TWI471745B - Pipe route design automation method based on established piping spaces - Google Patents
Pipe route design automation method based on established piping spaces Download PDFInfo
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本發明係有關於一種管路佈置方法，特別是有關於一種對安置於多個空間裡、相互連通的長方體管路通道，經由三維管群路徑搜尋(Spatial Graph Search)與邊運算子(Edge Operator)而確定管路路徑的管路佈置方法。The invention relates to a pipeline arrangement method, in particular to a rectangular pipeline passage arranged in a plurality of spaces and connected to each other, through a three-dimensional pipeline group search (Spatial Graph Search) and an edge operator (Edge Operator) And determine the piping layout method of the pipeline path.
世界各國之商船為了增加載貨空間以發揮經濟及成本效益，於設計上盡量將機艙空間縮小。在有限及狹窄之機艙內除了主機外，尚有輔助其運轉之各項機械設備及各種油水櫃，而管路為連接各主輔機、設備、與油水櫃之重要橋樑。其中管路佈置設計，主要是在規劃各設備與油水櫃之間的連接管路路徑。在管路路徑佈置方式，常看到(1)管路沿著艙壁、油水櫃牆壁佈置(沿面管路佈置方法)；(2)相鄰接短管段間成直角關係之佈置(直交管線佈置方法)；(3)多個平行管路集中成排狀之佈置(管群佈置方法)。In order to increase the cargo space for economic and cost-effectiveness, merchant ships from all over the world are designed to reduce the cabin space as much as possible. In addition to the main engine in the limited and narrow engine room, there are various mechanical equipments and various oil water tanks to assist its operation, and the pipeline is an important bridge connecting the main auxiliary machines, equipment and oil water tanks. The piping layout design is mainly to plan the connection pipeline path between each equipment and the oil water tank. In the layout of the pipeline path, it is often seen that (1) the pipeline is arranged along the bulkhead and the oil tank wall (the method of laying the pipeline along the surface); (2) the arrangement of the adjacent short pipe sections in a right angle relationship (straight pipeline arrangement) Method); (3) Arrangement of a plurality of parallel pipes in a row (tube group arrangement method).
管路佈置初期，若能先在狹窄機艙空間中規劃出整體性可共同使用、寬幅的管群路徑，讓同方向、位置接近的管子，集中、平行地排放在此預先規劃之路徑中，自然形成管群或管排(Pipe Trunk)。In the initial stage of pipeline layout, if a holistic, common-use, wide-area pipe group path can be planned in the narrow engine room space, the pipes in the same direction and position will be discharged in this pre-planned path in a centralized and parallel manner. Naturally form a pipe cluster or a pipe Trunk.
管路佈置管群化，除了讓機艙內部整齊美觀外，會留下更多空餘的機艙空間做為其他用途。這與規劃大平原上城市間的連接道路一樣，先設計出橫向及縱向的主要、寬 大聯通道路(供陸運交通工具行駛)，其他連接道路則較為次要，常隨需要而增加。The piping layout is grouped, and in addition to making the interior of the cabin neat and tidy, it will leave more spare cabin space for other purposes. This is the same as planning the connecting road between the cities on the Great Plains. First, design the horizontal and vertical main and wide. Dalian Channel Road (for land transport vehicles), other connected roads are less important, often increasing as needed.
管群佈置設計常見於國內、外化學工廠及發電廠，由於該類工廠的場地寬廣，無地形(邊牆)與空間之限制，管路與管群佈置較為靈活。在船上，機艙空間有限，同時在空間之使用上有法規限制，管群之運用更有其重要性。The layout design of the tube group is common in domestic and foreign chemical factories and power plants. Due to the wide site of the factory, there is no limitation of terrain (side wall) and space, and the arrangement of pipelines and tubes is flexible. On the ship, the cabin space is limited, and there are regulatory restrictions on the use of space. The use of the management group is more important.
此外，管路設計常用的電腦輔助設計(CAD)工具為AutoCAD與PDMS，目前國內仍是由管路設計工程師以Interactive的方式，運用CAD系統繪製出其設計之管路路徑。此設計模式比過去用手工繪製管路設計圖的方式有效，但仍花費大量設計時間。In addition, the computer-aided design (CAD) tools commonly used in pipeline design are AutoCAD and PDMS. At present, pipeline design engineers use the CAD system to draw the pipeline path of their design in an interactive way. This design pattern is more efficient than the way in which the piping design was drawn by hand in the past, but it still takes a lot of design time.
再者，有關管路佈置設計之發明方向，大部份是在探討管路佈置技術或尋求最短總管長與最少肘管數量。Yamada及Teraoka提出運用最小空間配合次方乘積法求取管路最短路徑之規劃；Satyanarayana運用非線性規劃等方法，以最短路徑來佈置三維管路。此外，Park與Storch著重在如何使管路避開障礙物及以最短路徑進行管路佈置。Furthermore, most of the invention directions for piping layout design are to explore piping layout techniques or to seek the shortest total length of pipe and the minimum number of elbows. Yamada and Teraoka proposed using the minimum space with the power factor method to find the shortest path of the pipeline; Satyanarayana uses nonlinear programming and other methods to arrange the three-dimensional pipeline with the shortest path. In addition, Park and Storch focus on how to keep the pipeline away from obstacles and route the pipeline in the shortest path.
在管路佈置自動化方面，郭啟洲 將管路以矩陣方式來表達，並利用人工智慧搜尋可以佈置管路之路徑，選出較佳(管件總長最小者)的設計，透過PDMS呈現管線並進行碰撞測試，當發生管件碰撞後，需再回到數學化管路模型之矩陣進行修改，完成一次疊代。In terms of pipeline layout automation, Guo Qizhou expresses the pipelines in a matrix, and uses artificial intelligence to search for the route that can be arranged, select the better design (the smallest total length of the pipe), present the pipeline through PDMS and conduct collision test. When a pipe collision occurs, it is necessary to go back to the matrix of the mathematical pipeline model to modify and complete an iteration.
另外，有以最短管長及最少彎管數為設計目標函數運用基因演算法，反覆搜尋最佳值，以達節省造船設計時間 及降低製造成本。其中直交管線佈置方法(Orthogonal Routing Method)，從已知起點與終點，自動在三維空間中以相鄰二管段間均成直角的方式佈置管路，而以最少肘管數之路徑為優先考量之路徑。In addition, using the shortest tube length and the minimum number of bends as the design objective function, the gene algorithm is used to search for the best value repeatedly to save the shipbuilding design time. And reduce manufacturing costs. The Orthogonal Routing Method automatically arranges the pipelines in a three-dimensional space in a three-dimensional space at right angles to each other from the known starting point and the end point, and the path with the least number of elbows is taken as a priority. path.
在最短管長與最少肘管數之外，有自動讓管件沿著結構面佈置的沿面管路佈置方法(Surface Routing Method)，以減少管件因懸空而產生振動，利於管支架之安置與設計為考量。其後有探討沿著結構面佈置管路時的避碰功能。In addition to the shortest pipe length and the minimum number of elbows, there is a Surface Routing Method that automatically arranges the pipe along the structural plane to reduce the vibration of the pipe due to the suspension, which is beneficial to the placement and design of the pipe bracket. . Later, there is a discussion of the collision avoidance function when the pipeline is arranged along the structural plane.
以上研究所發展之佈管方法均為單一管件為考量，尚無運用於管群佈置。此外，在管路佈置實務中，最短總管長或最少肘管數不是船廠在管路佈置時常考量的主要因宿，而是管路系統功能是否能達到設計規範的要求(譬如冷卻水流量)，工作人員操作保養是否安全與簡易，及設計時程是否能掌握。管路佈置管群化以及自動化有降低設計工時、節省管支架材料等功能，故對管群化設計及自動化做發明有其必要利益。因此，本發明提供一個嶄新的管路佈置自動化方法以解決上述問題。The pipe-laying methods developed by the above research institutes are all considered as single pipe fittings, and have not been applied to pipe cluster layout. In addition, in the pipeline layout practice, the shortest total pipe length or the minimum number of elbow pipes is not the main factor that the shipyard often considers when piping layout, but whether the piping system function can meet the requirements of design specifications (such as cooling water flow). Whether the staff is safe and easy to operate and maintain, and whether the design time can be mastered. Pipeline layout tube grouping and automation have the functions of reducing design man-hours and saving pipe bracket materials, so it is necessary to invent the tube group design and automation. Accordingly, the present invention provides a new automated method of piping arrangement to solve the above problems.
有鑑於此，本發明之主要目的在於提供一種以既定管路通道空間為基礎的管路佈置自動化方法。本發明之方法係將一管群設計規則及考量予以電腦模式化，並寫成電腦程式，並在指定管路起訖點之後，自動找尋可以利用之管群，進而架構出不同的管路路徑，經由選擇較理想之管路路徑而完成管路設計以及管路佈置管群化。In view of this, the main object of the present invention is to provide an automated method of piping arrangement based on a given pipeline passage space. The method of the present invention computerizes a tube group design rule and consideration, and writes it into a computer program, and automatically finds a group of tubes that can be used after the specified pipeline starting point, thereby constructing different pipeline paths through Select the ideal pipeline path to complete the pipeline design and pipeline layout.
本發明之管路佈置自動化方法，包含底下之步驟：首先，選擇可以與起始點相連接的一起始管群，以及選擇可以與終點相連接的一目標管群；然後，利用一管群路徑搜尋方法尋找自起始管群可以到達目標管群的管群路徑；接著，利用管件水平安全間距計算方法以及邊運算子，確定(a)新管件在所經管群內之位置，以及(b)管群間連接管路路徑資訊，以完成自起始點到終點的數組新管路路徑資訊；之後，建立一電腦繪圖軟體之管路模型檔；最後，將管路模型檔載入該軟體，以顯示新管件與既有管路在機艙之立體模型，以選擇較佳之新管路路徑。The pipeline layout automation method of the present invention comprises the following steps: first, selecting a starting pipe group that can be connected to the starting point, and selecting a target pipe group that can be connected to the end point; and then using a pipe group path The search method finds the pipe group path from the initial pipe group to the target pipe group; and then, using the pipe horizontal safety distance calculation method and the edge operator, determines (a) the position of the new pipe in the pipe group, and (b) The pipeline path information is connected between the groups to complete the information of the new pipeline path from the starting point to the end point; after that, a pipeline model file of the computer drawing software is established; finally, the pipeline model file is loaded into the software. A three-dimensional model of the new pipe and the existing pipe in the nacelle is displayed to select a better new pipe path.
本發明之管路佈置自動化方法，更包括輸入擬佈置之管路空間內既有管路的資訊，建立管群內之既有管路資訊，以及建立機艙電腦模型之步驟。The pipeline layout automation method of the invention further comprises inputting information of existing pipelines in the pipeline space to be arranged, establishing existing pipeline information in the pipeline group, and establishing steps of the cabin computer model.
上述選擇較佳之該新管路路徑係藉由考量該新管路路徑之製造成本或壓力總損失來決定。The preferred selection of the new piping path is determined by considering the manufacturing cost or total pressure loss of the new piping path.
上述管群路徑搜尋方法包括底下之步驟：自起始管群開始搜尋，起始管群為母管群，尋找其子管群，若子管群非目標管群且不符合Stop條件，則將該母管群及子管群列入待搜尋管群路徑；以待搜尋管群路徑中最後一個管群為母管群，尋找其子管群，若該子管群非目標管群且不符合Stop條件，則將該子管群列入待搜尋管群路徑最後一個節點，繼續搜尋直到所有管群路徑之路徑搜尋狀態為Succeed(成功到達目標管群)或Stopped，而終止管群路徑之搜尋；以及，將成功到達目標管群的路徑逐一比較，選擇經 過較少管群的幾個管群路徑，輸出做為計算管路詳細位置之依據。The above-mentioned pipe group path searching method includes the following steps: starting from the initial pipe group, starting the pipe group as the parent pipe group, searching for the child pipe group, and if the child pipe group is not the target pipe group and does not meet the Stop condition, The parent group and the sub-pipe group are included in the to-be-searched group path; the last group in the to-be-searched group path is the parent group, and the child group is found. If the sub-group is not the target group and does not meet the Stop Condition, the sub-pipe group is included in the last node of the to-be-searched group path, and the search is continued until the path search status of all the group path is Succeed (successfully reached the target group) or Stopped, and the search of the group path is terminated; And, the paths that successfully reach the target group are compared one by one, and the selection is The output of several pipe groups with fewer pipe groups is used as the basis for calculating the detailed position of the pipe.
上述Stop條件包括底下之狀況之一：(1).到達某一子管群，以其為母管群時無任何子管群；(2).到達某一子管群但是該子管群已經在目前搜尋的管群路徑當中；以及，(3).到達某一子管群其管群區域比目標管群區域更低(或更高)因而後來在到達目標管群時會產生路徑方向與高往低搜尋方向(或低往高搜尋方向)相違背的狀況。The above Stop condition includes one of the following conditions: (1). When a certain sub-pipe group is reached, there is no sub-pipe group when it is a parent group; (2). A sub-pipe group is reached but the sub-pipe group has Among the currently searched cluster paths; and, (3). reaching a sub-pipe group whose tube group area is lower (or higher) than the target tube group area, and then the path direction is generated when the target tube group is reached. High to low search direction (or low to high search direction) is contrary to the situation.
為使本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵、和優點能更明顯易懂，本文舉較佳實施例，並配合所附圖式作詳細說明如下，然下述各實施例只做一說明非用以限定本發明。The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and understood. To limit the invention.
在本發明之中，提供一以既定管路通道空間為基礎的管路佈置自動化方法。然而熟悉本技術之人士可以了解本發明不受管件直徑大小之限制。在一較佳實施例中，本發明包括一個機艙管路佈置自動化的方法。In the present invention, an automated method of piping arrangement based on a given conduit passage space is provided. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited by the size of the tubular member. In a preferred embodiment, the invention includes a method of automated cabin layout.
本發明之機艙管路佈置自動化的方法係一種對安置於多個空間裡、相互連通的長方體管路通道，經由三維管群路徑搜尋(Spatial Graph Search)與邊運算子(Edge Operator)而確定管路路徑的管路佈置方法。The method for automating the cabin layout of the present invention is a cuboid pipeline channel disposed in a plurality of spaces and connected to each other, and the tube is determined through a three-dimensional pipeline search (Spatial Graph Search) and an edge operator (Edge Operator). The piping layout method of the road path.
本發明之方法首先將可容納平行管路的長方體(稱為管群空間)在擬設計之空間裡的位置確定後(如第三十五(a)圖所示)，將哪些管群空間之間可以有管路相連接亦定義好，然後把管群空間當作節點(Node)、管群空間的連接關 係當作邊(Edge)，而形成管群圖形(Pipe Trunk Graph)(如第二十一圖所示)。接近新管路起點之管群空間定義為「起使管群」，接近新管路終點之管群空間定義為「目標管群」，在管群圖形內搜尋連接起使管群與目標管群、經過較少管群空間的數個「跨管群路徑」(如第二十一圖所示)，根據此跨管群路徑、管群空間內既有管路、管群空間之寬度極限、以及邊運算子決定數個新管路之詳細路徑，透過電腦輔助繪圖系統顯示各新管路之立體模型(如第三十八圖所示)。The method of the present invention first determines the position of the cuboid (referred to as the tube group space) that can accommodate the parallel pipeline in the space to be designed (as shown in the thirty-fifth (a) diagram), which group space The pipeline connection can also be defined, and then the pipe group space is regarded as the connection between the node and the pipe group space. It is used as an edge to form a Pipe Trunk Graph (as shown in Figure 21). The pipe group space close to the starting point of the new pipe is defined as the “starting pipe group”, and the pipe group space near the end point of the new pipe is defined as the “target group group”, and the pipe group and the target pipe group are searched for in the pipe group graph. Through several "cross-pipe group paths" (as shown in Figure 21) with less pipe group space, according to the cross-pipe group path, the width limit of the existing pipe and pipe group space in the pipe group space, And the edge operator determines the detailed path of several new pipelines, and displays the three-dimensional model of each new pipeline through the computer-aided drawing system (as shown in Figure 38).
本發明之管路佈置自動化方法是建立在以下五項基礎之上：(1)把船廠常用之管群佈置實務規範整合入管路佈置方法，將管群以一個線段及高區與低區兩個寬度來敘述；(2)用節點代表管群，根據管群間的連接關係，建立電腦化管群圖形，運用“考量高度屬性之寬度優先搜尋方法”搜尋出管群路徑；(3)運用管件序列紀錄管群內新舊管件之位置，用“邊運算子”推算管群間的管路詳細位置；(4)運用電腦程式產生新管路的電腦繪圖軟體(譬如PDMS)之立體模型輸入檔；(5)讓工程師在PDMS電腦環境裡觀察所搜尋到的數個新管路立體模型，選擇較佳之路徑，而完成一個管路之設計。The pipeline layout automation method of the invention is based on the following five items: (1) integrating the pipeline group layout practice norms commonly used by the shipyard into the pipeline layout method, and the pipeline group is divided into one line segment and two high and low zones. Width is described; (2) Nodes are used to represent the group, and according to the connection relationship between the groups, computerized tube group graphics are established, and the pipe group path is searched by using the "width-first search method for height attributes"; (3) Pipe fittings are used. The position of the new and old pipe fittings in the sequence is recorded, and the detailed position of the pipe between the pipe groups is estimated by the "edge operator"; (4) the three-dimensional model input file of the computer drawing software (such as PDMS) that uses the computer program to generate new pipes. (5) Let the engineer observe the several new pipeline stereo models found in the PDMS computer environment, select the better path, and complete the design of a pipeline.
本發明之以管群為基礎的管路佈置自動化方法，其中主要分成以下五個主要步驟：The tube group-based pipeline layout automation method of the present invention is mainly divided into the following five main steps:
1.認識與分析造船廠對管群化設計之需求與規範：整理管群特質與參數，以便建立管群之數學與電腦模型。1. Recognize and analyze the shipyard's requirements and norms for the management of the group: organize the characteristics and parameters of the group to establish the mathematical and computer models of the group.
2.建立管群之數學模式：運用數學關係敘述機艙管群，以便做管路內管路之佈置。2. Establish a mathematical model of the management group: use the mathematical relationship to describe the cabin cluster, in order to make the arrangement of the pipelines in the pipeline.
3.建立管群連接關係之電腦模式：敘述(或電腦化)機艙管路連接關係之方法。3. Establish a computer model of the connection relationship of the management group: a method of describing (or computerizing) the connection relationship of the cabin piping.
4.建立決定管群路徑、管路路徑之方法：發展Graph尋方法以及決定管路詳細路徑之方法。4. Establish methods to determine the group path and pipeline path: develop the Graph search method and the method of determining the detailed path of the pipeline.
5.建立管路觀察工具，以便選擇較佳路徑：選用PDMS做為顯示所建立之新管路路徑的工具。5. Establish a pipeline inspection tool to select the preferred path: Use PDMS as a tool to display the new pipeline path established.
一般管路設計以結構為主要背景。由於船體形狀較為特殊，無法像陸地上之工程(例如石油化工廠)之空間規則極單純。在機艙內部之甲板100結構下(Deck Under)常見的規劃順序是：由上而下分別為電纜(Cable Tray)101、管路(Piping)、風管(Vent)102及裝備(Equipment)103等，如第一圖所示。其中電纜101位於結構下方及管群104(例如：左右向管群或Type B-T艏艉向管群)上方之位置，主要功能是可以集中電纜101於適當之路徑，利用電纜101架於結構下一定之高度佈置路徑，因距離結構近，電纜支架固定較容易。The general piping design has a structure as the main background. Due to the special shape of the hull, the space rules for projects on land (such as petrochemical plants) are simply simple. The common planning sequence under the deck structure of the cabin (Deck Under) is: Cable Tray 101, Piping, Vent 102 and Equipment 103 from top to bottom. As shown in the first figure. The cable 101 is located below the structure and above the tube group 104 (for example, the left and right tube group or the Type BT channel group). The main function is to concentrate the cable 101 on the appropriate path, and use the cable 101 to frame the structure. The height is arranged in a path, and the cable bracket is relatively easy to fix due to the close distance structure.
由於船段(Block)進行艤品安裝時第一階段(A工程)為反向放置船段如第二圖所示，當管件105及風管102安裝完成後反轉船段106(第二階段或B工程)才安裝電纜線101及甲板100上之裝備103，如第三圖所示。The first stage (A project) is the reverse placement of the ship segment due to the installation of the product. As shown in the second figure, when the pipe fitting 105 and the air duct 102 are installed, the ship segment 106 is reversed (the second stage). Or the B project) installs the cable 101 and the equipment 103 on the deck 100, as shown in the third figure.
另外，風管102主要之功能為供給裝備103之冷卻或散熱用空氣，其佈置原則為風管102出口位於管件105下 方，且盡可能避免管件105阻礙通風而影響裝備103之散熱功能。至於裝備103，一般安排放置在結構上(Above Deck)，其與管件105連接大多以可拆式之接頭(Nozzle)方式連接。In addition, the main function of the air duct 102 is the cooling or cooling air supplied to the equipment 103, and the arrangement principle is that the outlet of the air duct 102 is located under the pipe 105. Moreover, as far as possible, the tube 105 is prevented from obstructing ventilation and affecting the heat dissipation function of the equipment 103. As for the equipment 103, it is generally arranged to be placed on the structure (Above Deck), and the connection with the pipe member 105 is mostly connected by a detachable joint (Nozzle).
一般而言，管件105佈置之高度範圍介於電纜101與風管102之間，其位於電纜101下方之優點在於要避開結構(例如結構Frame之開孔)及對電纜101可能產生的潛在危險(尤其是造船法規之限制)，另管件105位於風管102上方，除了可以避免妨礙通風以及散熱之外，風管102之出口也才可能接近裝備103，同時可考慮與風管102共用管支架以節省材料。In general, the height of the tube 105 is arranged between the cable 101 and the duct 102. The advantage of being located below the cable 101 is that it avoids structures (such as the opening of the structure Frame) and potential danger to the cable 101. (especially the limitation of shipbuilding regulations), the other pipe fitting 105 is located above the air duct 102. In addition to avoiding obstruction of ventilation and heat dissipation, the outlet of the air duct 102 may also be close to the equipment 103, and it is considered to share the pipe bracket with the air duct 102. To save material.
此外，本發明之管群佈置排列之方向可以在機艙以船體中心線(Center Line)為參考基準，而管群佈置的方向可分為下列三種，請參考第四圖：In addition, the direction of the arrangement of the tube group of the present invention can be referenced to the center line of the hull in the nacelle, and the direction of the arrangement of the tube group can be divided into the following three types, please refer to the fourth figure:
1.前後向管群(After-Forward Pipe Trunk)104c：簡稱AF Trunk，亦可稱為艏艉向管群104c，係以船體(Hull)107之前後方向(縱向)為佈置設計之管群。1. After-Forward Pipe Trunk 104c: referred to as AF Trunk, also known as the slewing tube group 104c, is a tube group designed in the front and rear direction (longitudinal direction) of the hull (Hull) 107. .
2.左右向管群(Starboard Side-Portside Pipe Trunk)104b：簡稱SP Trunk，係以船體107之左右方向(橫向)為佈置設計之管群。2. Starboard Side-Portside Pipe Trunk 104b: referred to as SP Trunk, which is a tube group designed in the left-right direction (horizontal direction) of the hull 107.
3.上下垂直管群(Up-Down Pipe Trunk)104a：簡稱UD Trunk，係以船體107之上下方向(垂直方向)、介於上下兩層甲板(Deck)間的管群。3. Up-Down Pipe Trunk 104a: referred to as UD Trunk, is a group of tubes between the upper and lower decks (Deck) in the upper and lower directions (vertical direction) of the hull 107.
舉一實施例而言，本發明之機艙內管群佈置的常規在 於前後(艏艉)向及左右向管群之高度佈置，可遷就於船體結構之外型。以船體之結構而言，前後方向(Longitudinal)之結構高度較左右方向Frame之高度為高，管群佈置高度(相對於Baseline)則以前後方向低，而左右方向高度高，如第一圖所示。In one embodiment, the conventional arrangement of the inner tube group of the present invention is It is arranged at the height of the front and rear (艏艉) and left and right tube groups, and can be moved outside the hull structure. In terms of the structure of the hull, the height of the longitudinal direction is higher than the height of the frame in the left and right direction, and the height of the tube group (relative to Baseline) is lower in the front and rear directions, and the height in the left and right directions is high, as shown in the first figure. Shown.
此外，管群佈置高度考慮之原則為：前後方向管群，因與Frame成垂直方向，為了避免對Frame結構開孔，管件須避開結構而降低其位置。另左右向管群高度之佈置則位於電纜及Frame結構底部之間，亦即位於電纜下方及前後方向管群之上方。如此佈置管群之優點是可以節省管支架的材料及減少對結構之開孔。In addition, the principle of tube group height consideration is: the front and rear direction tube group, due to the vertical direction with the Frame, in order to avoid opening the frame structure, the pipe member should avoid the structure and reduce its position. The arrangement of the height of the left and right tube groups is between the cable and the bottom of the frame structure, that is, below the cable and above the front and rear direction tube groups. The advantage of arranging the tube group in this way is that the material of the tube holder can be saved and the opening of the structure can be reduced.
再者，本發明之管群佈置設計之角色、功用、與重要性在於：Furthermore, the role, utility, and importance of the tube group layout design of the present invention are:
(1).在機艙佈置階段的功用-佈置管群路徑，預留管路空間：機艙佈置(Machine Arrangement)設計是初步設計裡的一項重要工作，其主要設計內容為機艙內部各項主副機、油水櫃大約擺設的位置；各層主要交通範圍；機器維修保養空間；通風與主機電機排氣管路之大略路徑等。雖然在此階段僅有幾項主要裝備(例如主機(Main Engine)、發電機、鍋爐等)的廠家圖可供參考，然而機艙佈置設計將會決定(或影響)機艙各層甲板及船體加強材(Web Frame)的高度與所需之強度。(1). Function in the engine room layout stage - arranging the pipe group path, reserved pipe space: Machine Arrangement design is an important work in the preliminary design, and its main design content is the main and internal parts of the engine room. The location of the machine and the oil water tank; the main traffic range of each floor; the space for machine maintenance and repair; the general path of ventilation and the exhaust pipe of the host motor. Although there are only a few factory drawings (such as Main Engine, Generator, Boiler, etc.) for reference at this stage, the cabin layout design will determine (or affect) all decks and hull reinforcements in the cabin. The height of the (Web Frame) and the required strength.
若在機艙佈置設計也能考慮管路佈置管群化，大略的規劃管群的位置、寬度、與高度，預留管件可能經過或佔 用的空間；除了可以正確知道因管群而開設的機艙結構件開孔、因避讓管群而需做的機艙結構件之變更或強化設計等，更重要的是，由於大部分中、小尺寸之管件均可以佈置在管群裡，預先佈置管群空間，將可以降低未來(在機艙佈置以後)發生管路與船體結構及裝備干擾之機會。If the layout design of the engine room can also consider the clustering of the pipeline layout, the location, width, and height of the planned management group may be reserved or occupied. Space used; in addition to correctly understanding the opening of the engine room structure due to the pipe group, the change of the structure of the engine room required to avoid the pipe group or the reinforcement design, more importantly, due to most of the medium and small size The pipe fittings can be arranged in the pipe group, and the pre-arranged pipe group space can reduce the chance of pipeline and hull structure and equipment interference in the future (after the engine room is arranged).
(2).在綜合構想設計階段的功用-管件路徑的參考依據：船舶機艙區常被劃分為多個船段進行設計與製造，如第五圖所示(其包括4個船段)，每個船段可分為甲板上與甲板下的管路佈置設計，分別由不同的設計者負責細部佈置管路。在設計順序上，當在替甲板上的裝備進行細部管路設計的時候，對在甲板下的管件佈置，則可以由3~5位工程人員同時進行管路綜合構想設計。(2). Function in the comprehensive concept design stage - Reference basis for the pipe path: The ship cabin area is often divided into multiple sections for design and manufacture, as shown in the fifth figure (which includes 4 sections), each The sections can be divided into the layout of the pipelines on the deck and under the deck, and the different designers are responsible for the detailed arrangement of the pipelines. In the design sequence, when the detailed piping design is carried out on the equipment on the deck, the piping layout under the deck can be simultaneously designed by 3 to 5 engineers.
若在(前述)機艙佈置階段已規劃出管群路徑，設計者在綜合構想設計初期，先將管群或管路佈置需要考量的重要項目諸如裝備、電纜、風管、及主要通道等電腦模型加入機艙的模型裡。確認(或微幅修訂)已安排規劃之管群路徑及大小，以確保管群已經避開電纜、風管、與船體結構等，然後進行管路綜合構想設計之後續工作。If the pipe group path has been planned in the (previous) engine room layout stage, the designer will first arrange the pipe group or pipeline to consider important items such as equipment, cables, ducts, and main passages. Join the model in the cabin. Confirmation (or minor revision) has planned the path and size of the management group to ensure that the pipeline group has avoided cables, ducts, and hull structures, and then follow-up work on the comprehensive design of the pipeline.
在管路綜合構想設計工作裡，工程師可以藉由運用本發明之管路佈置管群化電腦程式，以進行整體機艙管路之詳細路徑佈置：其中僅需輸入管路起、迄點之位置，透過電腦搜尋連接該起、迄點管路的多個佈置路徑，再從其中選擇較理想之路徑；如此一來，(在初步設計階段)管群路徑之規劃、(在管路綜合構想設計階段)管路佈置管群化， 即建構了新的管路設計功能：(1)規範管路路徑佈置；(2)一次規劃出跨船段的管路路徑；(3)避免管件漫無限制的佈置而與其他物件相干擾。進而讓從事管路設計之下游工作者(在管路細部設計階段)僅對管路進行細部尺寸之微調，而不必進行大幅度的路徑修訂考量，減少設計者之思考時間及協調工作，避免管件與管件之間的碰撞與干擾等。In the pipeline design conception work, the engineer can use the pipeline layout group computer program of the present invention to perform the detailed path arrangement of the overall cabin pipeline: only the position of the pipeline start and exit points needs to be input. Through the computer to search for a plurality of layout paths connecting the starting and ending points, and then select the ideal path; thus, (in the preliminary design stage) planning of the group path, (in the pipeline comprehensive concept design stage) Pipeline layout tube grouping, That is to construct a new pipeline design function: (1) standardize the pipeline routing; (2) plan the pipeline path across the ship at a time; (3) avoid the unrestricted arrangement of the pipe and interfere with other objects. In turn, the downstream workers engaged in pipeline design (in the detailed design stage of the pipeline) only fine-tune the details of the pipeline without having to make large path revision considerations, reducing the designer's thinking time and coordination, and avoiding the fittings. Collisions and interferences with the pipe fittings.
底下敘述本發明之管路佈置管群化之基礎The basis of the pipeline layout tube grouping of the present invention is described below.
在佈置管路路徑時以經過既有管群(Pipe Trunk)為主要考量之方法，以及架構此方法的關鍵子方法與模組。其中管路相關名詞及其定義包括：彎管元件(Pipe Bending Element)：改變管路方向的基本元件，例如Elbow、Tee；管段(Pipe Segment)：管段是一段直管，不含其他元件(例如鋼管或鐵管素材)；管件(Pipe)：由多數個法蘭及管段組合成一個管件；管群(Pipe Trunk)：在機艙中管群為多數個平行之管段安置在同一層(Layer)，有相同之管面高度，使用共同的管支架(Support)；管路系統(Piping System)：管路系統為單一系統的管路，其內容以簡圖示意各裝備(Equipment)間，管路連接所用之口徑、系統符號及控制儀表等基本規格連接圖(例如淡水管路系統)；管路系統圖(Piping Diagram)：管路系統圖是由多數個單一系統組合而成的，做為實際管路細部佈置設計時，設計工程師所依循的工作標準及規範(例如在船舶上有機艙管路系統圖、艤裝管路系統圖及室裝管路系統圖)。The method of arranging the pipeline path is mainly based on the existing pipe group (Pipe Trunk), and the key sub-methods and modules for constructing this method. Pipeline related terms and definitions include: Pipe Bending Element: basic components that change the direction of the pipe, such as Elbow, Tee; Pipe Segment: The pipe segment is a straight pipe without other components (for example) Pipe or pipe material); Pipe: A combination of a plurality of flanges and pipe sections into a pipe; Pipe Trunk: In the engine room, the pipe group is placed in the same layer as a plurality of parallel pipe sections. Have the same pipe height, use the common pipe support (Support); Piping System: the pipeline system is a single system of pipelines, the contents of which are shown in a simplified diagram between the equipment, the pipeline Basic specifications such as caliber, system symbol and control instrument for connection (such as fresh water pipeline system); Piping Diagram: Piping system diagram is a combination of many single systems, as actual The design standards and specifications that the design engineer follows when designing the detailed arrangement of the pipeline (for example, the piping diagram of the organic tank on the ship, the piping system diagram and the piping system diagram).
底下敘述本發明之管群模型，管群(Pipe Trunk)是一個可以支撐一列平行管段的結構體，其外形可以為矩形，舉例而言管群可以視為一個扁平的長盒子。各管群有一個參考線(Reference Line)126，定義管群的兩個端點及管群之長度。在垂直於參考線126(但與管支架平行)的兩個方向可以放置管段，分別稱為低區(Low-bound)方向和高區(High-bound)方向，如第六圖所示，管群在低區124和高區122兩方向之寬度可依實際情況或設計者所需而為一定之常數，但二者不一相等。The tube group model of the present invention is described below. A pipe plex is a structure that can support a column of parallel pipe segments, and its shape can be rectangular. For example, the pipe group can be regarded as a flat long box. Each tube group has a Reference Line 126 that defines the two endpoints of the tube group and the length of the tube group. The tube segments can be placed in two directions perpendicular to the reference line 126 (but parallel to the tube holder), referred to as the Low-bound direction and the High-bound direction, respectively, as shown in the sixth figure. The width of the group in both the low zone 124 and the high zone 122 may be constant according to the actual situation or the designer's needs, but the two are not equal.
在本發明之中，於前後向之管群及垂直管群內，管段參考線126之y座標值較小之側定為低區124，反之為高區122。同樣地，對於左右向之管群而言，管群參考線之x座標值較小之側為低區，反之為高區。舉例而言，如第七圖所示，圖中深色箭頭方向表示低區，淺色箭頭方向表示高區。In the present invention, in the forward and backward tube group and the vertical tube group, the side of the tube segment reference line 126 having the smaller y coordinate value is defined as the low region 124, and vice versa. Similarly, for the left and right tube groups, the side of the tube group reference line whose x coordinate value is smaller is the low area, and vice versa. For example, as shown in the seventh figure, the direction of the dark arrow in the figure indicates the low area, and the direction of the light arrow indicates the high area.
在管群內每一個管件佔用一定之寬度(取決於管徑之大小)，故可以想像管段是放在管群方盒內一定寬度之凹槽(Slot)內，如第八(a)圖所示，其為一個單層管群內管路之實際佈置。換言之，若以管群凹槽觀念來呈現此管群內之佈置，則如第八(b)圖所示。其中黑點表示管件中心(已被管件使用之凹槽)，右側灰色長方形區域則為管群中空餘之空間(可***新管件)。Each tube in the tube group occupies a certain width (depending on the diameter of the tube), so it is conceivable that the tube segment is placed in a groove of a certain width in the square box of the tube group, as shown in the eighth (a) It is shown as the actual arrangement of the pipes in a single-layer pipe group. In other words, if the arrangement within the tube group is presented in the concept of a tube group groove, it is as shown in the eighth (b). The black dot indicates the center of the pipe fitting (the groove that has been used by the pipe fitting), and the gray rectangular area on the right side is the space left by the pipe group (the new pipe fitting can be inserted).
本發明之管群資料結構為管群佈置電腦化運作時之重要項目。如第九(a)圖所示，其為單層管群的佈置情形，其中高區有5根管件(5個凹槽)，低區無任何管件。管群資料必須能紀錄各管件之位置並推算管群剩餘空間。The pipe group data structure of the present invention is an important item when the pipe group is arranged to be computerized. As shown in the ninth (a) figure, it is a layout of a single-layer tube group, in which the high area has 5 tubes (5 grooves), and the low portion has no tubes. The pipe group data must be able to record the position of each pipe fitting and estimate the remaining space of the pipe group.
舉一實施例而言，本發明利用序列(Ordered Link List)的資料結構來記錄管群資料。機艙之全部管群紀錄於一個管群列(Pipe Trunk List)，如第九(b)圖所示，其中白色立體方塊代表一層管群。對各層管群分別記錄管群編號、參考線之座標、低區寬度、高區寬度、及新管線優先填入之選擇(低區優先則為-1，高區優先則為+1)，請參考第九(c)圖。對位於管群內之每一管件，如第九(d)圖所示，將記錄其編號、直徑、起訖端點之座標。其中靠近管群邊界之管件其儲存位置較遠離參考線。In one embodiment, the present invention utilizes the data structure of the Ordered Link List to record the cluster data. The entire cluster of the cabin is recorded in a Pipe Trunk List, as shown in Figure IX (b), where the white cubes represent a layer of tubes. Record the group number, the coordinates of the reference line, the width of the low zone, the width of the high zone, and the priority of the new pipeline for each layer of the pipe group (the low zone priority is -1, the high zone priority is +1), please Refer to Figure 9(c). For each pipe located in the pipe group, as shown in the ninth (d) diagram, the coordinates of the number, diameter, and the end point of the crepe will be recorded. The pipe fittings near the boundary of the pipe group are stored farther away from the reference line.
此外，本發明之管群內管件之佈置形式包括：管群內之管段可以佈置在不同高度，而形成多個管層(Layer)，舉例而言，設定管群之層數為最多兩層。雙層管群其上下兩層之寬度為相同，層與層之間保持著一定之距離，管件在同一層管群內平行排列在一起，使用同一管支架。同一層內各管件底部(Bottom)或頂部(Top)貼齊管支架，而有Type B與Type T兩種架設方法。如第十圖所示，其為一個雙層管群之剖面圖，其上層為Type B，下層為Type T。In addition, the arrangement of the tubular members in the tube group of the present invention includes that the tube segments in the tube group can be arranged at different heights to form a plurality of layers, for example, the number of layers of the tube group is at most two layers. The width of the upper and lower layers of the double-layer tube group is the same, and the layer and the layer are kept at a certain distance, and the tubes are arranged in parallel in the same layer of the tube group, and the same tube bracket is used. The bottom of each tube (Bottom) or top (Top) in the same layer is affixed to the tube holder, and there are two types of erection methods, Type B and Type T. As shown in the tenth figure, it is a sectional view of a double tube group, the upper layer is Type B, and the lower layer is Type T.
由於管群內之管段須以管支架固定，不同直徑之管段需貼齊管支架而形成同一管面高度(HPT )。以Type T為例， 如第十一圖所示，其顯示管群內不同管徑在同一管面之管件有不同之管中心高度(H1 與H2 )。Since the pipe sections in the pipe group must be fixed by pipe brackets, the pipe sections of different diameters need to be affixed to the pipe brackets to form the same pipe surface height (H PT ). Taking Type T as an example, as shown in Fig. 11, it shows that different pipe diameters in the pipe group have different pipe center heights (H 1 and H 2 ) in the same pipe surface.
舉例而言，台船公司管群排列型式150中常用的有六種，即Type T、Type B、Type T-T、Type B-B、Type T-B及Type B-T等。其中Type T及Type B為單層(layer)管群，其他四種為雙層管群，如第十二圖所示。For example, there are six types commonly used in the Taiwan ship company cluster arrangement type 150, namely Type T, Type B, Type T-T, Type B-B, Type T-B, and Type B-T. Type T and Type B are single layer clusters, and the other four are double layer clusters, as shown in Fig. 12.
再者，本發明之管件間之安全管距包括：當進行管路佈置設計時，在同一層相臨兩個管段之間在水平方向必須保持在一定的安全距離，以防止管件間的相互干擾。在決定安全距離時須考量管件是否使用絕緣材(Insulation Material)如保溫材料等。舉例而言，依台船公司管路設計準則管件安全距離(Ds)計算方法，如底下表一所示。Furthermore, the safety pipe spacing between the pipe fittings of the present invention includes: when piping layout design, a certain safety distance must be maintained in the horizontal direction between two adjacent pipe sections in the same layer to prevent mutual interference between the pipe fittings. . When determining the safety distance, it is necessary to consider whether the pipe fitting uses an insulating material such as an insulating material. For example, the calculation method of the pipe safety distance (Ds) according to the pipeline design criteria of the Taiwan Shipping Company is shown in Table 1 below.
在表一之中，r1、r2為管件之半徑，F1、F2為管件法蘭(Flange)的半徑，Ds為管件之安全管距，M為安全裕度(一般值為25mm)，請參考第十三圖。當二根相鄰管件之管徑相同，但管內流體工作壓力不相同時，通常壓力較高之管件其法蘭之直徑較大，例如30K65Φ法蘭直徑比5K65Φ法蘭直徑為大，此時需選擇較高之法蘭直徑用於決定Ds，例如表一中r1=r2但F1≠F2之情況。In Table 1, r1 and r2 are the radius of the pipe fittings, F1 and F2 are the radius of the pipe flange (Flange), Ds is the safety pipe spacing of the pipe fittings, and M is the safety margin (generally 25 mm), please refer to Thirteen pictures. When the diameters of the two adjacent pipe fittings are the same, but the working pressure of the fluid in the pipe is not the same, the diameter of the flange of the pipe with a higher pressure is usually larger. For example, the diameter of the flange of the 30K65Φ flange is larger than the diameter of the flange of 5K65Φ. The higher flange diameter is chosen to determine Ds, for example in the case of r1=r2 but F1≠F2 in Table 1.
此外，本發明之單層管群之安全高度距離(HNS )係指Type B管群第一層與船體結構間之淨空間高度，如第十四圖所示。安全高度距離(HNS )決定因素為該層中最大管件法蘭的直徑(DF )max加上安全裕度(HM )。即HNS ≧(DF )max+HM (HM =25mm)In addition, the safe height distance (H NS ) of the single-layer pipe group of the present invention refers to the clear space height between the first layer of the Type B pipe group and the hull structure, as shown in FIG. The safe height distance (H NS ) is determined by the diameter (D F )max of the largest fitting flange in the layer plus the safety margin (H M ). That is, H NS ≧(D F )max+H M (H M =25mm)
雙層管群之安全高度距離(HNS )依管群型式有不同之求法，例如第十五圖所示(管群Type T-T)，其安全高度距離為管群第一層與第二層之淨空間的高度值，以第一層中最大管件之法蘭直徑加上安全裕度，即HNS ≧(DF )max+HM 。另外，例如第十六圖所示(管群Type B-B)，其安全高度距離(HNS )有兩組，即船體結構與第一層中最大管件之法蘭直徑(DF1 )max加上安全裕度(HM )，另一組為第一層與第二層之淨空間(第十六圖所示)，其安全高度距離(HNS )為第二層中最大管件之法蘭直徑(DF2 )max加上安全裕度(HM )。The safety height distance (H NS ) of the double-layer pipe group has different methods depending on the pipe group type, for example, as shown in the fifteenth figure (tube group Type TT), the safety height distance is the first layer and the second layer of the pipe group. The height of the net space, plus the safety margin of the flange diameter of the largest pipe in the first layer, ie H NS ≧(D F )max+H M . In addition, for example, as shown in Fig. 16 (tube group Type BB), there are two sets of safety height distances (H NS ), that is, the flange diameter (D F1 )max of the hull structure and the largest pipe fitting in the first layer plus Safety margin (H M ), the other is the clear space of the first and second layers (shown in Figure 16), and the safety height distance (H NS ) is the flange diameter of the largest pipe in the second layer. (D F2 )max plus safety margin (H M ).
雙層管群Type T-B之安全高度距離之計算方法較特 殊，如第十七圖所示，由於兩層之管件排列上下相向，其值至少要大於或等於將第一層與第二層各自最大管徑之法蘭直徑相加之和，即HNS ≧(DF1 )max+(DF2 )maxThe calculation method of the safe height distance of the double-tube group Type TB is special. As shown in the seventeenth figure, since the two-layer pipe fittings are arranged up and down, the value is at least greater than or equal to the maximum of the first layer and the second layer. The sum of the flange diameters of the pipe diameters, ie H NS ≧(D F1 )max+(D F2 )max
底下說明本發明之水平管群的高度差異，例如以橫向結構為主體之船舶，其橫向船體結構材較縱向加強材169之尺寸(或深度)為大，因此在機艙甲板下的艏艉向(x方向)管群的高度一般比左右向(y方向)的管群為低。The height difference of the horizontal pipe group of the present invention is illustrated below. For example, a ship with a transverse structure as its main body has a lateral hull structural material that is larger in size (or depth) than the longitudinal reinforcing member 169, and therefore has a slanting direction under the nacelle deck. The height of the (x-direction) tube group is generally lower than that of the tube group in the left-right direction (y-direction).
以單層管群Type B為例，如第十八圖所示，圖中T型的Gird結構比L型加強材結構為大，左右向的管群位於縱向最大加強材(HL )169的下方，以防止與加強材碰撞，故左右向管群164參考線距離甲板最少的高度HSP 為HSP =(HL )+HNS ，其中HNS 單層管群之安全高度。另外，為避免管群貫穿船體結構，艏艉向管群166位於橫向主Frame(又稱Web)之下，所以艏艉向管群166參考線距離甲板最少的高度HAF 為HAF =(HF )+HNS 。Taking the single-layer tube group Type B as an example, as shown in the eighteenth figure, the T-type Gird structure in the figure is larger than the L-type reinforcing material structure, and the left-right tube group is located in the longitudinal maximum reinforcing material (H L ) 169. Below, to prevent collision with the reinforcing material, the minimum height H SP of the reference line 164 from the deck to the deck is H SP = (H L ) + H NS , where the safety height of the H NS single-layer tube group. In addition, in order to avoid the tube group penetrating the hull structure, the gimmick tube group 166 is located under the horizontal main frame (also called Web), so the 参考 to the tube group 166 reference line is the minimum height from the deck H AF is H AF = ( H F )+H NS .
舉例而言，一艘台船公司所建造之174630 DWT散裝船，其機艙第二層甲板(Second Deck)之高度為17700mm(相對於Base Line)，該船HL 為800mm，HF 為1200mm，如第十八圖所示。因此，位在該甲板下方的單層Type B水平左右向(x方向)管群內100Φ之管線，其中心線高度是16732mm(亦即17700-800-25-200+57，其中25為安全距離，200為DF ，57為100Φ管件之半徑)，而前後向管群內 100Φ管線中心線之高度是16332mm(亦即17700-1200-25-200+57)。For example, a 174630 DWT bulk carrier built by a Taiwan shipping company has a second deck (Second Deck) with a height of 17700 mm (relative to the Base Line). The ship has a H L of 800 mm and an H F of 1200 mm. As shown in Figure 18. Therefore, the single-layer Type B horizontally below the deck has a center line height of 16732mm (ie, 17700-800-25-200+57, where 17 is a safe distance). 200 is D F , 57 is the radius of 100 Φ pipe fittings, and the height of the center line of 100 Φ pipe in the forward and backward pipe group is 16332 mm (that is, 17700-1200-25-200+57).
另一方面，本發明之管群立體圖形(Pipe Trunk Spatial Graph)有利於了解管群路徑。管群路徑(Pipe Trunk Path)是自一個起始管群(Source Pipe Trunk)到達一個目標管群(Destination Pipe Trunk)所經過之管群路徑。起始管群是可以與一個擬設計之管件的起點(Source Point)相連接之管群，目標管群是可以與擬設計之管件的終點(Destination Point)相連接之管群。On the other hand, the Pipe Trunk Spatial Graph of the present invention facilitates understanding of the pipe group path. A Pipe Trunk Path is a pipe group path that passes from a Source Pipe Trunk to a Destination Pipe Trunk. The starting tube group is a group of tubes that can be connected to a source point of a pipe to be designed. The target tube group is a group of tubes that can be connected to the destination point of the pipe to be designed.
從管群路徑無法知悉管路的詳細位置，但是會知道該管路經過哪些管群。同一對起點與終點，可能會搜尋出多個管群路徑，經由一些條件的篩選(譬如經過的管群數或肘管數越少越好)，會找出可能較理想的管群路徑。The detailed location of the pipe is not known from the pipe group path, but it is known which pipe group the pipe passes through. For the same pair of start and end points, multiple cluster paths may be searched. If some conditions are selected (for example, the number of tubes or the number of elbows is as small as possible), the possible optimal group path will be found.
為了有效搜尋連接機艙內一對起點與終點的管群路徑，本發明將搜尋限制在自高處往低處搜尋，因而將機艙內管群依其所在地區(高度)做劃分，亦即管群區域之劃分，如第十九圖所示，其為一個具有三層甲板(上甲板172、第二甲板174以及第三甲板176)的機艙右舷的六個管群區(Pipe Trunk Level)A1-A6，此圖是從船艉向船艏看之剖面視圖(Section View)。其中C.L.(Center Line)為船體之中心線。管群路徑在偶數區(區域2等)之管群為水平方向，可以有艏艉向管群與左右向管群；奇數區(區域3等)之管群 為垂直方向。In order to effectively search for a group path connecting a pair of starting points and ending points in the cabin, the present invention limits the search from high to low, thus dividing the cabin inner tube group according to its area (height), that is, the group The division of the area, as shown in Figure 19, is a six-pipe area (Pipe Trunk Level) A1- on the starboard side of a cabin with three decks (upper deck 172, second deck 174 and third deck 176) A6, this picture is a section view from the bow to the bow. The C.L. (Center Line) is the centerline of the hull. The tube group path is in the horizontal direction in the even area (area 2, etc.), and there may be a branch group and a left and right tube group; the odd group (area 3, etc.) It is in the vertical direction.
本發明將機艙管群及其間之連接關係以圖形(Graph)來表示。一個管群被視為一個節點(Node)，管群與管群之間有管路可以相通者，其連接關係用邊(Edge)來表示。邊有單向(Unidirectional)及雙向(Bi-directional)兩種形式。位在同一個管群區內的水平管群之間的連接關係為雙向；分別位在相鄰管群區內的水平管群與垂直管群之間的連接為單向，其方向為自高管群區到低管群區。顯示圖形時，單向邊用箭頭表示，雙向邊用線段表示。The present invention expresses the cabin tube group and the connection relationship therebetween in a graph. A pipe group is regarded as a node, and there is a pipe between the pipe group and the pipe group, and the connection relationship is represented by an edge. There are two forms of Unidirectional and Bi-directional. The connection relationship between the horizontal pipe groups located in the same pipe group zone is two-way; the connection between the horizontal pipe group and the vertical pipe group located in the adjacent pipe group zone is one-way, and the direction is self-high Pipe group area to low-level group area. When displaying a graphic, the one-way edge is indicated by an arrow and the two-way edge is represented by a line segment.
機艙各層管群亦可以用平面展開圖的方式來表現，如第二十圖所示，其為本發明所分析之機艙部分管群之平面展開圖。圖形中哪些管群要相互連接可由設計者設定，該圖以直線或箭頭代表邊(Edge)來連接兩個管群。The stack of tubes in the nacelle can also be represented by a planar unfolded view, as shown in the twentieth diagram, which is a planar development view of a portion of the nacelle tube analyzed in the present invention. The groups of tubes in the graph that are to be connected to each other can be set by the designer. The graph connects the two clusters by a straight line or an arrow representing an edge.
每個管群皆有唯一的編號，屬同一個管群區的管群放在一個環狀區域內。第二十圖中，紫色之長方塊代表x方向之管群，橘色之長方塊代表y方向之管群，而灰色長方塊代表z方向之管群。例如管群5(區域六，A6：space level 6)，連接管群4(區域六)、14及15(區域五，A5)。管群4(區域六，A6)連接管群5(區域六，A6)及13(區域五，A5)。另外，管群13(區域五，A5)僅連接管群20(區域四，A4)。Each tube group has a unique number, and the tube group belonging to the same tube group area is placed in an annular area. In the twenty-fifth figure, the long square of purple represents the tube group in the x direction, the long square of orange represents the tube group in the y direction, and the long square of gray represents the tube group in the z direction. For example, group 5 (area 6, A6: space level 6), connected to group 4 (area 6), 14 and 15 (area 5, A5). Pipe group 4 (Zone 6, A6) connects pipe group 5 (Zone 6, A6) and 13 (Zone V, A5). In addition, the tube group 13 (area five, A5) is only connected to the tube group 20 (area four, A4).
若將管群節點以實心圓表示，管群間之連接關係用箭頭與線段表示、管群區域以不同高度之橫條表示，如第二 十圖所示的管群圖形可以簡單地以第二十一圖來表示。If the pipe group node is represented by a solid circle, the connection relationship between the pipe groups is represented by arrows and line segments, and the pipe group area is represented by horizontal bars of different heights, such as the second. The cluster pattern shown in Fig. 10 can be simply represented by the twenty-first graph.
本發明的管群圖形與傳統的資料搜尋所稱的圖形不同，本發明之管群圖形除了有欲搜尋的管群資料外，各管群位在幾個不同的區域(高度)，管路搜尋時維持著自高往低或自低往高(二者擇一)搜尋的限制，故本發明之管群圖形稱為Pipe Trunk Spatial Graph。The tube group pattern of the present invention is different from the conventional data search pattern. In addition to the tube group data to be searched, the tube group image is located in several different regions (height), pipeline search. The restriction of the search for the high to low or low to high (alternative) is called the Pipe Trunk Spatial Graph.
雖然在管路設計實務工作裡，為了讓多位設計者同時為一艘船進行管路設計，而將機艙內一個甲板之下的管件分成二到四個區域，同時進行細部管路設計，如第二十二圖所示，上層甲板下方水平管群180以及第二甲板下方水平管群182。一個管群有可能跨兩區域，但此類區域劃分與管群佈置自動化無關，而暫不予考慮。Although in the pipeline design practice, in order to allow multiple designers to design the pipeline for one vessel at the same time, the pipe fittings under one deck in the engine cabin are divided into two to four zones, and at the same time, the detailed pipeline design, such as As shown in the twenty-second figure, the horizontal pipe group 180 below the upper deck and the horizontal pipe group 182 below the second deck. It is possible for a cluster to cross two regions, but such regional division has nothing to do with the automation of the cluster arrangement, and will not be considered for the time being.
本發明發展電腦化管群路徑搜尋及管路詳細路徑計算方法，因此，前述管群圖形是以一個連接矩陣(Connectivity Matrix)來敘述，又稱C矩陣。其中Cio (i=0…n)儲存第i個管群之編號，Cij (j=1..m)儲存自第i個管群可以通往之第j個管群的編號The invention develops a computerized tube group path search method and a pipeline detailed path calculation method. Therefore, the above tube group graph is described by a connection matrix (Citation Matrix), which is also called a C matrix. Where C io (i=0...n) stores the number of the i-th pipe group, and C ij (j=1..m) stores the number of the j-th pipe group that the i-th pipe group can reach
Cij 在電腦程式中，Cio 被視為母節點(Parent Node)，而同一列的Cij (j=1..m)被視為子節點(Child Node)。若一個管群只能自其他管群進入，而無法自該管群通往其他管群，則Cij (j=1..m)不儲存任何值，亦即無任何子節點的狀況。C ij In the computer program, C io is treated as a parent node, and C ij (j=1..m) in the same column is treated as a child node. If a pipe group can only enter from other pipe groups and cannot pass from the pipe group to other pipe groups, C ij (j=1..m) does not store any value, that is, there is no child node condition.
以第二十一圖所示之管群圖為例，其連接矩陣為：
連接矩陣C第一列說明管群4可以有管路連接到子管群5及13。管群4與5、管群18與20、管群20與21、管群34與35四對管群邊均為雙向連接關係(如第二十一圖所示)，其餘均為單向連接關係，而管群36及37均無子管群可連通。The first column of the connection matrix C indicates that the tube group 4 can be piped to the sub-tube groups 5 and 13. Tube groups 4 and 5, tube groups 18 and 20, tube groups 20 and 21, tube groups 34 and 35 are all bidirectionally connected (as shown in Fig. 21), and the rest are unidirectional connections. Relationship, and no group of pipes 36 and 37 can be connected.
底下說明本發明之管群路徑搜尋方法The method for searching a tube group path of the present invention is described below
本發明在搜尋連接一個管路起點(Source Point)與終點(Destination Point)的管群路徑時，做了以下幾點之假設：The present invention makes the following assumptions when searching for a pipe group path connecting a source point and a destination point:
(1).可以與管路起點(S)相連接的起始管群、以及可以與管路終點(D)相連接的目標管群，由管路設計者或工程師選定。(1). The initial tube group that can be connected to the starting point (S) of the pipeline, and the target tube group that can be connected to the end point (D) of the pipeline, selected by the pipeline designer or engineer.
(2).哪些管群可以有管路相連通，已經有設計者做出規劃。(2). Which groups of pipes can be connected by pipelines, and designers have made plans.
(3).經過管群數越少的路徑是要優先選用的路徑選擇。(3). The path with fewer tubes is the preferred path to choose.
以第二十三圖所示之情況為例，管路起點(S)可與管群 5(N5，節點5)相連通，管路終點(D)可與管群31(N31，節點31)相連通，在搜尋管群路徑(Pipe Trunk Path)時，起始管群即為節點5，而目標管群則為節點31。Taking the situation shown in Figure 23 as an example, the starting point (S) of the pipeline can be associated with the tube group. 5 (N5, node 5) is connected, and the end point (D) of the pipeline can be connected with the cluster 31 (N31, node 31). When searching for the pipe trunk path, the initial pipe group is the node 5 And the target group is node 31.
在搜尋管群路徑時，會陸續產生多個可能路徑，任一路徑遇到以下四個情況中任何一個時，對該管群路徑之搜尋會停止：When searching for a pipe group path, multiple possible paths are generated one after another. When any of the following four situations occurs, the search for the pipe group path will stop:
(1).到達目標管群(路徑搜尋狀態：Succeed)。(1). Arrival to the target group (path search status: Succeed).
(2).到達一個子管群，以其為母管群時無任何子管群(路徑搜尋狀態：Stopped,No Child)。(2). When a sub-pipe group is reached, there is no sub-pipe group when it is a parent group (path search status: Stopped, No Child).
(3).到達一個子管群但是該子管群已經在目前搜尋的管群路徑當中(路徑搜尋狀態：Stopped,Traversed)。(3). Arrives in a sub-pipe group but the sub-pipe group is already in the currently searched group path (path search status: Stopped, Traversed).
(4).到達一個子管群其管群區域(Level)比目標管群Level更低(或更高)，因而後來在到達目標管群時會產生路徑方向與高往低搜尋方向(或與低往高搜尋方向)相違背的狀況。(路徑搜尋狀態：Stopped,Level Restriction Violated)。(4). When a sub-pipe group is reached, its pipe group level is lower (or higher) than the target pipe group level, so that when the target pipe group is reached, the path direction and the high-low search direction are generated (or Low to high search direction) is contrary to the situation. (Path search status: Stopped, Level Restriction Violated).
若四個情況均不滿足，管群之搜尋會繼續下去(路徑搜尋狀態為Continued)，直到所有可能管群路徑之搜尋全部停止時，結束管群路徑之搜尋。If none of the four conditions are met, the search for the group will continue (the path search status is Continued), and the search for the group path will be terminated until all possible search for the group path is stopped.
本發明搜尋管群路徑之方法係加上管群區域高度的搜尋限制，所以稱為「考量高度屬性之寬度優先搜尋方法」(Spatial Breadth-First Search)。整個搜尋的主要步驟如下：The method for searching for a pipe group path of the present invention is a search limit of the height of the pipe group region, so it is called "Spatial Breadth-First Search". The main steps of the entire search are as follows:
1.自起始管群開始搜尋(視為母管群)，尋找其子管群，若其子管群非目標管群且不符合Stop條件，則將母管群及子管群成一組路徑，列入待搜尋之管群路徑。1. Search from the starting pipe group (considered as the parent group) and find the child group. If the child group is not the target group and does not meet the Stop condition, then the parent group and the child group are grouped into a path. , included in the management group path.
2.以各待搜尋之管群路徑中最後一個管群為母管群，尋找其子管群，若其子管群非目標管群且不符合Stop條件，則將子管群列入該待搜尋管群路徑最後一個節點。如此繼續搜尋下去，直到所有管群路徑不是Succeed就是Stopped，而終止整個管群路徑之搜尋。2. The last group of each group to be searched for is the parent group, and the child group is found. If the child group is not the target group and does not meet the Stop condition, the group is included in the group. Search for the last node of the trunk group path. Continue searching until all the cluster paths are either Succeed or Stopped, and the entire pipeline group search is terminated.
3.將成功到達目標管群的路徑逐一比較，選擇經過較少管群的一到三個管群路徑，輸出做為計算管路詳細位置之依據。3. Compare the paths that successfully reach the target pipe group one by one, select one to three pipe group paths through fewer pipe groups, and output as the basis for calculating the detailed position of the pipeline.
以第二十一圖所示管群圖形(Pipe Trunk Graph)，以及其連接矩陣(Connectivity Matrix)為例，表二為以節點5為起點、節點31為終點的管群路徑自高區域往低區域搜尋之過程。Take the Pipe Trunk Graph shown in Figure 21 and its Connection Matrix as an example. Table 2 shows the pipe group path starting from node 5 and ending at node 31. The process of regional search.
在管群圖形(graph)中，從節點5為起點、節點31為終點，管群經過的路徑詳細如表二所列，總共有12個路徑被搜尋過，其中成功到達目標管群有三個路徑：5-4-13-20-21-31、5-14-21-31和5-15-21-31，如第二十三圖所示，其為路徑5-14-21-31之示意圖。In the graph of the cluster, the slave node 5 is the starting point and the node 31 is the end point. The path of the cluster group is detailed as shown in Table 2. A total of 12 paths are searched, and three paths are successfully reached to the target group. : 5-4-13-20-21-31, 5-14-21-31, and 5-15-21-31, as shown in Fig. 23, which is a schematic diagram of the path 5-14-21-31 .
表二所列之路徑搜尋，因搜尋路徑到達一個子管群其管群區域(Level)比目標管群區域更低而停止搜尋的路徑包括編號四、編號七和編號十一。另外，因搜尋路徑重複到達同一個子管群而停止搜尋的管群路徑包括編號一、編號二、編號五、編號六、編號九和編號十。The path search listed in Table 2, because the search path reaches a sub-pipe group whose path group area (Level) is lower than the target pipe group area, and the search stop path includes number four, number seven, and number eleven. In addition, the pipe group path that stops searching due to the search path repeatedly reaching the same sub-pipe group includes number one, number two, number five, number six, number nine, and number ten.
底下說明本發明之管群化管路路徑之計算方法The calculation method of the tube grouping pipeline path of the present invention is explained below.
管群內管線排列順序原則是：第一根管件之中心線與管群參考線重疊，後續的管線則排在高區或低區視排列優先順序而定。當優先方向的凹槽填滿之後再填入另一個方向的凹槽。The order of the pipelines in the pipe group is as follows: the center line of the first pipe fitting overlaps with the pipe group reference line, and the subsequent pipelines are ranked in the high zone or the low zone depending on the priority order. When the groove in the preferential direction is filled, the groove in the other direction is filled.
經由管群路徑之搜尋，確定一個新管件要加入某管群時，須根據該管群之既定高區與低區寬度極限(如第九圖所示)扣除管群內既有管件所佔用空間(亦即最外側既有管件凹槽之位置)後所剩餘之管群空間，來判斷是否能在高區或低區方向之一加入該新管件。Through the search of the pipe group path, when a new pipe is to be added to a pipe group, the space of the existing pipe fittings in the pipe group shall be deducted according to the established high and low zone width limits of the pipe group (as shown in Figure 9). The remaining tube space after the outermost portion of the tube groove is used to determine whether the new tube can be added in one of the high or low direction.
若管群能容納該新管線，則根據管群種類、管件間距計算公式、管件直徑等因數，推算出新管線之中心線在管群裡的位置。若該管群的高區與低區均無足夠空間容納新管線，除非能增加管群寬度，否則須放棄該管群路徑。If the pipe group can accommodate the new pipeline, the position of the center line of the new pipeline in the pipe group is derived based on the type of pipe group, the formula for calculating the pipe spacing, and the diameter of the pipe fitting. If there are not enough space in the high and low zones of the pipe group to accommodate the new pipeline, the pipe cluster path must be abandoned unless the pipe cluster width can be increased.
本發明發展出一個“邊運算子”(Edge Operator)以推算：連接不同管群的“邊向量”(Edge Vector)。所謂“邊向量”是一組端點相連接的數個向量，其中每一個向量代表一個管段的中心線。The present invention develops an "Edge Operator" to derive: "Edge Vector" that connects different groups of tubes. An "edge vector" is a set of vectors connected by a set of endpoints, each of which represents the centerline of a pipe segment.
舉例而言，在第二十五圖中，點P(x1 ,y1 ,z1 )是位在i管群凹槽內之管段端點，透過邊向量、、將P點與k管群內凹槽中心線(CD線)相連接。因此，邊向量敘述連接兩個管群節點(Node)之間的邊(Edge)的詳細幾何關係。For example, in the twenty-fifth figure, the point P(x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) is the end of the pipe segment in the groove of the i-tube group, and the transmitted edge vector , , P point is connected to the groove center line (CD line) in the k tube group. Thus, the edge vector describes the detailed geometric relationship of the edges connecting the two cluster nodes.
請參考第二十五圖以及第二十六圖，管段PQ在i管群內(平行於x軸)，要與k管群連接，而k管群內可用之凹槽其中心線根據管徑與相鄰管件間之安全距離推算是在CD線上(平行於y軸)。由於CD與PQ可能在不同高度，假設CD於PQ所在水平面之投影為線KL，KL與PQ之延長線相交於A點，而CD與KL兩線間之距離為d。Referring to the twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth drawings, the pipe segment PQ is connected to the k-pipe group in the i-pipe group (parallel to the x-axis), and the center line of the groove available in the k-tube group is according to the pipe diameter. The safe distance between adjacent pipe fittings is estimated on the CD line (parallel to the y-axis). Since CD and PQ may be at different heights, it is assumed that the projection of CD at the horizontal plane of PQ is line KL, the extension line of KL and PQ intersects point A, and the distance between CD and KL is d.
在管路設計實務上，第二十五圖與第二十六圖中第一個肘管(A處)角度α常設定在90°。第二個肘管(B處)角度β則不定。為簡化計算，本發明設定∠PAB=α=90°，∠ABC=β=135°。In the piping design practice, the angle α of the first elbow (at point A) in the twenty-fifth and twenty-fifth diagrams is often set at 90°. The angle β of the second elbow (at B) is uncertain. To simplify the calculation, the present invention sets ∠PAB=α=90°, ∠ABC=β=135°.
如此一來，第二十四圖中邊向量之未知參數只剩△x、△y1 、△y2 與△z。這些參數可以由點P(x1 ,y1 ,z1 )與點C(x3 ,y3 ,z3 )之座標推算出來：△x=x3 -x1 (1)As a result, the unknown parameters of the edge vector in Fig. 24 are only Δx, Δy 1 , Δy 2 and Δz. These parameters can be derived from the coordinates of point P(x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) and point C(x 3 , y 3 , z 3 ): △x=x 3 -x 1 (1)
△z=d=z3 -z1 (2)△z=d=z 3 -z 1 (2)
△y1 =|△z| (3)△y 1 =|△z| (3)
△y2 =|y3 -y1 |-△y1 (4)Δy 2 =|y 3 -y 1 |-Δy 1 (4)
上述關係式中若△z>0，ω(∠LAB)為自線AL沿反時針方向旋轉角度(45°)，若△z<0，ω為自線AL沿順時針方向旋轉角度(45°)。In the above relation, if Δz>0, ω(∠LAB) is the rotation angle (45°) in the counterclockwise direction from the line AL. If Δz<0, ω is the angle of rotation from the line AL in the clockwise direction (45°). ).
若△x>0，線CD在P點的+x側(如第二十六圖所示)，若△x<0，線CD在P點的-x側。If Δx>0, the line CD is on the +x side of the P point (as shown in the twenty-sixth figure), and if Δx<0, the line CD is on the -x side of the point P.
若△y2 >0，B點在CD線段之延長線上(如第二十六圖所示)，若△y2 <0，B點介於C與D之間。If Δy 2 >0, point B is on the extension line of the CD line segment (as shown in Figure 26). If Δy 2 <0, point B is between C and D.
前述邊向量之是自x方向管群的一個凹槽進入y方向管群凹槽內的管路路徑，在管路佈置實務上，管路並無方向，因此本發明將上述邊向量之計算應用在設計x方向及
y方向的水平管群間管路連接路徑，(不論是自哪一個管群進入哪一管群)，而以邊運算子的方式來做一致性的敘述，其符號為x
Θy
(第二十五圖)以及y
Θx
(第二十七圖)：
在第5與6式中，等號左方是由邊向量的、、三個向量依序以列向量(從上而下)排列而成，稱為“邊矩陣”(Edge Matrix)，簡稱E矩陣，是一個3x3的矩陣。路徑向量之起點為P，是管群之端點，其座標以一個向量來表示，被連接之管群內之凹槽兩端點座標則形成一個2x3的S(Slot)矩陣。上述邊向量之計算則可以用邊運算子表示為E =Px Θy S (7)In the 5th and 6th formulas, the left side of the equal sign is by the edge vector , , The three vectors are sequentially arranged in column vectors (top to bottom), called the Edge Matrix, or E matrix, which is a 3x3 matrix. The starting point of the path vector is P, which is the end point of the tube group. Its coordinates are represented by a vector. The coordinates of the two ends of the groove in the connected tube group form a 2x3 S (Slot) matrix. The calculation of the above edge vector can be expressed by the edge operator as E = P x Θ y S (7)
不同於x Θy 與y Θx 邊運算子，假如管件是自x或y方向的水平管群進入z方向的垂直管群，邊運算子分別為y Θ1 z (第二十八(a)圖)以及x Θ1 z (第二十八(b)圖)，此時邊向量為、與，而∠PFA與∠ABC均為直角。Different from the x Θ y and y Θ x- edge operators, if the pipe is a vertical pipe group from the horizontal or horizontal y-direction into the z-direction, the edge operator is y Θ 1 z (the twenty-eighth (a) Figure) and x Θ 1 z (the twenty-eighth (b) diagram), where the edge vector is , versus , and ∠PFA and ∠ABC are both right angles.
上述二運算子中△x=x3 -x1 (10)Δx=x 3 -x 1 (10) in the above two operators
△y=y3 -y1 (11)△y=y 3 -y 1 (11)
△z=h-z1 (12)△z=hz 1 (12)
第12式中h為前後向水平管線(第二十八(a)圖)或左右向水平管線(第二十八(b)圖)之中心線高度，其值將依據一艘船設計時採用之管路佈置標準而定(第十八圖，HAF 與HSP )。In the 12th formula, h is the centerline height of the forward-rear horizontal pipeline (the twenty-eighth (a) diagram) or the left-right horizontal pipeline (the twenty-eighth (b) diagram), and the value will be based on the design of a ship. The piping layout is based on the standard (Figure 18, H AF and H SP ).
在第8與9式中，若管路在水平管群之中段部位分歧出去與垂直管群連接，則第一個向量之△y或△x為負值(第二十九(a)與(b)圖)，換言之，不在水平管群之端點(而在管群端點之間的部位)分歧出去。此時在管路詳細路徑計算時，在凹槽PQ內、凹槽CD內、以及其間之連接管件是由PF、FA、AB、BD四個管段連接而成。In Equations 8 and 9, if the pipeline branches out in the middle of the horizontal pipe group and is connected to the vertical pipe group, the first vector Δy or Δx is a negative value (the twenty-ninth (a) and (b) maps), in other words, not at the end of the horizontal tube group (and at the portion between the end points of the tube group). At this time, in the detailed path calculation of the pipeline, the connecting pipe in the groove PQ, the groove CD, and the connecting pipe therebetween are formed by connecting four pipe segments of PF, FA, AB, and BD.
若管路系自相反方向之管群進出，譬如自z方向之管群進入x或y方向之管群，其邊運算子與z
Θ1 x
及z
Θ1 y
非常相似：
上述二運算子中△x=x3 -x1 (15)Δx=x 3 -x 1 (15) in the above two operators
△y=y3 -y1 (16)△y=y 3 -y 1 (16)
△z1 =h-z1 (17)△z 1 =hz 1 (17)
△z2 =(z3 -z1 )-△z1 (18)Δz 2 =(z 3 -z 1 )-Δz 1 (18)
上式中h為左右向水平管線或左右向水平管線之中心線高度，其值將依據一艘船設計時採用之管路佈置標準而定(第十八圖，HAF 與HSP )。In the above formula, h is the height of the centerline of the horizontal pipeline or the horizontal pipeline, and the value will be determined according to the piping layout standard used in the design of a ship (Fig. 18, H AF and H SP ).
請參考第三十(a)圖，其顯示的情形也是自x管群進入z管群，但不同於第二十八(b)圖所示之情形。在後者(第二十八(b)圖)，F點沿著管群凹槽中心線移動時，F點之x座標可以到達凹槽中心線CD之x座標值，亦即QF線與垂直於z方向管群之面(交線為CD)可以相交；而在前者(第三十(a)圖)之情形，QF線卻與z方向管群的垂面(亦在CD相垂直)一直保持平行。此外，根據管路佈置實務，在圖第三十(a)圖之情形，由於管線PF是x方向，其高度較y方向的管線EA為低，因此較前述邊向量多一個管段：。全部邊向量為、、與。其邊運算子為x Θ2 z ，而邊運算子y Θ2 z 之計算與x Θ2 z 非常相似。Please refer to the thirtieth (a) diagram, which shows the situation from the x-tube group into the z-tube group, but different from the situation shown in the twenty-eighth (b). In the latter (the twenty-eighth (b) diagram), when the point F moves along the center line of the tube group groove, the x coordinate of the point F can reach the x coordinate value of the groove center line CD, that is, the QF line and the vertical line The surface of the z-direction tube group (the line of intersection is CD) can intersect; in the former case (p. 30 (a)), the QF line remains with the vertical plane of the z-direction tube group (also perpendicular to the CD). parallel. In addition, according to the pipeline layout practice, in the case of Fig. 30 (a), since the pipeline PF is in the x direction, its height is lower than the pipeline EA in the y direction, so one more pipe segment than the aforementioned edge vector: . All edge vectors are , , versus . Operator side which is x Θ 2 z, while the operator side of the y Θ 2 z with x Θ 2 z calculated very similar.
上述運算子中△x=x3 -x1 ,△x=△x1 +△x2 (20)In the above operation, Δx=x 3 -x 1 , Δx=Δx 1 +Δx 2 (20)
△y=y3 -y1 (21)△y=y 3 -y 1 (21)
△z=h-z1 (22)△z=hz 1 (22)
在第22式中，h為左右向水平管線之高度(第十八圖，HSP )，其值將依據一艘船設計時採用之管路佈置標準而定。第20式中△x2 之值可以依據管徑及管路設計規範設定之。In Equation 22, h is the height of the horizontal pipe to the left and right (Fig. 18, H SP ), and its value will be based on the piping layout standard used in the design of a ship. The value of Δx 2 in the 20th formula can be set according to the pipe diameter and piping design specifications.
同樣地，y
Θ2 z
運算子(第三十(b)圖)如下
上述運算子中△x=x3 -x1 (24)Δx=x 3 -x 1 (24) in the above operator
△y=y3 -y1 ,,△y=△y1 +△y2 (25)Δy=y 3 -y 1 ,,Δy=Δy 1 +Δy 2 (25)
△z=h-z1 (26)△z=hz 1 (26)
在第26式中，h為前後向水平管線之高度(第十八圖，HAF )，其值將依據一艘船設計時採用之管路佈置標準而定。在第25式中△y2 之值可以依據管徑及管路設計規範設定之。In the 26th formula, h is the height of the forward and backward horizontal pipelines (Fig. 18, H AF ), and the value will be based on the piping layout standard used in the design of a ship. In the 25th formula, the value of Δy 2 can be set according to the pipe diameter and piping design specifications.
另一種跨管群管路情形是連接兩個同方向的水平管群，如第三十一圖所示，其邊運算子通式y Θy (第三十一(a)圖)以及x Θx (第三十一(b)圖)Another cross-pipe group pipe scenario is to connect two horizontal pipe groups in the same direction. As shown in Figure 31, the edge operator has the formula y Θ y (the thirty-first (a) chart) and x Θ x (31st (b))
上述二運算子中△x=x5 -x1 (29)Δx=x 5 -x 1 (29) in the above two operators
△y=y5 -y1 (30)△y=y 5 -y 1 (30)
△z1 =h-z1 (31)△z 1 =hz 1 (31)
△z2 =z5 -h (32)△z 2 =z 5 -h (32)
在31與32式中，h為前後向水平管線(第三十一(a)圖)或左右向水平管線(第三十一(b)圖)中心線之高度，其值將依據一艘船設計時採用之管路佈置標準而定(第十八圖，HAF 與HSP )。In the 31 and 32 formulas, h is the height of the centerline of the forward and backward horizontal pipeline (the 31st (a) diagram) or the left and right horizontal pipeline (the 31st (b) diagram), and the value will be based on a ship. It is determined by the piping layout standard used in the design (Fig. 18, H AF and H SP ).
不同於其他運算子之計算，對y Θy (第三十一(a)圖)及x Θx (第三十一(b)圖)運算子，需要指定連接管路進管群凹槽之x或y座標值(亦即B點之x或y座標，或BC/CD之比值)。Different from the calculation of other operators, for the y Θ y (31st (a)) and x Θ x (31st (b)) operators, you need to specify the groove of the connecting pipe into the pipe group. The x or y coordinate value (ie, the x or y coordinate of point B, or the ratio of BC/CD).
在27與28式中，第一個向量的△x或△y有可能為負值，第三十一(b)圖所示之情形即為△x為負值的狀況。In the 27 and 28 formulas, the first vector The Δx or Δy may be a negative value, and the case shown in the thirty-first (b) diagram is a condition in which Δx is a negative value.
類似的運算子是z
Θz
(第三十二圖)：
上述運算子中△x=x5 -x1 (34)Δx=x 5 -x 1 (34) in the above operation
△y=y5 -y1 (35)△y=y 5 -y 1 (35)
△z1 =h1 -z1 (36)△z 1 =h 1 -z 1 (36)
△z2 =h2 -h1 =z5 -h1 (37)Δz 2 =h 2 -h 1 =z 5 -h 1 (37)
在第36與37二式中，h1 是前後向水平管線(第三十一圖)中心線之高度，其值將依據一艘船設計時採用之管路佈置標準而定(第十八圖，HAF )，h2 為左右向水平管線(第三十一圖)中心線之高度，其值將依據一艘船設計時採用之管路佈置標準而定(第十八圖，HSP )。In Equations 36 and 37, h 1 is the height of the centerline of the forward-to-horizontal horizontal pipeline (31st), and its value will depend on the piping layout standard used in the design of a ship (Figure 18). , H AF ), h 2 is the height of the center line of the horizontal pipeline (31), and its value will be determined according to the piping layout standard used in the design of a ship (18th, H SP ) .
本發明共定義出九個邊運算子(x Θy 、y Θx 、x Θ1 z 、x Θ2 z 、y Θ1 z 、y Θ2 z 、x Θx 、y Θy 、z Θz )，另外還有z Θ1 x 、z Θ1 y 、z Θ2 x 、與z Θ2 y (但均分別與x Θ1 z 、y Θ1 z 、x Θ2 z 、y Θ2 z 非常相似，差異只在管子之走向相反，如同x Θy 與y Θx 方向相反一樣)，合計有13個邊運算子。若逆向路徑算做同類，則共有9個代表性邊運算子。總體而言，可以歸納成以下邊運算子通式：E =Pi Θj k S (38)The present invention defines nine edge operators ( x Θ y , y Θ x , x Θ 1 z , x Θ 2 z , y Θ 1 z , y Θ 2 z , x Θ x , y Θ y , z Θ z ), in addition, z Θ 1 x , z Θ 1 y , z Θ 2 x , and z Θ 2 y (but both are respectively x Θ 1 z , y Θ 1 z , x Θ 2 z , y Θ 2 z Similarly, the difference is only opposite in the direction of the tube, as x Θ y is opposite to y Θ x , with a total of 13 edge operators. If the reverse path is considered to be the same type, there are 9 representative edge operators. In general, it can be generalized to the following operator formula: E =P i Θ j k S (38)
其中運算子的上標i與k分別代表兩個管群之方向(x、y、或z)，j若有標示則為1或2。邊向量是由三或四個向量組成，而E矩陣之大小則為3x3或4x3。The superscripts i and k of the operator represent the direction (x, y, or z) of the two tube groups, respectively, and j is 1 or 2 if indicated. The edge vector is composed of three or four vectors, and the size of the E matrix is 3x3 or 4x3.
在管路佈置實務上，各設備或油水櫃的進出口(Nozzle)之前均會加裝Leading Pipe以抵達甲板下方或上方(方便架設管支架固定管件)。本發明是將此Leading Pipe的另一個端點設為管件之起點或終點。因此，上述邊向量及Edge Operator亦可用以計算(1)自管路起點(S)進入一個起始管群凹槽的管路路徑(參見第二十三圖)；(2)自管路終點(D)進入一個目標管群凹槽的管路路徑(參見第二十四圖)。做前者用途時，Leading Pipe的中心線相當於一個管群的凹槽中心線，參見第三十七(a)圖，而管路起點(S)即為前述邊向量及邊運算子中的P點。同理，做後者用途時，管路終點(D)即為邊向量及邊運算子中的P點，參見第三十七(b)圖。In the pipeline layout practice, the Leading Pipe will be installed before the Nozzle of each equipment or oil tank to reach below or above the deck (it is convenient to erect the pipe bracket fixing pipe fittings). The invention is to set the other end of the Leading Pipe as the starting point or end point of the pipe. Therefore, the above edge vector and Edge Operator can also be used to calculate (1) the pipeline path from the starting point (S) of the pipeline into a groove of the initial tube group (see Figure 23); (2) entering the target pipe from the end point (D) of the pipeline The piping path of the group of grooves (see Figure 24). For the former use, the centerline of the Leading Pipe is equivalent to the groove centerline of a pipe group, see Figure 37(a), and the starting point (S) of the pipe is the edge vector and the P in the edge operator. point. Similarly, for the latter purpose, the end point (D) of the pipeline is the edge vector and the P point in the edge operator, see Figure 37(b).
底下介紹本發明之PDMS電腦繪圖軟體管路模型輸入檔之產生方法The method for generating the input file of the PDMS computer graphics software pipeline model of the present invention is introduced below.
在本發明裡，新管路或既有管路的路徑是以連續線段之方式來敘述。譬如一個由6段直管與5個肘管組成之管線，如第三十三圖所示，將由7個點的座標來敘述，如表三所列。而肘管之角度則由其連接的兩直管之方向決定，不另外敘述。In the present invention, the path of the new or existing piping is described as a continuous line segment. For example, a pipeline consisting of a 6-segment straight pipe and 5 elbow pipes, as shown in Figure 33, will be described by coordinates of 7 points, as listed in Table 3. The angle of the elbow is determined by the direction of the two straight tubes to which they are connected, and is not described separately.
在表三之中，E-N-U是PDMS電腦程式所使用的East-North-Up座標系統，PDMS以此座標系統對照一般工程常用的x-y-z座標系統。例如在PDMS裡，E225 N675 U1875代表位在x=225,y=675,z=1875之座標點。In Table 3, E-N-U is the East-North-Up coordinate system used by the PDMS computer program. The PDMS uses this coordinate system to compare the x-y-z coordinate system commonly used in general engineering. For example, in PDMS, E225 N675 U1875 represents a coordinate point at x=225, y=675, and z=1875.
本發明發展了一個電腦子程式(Subroutine)，將機艙既有管路或新搜尋出來之管路的各路徑點座標及管徑資料輸入後，可以產生僅包含最少資訊的PDMS立體管路模型精簡Macro檔案。所謂精簡Macro檔即是盡量引用PDMS內定資訊(Default Setting)的狀況，例如不含管件顏色(用PDMS內定管件顏色)、不含材料規範(用PDMS內定管件材料)等。The invention develops a computer subroutine (Subroutine), which can input the PDMS three-dimensional pipeline model with only minimal information by inputting the coordinates of the path points and the pipe diameter data of the pipeline or the newly searched pipeline. Macro file. The so-called simplification of the Macro file is to quote the status of the PDMS default setting, for example, without the tube color (using the PDMS default tube color), without the material specification (using the PDMS default tube material).
在產生PDMS立體管路模型精簡Macro檔案之後，工程師可以在PDMS裡，用“$M/檔名”的指令(亦即執行Batch檔的方式)，將前述管路資訊載入PDMS，而產生管路的立體模型。經過觀察與比較各新管路路徑，決定較適當之路徑。After generating the PDMS stereo pipeline model to streamline the Macro archive, the engineer can use the "$M/filename" command (that is, execute the batch file) in the PDMS to load the pipeline information into the PDMS, and generate the tube. A three-dimensional model of the road. After observing and comparing the new pipeline paths, the appropriate path is determined.
表四是本發明所發展之程式針對表三所列管路產生之PDMS精簡Macro輸入檔。Table 4 shows the PDMS streamlined Macro input file generated by the program developed by the present invention for the pipelines listed in Table 3.
當兩根相鄰接的直管其方向不同時，在實際管路上，於其鄰接處則需裝置肘管(Elbow)。本發明於產生PDMSMacro檔時沿用左手定則來決定PDMS肘管方向。When the two adjacent straight pipes are oriented differently, an elbow (Elbow) is required at the adjacent pipe in the actual pipe. The present invention uses the left hand rule to determine the PDMS elbow direction when generating the PDMSMacro file.
將左手食指、中指、無名指及小指四指合並在一起並伸直，用以代表肘管之入口方向，如第三十四圖所示；左手拇指也伸直，代表軸管之出口方向(此為PDMS Macro輸入檔裡的Y軸方向)；此時左手掌心之方向則為PDMS Macro輸入檔裡的Z軸方向。在PDMS Macro檔僅敘述肘管的Y軸與Z軸方向(如表四第13列)。The left index finger, middle finger, ring finger and little finger four fingers are combined and straightened to represent the entrance direction of the elbow, as shown in Figure 34; the left thumb is also straight, representing the exit direction of the shaft tube (this For the PDMS Macro input file in the Y-axis direction); the direction of the left palm is the Z-axis direction in the PDMS Macro input file. In the PDMS Macro file, only the Y-axis and Z-axis directions of the elbow are described (as in column 13 of Table 4).
第三十四圖顯示三個中心線位於XY平面的直管(SE1 、E1 E2 與E2 D)用兩個肘管(E1 與E2 )連接起來所示。其中第一個肘管(E1 )的Y與Z方向之決定如下：讓左手四指的方向為E1 肘管的入口方向，確定左手拇指的方向(Y方向)為E1 肘管的出口方向(第三十四圖為向北)，且朝向下一個管元件，即第二個肘管(E2 )的入口方向，此時左手掌心(Z方向)則會向上(垂直於紙面，上方)。所以第一個肘管的方向的表示式為：ORI Y is N and Z is UFigure 34 shows that the straight tubes (SE 1 , E 1 E 2 and E 2 D) with three centerlines in the XY plane are shown connected by two elbows (E 1 and E 2 ). Y and Z determines which direction of the first elbow (E 1) as follows: Let the left four fingers in the direction of the inlet direction E 1 elbow, left thumb determined direction (Y direction) of the outlet elbow E 1 Direction (the thirty-fourth picture is north) and towards the next tube element, the entrance direction of the second elbow (E 2 ), at which point the left palm (Z direction) will be up (perpendicular to the paper, above) ). So the expression of the direction of the first elbow is: ORI Y is N and Z is U
同理，第二個肘管(E2)的方向的表示式為ORI Y is E and Z is DSimilarly, the expression of the direction of the second elbow (E2) is ORI Y is E and Z is D
底下介紹本發明之以管群為基礎的管路自動佈置方法The tube group-based pipeline automatic arrangement method of the present invention is introduced below.
本發明之具體實施是發展一個“以機艙管群為管路路 徑設計之基礎”的管路佈置自動化方法，而底下所敘述的是電腦化的方法與程序。The specific implementation of the present invention is to develop a "line with the cabin tube group" The basics of the path design are automated methods of piping layout, while the following describes the computerized methods and procedures.
在機艙管群資訊(包括位置、寬度、編號、所在區域等)與管群連接資訊已經設定完成；確定一個擬設計新管件之直徑、起始點(S)與終點(D)的空間位置(亦即座標值)後，進行以下步驟，完成沿著機艙管群佈置管路路徑的管路自動佈置：The information on the cabin management information (including position, width, number, location, etc.) and the pipe group connection information has been set; determine the diameter of the proposed new pipe, the starting point (S) and the end point (D) spatial position ( After the coordinate value, the following steps are performed to complete the automatic arrangement of the pipeline along the pipeline path of the cabin tube group:
1.建立機艙電腦模型(包括甲板、管群、管群圖形等資訊)。1. Establish a computer model of the cabin (including deck, tube group, tube group graphics, etc.).
2.輸入機艙既有管路(直徑、路徑等)資訊，建立各管群內既有管路資訊。2. Enter the information of the pipeline (diameter, path, etc.) in the engine room to establish the existing pipeline information in each pipe group.
3.選擇可以與起始點(S)相連接的一(或兩)個管群，稱為起始管群；選擇可以與終點(D)相連接的一(或兩)個管群，稱為目標管群。3. Select one (or two) tube groups that can be connected to the starting point (S), called the starting tube group; select one (or two) tube groups that can be connected to the end point (D), For the target group.
4.對任何一組起始管群與目標管群，運用管群路徑搜尋方法(如前面所述)尋找自起始管群可以到達目標管群的管群路徑(Pipe Trunk Path)。4. For any set of initial and target clusters, use the cluster path search method (as described above) to find the Pipe Trunk Path from which the initial cluster can reach the target cluster.
5.運用管件水平安全間距計算方法(如前面所述)以及邊運算子(如前面所述)，逐一確定(a)新管線在所經各管群內之凹槽位置以及(b)管群間連接管路的詳細管路路徑資訊。完成自起始點(S)到終點(D)的多組完整管路路徑資訊。5. Using the horizontal safety spacing calculation method for pipe fittings (as described above) and the edge operator (as described above), determine one by one (a) the groove position of the new pipeline within each pipe group and (b) the pipe group Detailed pipe path information for the connecting pipe. Complete sets of complete piping path information from the starting point (S) to the ending point (D).
6.運用程式產生所推算出來各完整管路的PDMS管路模型輸入檔。6. Use the program to generate the PDMS pipeline model input file for each complete pipeline.
7.將管路模型檔載入PDMS，工程師觀察新管路與既有管路在機艙之電腦立體模型，同時考量各新管路路徑之製造成本(CM )或壓力總損失(CPL )等因素後，選擇較理想的管路路徑。7. Load the pipeline model file into PDMS. The engineer observes the computer stereo model of the new pipeline and the existing pipeline in the cabin, and considers the manufacturing cost (C M ) or total pressure loss (C PL ) of each new pipeline path. After the other factors, choose the ideal pipeline path.
在以上計算裡，Li 為管路路徑所含第i種管徑的直管總長度，Ej 為在路徑裡所含第j種肘管的總數。在第39式中，Ci 及cj 各自代表直管與肘管的單位製造成本，在第40式中，Hi 及hj 分別為單位長之直管與第j種肘管的壓力損失。In the above calculation, L i is the total length of the straight pipe of the i-th pipe diameter included in the pipe path, and E j is the total number of the j-th elbow pipes included in the path. In the 39th formula, C i and c j each represent the unit manufacturing cost of the straight pipe and the elbow pipe. In the 40th formula, H i and h j are the pressure loss of the straight pipe and the jth elbow pipe of the unit length, respectively. .
以下係本發明運用C程式語言完成之管路佈置管群化之電腦程式中的主程式(Main Program)以及各主要子程式(Subroutine)之功能簡述。The following is a brief description of the functions of the main program (Main Program) and the main subprograms (Subroutine) in the computer program of the pipeline layout group which is completed by the C programming language.
void main( ) { read_deck ( ); read_equipment ( ); read_pipe_trunk_set_slider ( ); read_old_pipe_update_slider ( ); construct_pdms_input_for_old_pipe ( ); read_pt_graph ( ); read_new_pipe_assembly_S_and_D ( ); for(i=0; i<total_entr_trks; i++) { s_node = entr_trk_id[i]; for(j=0; j<total_exit_trks; j++) { d_node = exit_trk_id[j]; search_pipe_trunk_path(i, j, s_node, d_node); construct_pipe_route ( ); } // end, for j construct_pdms_input_for_new_pipe (new_pipe_bore); } // end, for i }Void main( ) { read_deck ( ); read_equipment ( ); read_pipe_trunk_set_slider ( ); read_old_pipe_update_slider ( ); construct_pdms_input_for_old_pipe ( ); read_pt_graph ( ); read_new_pipe_assembly_S_and_D ( ); for(i=0; i<total_entr_trks; i++) { s_node = entr_trk_id[i]; for(j=0; j<total_exit_trks; j++) { d_node = exit_trk_id[j]; search_pipe_trunk_path(i, j, S_node, d_node); construct_pipe_route ( ); } // end, for j construct_pdms_input_for_new_pipe (new_pipe_bore); } // end, for i }
表五顯示上述主要子程式及其功能簡述。Table 5 shows the above main subroutine and its function brief.
底下敘述本發明之管路設計範例 The pipeline design example of the present invention is described below.
在本發明中，以一艘之174,630 DWT散裝船為測試範例。In the present invention, a ship's 174,630 DWT bulk carrier is used as a test example.
此船三個甲板下方之水平管線高度如表六所述。機艙內部份(14個)管群的佈置如第二十圖所示，而其立體圖如第三十五(a)圖所示。各管群均為Type T，管群資訊如表七 所述。相連通之管群以edge相互連接後，如第二十一圖所示之管群圖形。The horizontal pipeline height below the three decks of the vessel is as described in Table 6. The arrangement of the inner (14) tube groups of the nacelle is as shown in the twentieth diagram, and the perspective view thereof is as shown in the thirty-fifth (a) diagram. Each group is Type T, and the group information is shown in Table 7. Said. The connected clusters are connected to each other by edge, as shown in the twenty-first diagram.
假設機艙內既有管件有7根(各點之座標如表八所示)，其中5根在管群5內，1根在管群18，另一根不在任何管群內。此時機艙管路模型(含既有管路)如第三十六圖所示。Assume that there are 7 tubes in the nacelle (the coordinates of each point are shown in Table 8), five of which are in the tube group 5, one in the tube group 18, and the other in the tube group. At this time, the cabin pipeline model (including the existing pipeline) is as shown in Figure 36.
擬設計之管路起點(S)在(E14300,N11300,U25700)，終點(D)在(E6500,S6500,U15700)，起始管群為管群5，目標管群為管群18。此時在管路起訖點Leading Pipes附近的管群模型(含既有管路及起始點與終點的Leading Pipes)分別如第三十七(a)圖與第三十七(b)圖所示。The starting point (S) of the pipeline to be designed is (E14300, N11300, U25700), the end point (D) is (E6500, S6500, U15700), the starting pipe group is the pipe group 5, and the target pipe group is the pipe group 18. At this time, the tube group model near the pipeline starting point (Leading Pipes with existing pipelines and starting point and end point) is as shown in the thirty-seventh (a) and thirty-seventh (b) diagrams respectively. Show.
經過本發明所發展的Spatial Pipe Trunk Graph搜尋方法找出管群路徑，自起始管群5到目標管群18之管群路徑共有三個(如表九所示)。經由Edge Operator與管群內部管路佈置情形，推算出三個管路路徑，其直管件數、直管總長、肘管數量之比較如表九前三列所示。After the Spatial Pipe Trunk Graph search method developed by the present invention finds the pipe group path, there are three pipe group paths from the initial pipe group 5 to the target pipe group 18 (as shown in Table IX). Through the Edge Operator and the internal piping arrangement of the pipe group, three pipeline paths are derived. The comparison of the number of straight pipes, the total length of straight pipes and the number of elbow pipes is shown in the first three columns of Table 9.
根據此三個管路之路徑詳細資料，產生PDMS Macro輸入檔後，產生三管路的PDMS立體模型，分別為第三十八圖(管群路徑5-4-13-20-18)，第三十九圖(管群路徑 5-14-21-20-18)，第四十圖(管群路徑5-15-21-20-18)。According to the path details of the three pipelines, after generating the PDMS Macro input file, a three-pipe PDMS stereo model is generated, which is the thirty-eighth diagram (pipe group path 5-4-13-20-18), Thirty-nine map 5-14-21-20-18), the fortieth map (tube group path 5-15-21-20-18).
在決定第三十八圖所示之管路路徑時用到的Edge Operator依順序包括z Θ1 x 、x Θy 、y Θ1 z 、z Θ1 y 、y Θx 、x Θy 。圖中兩個細線白色箭頭所指之管件高度為第二甲板的HSP (表六)，而粗線白色箭頭所指之管件之高度為第二甲板的HAF 。圖中白色圓圈內管路有肘管過度集中之現象，此部份之放大圖如第三十七圖左下方之圖示，是因為管群太接近所造成的。這類於自動推算管路路徑產生之肘管過度集中部分，須待工程師做個別管路修定。The Edge Operator used in determining the pipeline path shown in Figure 38 includes z Θ 1 x , x Θ y , y Θ 1 z , z Θ 1 y , y Θ x , x Θ y , in order . In the figure, the height of the pipe indicated by the two thin white arrows is the H SP of the second deck (Table 6), and the height of the pipe indicated by the thick white arrow is the H AF of the second deck. In the figure, the tube in the white circle has excessive concentration of the elbow. The enlarged view of this part is shown in the lower left of the thirty-seventh figure because the tube group is too close. This type of over-concentration of the elbow produced by the automatic calculation of the pipeline path is subject to individual pipe repair by the engineer.
在表九中，最後兩列所述第4與第5個路徑(如第四十一圖與第四十二圖所示)之起始管群分別為節點14與15，目標管群仍為節點18之管路路徑資料。由表九顯示：In Table IX, the starting pipe groups of the 4th and 5th paths (as shown in the 41st and 42nd figures) in the last two columns are nodes 14 and 15, respectively, and the target pipe group is still Pipeline path data for node 18. Shown by Table 9:
(1).同起始管群與目標管群，如第1、2、3項，路徑不同，管長也不同。(1). The same as the initial tube group and the target tube group, such as items 1, 2, and 3, the path is different, and the tube length is also different.
(2).同目標管群但不同起始管群，如第1、4、5項，線管長亦有明顯差異。(2). Same as the target group but different starting group, such as items 1, 4, and 5, the line length is also significantly different.
因此工程師需考量選擇適當的起始管群或目標管群。Therefore, engineers need to consider the selection of the appropriate starting group or target group.
綜合上述，本發明之管路佈置設計方法之優點是：(1)將透過管群規範管路路徑之佈置，使機艙管路整齊化；(2)自動產生管路立體模型；(3)避免漫無限制的管路佈置，降低與其他物件相干擾之機會；(4)管路路徑佈置不受船段變動之影響。In summary, the advantages of the pipeline layout design method of the present invention are: (1) arranging the pipeline path through the pipeline group to tidy the cabin pipeline; (2) automatically generating a three-dimensional model of the pipeline; (3) avoiding Unrestricted piping layout reduces the chance of interference with other objects; (4) The piping path layout is not affected by the variation of the ship segment.
再者，本發明之以管群方式佈置管路之優點在於運用 電腦進行管群化管路佈置。其中在管路設計與造船程序具有著多方面的優點與重要性：Furthermore, the advantage of arranging the pipeline in the form of a tube group of the present invention lies in the application The computer performs tube grouping and piping arrangement. Among them, the pipeline design and shipbuilding procedures have many advantages and importance:
(1).美化、簡化機艙管路佈置(1) Beautify and simplify cabin piping layout
採用「走預定之管路路徑(亦即管群Pipe Trunk)、不同方向管線走不同高度(階層化)」之方式，如此佈置機艙管路之路徑相對一般之佈置管路方式來得整齊美觀，並有讓複雜的管路系統簡化。By adopting the method of “scheduled pipeline path (ie, pipe Trunk) and different heights of different pipelines (stratification), the path of the cabin pipeline is arranged neatly and beautifully compared with the general arrangement of pipelines, and There is a simplification of complex piping systems.
(2).節省管支架(support)材料(2). Save tube support materials
由於管件集中佈置於一定之區域範圍內，管支架經整體規劃設計後，成為組合製作整體管支架，如圖1.7，比單一管件各別設置管支架之情形，節省不少管支架材料。Since the pipe fittings are arranged in a certain area, the pipe brackets are designed and integrated to form a whole pipe bracket. As shown in Figure 1.7, the pipe brackets are arranged separately from the single pipe fittings, saving a lot of pipe bracket materials.
(3).管件貫穿船體結構集中(3). Pipe fittings penetrate the hull structure
管件貫穿結構之開孔可事先預留，對船體結構整體規劃，可避開應力集中區及減少補強結構，同時整齊美觀而不會雜亂。The opening of the pipe through the structure can be reserved in advance, and the overall planning of the hull structure can avoid the stress concentration zone and reduce the reinforcing structure, while being neat and beautiful without clutter.
(4).減少現場船體開孔之工時(4). Reduce the working hours of the hull opening on site
管件集中貫穿船體結構時，在組裝船體結構階段可事先預製，不必等到現場人員於安裝管件時才進行開孔作業。When the pipe fittings are concentrated through the hull structure, they can be prefabricated in advance during the assembly of the hull structure, and it is not necessary to wait until the site personnel install the pipe fittings.
(5).機艙空間之利用率高(5). High utilization of cabin space
管件集中佈置、管群與電纜風管可做之整體規劃而有效的利用機艙空間，相對的裝備保養空間就較寬裕。對於往後追加管件或保養維修管件，皆較容易進行。The centralized arrangement of the pipe fittings, the pipe group and the cable duct can be used as a whole to plan and effectively utilize the cabin space, and the relative equipment maintenance space is more abundant. It is easier to add pipe fittings or maintenance pipe fittings later.
(6).船體修改或加強(變更)結構時容易配合(6). It is easy to cooperate when the hull is modified or strengthened (altered).
船舶設計期間有時因船東或船級(Class)要求，為了符合 規範或法規，對於船體變更設計或加強結構而干擾管群路徑時，除了改變管群路徑外，也可對結構進行貫穿(不可開孔貫穿區除外)及補強而維持原預設之佈置路徑。運用管群觀念於管路佈置，結構件因管群而做修改之機會，相對於分散佈置管件而貫穿結構繼而作補強之機會，少了許多。During ship design, sometimes due to shipowner or class requirements, in order to comply For regulations or regulations, when the hull is changed or the structure is strengthened and the pipe group path is disturbed, in addition to changing the pipe group path, the structure may be penetrated (except for the non-opening through zone) and the original arrangement route may be maintained. . Using the concept of tube group in the pipeline layout, the structural parts are modified by the tube group, and there is much less opportunity to reinforce the structure through the structure than the distributed arrangement of the tubes.
(7).降低管路總設計時數，提昇設計工作效率(7). Reduce the total design time of the pipeline and improve the design work efficiency.
影響管路設計工時重要的因素是船段與船段間管件連接的位置。設計者常為了船段周圍銜接位置，牽一髮而動全身，不斷反覆修改路徑。假如運用管群化的路徑佈置，管件只在預設的(管群)路徑內佈置，可以減少管件因船段銜接位置的修改而做變更，故管路設計總工時將會降低，進而提昇工作效率。An important factor affecting the design of the pipeline is the location of the connection between the section of the ship and the section of the ship. The designer often moves the whole body for the position of the bridge around the ship, and constantly changes the path. If the pipe arrangement is used, the pipe fittings are only arranged in the preset (pipe group) path, which can reduce the pipe fittings to be changed due to the modification of the ship's joint position, so the total working hours of the pipe design will be reduced and thus improved. Work efficiency.
本發明以較佳實施例說明如上，然其並非用以限定本發明所主張之專利權利範圍。其專利保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍及其等同領域而定。凡熟悉此領域之技藝者，在不脫離本專利精神或範圍內，所作之更動或潤飾，均屬於本發明所揭示精神下所完成之等效改變或設計，且應包含在下述之申請專利範圍內。The present invention has been described above by way of a preferred embodiment, and is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of patent protection is subject to the scope of the patent application and its equivalent fields. Any modification or refinement made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention is equivalent to the equivalent change or design made in the spirit of the present disclosure, and should be included in the following patent application scope. Inside.
100‧‧‧甲板100‧‧‧Deck
101‧‧‧電纜101‧‧‧ cable
102‧‧‧風管102‧‧‧ duct
103‧‧‧裝備103‧‧‧Equipment
104(a,b,c)‧‧‧管群104(a,b,c)‧‧‧
105‧‧‧管件105‧‧‧ Pipe fittings
106‧‧‧船段106‧‧‧ segments
107‧‧‧船體107‧‧‧ hull
112‧‧‧船體縱向結構112‧‧‧Longitudinal structure of the hull
114‧‧‧船體橫向結構114‧‧‧ hull transverse structure
116‧‧‧橫向加強材116‧‧‧Horizontal reinforcement
118‧‧‧船體中心線118‧‧‧hull centre line
120‧‧‧主機120‧‧‧Host
122‧‧‧高區122‧‧‧High Area
124‧‧‧低區124‧‧‧low area
126‧‧‧參考線126‧‧‧ reference line
132‧‧‧左舷132‧‧‧Port
134‧‧‧右舷134‧‧‧Starboard
136‧‧‧船艏136‧‧‧Ship
138‧‧‧船體中心線138‧‧‧ hull centerline
140‧‧‧船艉140‧‧‧Ship
142‧‧‧管件142‧‧‧ Pipe fittings
143‧‧‧第1管群143‧‧‧1st tube group
144‧‧‧第4管群144‧‧‧4th tube group
146‧‧‧低區管群列146‧‧‧low zone group
148‧‧‧高區管群列148‧‧‧High District Management Group
150‧‧‧船體結構150‧‧‧hull structure
152‧‧‧橫支架152‧‧‧ horizontal bracket
153‧‧‧垂直支架153‧‧‧ vertical bracket
154‧‧‧第一層橫支架154‧‧‧First horizontal bracket
156‧‧‧第二層橫支架156‧‧‧Second horizontal bracket
158‧‧‧管件158‧‧‧ Pipe fittings
169‧‧‧縱向加強材169‧‧‧Longitudinal reinforcement
160‧‧‧電纜160‧‧‧ cable
162‧‧‧甲板162‧‧‧Deck
164‧‧‧左右向管群164‧‧‧
166‧‧‧艏艉向管群166‧‧‧艏艉向管群
168‧‧‧橫向加強材168‧‧‧Horizontal reinforcement
170‧‧‧船體外板170‧‧‧ hull board
172‧‧‧上甲板172‧‧‧Upper deck
174‧‧‧第二甲板174‧‧‧ second deck
176‧‧‧第三甲板176‧‧‧ third deck
180‧‧‧上層甲板下方水平管群180‧‧‧Horizontal tube group below the upper deck
182‧‧‧第二甲板下方水平管群182‧‧‧ horizontal deck below the second deck
186‧‧‧第二甲板上方垂直管群186‧‧‧ vertical tube group above the second deck
188‧‧‧第三甲板上方垂直管群188‧‧‧ vertical tube group above the third deck
N5‧‧‧節點5N5‧‧‧ Node 5
N14‧‧‧節點14N14‧‧‧ Node 14
N21‧‧‧節點21N21‧‧‧ node 21
N31‧‧‧節點31N31‧‧‧ node 31
S‧‧‧起點Starting point of S‧‧
D‧‧‧終點D‧‧‧end point
A1‧‧‧區域一(第三甲板之下方)，垂直管群A1‧‧‧Zone 1 (below the third deck), vertical tube group
A2‧‧‧區域二(第三甲板之下方)，水平管群A2‧‧‧Section 2 (below the third deck), horizontal pipe group
A3‧‧‧區域三(第三甲板之上方)，垂直管群A3‧‧‧Zone 3 (above the third deck), vertical tube group
A4‧‧‧區域四(第二甲板之下方)，水平管群A4‧‧‧Section 4 (below the second deck), horizontal pipe cluster
A5‧‧‧區域五(第二甲板之上方)，垂直管群A5‧‧‧Round 5 (above the second deck), vertical tube group
A6‧‧‧區域六(上層甲板之下方)，水平管群A6‧‧‧Section 6 (below the upper deck), horizontal pipe cluster
200‧‧‧第i個管群200‧‧‧i-th tube group
202‧‧‧第k個管群202‧‧‧kth tube group
HAF ‧‧‧艏艉向管群高度H AF ‧‧‧艏艉向管群高度
HSP ‧‧‧左右向管群高度H SP ‧‧‧ to the height of the tube group
HL ‧‧‧縱向結構高度H L ‧‧‧Longitudinal structural height
HF ‧‧‧橫向主結構高度H F ‧‧‧Horizontal main structure height
第一圖係顯示一般船舶之管件與電纜、風管、裝備等之位置關係之示意圖。The first figure shows a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the pipe fittings of a general ship and cables, ducts, equipment, and the like.
第二圖係顯示船段進行艤品安裝時第一階段為反向放置船段之示意圖。The second figure shows the schematic diagram of the first stage of the ship segment when the ship is installed.
第三圖係顯示安裝甲板上之裝備及管件之示意圖。The third diagram shows a schematic representation of the equipment and fittings on the installation deck.
第四圖係顯示管群佈置方向之示意圖。The fourth figure shows a schematic diagram of the direction in which the tube groups are arranged.
第五圖係顯示船舶機艙區所劃分為多個船段之示意圖。The fifth figure shows a schematic diagram of the division of the ship's cabin area into multiple sections.
第六圖係顯示單層管群之參考線之示意圖。The sixth figure shows a schematic view of a reference line of a single layer tube group.
第七圖係顯示管群之高區與低區之示意圖。The seventh figure shows a schematic diagram of the high and low zones of the tube group.
第八(a)圖係顯示單層管群內管路之實際佈置之示意圖。The eighth (a) diagram shows a schematic representation of the actual arrangement of the tubes within a single layer tube group.
第八(b)圖係顯示管群內之管件以凹槽表示之示意圖。The eighth (b) diagram shows a schematic view of the tube members in the tube group in grooves.
第九(a~d)圖係顯示單層管群資料結構之示意圖。The ninth (a~d) diagram shows a schematic diagram of the data structure of the single-layer tube group.
第十圖係顯示Type B-T雙層管群的剖面圖。The tenth figure shows a cross-sectional view of the Type B-T double tube group.
第十一圖係顯示管群內管件之佈置：管面高度相同但管中心高度不同之示意圖。The eleventh figure shows the arrangement of the pipe fittings in the pipe group: the pipe surface height is the same but the pipe center height is different.
第十二圖係顯示六種管群佈置型式之示意圖。The twelfth figure shows a schematic diagram of the layout of six tube groups.
第十三圖係顯示管群內兩平行管件架設同一管支架上水平距離之示意圖。The thirteenth figure shows a schematic diagram of the horizontal distance between two parallel pipe fittings in the pipe group on the same pipe bracket.
第十四圖係顯示Type B之管群安全高度距離之示意圖。The fourteenth figure shows a schematic diagram of the safe height distance of the tube group of Type B.
第十五圖係顯示Type T-T之管群安全高度距離之示意圖。The fifteenth figure shows a schematic diagram of the safe height distance of the tube group of the Type T-T.
第十六圖係顯示Type B-B之管群安全高度距離之示意圖。Figure 16 shows a schematic diagram of the safe height distance of the tube group of Type B-B.
第十七圖係顯示Type B-T之管群安全高度距離之示意圖。The seventeenth figure shows a schematic diagram of the safe height distance of the tube group of Type B-T.
第十八圖係顯示從船艉往船艏看其艏艉向與左右向管 群高度之示意圖。The eighteenth figure shows the direction of the head and left and right pipes from the bow to the bow. A schematic diagram of the height of the group.
第十九圖係顯示機艙中各層甲板管群區域等級(Level)劃分之示意圖。The nineteenth figure shows a schematic diagram of the level division of each deck tube group in the engine room.
第二十圖係顯示以平面展開圖呈現機艙之管群圖形之示意圖。The twenty-fifth figure shows a schematic diagram showing the tube group pattern of the nacelle in a plane development view.
第二十一圖係顯示管群圖形之區域分佈示意圖。The twenty-first figure shows a schematic diagram of the regional distribution of the tube group pattern.
第二十二圖係顯示以機艙甲板為劃分基礎的管群區域之示意圖。The twenty-second figure shows a schematic view of the tube group area based on the nacelle deck.
第二十三圖係顯示由管件起訖點選定管群路徑搜尋之起始管群與目標管群之示意圖。The twenty-third figure shows a schematic diagram of the starting pipe group and the target pipe group for selecting the pipe group path from the starting point of the pipe.
第二十四圖係顯示管群路徑5-14-21-31之示意圖。The twenty-fourth figure shows a schematic diagram of the tube group path 5-14-21-31.
第二十五圖係顯示管段TP與中心線位在CD線上的管段間的邊向量之示意圖。The twenty-fifth figure shows a schematic diagram of the edge vector between the pipe segment TP and the pipe segment of the center line on the CD line.
第二十六圖係顯示連接x方向管群內管件與y方向管群內管件之邊向量參數與角度關係之示意圖。The twenty-sixth figure shows a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the edge vector parameters and the angle of the inner tube member in the x-direction tube group and the inner tube member in the y-direction tube group.
第二十七圖係顯示y Θx 運算子的邊向量之示意圖。The twenty-seventh figure shows a schematic diagram of the edge vectors of the y Θ x operator.
第二十八(a,b)圖係顯示y Θ1 z 與x Θ1 z 運算子的邊向量，其中為正之情形之示意圖。The twenty-eighth (a, b) diagram shows the edge vectors of the y Θ 1 z and x Θ 1 z operators, where A schematic diagram of the situation.
第二十九(a,b)圖係顯示y Θ1 z 與x Θ1 z 運算子的邊向量，其中為負之情形之示意圖。The twenty-ninth (a, b) diagram shows the edge vectors of the y Θ 1 z and x Θ 1 z operators, where A schematic diagram of a negative situation.
第三十(a,b)圖係顯示y Θ2 z 與x Θ2 z 運算子的邊向量之示意圖。The thirtieth (a, b) diagram shows a schematic diagram of the edge vectors of the y Θ 2 z and x Θ 2 z operators.
第三十一(a,b)圖係顯示y Θy 與x Θx 運算子的邊向量之示意圖。The thirty-first (a, b) diagram shows a schematic diagram of the edge vectors of the y Θ y and x Θ x operators.
第三十二圖係顯示z Θz 運算子與邊向量之示意圖。The thirty-second figure shows a schematic diagram of the z Θ z operator and the edge vector.
第三十三圖係顯示PDMS以E-N-U代表x-y-z座標之示意圖。The thirty-third figure shows a schematic diagram of PDMS with E-N-U representing the x-y-z coordinates.
第三十四圖係顯示肘管的方向--左手定則之示意圖。The thirty-fourth figure shows the direction of the elbow - a schematic diagram of the left-hand rule.
第三十五(a,b)圖係顯示14個管群之電腦佈置立體模型之示意圖。The thirty-fifth (a, b) diagram shows a schematic diagram of a computer-arranged three-dimensional model of 14 tube groups.
第三十六圖係顯示在新管路設計之前機艙管群與既有管路之模型之示意圖。Figure 36 shows a schematic of the model of the cabin tube group and the existing pipeline before the new piping design.
第三十七(a)圖係顯示穿過甲板的Leading Pipe中心線與管路起始點之示意圖。The thirty-seventh (a) diagram shows a schematic diagram of the Leading Pipe centerline and the starting point of the pipeline through the deck.
第三十七(b)圖係顯示管路終點與其Leading Pipe中心線之示意圖。The thirty-seventh (b) diagram shows a schematic diagram of the end of the pipeline and its leading line of the Leading Pipe.
第三十八圖係顯示管群路徑5-4-13-20-18的詳細管路之示意圖。The thirty-eighth figure is a schematic diagram showing the detailed piping of the pipe group path 5-4-13-20-18.
第三十九圖係顯示管群路徑5-14-21-20-18的詳細管路之示意圖。The thirty-ninth figure shows a schematic diagram of the detailed piping of the tube group path 5-14-21-20-18.
第四十圖係顯示管群路徑5-15-21-20-18的詳細管路之示意圖。The fortieth figure is a schematic diagram showing the detailed piping of the pipe group path 5-15-21-20-18.
第四十一圖係顯示管群路徑14-21-20-18的詳細管路之示意圖。The forty-first figure shows a schematic diagram of the detailed piping of the tube group path 14-21-20-18.
第四十二圖係顯示管群路徑15-21-20-18的詳細管路之示意圖。The forty-second diagram shows a schematic diagram of the detailed piping of the tube group path 15-21-20-18.
180‧‧‧上層甲板下方水平管群180‧‧‧Horizontal tube group below the upper deck
182‧‧‧第二甲板下方水平管群182‧‧‧ horizontal deck below the second deck
186‧‧‧第二甲板上方垂直管群186‧‧‧ vertical tube group above the second deck
188‧‧‧第三甲板上方垂直管群188‧‧‧ vertical tube group above the third deck
N5‧‧‧節點5N5‧‧‧ Node 5
N14‧‧‧節點14N14‧‧‧ Node 14
N21‧‧‧節點21N21‧‧‧ node 21
N31‧‧‧節點31N31‧‧‧ node 31
S‧‧‧起點Starting point of S‧‧
D‧‧‧終點D‧‧‧end point
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| Title |
|---|
| 吳景凱、洪文恭，"管群化管路自動佈置方法於機艙綜合構想設計支應用簡介"，第20屆中國造船暨輪機工程研討會，2008年3月16日 戴良誌，"沿面管路佈置自動避碰方法"，碩士論文，2006年11月30日 Jin-Hyung Park, Richard L. Storch, "Pipe-routing Algorithm Development: Case Study of a Ship Engine Room Design", Expert Systems with Applications, Volume 23, Issue 3, 1 October 2002, Pages 299-309. * |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW200945082A (en) | 2009-11-01 |
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