlation coefficient value of the inter-mode envelope signal. The value of the correlation coefficient of the inter-mode envelope signal can be found (please refer to Annex II for the correlation coefficient value of the inter-mode envelope signal under different bearing operating conditions (2)), and the normal bearing at different speeds Correlation coefficient values, the adjacent first and second frequency bands are also slightly larger than the first and third frequency bands; therefore, the main reason for verification is that there is more overlap between the band pass filters of adjacent frequency bands, so the correlation is also followed. Slightly increased.
由上述結果證實，由於機械系統的振動模態取決於機械結構，當機械結構不變的前提下，其振動模態亦不會改變；因此在實際應用上，無論正常或損壞軸承振動所激發之結構模態亦相近，可在此診斷系統設定之初，以頻譜分析儀量測一次即可用以決定選取之兩模態。選用第1、3模態間包絡訊號之相關係數值，做為診斷軸承初始損壞之量化指標，當軸承轉速由1000rpm遞增至2000rpm時，其模態間包絡訊號之相關係數值會由0.735略上升至0.841，即使在低轉速500rpm下，其相關係數值亦達0.5以上；相對於正 常軸承在相同操作條件下，其模態間包絡訊號之相關係數值則會由0.026〔轉速1000rpm下〕略上升至0.082〔轉速2000rpm下〕；因此，可設定模態間包絡訊號之相關係數值0.3做為軸承發生初始損壞的臨界值。此外，亦可在變轉速情況下，進行兩模態包絡訊號間之相關係數分析，故可應用於機械系統操作條件為變轉速之軸承初始損壞診斷，更可突顯方便性與有效性。It is confirmed by the above results that since the vibration mode of the mechanical system depends on the mechanical structure, the vibration mode does not change under the premise that the mechanical structure is unchanged; therefore, in practical applications, the vibration of the normal or damaged bearing is excited. The structural modes are similar, and can be used to determine the two modes selected by the spectrum analyzer at the beginning of the diagnostic system setting. The correlation coefficient value of the first and third modes of the envelope signal is selected as the quantitative index for diagnosing the initial damage of the bearing. When the bearing speed is increased from 1000 rpm to 2000 rpm, the correlation coefficient of the inter-mode envelope signal will rise slightly from 0.735. To 0.841, even at a low speed of 500 rpm, the correlation coefficient value is above 0.5; Under the same operating conditions, the correlation coefficient of the inter-mode envelope signal will be slightly increased from 0.026 [speed 1000 rpm] to 0.082 [speed 2000 rpm]; therefore, the correlation coefficient value of the inter-mode envelope signal can be set. 0.3 is used as the critical value for the initial damage of the bearing. In addition, the correlation coefficient analysis between the two-mode envelope signals can be performed under the condition of variable speed, so it can be applied to the initial damage diagnosis of the bearing whose mechanical system operating condition is variable speed, and the convenience and effectiveness can be highlighted.
而本發明於上述實施說明僅係利用量測軸承之振動訊號為實施方式進行說明，本發明亦能應用於機械系統上之各機械零件的振動訊號量測，以進行損壞情況之自動監測。While the above description of the present invention is merely an embodiment of the vibration signal of the measuring bearing, the present invention can also be applied to the vibration signal measurement of each mechanical part on the mechanical system for automatic monitoring of the damage.
藉由以上所述，本發明結構之組成與使用實施說明可知，本發明與現有結構相較之下，本發明主要係具有下列優點：From the above, the composition and use of the structure of the present invention show that the present invention has the following advantages in comparison with the existing structure:
1.本發明以量化指標方式呈現監測之結果，方便應用於生產線上之即時監測〔real-time monitoring〕，尤其可應用於高溫、高噪音之工作環境，可藉由送出損壞警示訊息至遠端，以供檢測、維護機械系統人員參考。1. The invention presents the monitoring result by means of quantitative indicators, and is convenient for real-time monitoring on the production line, especially for high temperature and high noise working environment, and can send a damage warning message to the remote end. For the inspection and maintenance of mechanical system personnel reference.
2.本發明可應用於定轉速或非定轉速之軸承系統診斷。2. The invention can be applied to the diagnosis of bearing systems with fixed or non-fixed speeds.
3.本發明整體系統之體積輕巧，方便做為可攜式診斷設備，並且簡易顯示診斷數值與診斷結果，方便使用者判讀診斷結果。3. The overall system of the invention is light in size, convenient as a portable diagnostic device, and simple to display diagnostic values and diagnostic results, so that the user can interpret the diagnosis result.
4.本發明之硬體設備費用低，遠低於採用解調頻譜分析法所 需之頻譜分析儀。4. The hardware device of the present invention has a low cost, which is much lower than that of the demodulation spectrum analysis method. A spectrum analyzer is required.
然而前述之實施例或圖式並非限定本發明之產品結構或使用方式，任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者之適當變化或修飾，皆應視為不脫離本發明之專利範疇。However, the above-described embodiments or drawings are not intended to limit the structure or the use of the present invention, and any suitable variations or modifications of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
綜上所述，本發明實施例確能達到所預期之使用功效，又其所揭露之具體構造，不僅未曾見諸於同類產品中，亦未曾公開於申請前，誠已完全符合專利法之規定與要求，爰依法提出發明專利之申請，懇請惠予審查，並賜准專利，則實感德便。In summary, the embodiments of the present invention can achieve the expected use efficiency, and the specific structure disclosed therein has not been seen in similar products, nor has it been disclosed before the application, and has completely complied with the provisions of the Patent Law. And the request, the application for the invention of a patent in accordance with the law, please forgive the review, and grant the patent, it is really sensible.
(1)‧‧‧加速規(1) ‧ ‧ Acceleration regulations
(2)‧‧‧解調分析電路(2) ‧‧‧Demodulation analysis circuit
(21)‧‧‧高頻帶通濾波器(21)‧‧‧High-frequency pass filter
(211)‧‧‧全波整流器(211)‧‧‧Full-wave rectifier
(212)‧‧‧低通濾波器(212)‧‧‧Low-pass filter
(22)‧‧‧低頻帶通濾波器(22)‧‧‧Low band pass filter
(221)‧‧‧全波整流器(221)‧‧‧Full-wave rectifier
(222)‧‧‧低通濾波器(222)‧‧‧ low pass filter
(3)‧‧‧處理單元(3) ‧‧‧Processing unit
(4)‧‧‧輸出單元(4)‧‧‧Output unit
第一圖：本發明之結構方塊示意圖First Figure: Schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention
第二圖：軸承損壞訊號之時域特性圖Figure 2: Time domain characteristics of the bearing damage signal
第三圖：軸承損壞訊號之頻域特性圖Figure 3: Frequency domain characteristics of the bearing damage signal
第四圖：軸承損壞訊號經帶通濾波後之時域特性圖Figure 4: Time domain characteristics of the bearing damage signal after bandpass filtering
第五圖：軸承損壞訊號經帶通濾波後之頻域特性圖Figure 5: Frequency domain characteristics of the bearing damage signal after bandpass filtering
第六圖：軸承損壞訊號經包絡分析所獲得包絡訊號之時域特性圖Figure 6: Time domain characteristics of the envelope signal obtained by envelope analysis of the bearing damage signal
第七圖：軸承損壞訊號經經包絡分析所獲得包絡訊號之頻域特性圖Figure 7: Frequency Domain Characteristics of Envelope Signals Obtained by Envelope Analysis of Bearing Damage Signals
第八圖：損壞軸承在1000rpm轉速下之振動頻譜圖Figure 8: Vibration spectrum of damaged bearings at 1000 rpm
第九圖：損壞軸承在2000rpm轉速下之振動頻譜圖Figure 9: Vibration spectrum of damaged bearings at 2000 rpm
第十圖：正常軸承在1000rpm轉速下之振動頻譜圖Figure 10: Vibration spectrum of a normal bearing at 1000 rpm
第十一圖：正常軸承在2000rpm轉速下之振動頻譜圖Figure 11: Vibration spectrum of a normal bearing at 2000 rpm
附件一：本發明在不同軸承運作狀況下之模態間包絡訊號的相關係數值表(一)Annex 1: Table of correlation coefficient values of inter-modal envelope signals of different inventions under different bearing operating conditions (1)
附件二：本發明在不同軸承運作狀況下之模態間包絡訊號的相關係數值表(二)Annex 2: Table of correlation coefficient values of inter-modal envelope signals under different bearing operating conditions of the present invention (2)
(1)‧‧‧加速規(1) ‧ ‧ Acceleration regulations
(2)‧‧‧解調分析電路(2) ‧‧‧Demodulation analysis circuit
(21)‧‧‧高頻帶通濾波器(21)‧‧‧High-frequency pass filter
(211)‧‧‧全波整流器(211)‧‧‧Full-wave rectifier
(212)‧‧‧低通濾波器(212)‧‧‧Low-pass filter
(22)‧‧‧低頻帶通濾波器(22)‧‧‧Low band pass filter
(221)‧‧‧全波整流器(221)‧‧‧Full-wave rectifier
(222)‧‧‧低通濾波器(222)‧‧‧ low pass filter
(3)‧‧‧處理單元(3) ‧‧‧Processing unit
(4)‧‧‧輸出單元(4)‧‧‧Output unit
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| TW201118361A (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2011-06-01 | China Steel Corp | Method of monitoring and inspecting equipment |
| TWM406738U (en) * | 2010-08-16 | 2011-07-01 | De Lin Inst Technology | A device of vibration measuring and diagnosing |
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| TW201118361A (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2011-06-01 | China Steel Corp | Method of monitoring and inspecting equipment |
| TWM406738U (en) * | 2010-08-16 | 2011-07-01 | De Lin Inst Technology | A device of vibration measuring and diagnosing |
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