TWI472490B - A master or preform for an optical element - Google Patents

A master or preform for an optical element Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI472490B
TWI472490B TW99108148A TW99108148A TWI472490B TW I472490 B TWI472490 B TW I472490B TW 99108148 A TW99108148 A TW 99108148A TW 99108148 A TW99108148 A TW 99108148A TW I472490 B TWI472490 B TW I472490B
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glass
preform
rod
molded body
master
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TW99108148A
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Chinese (zh)
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TW201041814A (en
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Karl Mennemann
Volker Dietrich
Joerg Hinrichs
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Schott Ag
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B17/00—Forming molten glass by flowing-out, pushing-out, extruding or drawing downwardly or laterally from forming slits or by overflowing over lips
    • C03B17/04—Forming tubes or rods by drawing from stationary or rotating tools or from forming nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B11/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding spherical surfaces or parts of spherical surfaces on work; Accessories therefor
    • B24B11/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding spherical surfaces or parts of spherical surfaces on work; Accessories therefor for grinding balls
    • B24B11/04—Machines or devices designed for grinding spherical surfaces or parts of spherical surfaces on work; Accessories therefor for grinding balls involving grinding wheels
    • B24B11/08—Machines or devices designed for grinding spherical surfaces or parts of spherical surfaces on work; Accessories therefor for grinding balls involving grinding wheels acting by the circumference
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
    • B24B19/22—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
    • C03B19/02—Other methods of shaping glass by casting molten glass, e.g. injection moulding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
    • C03B23/04—Re-forming tubes or rods
    • C03B23/047—Re-forming tubes or rods by drawing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)

Description

用於光學元件之母模或預型體Master or preform for optical components 發明領域Field of invention

本發明係關於由光學玻璃所構成之母模製體及預型體，關於用於製備該母模製體及該預型體的方法以及關於用於製備光學生胚以做為軸向對稱透鏡之前趨物。The present invention relates to a mother molded body and a preform composed of optical glass, a method for preparing the mother molded body and the preform, and a method for preparing an optical student embryo as an axially symmetric lens Before the trend.

發明背景Background of the invention

數種方法係已知供製備光學元件、範例透鏡用。經由所有方法，製備玻璃體之光學性質，亦即，可為均質化且不具有條紋的技術係被提供。為了獲得此類饋送材料，一般地由一塊狀玻璃熔體而被鑄造，一具有適合玻璃性質之玻璃體係自該塊狀體被切割出，以供自該玻璃體藉由進一步加工成為預型體且最終加工以獲得光學元件。Several methods are known for preparing optical components, example lenses. The optical properties of the glass body are prepared via all methods, i.e., techniques that can be homogenized and have no streaks are provided. In order to obtain such a feed material, it is generally cast from a piece of glass melt from which a glass system having a suitable glass property is cut out for further processing from the glass body into a preform. And finally processed to obtain optical components.

該製程之範例係於美國專利公開案號第US 2003/0021036 A1中所揭露。當預型體為桿條狀時，具有一或二個相對之彎曲面且更具有二個平坦面之光學玻璃體係被形成，其中製備方法係未教示到，該預型體一般係藉由自經鑄造之玻璃桿條切割出而被製備。一透鏡係自該預型體-玻璃體被拉取出，該透鏡具有桿條型且該透鏡之截面形狀顯示出預型體截面形狀之縮小模型。引伸製程係藉由雙拉輪對在加熱預型體之環狀區域下與在拉取出一玻璃桿條下進行，該雙拉輪對銜接於該預型體之平坦面。該等表面因此失去火焰拋光性質。該預型體係以桿條狀物體被切割 出，該物體已顯示出經構成之光學元件且係使用於繞著長軸作為聚光元件。美國專利公開案號第US 2003/0021036A1號之製備方法可因此無法製備一般之軸向對稱透鏡。An example of such a process is disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication No. US 2003/0021036 A1. When the preform is in the form of a rod, an optical glass system having one or two opposite curved faces and having two flat faces is formed, wherein the preparation method is not taught, and the preform is generally It is prepared by cutting a cast glass rod. A lens is pulled from the preform-glass body, the lens has a bar type and the cross-sectional shape of the lens shows a reduced model of the cross-sectional shape of the preform. The extension process is performed by a pair of double pull wheels under the annular region of the heated preform and under a strip of glass rod that is attached to the flat surface of the preform. These surfaces thus lose flame polishing properties. The preform system is cut with a rod-like object It is shown that the object has been shown to be a constructed optical element and is used as a concentrating element around the long axis. The preparation method of U.S. Patent Publication No. US 2003/0021036 A1 makes it impossible to prepare a general axially symmetric lens.

軸向對稱透鏡，其係一般基於具有光學性質之玻璃塊狀物被製備，亦供具有如範例之直徑為1mm的微光學元件用。該玻璃塊狀物係由經鑄造桿條被製得，其中如缺陷之後重表面層係被累積。該玻璃塊狀物係以桿條狀方型截面被切割，該桿條係被加熱且被揉滾，以為了使該桿條變形為圓形玻璃桿條。此桿條對於其等之圓度與平直度仍尚未具有足夠之幾何精準度。因此無中心之圓形體一般包括一進一步之製程步驟，在該步驟中，再一次被加熱之玻璃桿條係被固持在二相反方向之滾製螺紋之間的溝槽內，且因此獲得足夠之圓度與平直度。在製備品中，圓形桿條係被微光學元件製造商所提供，該製造商進一步加工供透鏡生胚與完整透鏡用之圓形桿條。如此一來無法避免的是，在呈圓柱體區段之圓形桿條被切割或經由研磨圓球而被製成之前，圓形桿條係仍為欲拋光之較細薄的桿條，例如，直徑為1.6mm至1.8mm。具有相同體積之生胚是相當重要的。此生胚係最終被連續製成為微光學元件，其中生胚被加熱且擠壓及/或研磨且拋光。Axial symmetric lenses, which are typically prepared based on glass blocks having optical properties, are also provided for micro-optical elements having a diameter of 1 mm as exemplified. The glass lumps are made from cast rods where the heavy surface layer is accumulated, such as after defects. The glass block is cut in a strip-shaped square section that is heated and rolled to deform the bar into a round glass rod. This bar still does not have sufficient geometric accuracy for its roundness and flatness. Thus, the centerless circular body generally includes a further processing step in which the again heated glass rod is held in a groove between the two oppositely rolled threads, and thus sufficient Roundness and flatness. In the preparation, the round bar is provided by the micro-optical component manufacturer, who further processes the circular bar for the lens green and the complete lens. It is inevitable that the circular bar is still a thinner bar to be polished, for example, before the circular bar in the cylindrical section is cut or made by grinding the ball, for example The diameter is from 1.6mm to 1.8mm. It is quite important to have embryos of the same volume. This raw germline is ultimately continuously made into micro-optical elements in which the green embryos are heated and extruded and/or ground and polished.

此微光學元件製備方式之缺點在於大量使用玻璃。可計算出於製備透鏡上約有生玻璃之70倍量的確定重量係被損耗。前述以玻璃桿條之捲狀物存在於熱狀態中之方法的另一缺點，當該等玻璃係長時間被置於較高溫度下時，些 許玻璃傾向於結晶化，如同在此狀態之捲狀物。因此，結晶敏感性玻璃不可藉由熱軋被加工。又一缺點為，關於藉由熱軋之圓形桿條的可獲得直徑與最大長度的限制。以該習知方法，桿條僅可為至多150mm長且最小直徑為3mm所製備。桿條末端係通常不適用於製備透鏡生胚。如3mm之細薄桿條必須藉由向下拋光而被製得。所有上述者意指為玻璃缺陷。A disadvantage of this micro-optical element preparation is the extensive use of glass. It can be calculated that the determined weight is about 70 times the amount of green glass on the preparation lens. Another disadvantage of the aforementioned method of presenting a roll of glass rods in a hot state, when the glass systems are placed at a higher temperature for a long time, The glass tends to crystallize, just like a roll in this state. Therefore, the crystallizable sensitive glass cannot be processed by hot rolling. Yet another disadvantage is the limitation on the available diameter and maximum length of the round bar by hot rolling. In this conventional method, the bars can be prepared only for a length of up to 150 mm and a minimum diameter of 3 mm. The end of the bar is generally not suitable for the preparation of lens blanks. Thin rods such as 3 mm must be made by polishing down. All of the above means a glass defect.

自細薄桿條拉伸之方法基本上可由光學纖維的製法知悉。惟，供光學導光用之光學纖維是由玻璃芯體及一包覆芯體之玻璃外殼體。玻璃外殼體係一方面用來達成芯體與外殼體之界面上光的完全反射。另一方面，玻璃外殼體係亦做為玻璃纖維機械性穩定化用。一玻璃被選用做玻璃外殼體，與所使用之玻璃芯體相較，該玻璃具有較小的熱延展係數α與較高之玻璃轉換溫度Tg 。透過相較於玻璃芯體之一較高玻璃轉換溫度，在拉伸纖維時，玻璃外殼體會較玻璃芯體快速冷卻。且，相較於玻璃芯體之較小的熱延展係數會在玻璃纖維中生成一可使玻璃纖維機械穩定化的應力。因此，至目前為止，定可推斷出，若無此種玻璃外殼體，則在玻璃桿條拉伸時，是無法獲得有機械穩定性的桿條，因為缺乏外殼體所產生的機械穩定性的效果。The method of stretching from a thin bar is basically known from the method of producing optical fibers. However, the optical fiber for optical light guiding is a glass core and a glass outer casing covering the core. The glass envelope system is used on the one hand to achieve a complete reflection of light at the interface between the core and the outer casing. On the other hand, the glass envelope system is also used for mechanical stabilization of glass fibers. A glass is selected as the outer shell of the glass, which has a smaller coefficient of thermal elongation α and a higher glass transition temperature T g than the glass core used. By exposing the fibers to a higher glass transition temperature than the glass core, the glass outer shell is rapidly cooled compared to the glass core. Moreover, a smaller thermal expansion coefficient than the glass core creates a stress in the glass fibers that mechanically stabilizes the glass fibers. Therefore, until now, it can be inferred that without such a glass outer casing, when the glass rod is stretched, it is impossible to obtain a mechanically stable rod because of the lack of mechanical stability of the outer casing. effect.

供光學元件用之作為預型體的圓形桿條係可不具有由其他玻璃組成物所構成之玻璃外殼體，該玻璃組成物係非以前列之纖維拉伸方法由玻璃熔體所製成。The circular rod for the optical element as the preform may not have a glass outer shell composed of other glass compositions, which are made of a glass melt other than the fiber stretching method previously listed.

發明概要Summary of invention

本發明之目標為，減少使用於製備光學元件且特定為供微光學元件用之軸向對稱透鏡中之玻璃。It is an object of the present invention to reduce the glass used in the preparation of optical elements and in particular in axially symmetric lenses for micro-optical elements.

本發明之進一步目標存在於，減少於製備光學元件中之能源成本。A further object of the invention resides in reducing the energy cost in the preparation of optical components.

本發明之進一步目標存在於，縮短於製備光學元件中之冷卻時間。A further object of the invention resides in shortening the cooling time in the preparation of optical components.

本發明之進一步目標存在於，可施用用於製備供微光學元件用之透鏡的結晶敏感性玻璃。A further object of the invention resides in the application of a crystal-sensitive glass for the preparation of lenses for micro-optical elements.

本發明之目標最終存在於，以有效益之方式製備所有一般性光學元件。The object of the invention is ultimately to produce all general optical components in a cost effective manner.

為回應該等提出之目標，一呈桿條狀之由光學玻璃所構成且用於製備供光學元件用之預型體或生胚的母模製體係被製成。該母模製體係直接且未受擾動地由一玻璃熔體所製成，從而獲得一桿條狀之母模製體的火焰拋光的外殼表面。該母模製體包含均質化之光學玻璃，玻璃之玻璃轉化溫度不超過550℃。該光學玻璃係選自下列構成群組：重鑭火石玻璃、鑭火石玻璃、鑭冕玻璃、鋇冕玻璃、鋇火石玻璃、輕鋇火石玻璃、重鋇火石、重火石玻璃、火石玻璃、輕火石玻璃、雙輕火石玻璃、冕火石、冕玻璃、鋅冕玻璃、重冕玻璃、特重冕玻璃、硼矽冕玻璃、氟冕玻璃、磷酸鹽冕玻璃、重磷酸鹽冕玻璃、銻火石特別玻璃。光學均質化以及大部分無機械應力係被解釋為不具有條紋。新穎母模製體之特徵為火焰拋光的外殼表面，該外殼表面係如經由 如本案發明之製備製程所獲得之自由表面。該火焰拋光的外殼表面意指為，於表面上該光學玻璃係未受擾動。In order to achieve the object of the present invention, a master molding system composed of optical glass and used for preparing a preform or a green sheet for an optical element is produced. The master molding system is made directly and undisturbed from a glass melt to obtain a flame-polished outer casing surface of a strip-shaped mother molded body. The master molded body comprises homogenized optical glass, and the glass transition temperature of the glass does not exceed 550 °C. The optical glass is selected from the group consisting of heavy flint glass, flint glass, neodymium glass, neodymium glass, flint glass, light flint glass, heavy flint, heavy flint glass, flint glass, light flint. Glass, double light flint glass, enamel, bismuth glass, zinc bismuth glass, heavy plexiglass, special bismuth glass, borosilicate glass, fluorocarbon glass, phosphate bismuth glass, heavy phosphate bismuth glass, strontium special glass . Optical homogenization and most non-mechanical stress systems are interpreted as having no streaks. The novel master molded body is characterized by a flame-polished outer casing surface, such as via a A free surface obtained by the preparation process of the invention of the present invention. The flame-polished outer casing surface means that the optical glass system is undisturbed on the surface.

該母模製體顯示出一經製成之預型體或生胚的較大產物，亦即，母模製體及預型體之截面形狀具有幾何相似性。當如光學元件之角柱體係欲被製備時，母模製體有不同的幾何截面形狀係可被挑選，亦例如三角形。由於軸向對稱透鏡，特別供微光學元件用者之本發明最大應用範圍仍有待考量。為了此目的，母模製體之確切圓形截面形狀係被需要。對於截面尺寸於自15至60mm之範圍內的桿條狀母模製體，圓度之偏差最高係應於±500μm。圓狀物之截面的偏差係較佳最高於±200μm。The master molded body exhibits a larger product of the prepared preform or green body, that is, the cross-sectional shape of the master molded body and the preform has geometric similarity. When a corner post system such as an optical component is to be prepared, the parent molded body may have a different geometric cross-sectional shape, such as a triangle. Due to the axially symmetrical lens, the maximum range of application of the invention, particularly for micro-optical components, remains to be considered. For this purpose, the exact circular cross-sectional shape of the master molded body is required. For a bar-shaped master molded body having a cross-sectional dimension in the range of 15 to 60 mm, the roundness deviation should be at most ± 500 μm. The deviation of the cross section of the round shape is preferably up to ±200 μm.

為了製得該供母模製體均質化且不具有條紋用之光學玻璃，玻璃熔體係被提煉且被完全攪拌。玻璃桿條係自玻璃熔體經由一成型工具被拉出，以給予該製得的母模製體所欲求之截面形狀。該玻璃桿條係被拉出以生成母模製體桿條之自由表面，且事實上，其因此調控母模製體之所欲求的截面大小。該母膜製體之外殼表面係因此被火焰拋光。在冷卻該母膜製體桿條之後，桿條狀母模製體或預型體係自該等桿條被分割開。經分割之母模製體亦或預型體係受到熱處理，以在無大量壓迫經冷卻之玻璃桿條物件下進行製備。In order to obtain the optical glass for the homogenization of the mother mold body without streaking, the glass melt system is refined and completely stirred. The glass rods are pulled from the glass melt through a forming tool to impart the desired cross-sectional shape of the resulting master molded body. The glass rod strip is pulled out to create a free surface of the master molded body rod and, in fact, it thereby regulates the desired cross-sectional size of the master molded body. The outer surface of the master film body is thus flame polished. After cooling the master film body bar, the bar-shaped master molded body or preform system is separated from the bars. The divided master molded body or preform system is heat treated to prepare without extensive compression of the cooled glass rod article.

該桿條狀母模製體亦能以拉出以外的其他方式被製得。亦即，玻璃亦可自一均質性玻璃熔體被引出，且被置於一鑄模內，該鑄模係設置有一氣墊，以形成一自由表面且因 此經鑄造之母模製體的火焰拋光表面係被生成。又，藉由此製備技術，該母膜製體幾乎沒有形成玻璃缺陷，鑑於該具有火焰拋光之表面的母模製體係被製得如均質化玻璃體。The rod-shaped mother molded body can also be produced in a manner other than pulling out. That is, the glass may also be drawn from a homogenous glass melt and placed in a mold that is provided with an air cushion to form a free surface and A flame-polished surface of the cast master molded body is produced. Further, by this preparation technique, the mother film body hardly forms glass defects, and the mother molding system having the flame-polished surface is prepared as a homogenized glass body.

本發明亦關於由光學玻璃所構成之呈圓桿條狀的供製備光學生胚的預型體。此預型體係在預型體可獲得一火焰拋光的外殼表面下，經由引伸製程被直接且近乎不受擾動地，由一圓柱狀母模製體來製成。該預型體包含均質化光學玻璃，該玻璃係對應於機械應力之均質化且不具有條紋。因為製得之透鏡生胚係應由可精確相同之量所製備，因此該預型體應可被成形為圓形且平直形。於100mm之桿條長上，圓度與平直度之偏差係可個別最高為±100μm。然而，較佳為圓度之更較低的偏差，至多為±50μm或甚至為±20μm。The present invention also relates to a preform for the preparation of a light student embryo in the form of a round bar formed of optical glass. The preform system is made from a cylindrical master molded body directly and nearly undisturbed by a stretching process under the surface of the preform which is subjected to a flame-polished outer casing. The preform comprises a homogenized optical glass that corresponds to homogenization of mechanical stress and does not have streaks. Since the prepared lens germline should be prepared in exactly the same amount, the preform should be shaped into a circular shape and a straight shape. On the length of the rod of 100 mm, the deviation between the roundness and the straightness can be up to ±100 μm. However, it is preferred that the lower deviation of the roundness is at most ± 50 μm or even ± 20 μm.

製備供微光學元件用之預型體係取決於預型體之直徑，該等直徑係於自0.5至10mm之範圍內。透鏡生胚係自桿條狀預型體所製得，其中由於表面之負面影響，預型體桿條之末端無法適合用於製備良好性質之透鏡生胚。為了維持低缺陷，較佳為，該預型體係生成具有較長之物體長度，其中最短長度400mm係被認為是適合的。The preform system for the preparation of micro-optical elements depends on the diameter of the preforms, which are in the range from 0.5 to 10 mm. Lens green embryos are produced from rod-shaped preforms in which the ends of the preform strips are not suitable for the preparation of good-quality lens greens due to the negative effects of the surface. In order to maintain low defects, it is preferred that the preform system produces a longer object length, with a minimum length of 400 mm being considered suitable.

為了製備特別薄之圓桿條型預型體，源自於一圓桿條型母模製體，在高於玻璃軟化溫度之溫度下加熱母模製體之一區段，且自該母膜製體之經加熱區段將預型體桿條所拉出。該預型體被僅有小面積比的一小段預型體外殼表面 被一拉出工具抓握地被拉出，亦即，該預型體之大部分外殼表面係被形成如一呈火焰拋光性質之自由表面。在冷卻預型體之後，該圓桿條狀預型體係自未經中斷之預型體桿條所分割開。In order to prepare a particularly thin round bar type preform, it is derived from a round bar type master molded body, which heats a section of the master molded body at a temperature higher than the glass softening temperature, and is made from the mother film The heated section of the body pulls the preform bar. The preform is a small pre-formed shell surface with a small area ratio It is pulled out by a pull-out tool, that is, most of the outer surface of the preform is formed as a free surface that is flame-polished. After cooling the preform, the round strip preform system is separated from the uninterrupted preform strip.

作為前趨物之透鏡生胚係可由預型體被製備為光學元件。為此，具有相同大小之區段係自預型體所分割，以製得具有相同體積之生胚。在擠壓生胚以製備透鏡之中，該等相同體積係最為重要的。因此，亦係重要的為，該對應於圓度及平直度具有較高性質的預型體，亦即，製備不具有紋路或彎取的預型體。分割具有相同體積的生胚之方法係適合用於割開與該預型體具有相同大小之物體或研磨分割該預型體之區段。A lens germline as a precursor can be prepared as an optical element from a preform. To this end, segments of the same size are segmented from the preform to produce green embryos having the same volume. Among the extruded blanks to prepare lenses, these same volumes are of the utmost importance. Therefore, it is also important that the preform corresponding to the roundness and the flatness has a higher property, that is, a preform having no grain or bend. A method of segmenting green embryos having the same volume is suitable for cutting an object of the same size as the preform or grinding a section dividing the preform.

圖式簡單說明Simple illustration

本發明之實施例係藉由示意圖之輔助而被闡明。其中示意：第1圖為具有精煉裝置及攪拌器槽之熔化設備，第2圖為用於製備一母模製體桿條或預型體桿條之裝置，第3圖為一母模製體或預型體，第4圖為一用於冷卻母模製體或預型體之爐子，第5圖為一用於玻璃桿條之鑄模，第6圖為一供細薄的預型體用之製備裝置，第7圖為製備作為透鏡生胚之玻璃球體，且第8圖為一阿貝圖示(Abbediagramm)。Embodiments of the invention are illustrated by the aid of the schematic diagrams. The figure shows: Figure 1 is a melting device with a refining device and a stirrer tank, Figure 2 is a device for preparing a master molded bar or a preform bar, and Figure 3 is a mother molded body. Or a preform, Fig. 4 is a furnace for cooling a master molded body or a preform, Fig. 5 is a mold for a glass rod, and Fig. 6 is for a thin preform. The preparation device, Fig. 7 is a glass sphere prepared as a lens green embryo, and Fig. 8 is an Abbediagram.

較佳實施例之詳細說明Detailed description of the preferred embodiment

母模製體之製備(第3圖)係藉由第1及2圖之輔助而被闡明。玻璃熔體1係持續在熔化設備10內被製備且可持續地在精煉裝置12內被獲得，以生成經由溶化為無氣泡之流體玻璃。經熔化之玻璃熔體係被饋送至一攪拌器13，以確保玻璃熔體之流暢性。該玻璃熔體1自該攪拌器到達至桿條鑄造工具20(第2圖)。The preparation of the master molded body (Fig. 3) is illustrated by the aid of Figures 1 and 2. The glass melt 1 is continuously prepared within the melting apparatus 10 and is continuously obtained within the refining apparatus 12 to produce a fluid glass that is melted into bubbles without bubbles. The molten glass melt system is fed to a stirrer 13 to ensure the smoothness of the glass melt. The glass melt 1 is fed from the agitator to the bar casting tool 20 (Fig. 2).

非連續性趨動熔化日量熔槽或非連續性趨動罐式爐係可被使用來取代連續性趨動熔化設備，在該等各者中係被熔化且經由攪拌而被均質化。A discontinuous kinetic melting day melt tank or a discontinuous kinetic tank furnace can be used in place of the continuous kinetic melting equipment, where it is melted and homogenized via agitation.

該桿條鑄造工具20包含一管道進料漏斗21、一成形工具22以及一用於拉出一經成型之玻璃桿條2的輸送裝置23。該桿條鑄造工具20係經由外殼24被覆蓋，以較佳地調控該玻璃桿條2之鑄造物裝載。必須要的是，該玻璃桿條成形於具有火焰拋光性質之大區段表面上，且亦於保護結晶敏感性的玻璃種類時得以維持光學均質性。其係為可行的，因為冷卻外殼24內部相較於製備一鑄造之玻璃桿條基本上進行得較為快速，而一般性母模製體係由該玻璃桿條所切割。The bar casting tool 20 includes a pipe feed funnel 21, a forming tool 22, and a conveyor 23 for pulling out a molded glass rod 2. The bar casting tool 20 is covered by a casing 24 to preferably regulate the casting load of the glass rod 2. It is essential that the glass rod is formed on a large section surface having flame-polished properties and that optical homogeneity is maintained while protecting the crystal-sensitive glass species. This is possible because the interior of the cooling jacket 24 is substantially faster than the preparation of a cast glass rod, and the general master molding system is cut by the glass rod.

仍要注意的是，桿條鑄造工具20與測量及控制裝置25係被配置，以為了測量玻璃桿條2之截面尺寸d1、d2且該輸送裝置23之排出率係經由所欲求之玻璃桿條2的截面調整。It should be noted that the bar casting tool 20 and the measuring and controlling device 25 are configured to measure the cross-sectional dimensions d1, d2 of the glass rod 2 and the discharge rate of the conveying device 23 is via the desired glass rod. 2 section adjustment.

進一步言之，該玻璃桿條2，未經顯示之裝置區段，係被分割為獨立的玻璃桿條3。一獨立的玻璃桿條3係被顯示於第3圖，且依據各玻璃桿條之尺寸，其等係可被使用於製備如母模製體或如預型體之光學元件。有鑑於避免缺陷之效益性，具有較大長度L之玻璃桿條係被挑選出。較長之長度係被考慮至少有400mm，然，玻璃桿條長度亦可適宜為800mm。分隔柵格係因此被使用，該分隔柵格係與玻璃桿條2之桿條寬度相符合。由此一來，當供連續製程用之經切割的玻璃桿條的尾部掉落時，會僅造成少量的玻璃損失。Further, the glass rod 2, the device section not shown, is divided into individual glass rods 3. A separate glass rod 3 is shown in Figure 3, and depending on the size of each glass rod, it can be used to prepare an optical element such as a master molded body or a preform. In view of the effectiveness of avoiding defects, glass rods having a larger length L are selected. The longer length is considered to be at least 400 mm, however, the length of the glass rod may also be suitably 800 mm. A separate grid system is thus used which corresponds to the width of the bars of the glass rod 2. As a result, when the tail of the cut glass rod for continuous processing is dropped, only a small amount of glass loss is caused.

經切割之玻璃桿條3係在一冷卻爐40內受到熱處理。由於在獨立的桿條3內玻璃之***，因此，熱處理時間是相較短的，相較於熱處理一經鑄造之桿條或為獲得由切割下之玻璃塊狀物所構成的同質物之方法。The cut glass rod 3 is heat treated in a cooling furnace 40. Due to the splitting of the glass in the individual bars 3, the heat treatment time is relatively short compared to the heat treated cast bar or the method of obtaining a homogenous material consisting of the cut glass mass.

以在鑄模50(第5圖)內所生成之玻璃桿條5取代經由引伸製程而製成玻璃桿條3，係為可行的。流體玻璃1係由如第1圖之設備被提供且被置放於鑄模50，該具有一氣墊之鑄模50包圍固化的玻璃，以生成玻璃桿條5之一自由表面。在該鑄模50內，緩慢冷卻玻璃桿條5可於此處被進行，以製成具有同質性且優異平直度的玻璃桿條5。該玻璃桿條5亦可在爐子內受到熱處理。It is possible to replace the glass rod 3 formed in the mold 50 (Fig. 5) by the extension process to form the glass rod 3. The fluid glass 1 is provided by a device as shown in Fig. 1 and placed in a mold 50 which surrounds the solidified glass to form a free surface of the glass rod 5. Within the mold 50, the slow cooling of the glass rod 5 can be carried out here to produce a glass rod 5 having homogeneity and excellent flatness. The glass rod 5 can also be heat treated in the furnace.

對於具有相對較大之截面尺寸的光學元件，玻璃桿條3可被使用如預型體。人可將玻璃桿條3分割為呈相同體積之獨立區段或球狀物，該球狀物係適合於以一壓縮方式之連續製程以生成透鏡。For optical components having a relatively large cross-sectional dimension, the glass rod 3 can be used as a preform. A person can divide the glass rod 3 into separate segments or spheres of the same volume, which are suitable for continuous processing in a compressed manner to create a lens.

然，亦可使用作為母模製體之玻璃桿條3以製備圓形桿條6，該圓形桿條6藉由製備透鏡生胚7而形成預型體。一抽拉設備60係被顯示示意於第6圖，且包含一供玻璃桿條3用之停止-且饋送裝置61、一環狀加熱裝置62、一供形成玻璃桿條4用之抽拉裝置64、一供玻璃桿條4厚度用之測量裝置63、以及一供該加熱裝置62之溫度調控、玻璃桿條3之饋送速度、與玻璃桿條4之抽出速度用之調控裝置65。一切割裝置66與桿條4一起移動，且重複地切割圓形桿條6。為了此目的，在冷卻之後，該玻璃桿條4係被刻畫且被***為數部分或橫向橫切。在此拉出操作中，玻璃桿條4之火焰拋光表面係被獲得，且拉出操作係被進行，以使得玻璃桿條4之表面的最大部分維持在該拉出操作未受擾動下進行。分割裝置66較佳為在抽拉裝置64之接觸點上被施行以造成影響。However, it is also possible to use a glass rod 3 as a master molded body to prepare a circular rod 6 which is formed into a preform by preparing a lens green sheet 7. A drawing device 60 is shown schematically in Fig. 6 and includes a stop for the glass rod 3 to be used - and a feeding device 61, an annular heating device 62, and a drawing device for forming the glass rod 4 64. A measuring device 63 for the thickness of the glass rod 4, and a regulating device 65 for controlling the temperature of the heating device 62, the feeding speed of the glass rod 3, and the drawing speed of the glass rod 4. A cutting device 66 moves with the bar 4 and repeatedly cuts the circular bar 6. For this purpose, after cooling, the glass rod 4 is characterized and split into portions or transversely transverse. In this pull-out operation, the flame-polished surface of the glass rod 4 is obtained, and the pull-out operation is performed so that the largest portion of the surface of the glass rod 4 is maintained while the pull-out operation is not disturbed. The dividing device 66 is preferably applied at the point of contact of the pulling device 64 to effect.

為了生成所欲求之玻璃桿條4的直徑，玻璃桿條3係在最小之軟化溫度Ew 下預熱。在圓形加熱裝置62之孔洞內進行經調控之加熱，該加熱使玻璃桿條4得以抽拉。抽拉溫度係取決於玻璃之特徵、玻璃桿條之軌跡速度、抽拉裝置64之抽拉速度以及玻璃桿條之理論直徑。加熱裝置62之熱能與桿條3和桿條4之驅動係因此被調節。鑑於所獲之玻璃桿條4之圓度相當具有重要性，在二個相互直角方向上之直徑的持續控制係被提供，該等玻璃桿條之直徑係如同在第3圖中所示明之直徑d1與d2。若偏離理論值時，可考慮在加熱裝置62中，進行熱功率釋出之校準。以該方法，經量測預型體之長度L的直徑d1及d2與理論直徑之偏差，應可被獲得， 最高為±100μm，較佳最高為±50μm，且更較佳為20μm。To generate the desire of the glass rod diameter article, the bar 3 based glass is preheated at 4 the softening temperature of the minimum E w. Regulated heating is carried out in the holes of the circular heating device 62, which heats the glass rods 4 to be drawn. The drawing temperature depends on the characteristics of the glass, the trajectory speed of the glass rod, the drawing speed of the drawing device 64, and the theoretical diameter of the glass rod. The thermal energy of the heating device 62 and the drive train of the bars 3 and the bars 4 are thus adjusted. In view of the importance of the roundness of the obtained glass rods 4, continuous control of the diameters in two mutually orthogonal directions is provided, the diameters of the glass rods being as shown in the third figure. D1 and d2. If it deviates from the theoretical value, it can be considered to perform the calibration of the thermal power release in the heating device 62. In this method, the deviation of the diameters d1 and d2 of the length L of the preform from the theoretical diameter should be obtained, up to ±100 μm, preferably up to ±50 μm, and more preferably 20 μm.

在玻璃桿條4分離後，當機械應力應被降低時，桿條6係在一爐子內被施用熱處理，該熱處理係類似於上述用於玻璃桿條3之熱處理。After the separation of the glass rods 4, when the mechanical stress is to be lowered, the bars 6 are subjected to heat treatment in an oven similar to the above-described heat treatment for the glass rods 3.

為了自玻璃桿條6生胚7製備透鏡，呈盤狀相同體積之玻璃桿條6係被割出或呈球體經由拋光分割而被連續處理。該拋光分割操作係如第7圖所繪。該拋光分割裝置70包含呈波浪狀71、72之相對的延伸拋光盤，該等盤因此長久地拋光玻璃桿條6，直到穿通在該等盤71、72之間溝槽73的具有相同直徑之球體完全減小。In order to prepare the lens from the glass rod 6 green embryo 7, the glass rods 6 of the same volume in the form of discs are cut or continuously processed by the spheres by polishing. This polishing division operation is as shown in Fig. 7. The polishing and dividing device 70 includes opposing elongated polishing disks in the form of waves 71, 72 which thus polish the glass rod 6 for a long time until the same diameter is formed through the grooves 73 between the disks 71, 72. The sphere is completely reduced.

該等具有相同體積之盤或也具有相同體積之球體可被壓擠為透鏡，此係為習知的。依據習知模式的拋光與研磨處理係可行的。Such discs having the same volume or spheres having the same volume can be pressed into a lens, which is conventional. Polishing and grinding processes according to conventional modes are possible.

實施例Example

光學玻璃，其係藉由在第8圖之阿貝圖示的矩形點所示，係被熔化且係以同質化之形式被拉伸為具有較大的玻璃桿條直徑的母模製體，且接續著被拉伸為具有較小直徑的預型體。自其他可調控的光學玻璃，如經由在阿貝圖示中所註記之圓點，係被採用，且該等玻璃亦可以根據本發明之方法所製備。第1表陳明有於拉伸動作時之玻璃種類與參數值。加熱溫度係被了解為加熱裝置62之溫度，且拉伸溫度係被了解為在桿條4上之溫度。An optical glass which is melted and is homogenized to be stretched into a master molded body having a larger diameter of a glass rod as indicated by the rectangular dots shown in the Abbe diagram of Fig. 8. And then it is stretched into a preform having a smaller diameter. Other tunable optical glasses, such as those noted via the Abbe diagram, are employed and may be prepared in accordance with the methods of the present invention. The first table shows the type and parameter value of the glass during the stretching operation. The heating temperature is understood to be the temperature of the heating device 62, and the stretching temperature is understood to be the temperature on the rod 4.

縮寫“n.m.”意指，玻璃軟化溫度係無法以桿條拉伸黏度劑所測定。於此狀況中，拉伸溫度係可基於經驗而被 確定。The abbreviation "n.m." means that the glass softening temperature cannot be determined by the rod stretching adhesive. In this case, the stretching temperature can be based on experience. determine.

於執行實施例10與13中，玻璃桿條之調整速率係被維持在10mm/min。在桿條直徑為30mm時，如本發明之預型體提供1000mm/min之拉伸速率。In the execution of Examples 10 and 13, the adjustment rate of the glass rod was maintained at 10 mm/min. When the rod diameter is 30 mm, the preform as in the present invention provides a stretching rate of 1000 mm/min.

所有如本發明之實施例的預型體具有在自20至50μm/100mm桿條長度之範圍內的圓度。All preforms according to embodiments of the invention have roundness in the range of lengths from 20 to 50 μm / 100 mm rod.

如本發明之玻璃，預型體可被拉伸至一1000mm的長度。As with the glass of the present invention, the preform can be stretched to a length of 1000 mm.

比較實施例Comparative example

根據本項先前技藝之方法的具有較小直徑3mm之預型體，如前列所述者，並未被製成。根據本項先前技藝所製成的預型體的最大長度為150mm。再者，藉由傳統方法之N-KZFS11與LaSF35之預型體係未被製成，其中玻璃藉由熱軋而結晶化。A preform having a smaller diameter of 3 mm according to the method of the prior art of this item, as described in the foregoing, was not made. The preforms made according to the prior art of this item have a maximum length of 150 mm. Further, a preform system of N-KZFS11 and LaSF35 by a conventional method in which glass is crystallized by hot rolling is not produced.

1‧‧‧玻璃熔體1‧‧‧ glass melt

2‧‧‧玻璃桿條2‧‧‧ glass rods

3‧‧‧玻璃桿條3‧‧‧ Glass rods

4‧‧‧玻璃桿條4‧‧‧ Glass rods

5‧‧‧玻璃桿條5‧‧‧ Glass rods

6‧‧‧玻璃桿條6‧‧‧ Glass rods

10‧‧‧熔化設備10‧‧‧Melting equipment

12‧‧‧精煉裝置12‧‧‧Refining unit

13‧‧‧攪拌器13‧‧‧Agitator

20‧‧‧桿條鑄造工具20‧‧‧Rod casting tool

21‧‧‧管道進料漏斗21‧‧‧ Pipe Feeding Funnel

22‧‧‧成形工具22‧‧‧ Forming tools

23‧‧‧輸送裝置23‧‧‧Conveyor

24‧‧‧外殼24‧‧‧ Shell

25‧‧‧測量及控制裝置25‧‧‧Measurement and control devices

40‧‧‧冷卻爐40‧‧‧Cooling furnace

50‧‧‧鑄模50‧‧‧Molding

60‧‧‧抽拉設備60‧‧‧Drawing equipment

61‧‧‧停止-且饋送裝置61‧‧‧ stop-and feed device

62‧‧‧加熱裝置62‧‧‧ heating device

63‧‧‧玻璃桿條63‧‧‧ Glass rods

64‧‧‧抽拉裝置64‧‧‧drawing device

65‧‧‧調控裝置65‧‧‧Control device

66‧‧‧切割裝置66‧‧‧Cutting device

71‧‧‧盤71‧‧‧

72‧‧‧盤72‧‧‧

73‧‧‧溝槽73‧‧‧ trench

本發明之實施例係藉由示意圖之輔助而被闡明。其中示意：第1圖為具有精煉裝置及攪拌器槽之熔化設備，第2圖為用於製備一母模製體桿條或預型體桿條之裝 置，第3圖為一母模製體或預型體，第4圖為一用於冷卻母模製體或預型體之爐子，第5圖為一用於玻璃桿條之鑄模，第6圖為一供細薄的預型體用之製備裝置，第7圖為製備作為透鏡生胚之玻璃球體，且第8圖為一阿貝圖示(Abbediagramm)。Embodiments of the invention are illustrated by the aid of the schematic diagrams. It is indicated that: Figure 1 is a melting device with a refining device and a stirrer tank, and Figure 2 is a device for preparing a master molded bar or pre-shaped bar 3, a mother molded body or a preform, FIG. 4 is a furnace for cooling the master molded body or the preform, and FIG. 5 is a mold for the glass rod, the sixth The figure shows a preparation apparatus for a thin preform, Fig. 7 is a glass sphere for preparing a lens green, and Fig. 8 is an Abbe diagram.

3‧‧‧玻璃桿條3‧‧‧ Glass rods

Claims (15)

一種製備使用作為預型體之呈分離玻璃桿條的母模製體的方法，該方法包含步驟：a)提供一玻璃熔體，b)純化該玻璃熔體，c)攪拌該玻璃熔體，d)自玻璃熔體移出玻璃且在一成形工具內形成一玻璃桿條，e)藉由在外殼表面之一小面積比的一小段上應用一抽拉工具並在玻璃桿條之外殼表面形成一自由表面下抽拉該玻璃桿條而將桿條橫斷面減小至所欲求之橫斷面為止，其中該玻璃桿條之外殼表面除了接觸部分外被生成火焰拋光性質，f)冷卻後，將桿狀母模製體自該玻璃桿條分離，g)熱處理經分離之母模製體以降低經冷卻之母模製體內的應力。 A method of preparing a master molded body using a separation glass rod as a preform, the method comprising the steps of: a) providing a glass melt, b) purifying the glass melt, c) stirring the glass melt, d) removing the glass from the glass melt and forming a glass rod in a forming tool, e) applying a pulling tool on a small section of a small area ratio of the surface of the outer casing and forming on the outer surface of the glass rod Pulling the glass rod under a free surface to reduce the cross-section of the rod to the desired cross-section, wherein the outer surface of the glass rod is flame-polished except for the contact portion, f) after cooling Separating the rod-shaped master molded body from the glass rod, g) heat-treating the separated mother molded body to reduce stress in the cooled master molded body. 一種由光學玻璃所構成之呈桿狀的母模製體，供使用作為或製備用於光學元件的預型體或生胚，且由申請專利範圍第1項之方法製備，該母模製體具有下列特徵：該母模製體係在母模製體可獲得一火焰拋光的外殼表面下，直接且不受擾動地由一玻璃熔體所製成，該母模製體由均質性光學玻璃所構成，該玻璃係藉由降低機械應力而均質化且不具有條紋，其中該玻璃表面除了外殼表面的小面積部分的抽拉工具接觸部分外未 受擾動；該母模製體具有一玻璃桿條分離之玻璃桿條的形狀。 A rod-shaped mother molded body composed of optical glass for use as or preparation of a preform or a green body for an optical element, which is prepared by the method of claim 1 of the parent molded body The method has the following features: the master molding system is directly and undisturbed by a glass melt under the surface of the flame-polished outer shell of the master molded body, and the master molded body is made of homogenized optical glass. The glass is homogenized by reducing mechanical stress and has no streaks, wherein the glass surface is not except for the contact portion of the drawing tool of a small area portion of the surface of the outer casing. Disturbed; the master molded body has the shape of a glass rod separated by a glass rod. 如申請專利範圍第2項之母模製體，其中桿狀母模製體之截面尺寸係位於自15至60mm之範圍內。 The master molded body of claim 2, wherein the cross-sectional dimension of the rod-shaped mother molded body is in the range of from 15 to 60 mm. 如申請專利範圍第2或3項之母模製體，其中桿狀母模製體之截面係在圓度可接受最高為±500μm的偏差下圓形化。 The master molded body of claim 2 or 3, wherein the cross section of the rod-shaped mother molded body is rounded under a deviation that the roundness can be up to ±500 μm. 如申請專利範圍第2或3項之母模製體，其中該光學玻璃係選自下列構成群組：重鑭火石玻璃、鑭火石玻璃、鑭冕玻璃、鋇冕玻璃、鋇火石玻璃、輕鋇火石玻璃、重鋇火石、重火石玻璃、火石玻璃、輕火石玻璃、雙輕火石玻璃、冕火石、冕玻璃、鋅冕玻璃、重冕玻璃、特重冕玻璃、硼矽冕玻璃、氟冕玻璃、磷酸鹽冕玻璃、重磷酸鹽冕玻璃、銻火石特別玻璃。 The master molded body of claim 2 or 3, wherein the optical glass is selected from the group consisting of heavy flint glass, flint glass, neodymium glass, neodymium glass, flint glass, and light enamel. Flint glass, heavy flint glass, heavy flint glass, flint glass, light flint glass, double light flint glass, flint stone, neodymium glass, zinc bismuth glass, heavy glass, extra heavy glass, borosilicate glass, fluorocarbon glass , phosphate bismuth glass, heavy phosphate bismuth glass, special glass for whetstone. 如申請專利範圍第2或3項之母模製體，其中玻璃之玻璃轉化溫度不超過550℃。 For example, the mother molded body of claim 2 or 3, wherein the glass transition temperature of the glass does not exceed 550 °C. 一種用於製備圓桿狀預型體的方法，該方法包含步驟：h)提供一依據申請專利範圍第2項的具有火焰拋光外殼表面之圓桿狀母模製體，i)以高於玻璃之軟化溫度(Ew )之溫度來加熱該母模製體的一區段，j)藉由在外殼表面上具有小面積比的一小段上應用一抽拉工具且在被抽拉之玻璃桿條形成自由表面下從母模 製體之加熱區段抽拉一玻璃桿條，其中該玻璃桿條大部分的外殼表面，除了小面積比之接觸部分的外殼表面外被形成火焰拋光外殼表面，k)冷卻後，圓柱狀預型體被從該玻璃棍條分離。A method for preparing a round rod-shaped preform, the method comprising the steps of: h) providing a round rod-shaped master molded body having a flame-polished outer surface according to claim 2, i) above the glass a temperature of the softening temperature (E w ) to heat a section of the master molded body, j) applying a pulling tool on a small section having a small area ratio on the surface of the outer casing and pulling the glass rod The strip forms a free surface to draw a glass rod from the heating section of the master molded body, wherein a majority of the outer surface of the glass strip is formed into a flame-polished outer surface except for a small area than the outer surface of the contact portion. k) After cooling, the cylindrical preform is separated from the glass rod. 如申請專利範圍第7項之方法，其中該分割過程是在抽拉裝置的接觸點被施行。 The method of claim 7, wherein the dividing process is performed at a contact point of the drawing device. 一種用於製備光學生胚之呈圓桿狀之以光學玻璃構成的預型體，係以申請專利範圍第7或8項之方法製成，該預型體具有下列特徵：該預型體係在預型體可獲得一火焰拋光的外殼表面下，經由引伸製程被直接且近乎不受擾動地地，由一圓柱狀母模製體來製成，其中該該玻璃表面除了外殼表面的小面積部分的抽拉工具接觸部分外未受擾動，該預型體由均質性光學玻璃所構成，該玻璃係藉由降低機械應力而均質化且不具有條紋。 A preform made of optical glass for preparing a light student embryo in a round rod shape, which is produced by the method of claim 7 or 8 which has the following characteristics: the preform system is The preform is obtainable under a surface of a flame-polished outer casing and is directly and nearly undisturbed by a stretching process, and is made of a cylindrical mother molded body, wherein the glass surface is in addition to a small-area portion of the outer surface of the outer casing The contact portion of the drawing tool is undisturbed, and the preform is composed of a homogenous optical glass which is homogenized by reducing mechanical stress and has no streaks. 如申請專利範圍第9項之預型體，其中關於桿狀體之圓度與平直度，該預型體之幾何形係被維持在偏差至多為如下：圓度：100mm桿長±100μm，平直度：100mm桿長±100μm。 The preform of claim 9 wherein, regarding the roundness and flatness of the rod, the geometry of the preform is maintained at a deviation of at most as follows: roundness: 100 mm rod length ± 100 μm, Straightness: 100mm rod length ± 100μm. 如申請專利範圍第10項之預型體，圓度及平直度之偏差至多為±20μm。 For the preform of claim 10, the deviation of roundness and flatness is at most ±20 μm. 如申請專利範圍第9或10項之預型體，直徑係在0.5至10mm之範圍內，且長度至少為400mm。 A preform according to claim 9 or 10, having a diameter in the range of 0.5 to 10 mm and a length of at least 400 mm. 一種用於製備軸向對稱透鏡生胚之方法，該方法包含步驟：提供一如申請專利範圍第9或10項之預型體，從該預型體分離出相同大小之區段，以製備相同體積之生胚。 A method for preparing an axially symmetrical lens green embryo, the method comprising the steps of: providing a preform as claimed in claim 9 or 10, separating segments of the same size from the preform to prepare the same The birth of the volume. 如申請專利範圍第13項之方法，其中藉由切割該預型體，而分離出該等區段。 The method of claim 13, wherein the segments are separated by cutting the preform. 如申請專利範圍第13項之方法，其中經由該預型體的磨切，而分割出該等區段。 The method of claim 13, wherein the segments are segmented by grinding of the preform.
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